148 lines
20 KiB
XML
148 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="87DFF6E6C69E966DDE9E5AC6A5EA6F21">Redescription and redefinition of the genus Chiltana Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Dictyopharini), with description of a new species from Pakistan</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2544E630648A04A45E8D4BEE4D6117A9">Song, Zhi-Shun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3F68BD95406F7A39269E1DE4C8DE0CC8">Khatri, Imran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7B7C119542D7F7F548D49CA08C20C468">Liang, Ai-Ping</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="795297EBB4DB988B35AD6172B9AC7170" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.838.30910</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F230793416761DF5586CCE8C694D3720" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156147144" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F230793416761DF5586CCE8C694D3720" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F230793416761DF5586CCE8C694D3720" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="4C97352AA62BF03947BE09FC6DF636C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="DA891BB2E62BF653F41E04A467078E85" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="AC98C0949F2B6B25ED4A9241658DF077" ID-CoL="3N5G" authority="Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995" authorityName="Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar" authorityYear="1995" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4A9C374D642B70DD50F7201AEE4B7AB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="E0160FC74460671A069F2BED2215EF8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="207178E47E22759969C2CDA674AA58ED" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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Shakila-Mushtaq, 1984: 158, nomen nudum of
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<taxonomicName id="80CAFAB93B63262D15B032F3342EEEC0" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D87A32DFB96B764F330DE65D2E9FB461" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="A34F8A6A5A5FF5E0FB70659B3C1878FD" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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Shakila-Mushtaq, 1994: 2 (in key), 30 (in catalogue), nomen nudum of
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<taxonomicName id="06085C1AD8750539B6CEC50435CF41E8" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="803B42F52C8010BC857B18CBFBFAA988" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="EC462B616E5FB69D90A20809BC4E613B" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995: 374. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="79630C956A16E998E7E6F7A6E98F09E5" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana baluchi" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baluchi">Chiltana baluchi</taxonomicName>
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Shakila-Mushtaq & Akbar, 1995; by original designation and monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C305D368520040B98C7C97271821F26C" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C1DED7B728061577C7C2AF1E1BD278CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="963748DCC59834A3CACF0E4518B4212F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="189E067BD73FD839FFCB3E0DACD2EE1A" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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may be distinguished from other genera in the
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<taxonomicName id="4FE739C912942E6DA8C4A224CFA77134" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="tribe" tribe="Dictyopharini">Dictyopharini</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: cephalic process absent due to anterior margin of vertex not reaching beyond anterior margin of eyes; vertex with lateral carinae weakly ridged and subparallel, anterior and posterior margins nearly straight, without median carina; frons without median and intermediate carinae; pronotum with anterior and posterior margins nearly straight and subparallel anteroposteriorly, lateral marginal areas distinctly convex, median carina complete but weak, without intermediate carinae; mesonotum distinctly arched, carina absent; fore and middle femora flattened and dilated, with several various sized spines on ventral margin; hind tibiae with eight apical teeth; phallobase with inflated membranous paired lobes, with numerous small superficial spines on apex of lobes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="95B7621252456DB14F85228231E78282" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="redescription">
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<paragraph id="FA0E5074B9C82AADE8EFFC00E7285045" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Redescription.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="58DC911645AC171BBDE867A7B8DCECA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Head very short, cephalic process absent due to anterior margin of vertex not reaching beyond anterior margin of eyes, so anterior part of dorsal surface of head occupied by basal extension of frons in dorsal view (Fig. 2A). Vertex (Fig. 2A) moderately broad, basal width slightly wider than transverse diameter of eyes; anterior margin not reaching beyond anterior margin of eyes, just approaching apical fourth of eyes; posterior plane elevated above pronotum; lateral carinae weakly ridged and subparallel; anterior and posterior margins weakly ridged and nearly straight; median carina absent, with a lateral large pit on each side. Frons (Fig. 2C) with lateral carinae weakly ridged, nearly parallel; median and intermediate carinae absent; basal margin of frons projecting anteriad to apex of vertex, distinctly visible in dorsal view (Fig. 2A). Postclypeus and anteclypeus (Fig. 2C) convex medially, with distinct median carina. Rostrum moderately long, reaching base of hind femora; basal segment slightly longer than distal one. Compound eyes large and globose. Ocelli relatively large, reddish. Antennae with very small scape; pedicel large and subglobular, with more than 50 distinct sensory plaque organs distributed over entire surface; flagellum long, setuliform.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4FFB317040AAE1621879CF04D3BE863C" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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Pronotum (Fig. 2A) distinctly shorter than mesonotum at midline, anterior and posterior margins nearly straight and subparallel anteroposteriorly; lateral marginal areas distinctly convex and sloping down with two longitudinal carinae on each side; intermediate carinae absent; median carina complete but weak, with a lateral pit on each side. Mesonotum (Fig. 2A) distinctly arched, carina absent. Forewings (Fig. 2D) hyaline, venation with sparse transverse veins; MP bifurcating MP1+2 and MP3+4 near middle and beyond CuA; number of apical cells between R and CuA equal to 13; Pcu and A1 veins fused into a long Pcu+A1 vein at apical 1/4 in clavus; pterostigmal area clear, with 4 or 5 cells. Legs (Fig. 3
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<normalizedToken id="3296A7A3856740B173FED201C31F10B3" originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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) moderately long; fore femora strongly flattened and dilated, with about 10 various sized spines on ventral margin; middle femora flattened and dilated, with about six various sized spines on ventral margin; fore and middle tarsomeres I and II with several acutellae; hind tibiae with four lateral spines and eight apical teeth; hind tarsomeres I and II with about 14 apical teeth, respectively.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D8CE10B477AC70D389A5DDC82F92373" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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Male genitalia. Pygofer (Fig. 4A, B, D) in lateral view wider ventrally than dorsally, dorsal margin slightly excavated to accommodate segment X, dorsoposterior margins angular, produced into a distinct lobe which is short and broad. Gonostyles (Fig. 4
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<normalizedToken id="DD534E06A7EA12514748BA916DE387C8" originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
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) symmetrical, with narrow base, expanded toward apex, broadest at apical fourth; dorsal margin with a claw-like process directed dorsad, outer dorsal edge with a spiny hook-like process near middle directed ventrad. Aedeagus (Fig. 5
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<normalizedToken id="E57FD6D4E33BFDBF66F595233A20B742" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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) with one pair of elongate endosomal processes extended from phallobase membranous, acute and sclerotised apically; phallobase sclerotised and pigmented basally, membranous and inflated apically, with paired lobes. Segment X (Fig. 4A, B) large, in dorsal view, with apex deeply excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style elongate and large.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3EC38ED1E77B35C6E38B1C18EDFBAF8E" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Female genitalia. Gonapophyses VIII with anterior connective lamina large and sclerotized, with teeth of varying sizes and shapes. Gonoplacs with two lobes homologous; lateral lobe sclerotized, large and elongate, with a distinct sensory appendage on apex, a bunch of long setae on sensory appendage; the posterior lobe membranous, containing long sclerotized plate. Segment X large and broad, apex deeply excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style large and elongate.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C70038CD76EED1F8B1F994A02E5AF021" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="BC487363B3C8B83079FD2E2EEACCD7A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Diversity and distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E60A6D00F6130E2A71EE9B11E439EA2D" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">This genus contains two species restricted to Chiltan, Balochistan, Pakistan.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B37733202E53897E90004EA21D8A993" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="1CB53E41CCF24A94B2C6D955A96A3D79" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="491E8834AFA583DAA2765C8FF07ECCCB" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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In the original descriptions and illustrations of
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<taxonomicName id="86DBB44CF1D8F29AB30E670673D53D51" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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, the frons and mesonotum were described as
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<normalizedToken id="02F0271F8BB8FEBFA509C85A908B09DC" originalValue="“tricarinate”">"tricarinate"</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="97C05627F6835ED5BC6B5E9784EF4474" author="Shakila-Mushtaq," journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="373 - 376" title="A new genus Chiltana (Dictyopharidae: Homoptera) from Pakistan." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/25085606" volume="68" year="1995">Shakila-Mushtaq and Akbar 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). Actually, the carinae on the frons and mesonotum of
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<taxonomicName id="961BCE41263C89CF52D1892CDB819838" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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species are absent based on examination of the type specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="2BA848CCF2C66C6FCD1D22F78FF87368" lsidName="C. baluchi" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="baluchi">C. baluchi</taxonomicName>
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and new species, although these corresponding positions show the different colored patterns, like some other dictyopharid species. In addition, the legs, female genitalia and other characters of
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<taxonomicName id="DC69C5A9527525D2F1BD77CF544B4DB3" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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were not mentioned in the original paper. The original generic diagnosis of
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<taxonomicName id="314A5492740485156594183B6C820BE8" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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is short and incomplete. Thus,
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<taxonomicName id="86844383370AA395E6F56741BCB4B64E" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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is here redescribed and redefined based on examination of the type specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="317908B21FD6E1D529FBC036CFAB0D2F" lsidName="C. baluchi" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="species" species="baluchi">C. baluchi</taxonomicName>
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and new species and a critical review of the literature.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4DA736E05EC8269103E27E4C52DEB967" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="20D814FB3D78423D97810A708002EC2F" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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is similar to the genera
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<taxonomicName id="28912C5AE9177F557DE66ED39653C4AB" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Afronersia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Afronersia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Afronersia</taxonomicName>
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Fennah, 1958 and
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<taxonomicName id="B6D491D441808AA7DA6EB132353E616D" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Gilgitia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gilgitia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Gilgitia</taxonomicName>
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Shakita-Mushtaq, 1991 in various characters of head, venation and genitalia (
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<bibRefCitation id="38282573058A88596B00B2D3C6C6B7C4" author="Shakila-Mushtaq," journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="373 - 376" title="A new genus Chiltana (Dictyopharidae: Homoptera) from Pakistan." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/25085606" volume="68" year="1995">Shakila-Mushtaq and Akbar 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
). In the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="FF9ECDCBE9085685D1E3EDD6ECFB0556" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="tribe" tribe="Dictyopharini">Dictyopharini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="711698DE137BE709C8494DD7561B84B3" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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has several diagnostic characters that serve to differentiate it from other genera. The smaller dimensions of the head, absence of carinae on the frons and mesonotum, and flattened and dilated fore and middle femora with variously sized spines on the ventral margin may easily distinguish
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<taxonomicName id="5066AC6DBC308210F3A6CA2029279727" class="Insecta" family="Dictyopharidae" genus="Chiltana" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chiltana" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chiltana</taxonomicName>
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from remaining genera in the
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<taxonomicName id="C71C0B7290D1C273E8C58D1EA3BC41B6" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rank="tribe" tribe="Dictyopharini">Dictyopharini</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |