947 lines
132 KiB
XML
947 lines
132 KiB
XML
<document id="D476088092CE772CFA0F2563F041A568" ID-CLB-Dataset="21207" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ffdfb2b7-ecf7-4eef-a826-cbaeed24bb17" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994811" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1598027921682" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Dick, Matthew H. & Grischenko, Andrei V." docDate="2016" docId="03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.51.3-4.141-266.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 51" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797" docStyle="DocumentStyle:3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62.3:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="3C762F9783B768A90048B82ACD135A62" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="203" masterDocId="FF87FFBAD16C5C716215FFFAFF85FFE8" masterDocTitle="Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan" masterLastPageNumber="266" masterPageNumber="141" pageNumber="194" updateTime="1698845144665" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="90391EC351A9AF82DCB9879934F74200">Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="069AE624D2C7A9D61827760D856CB72C" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F84160698C5D501171C03ACA70DDA131">Dick, Matthew H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="54C61C538564A1FD1ED94AECF650B886">Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="30C25F8BC4D77DE560E8F142AE5B5E5F">Grischenko, Andrei V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="18615A15911A65B02B1B0E6904B538EC">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Aquatic Ecology, Biological Faculty, Perm State National Research University, Perm, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="88742AF8CA6392C1DA6E06CCC30C1251">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="BB76E352FFFB495EED2026E8FC4EB1B1">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="89819250280BEBCC5FBEF7776D5918AF">
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<mods:date id="5D874295B440BFB9B0B7D40698081273">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9B6812BB274BD62DD0D76ADB4C2D5C17">2016-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C889D09550F0F0555C1FB1A4001D3EF5">51</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="368270EC058A44224E7C2227D9409F00">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797</mods:url>
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<treatment id="03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4333660" ID-GBIF-Taxon="167288382" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4333660" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
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<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1595C44637FFC1EFC3CFC15" box="[362,953,996,1021]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1595C44637FFC1EFC3CFC15" blockId="53.[362,953,996,1055]" box="[362,953,996,1021]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
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<heading id="D0E081B8D1595C44637FFC1EFC3CFC15" box="[362,953,996,1021]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1595C44637FFC1EFC3CFC15" ID-CoL="6TQG9" authority="Soule and Soule, 1973" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[362,953,996,1021]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C44637FFC1EFD23FC15" bold="true" box="[362,678,996,1021]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" reason="3">Parasmittina alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1595C4460BAFC1EFC3CFC15" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[687,953,996,1021]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1595C446044FBFCFD57FBF7" box="[593,722,1030,1055]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1595C446044FBFCFD57FBF7" blockId="53.[362,953,996,1055]" box="[593,722,1030,1055]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1595C44604CFBFCFD4FFBF7" box="[601,714,1030,1055]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="54.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994845/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1595C4462B5FBB0FC11FB8A" box="[160,916,1098,1122]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1595C4462B5FBB0FC11FB8A" blockId="53.[160,916,1098,1122]" box="[160,916,1098,1122]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1595C4462B5FBB0FC90FB8A" ID-CoL="6TQG9" authority="Soule and Soule, 1973, p. 385" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityPageNumber="385" authorityYear="1973" box="[160,789,1098,1122]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C4462B5FBB0FE33FB8A" box="[160,438,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">Parasmittina alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1595C4463AAFBB0FD38FB8A" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[447,701,1098,1122]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 385
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 3(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C446178FBB0FCFFFB8A" box="[877,890,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">–</emphasis>
|
||
c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1595C4462B5FB69FBD3FAFD" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1595C4462B5FB69FE05FB45" blockId="53.[160,1156,1171,1301]" box="[160,384,1171,1197]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1595C4462B5FB69FE05FB45" box="[160,384,1171,1197]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C4462B5FB69FE05FB45" bold="true" box="[160,384,1171,1197]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1595C4462B5FB4DFBD3FAFD" blockId="53.[160,1156,1171,1301]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1103 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1595C44634DFB4DFE16FB27" box="[344,403,1207,1231]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
12), bleached, on SEM stub (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1595C446134FB4DFB82FB27" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[801,1031,1207,1231]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Escharinidae" genus="Bryopesanser" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="latesco">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C446134FB4DFB82FB27" box="[801,1031,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">Bryopesanser latesco</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); NSMT-Te 1104 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1595C4462F3FB20FEA4FB1A" box="[230,289,1242,1266]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
17), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1105 (REEF-7), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1106, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1595C44601AFB07FDB9FAFD" box="[527,572,1277,1301]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site; NSMT-Te 1107, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1595C4461FFFB07FBA5FAFD" box="[1002,1056,1277,1301]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">REEF</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1595C4662B5FABFFCB8FF21" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1595C4462B5FABFFEC8FAB7" blockId="53.[160,1156,1349,1549]" box="[160,333,1349,1375]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1595C4462B5FABFFEC8FAB7" box="[160,333,1349,1375]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C4462B5FABFFEC8FAB7" bold="true" box="[160,333,1349,1375]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1595C4462B5FA90FF69F9E5" blockId="53.[160,1156,1349,1549]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
|
||
AzL, 0.33
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C44631FFA90FE92FA6A" box="[266,279,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.46 (0.397 ± 0.038); AzW, 0.21
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C446085FA90FD18FA6A" box="[656,669,1386,1410]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.35 (0.279 ± 0.038) (n = 15, 2). SecOrL (including sinus), 0.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C44638DFA76FE20FA4C" box="[408,421,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.12 (0.102 ± 0.008); SecOrW, 0.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C44613BFA76FCBEFA4C" box="[814,827,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.11 (0.099 ± 0.005) (n = 15, 2). OvL, 0.17
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C44633AFA55FEB9FA2F" box="[303,316,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.20 (0.183 ± 0.010); OvW, 0.17
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C4460B1FA55FD34FA2F" box="[676,689,1455,1479]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.22 (0.191 ± 0.014) (n = 11, 2). Longest AvRosL per zooid, 0.06
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C4463B1FA28FE34FA02" box="[420,433,1490,1514]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.11 (0.081 ± 0.014) (n = 16, 2). Largest colony observed
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1595C446655FA28FB06FA02" box="[1088,1155,1490,1514]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1595C4462B5F9C7FEA3F9BF" blockId="53.[160,1155,1597,1727]" box="[160,294,1597,1623]" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1595C4462B5F9C7FEA3F9BF" box="[160,294,1597,1623]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1595C4462B5F9C7FEA3F9BF" bold="true" box="[160,294,1597,1623]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="194" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1595C4662B5F998FCB8FF21" blockId="53.[160,1155,1597,1727]" lastBlockId="55.[160,1155,142,201]" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="196" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">
|
||
Colony forming an irregular, unilaminar, encrusting sheet; light tan in colour. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1595C4462B2F97FFE93F975" box="[167,278,1669,1693]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="54.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994845/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="194">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, c, d)) distinct, boundaries indicated by opposing columns of areolae and suture line. Frontal wall convex, tuberculate, rugose; five to seven small areolae along each lateral margin. Primary orifice with very broad, low, alate lyrula (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D15A5C4761FCFC08FBDFFBE2" box="[1001,1114,1010,1034]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="54.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994845/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="195">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)). Condyles blunt, with minute denticles at tip; angled proximomedially, nearly meeting lyrula and forming a small, oval notch on each side. Main part of secondary orifice subtrapezoidal in shape, lateral margins tapering towards secondary peristomial sinus; sinus deep, U-shaped, conspicuous; peristomial rim often with a projection on each side lateral to sinus; distal margin of secondary orifice gently curved, with 13 to 16 minute, sharp, evenly spaced denticles. Three oral spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D15A5C4760EFFB38FCEFFB32" box="[762,874,1218,1242]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="54.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994845/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="195">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b, d)) close to distal margin of secondary orifice. Zooids have one (39%), two (61%) or three (2%) frontal avicularia (n = 38, 1). If paired, the avicularia are proximolateral or lateral to orifice, directed proximolaterally or laterally, occasionally slightly distolaterally, but often differing from one another in the angle from the midline; if single, avicularium is proximolateral to orifice and directed proximolaterally, or close to midline, pointing proximally or slightly proximolaterally. Rostrum slightly raised from frontal plane, not tilted laterally; rostral plane slightly decurved; rostral edges smooth; crossbar typically complete; mandible long-triangular, acute. In one colony, some zooids have a hypertrophied avicularium proximolateral to orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D15A5C476052FA00FD36F9FA" box="[583,691,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="54.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994845/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="195">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)), up to twice the length of the smaller avicularia. A small pseudopore is occasionally present to one side or other of an avicularium. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D15A5C47638CF9C5FD8EF9BF" box="[409,523,1599,1623]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="54.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@54.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="54" captionText="Figure 17. Parasmittina alanbanneri Soule and Soule, (a–c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994845/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="195">Figure 17</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) hyperstomial; peristome extends across proximal quarter to third of ooecium, forming a raised, thick semicircular band, often with a heavy tubercle on each side. Ectooecium smooth, with about 20 conspicuous pseudopores over entire area distal to peristome. Proximal edge of ooecium visible within peristome, usually serrate. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD15A5C4762B5FCC7FBE6FC44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994845" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994845" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994845/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="195" startId="54.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="54">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15A5C4762B5FCC7FBE6FC44" blockId="54.[160,1156,829,940]" pageId="54" pageNumber="195">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15A5C4762B5FCC7FE8FFCBC" bold="true" box="[160,266,829,852]" pageId="54" pageNumber="195">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15A5C476306FCC7FD39FCBC" authority="Soule and Soule" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[275,700,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="54" pageNumber="195" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15A5C476306FCC7FD8CFCBC" box="[275,521,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="195">Parasmittina alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
Soule and Soule
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, (a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15A5C4760CEFCC7FD6DFCBC" box="[731,744,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="195">–</emphasis>
|
||
c) NSMT-Te 1104, (d) NSMT-Te 1105: (a) autozooids; (b) orifice, showing broad lyrula and strong condyles; (c) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids; (d) autozooids, with larger, single avicularia. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a = 250 µm; b = 100 µm; c = 200 µm; d = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD15B5C4662B5FEFDFE9AFA9D" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C4662B5FEFDFE83FEC9" blockId="55.[160,1156,263,947]" box="[160,262,263,289]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D15B5C4662B5FEFDFE83FEC9" box="[160,262,263,289]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4662B5FEFDFE83FEC9" bold="true" box="[160,262,263,289]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C4662B5FED1FEA2FC5B" blockId="55.[160,1156,263,947]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D15B5C4662B5FED1FF35FE8E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793337" location="Our" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD15B5C4662B5FED1FF4FFEAB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F:8EC8600FD15B5C4662B5FED1FF4FFEAB" box="[160,202,299,323]" name="Our" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Our</location>
|
||
specimens show the following characters indicated in the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15B5C4662B5FEB4FF35FE8E" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[160,176,334,358]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4662B5FEB4FF35FE8E" box="[160,176,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">P</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4662A5FEB4FF31FE8E" box="[176,180,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D15B5C4662AAFEB4FB05FDFB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793335" location="Hawaiian" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4662AAFEB4FEC0FE8E" box="[191,325,334,358]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D15B5C466387FEB4FE5AFE8E" box="[402,479,334,358]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D15B5C4663E5FEB4FD73FE8E" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[496,758,334,358]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): small zooid size (average zooid size 0.40 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D15B5C466324FE8BFE18FE61" box="[305,413,369,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.28">0.28 mm</quantity>
|
||
, compared to 0.41 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D15B5C4660B8FE8BFC92FE61" box="[685,791,369,393]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" unit="mm" value="0.31">0.31 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD15B5C466152FE8BFC2AFE61" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F:8EC8600FD15B5C466152FE8BFC2AFE61" box="[839,943,369,393]" name="Hawaiian" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">Hawaiian</location>
|
||
material); rugose frontal wall; small marginal pores; a low, very broad, alate lyrula; small, single or paired frontal avicularia close to the orifice, with an acute, long-triangular mandible; the avicularian rostrum scarcely elevated from the frontal surface, not tilted and with smooth edges; and scattered pseudopores over the entire surface of the ooecium
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D15B5C4662B5FDE4FE5EFDDE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793306" box="[160,475,542,566]" location="Differences" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD15B5C4662B5FDE4FEA5FDDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F:8EC8600FD15B5C4662B5FDE4FEA5FDDE" box="[160,288,542,566]" name="Differences" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">Differences</location>
|
||
are as follows
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D15B5C4663F8FDE4FD1DFDDE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793332" box="[493,664,542,566]" location="In Hawaiian" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD15B5C4663F8FDE4FDFFFDDE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F:8EC8600FD15B5C4663F8FDE4FDFFFDDE" box="[493,634,542,566]" name="In Hawaiian" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">In Hawaiian</location>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15B5C46609DFDE4FD1DFDDE" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[648,664,542,566]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C46609DFDE4FD1DFDDE" box="[648,664,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">P</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C46608DFDE4FCB5FDDE" box="[664,816,542,566]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">. alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
, the avicularia are typically situated lateral to the orifice, with the rostrum directed laterally or nearly so.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D15B5C466628FDBBFD84FD0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793317" location="In" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD15B5C466628FDBBFBD7FDB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F:8EC8600FD15B5C466628FDBBFBD7FDB1" box="[1085,1106,577,601]" name="In" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">In</location>
|
||
our specimens, while some paired avicularia are situated and oriented in this manner, most are proximolateral to the orifice and directed proximolaterally; when they are single, avicularia are often positioned near the midline proximal to the orifice and point proximally or nearly so
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D15B5C466004FD31FC97FD0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793326" box="[529,786,715,739]" location="Zooids in Hawaiian" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD15B5C466004FD31FD73FD0B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F:8EC8600FD15B5C466004FD31FD73FD0B" box="[529,758,715,739]" name="Zooids in Hawaiian" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">Zooids in Hawaiian</location>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15B5C466117FD31FC97FD0B" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[770,786,715,739]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C466117FD31FC97FD0B" box="[770,786,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">P</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C466107FD31FC2DFD0B" box="[786,936,715,739]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">. alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
have three to six spines, whereas those in our specimens have invariably three; however, many of the zooids in SEM images in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D15B5C4663D7FCEBFD4BFCC1" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[450,718,785,809]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have three spines, which may be the modal number in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D15B5C466396FCC9FE57FCA3" box="[387,466,819,843]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B7F3C89D15B5C4663F1FCC9FDBAFC86" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2846793336" collectorName="Hawaiian" location="Finally" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Hawaii">
|
||
<location id="8EC8600FD15B5C4663F1FCC9FDB5FCA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BE87C2D1595C4F637FFC1EFD32FD3F:8EC8600FD15B5C4663F1FCC9FDB5FCA3" box="[484,560,819,843]" name="Finally" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" stateProvince="Hawaii">Finally</location>
|
||
, there was no indication that the distal orificial margin is denticulate in
|
||
<collectorName id="26E25302D15B5C4663A8FCACFDA3FC86" box="[445,550,854,878]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Hawaiian</collectorName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15B5C46603AFCACFDBAFC86" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[559,575,854,878]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C46603AFCACFDBAFC86" box="[559,575,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">P</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C46602AFCACFD54FC86" box="[575,721,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">. alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
, although this character might easily have been overlooked in the low-quality SEM images accompanying the original description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C4662B5FC0BFEA1FBE3" blockId="55.[160,1155,1009,1139]" box="[160,292,1009,1035]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D15B5C4662B5FC0BFEA1FBE3" box="[160,292,1009,1035]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4662B5FC0BFEA1FBE3" bold="true" box="[160,292,1009,1035]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C4662B5FBECFD8CFB9B" blockId="55.[160,1155,1009,1139]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
We found a total of five colonies, at the REEF and MIN sites.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15B5C46617EFBECFB06FBC6" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[875,1155,1046,1070]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="alanbanneri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C46617EFBECFB06FBC6" box="[875,1155,1046,1070]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Parasmittina alanbanneri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously known only from the Hawaiian archipelago (Oahu, Molokai, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D15B5C46662DFBC3FB06FBB9" box="[1080,1155,1081,1105]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
islands) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D15B5C466316FBA1FE78FB9B" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[259,509,1115,1139]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C46636AFB67FC46FB5E" blockId="55.[361,963,1181,1275]" box="[383,963,1181,1206]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15B5C4663C6FB67FC46FB5E" authority="Soule and Soule, 1973" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[467,963,1181,1206]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4663C6FB67FD35FB5E" bold="true" box="[467,688,1181,1206]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Pleurocodonellina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D15B5C4660ACFB67FC46FB5E" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[697,963,1181,1206]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C46637CFB3AFC3FFB31" blockId="55.[361,963,1181,1275]" box="[361,954,1216,1241]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15B5C46637CFB3AFC3FFB31" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[361,954,1216,1241]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="microperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C46637CFB3AFC8DFB31" bold="true" box="[361,776,1216,1241]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" reason="3">Pleurocodonellina microperforata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D15B5C466107FB3AFC3FFB31" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[786,954,1216,1241]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C466044FB18FD57FB13" blockId="55.[361,963,1181,1275]" box="[593,722,1250,1275]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D15B5C46604CFB18FD4FFB13" box="[601,714,1250,1275]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C4662B5FAEDFC0BFAC7" blockId="55.[160,1156,1303,1397]" box="[160,910,1303,1327]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15B5C4662B5FAEDFC8BFAC7" authority="Tilbrook, 2006, p. 173" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="173" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,782,1303,1327]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="microperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4662B5FAEDFD88FAC7" box="[160,525,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Pleurocodonellina microperforata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D15B5C466003FAEDFD32FAC7" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[534,695,1303,1327]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 173
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 37C, D.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C4662B5FAC0FE9AFA9D" blockId="55.[160,1156,1303,1397]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D15B5C4662B5FAC0FC89FABA" authority=": Tilbrook et al. 2001, p. 78" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="2001" box="[160,780,1338,1362]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="signata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4662B5FAC0FE3AFABA" box="[160,447,1338,1362]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">Pleurocodonellina signata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D15B5C4663C7FAC0FD3FFABA" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[466,698,1338,1362]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 78
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D15B5C466109FAC0FC4EFABA" author="Liu X & Yin X & Ma J" box="[796,971,1338,1362]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" refId="ref63599" refString="Liu X, Yin X, Ma J. 2001. Biology of marine-fouling bryozoans in the coastal waters of China. Beijing: Science Press." type="book" year="2001">Liu et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 632, pl. 59, figs 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4662EBFAA6FE8EFA9C" box="[254,267,1372,1396]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">–</emphasis>
|
||
3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD15B5C4662B5FA49FCD8F957" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C4662B5FA49FE05FA25" blockId="55.[160,1156,1459,1727]" box="[160,384,1459,1485]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D15B5C4662B5FA49FE05FA25" box="[160,384,1459,1485]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D15B5C4662B5FA49FE05FA25" bold="true" box="[160,384,1459,1485]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D15B5C4662B5FA2DFCD8F957" blockId="55.[160,1156,1459,1727]" pageId="55" pageNumber="196">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1108 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C466342FA2DFE17FA07" box="[343,402,1495,1519]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
8), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1109 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C466191FA2DFC3BFA07" box="[900,958,1495,1519]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
40), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1110 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C4663CFFA00FD93F9FA" box="[474,534,1530,1554]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
41), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1111 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C466631FA00FBDBF9FA" box="[1060,1118,1530,1554]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
42), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1112 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C466072F9E7FD25F9DD" box="[615,672,1565,1589]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
12), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1113 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C4662B0F9C5FF58F9BF" box="[165,221,1599,1623]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
55), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1114 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C4660DDF9C5FC85F9BF" box="[712,768,1599,1623]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
56), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT- Te 1115 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C466311F998FEB9F992" box="[260,316,1634,1658]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
57), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1116 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C46610BF998FCD3F992" box="[798,854,1634,1658]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
58), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1117, two dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C46605AF97FFDF3F975" box="[591,630,1669,1693]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site; NSMT-Te 1118, six dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C466643F97FFB06F975" box="[1110,1155,1669,1693]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">MIN</collectionCode>
|
||
site;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C4662C0F95DFEA8F957" box="[213,301,1703,1727]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.40-42, three dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D15B5C4660EAF95DFCA3F957" box="[767,806,1703,1727]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="55" pageNumber="196" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1545C4962B5FB7FFC17FAA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="197" startId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" targetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" targetPageId="56">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1545C4962B5FB7FFC17FAA4" blockId="56.[160,1158,1157,1356]" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C4962B5FB7FFE8DFB74" bold="true" box="[160,264,1157,1180]" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1545C496304FB7FFD29FB74" authority="Tilbrook" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[273,684,1157,1180]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="56" pageNumber="197" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="microperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C496304FB7FFDD4FB74" box="[273,593,1157,1180]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">Pleurocodonellina microperforata</emphasis>
|
||
Tilbrook
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C4963E6FACFFD85FAA4" box="[499,512,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">–</emphasis>
|
||
c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1545C4862B5FA79FE0CFD46" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="56" pageNumber="197" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1545C4962B5FA79FEC8FA75" blockId="56.[160,1156,1411,1575]" box="[160,333,1411,1437]" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1545C4962B5FA79FEC8FA75" box="[160,333,1411,1437]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="197" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C4962B5FA79FEC8FA75" bold="true" box="[160,333,1411,1437]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1545C4962B5FA5DFC1EF9CF" blockId="56.[160,1156,1411,1575]" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">
|
||
AzL, 0.47
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C496311FA5DFE94FA57" box="[260,273,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.76 (0.585 ± 0.081); AzW, 0.25
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C496079FA5DFDFCFA57" box="[620,633,1447,1471]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.39 (0.325 ± 0.043) (n = 15, 1). OrL (including sinus), 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C49630BFA30FEAEFA0A" box="[286,299,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.15 (0.128 ± 0.010); OrW, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C496099FA30FD1CFA0A" box="[652,665,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.15 (0.125 ± 0.009) (n = 15, 1). OvL, 0.18
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C496663FA30FB06FA0A" box="[1142,1155,1482,1506]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.20 (0.186 ± 0.008); OvW, 0.19
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C496002FA16FDA1F9EC" box="[535,548,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.22 (0.206 ± 0.009) (n = 15, 1). AvRosL, 0.07
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C496652FA16FBD1F9EC" box="[1095,1108,1516,1540]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.09 (0.083 ± 0.006) (n = 15, 1). Largest colony observed
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1545C4960E3F9F5FCC3F9CF" box="[758,838,1551,1575]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="56" pageNumber="197" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1545C4962B5F99AFEA3F992" blockId="56.[160,1155,1632,1727]" box="[160,294,1632,1658]" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1545C4962B5F99AFEA3F992" box="[160,294,1632,1658]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="56" pageNumber="197" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C4962B5F99AFEA3F992" bold="true" box="[160,294,1632,1658]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1545C4862B5F97FFE0CFD46" blockId="56.[160,1155,1632,1727]" lastBlockId="57.[160,1156,142,686]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="198" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">
|
||
Colony irregular or roughly circular, forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; dried specimens light tan or tinged with light reddish brown; embryos orange. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1545C4961C9F95DFBCDF957" box="[988,1096,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1545C49664EF95DFBEDF957" box="[1115,1128,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="197">–</emphasis>
|
||
c)) delineated by flanking areolae and suture line. Frontal wall dimpled, with 8
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C4861D9FF74FC5CFF4E" box="[972,985,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">–</emphasis>
|
||
15 conspicuous areolae along each lateral margin, fewer along proximal margin. Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1555C48660EFF4BFB06FF21" box="[1051,1155,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
(d)) has anter broader than long; sinus broadly U-shaped, with nearly straight sides, or slightly drop shaped; flanked by bracket-like condyles, each having a long zone of minute denticles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1555C486307FEE3FEF8FED9" box="[274,381,281,305]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
(e)). Marginal zooids with 0
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C4860B9FEE3FD3CFED9" box="[684,697,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">–</emphasis>
|
||
2 tiny distal oral spines (evident as spine scars in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1555C4862E3FEC6FED8FEBC" box="[246,349,316,340]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)), soon covered. Peristomial rim sharp, low, continuous around orifice in both ovicelled and non-ovicelled zooids. Single avicularium proximolateral to orifice, directed proximally or less commonly proximolaterally or proximomedially; pivot bar complete; mandible short- or long-triangular, acute (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1555C48606FFE5EFD61FE54" box="[634,740,420,444]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) or rounded (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1555C4861B4FE5EFB8FFE54" box="[929,1034,420,444]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) at end. Ovicell prominent, but with increased secondary calcification can become subimmersed or even endozooidal, flush with colony surface. Ooecium is bounded proximally by raised peristomial lip; dimpled secondary calcification leaves crescentic smooth central area with many tiny, irregular pseudopores in ectooecium. Zooids interconnect by numerous uniporous septula in the distolateral and distal walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1555C4860ACFDABFCA0FD81" box="[697,805,593,617]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
(f)). Ancestrula (not shown) like autozooids, but smaller, surrounded by a distal, paired distolateral and paired proximolateral daughter zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1555C4B62B5FD16FE3CFE22" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="199" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1555C4862B5FD16FE83FCEE" blockId="57.[160,1156,748,1571]" box="[160,262,748,774]" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1555C4862B5FD16FE83FCEE" box="[160,262,748,774]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C4862B5FD16FE83FCEE" bold="true" box="[160,262,748,774]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1555C4862B5FCEAFCCBFAD8" blockId="57.[160,1156,748,1571]" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">
|
||
A similar species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C48637FFCEAFCB5FCC0" authority="(Waters, 1889)" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[362,816,784,808]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="signata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C48637FFCEAFD00FCC0" box="[362,645,784,808]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Pleurocodonellina signata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1555C486081FCEAFCA2FCC0" author="Waters AW" box="[660,807,784,808]" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref66013" refString="Waters AW. 1889. Bryozoa from New South Wales. Part IV. Ann Mag Nat His (Ser 6). 4: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1889">Waters, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was once regarded as nearly circumtropical on shallow reefs.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1555C486001FCC9FD45FCA3" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[532,704,819,843]" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguished two new morphospecies similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C486304FCAFFEF8FC85" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[273,381,853,877]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="signata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C486304FCAFFEF8FC85" box="[273,381,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">P. signata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1555C4863C5FCAFFD09FC85" box="[464,652,853,877]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, describing them as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C486162FCAFFBB0FC85" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[887,1077,853,877]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="microperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C486162FCAFFBB0FC85" box="[887,1077,853,877]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">P. microperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C486665FCAFFECFFC78" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="macroperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C486665FCAFFECFFC78" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">P. macroperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We identified our material as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C4860B6FC82FCE2FC78" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[675,871,888,912]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="microperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C4860B6FC82FCE2FC78" box="[675,871,888,912]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">M. microperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of the often nearly square orificial sinus (not markedly drop shaped); the small suboral avicularium proximolateral to the orifice, usually with a triangular mandible; and small pseudopores in the ooecium. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C48636FFC1AFD6CFC10" box="[378,745,992,1016]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="microporforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C48636FFC1AFD6CFC10" box="[378,745,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Pleurocodonellina microporforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1555C48614BFC1AFB92FC10" box="[862,1047,992,1016]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1555C486633FC1AFF52FBF3" author="Tilbrook KJ" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), zooids can have single or paired avicularia (we observed only single avicularia), and the avicularia are usually directed proximolaterally (in our specimens, they are quite often directed proximally). Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C48600FFBB2FD0DFB88" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1889" box="[538,648,1096,1120]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="signata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C48600FFBB2FD0DFB88" box="[538,648,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">P. signata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C4860DDFBB2FC15FB88" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[712,912,1096,1120]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="macroperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C4860DDFBB2FC15FB88" box="[712,912,1096,1120]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">P. macroperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C486635FBB2FE82FB6B" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="microporforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C486635FBB2FE82FB6B" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">P. microporforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in tending to have longer avicularia and a drop-shaped rather than a parallelsided orificial sinus, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C4863A2FB77FDFAFB4D" box="[439,639,1165,1189]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="macroporforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C4863A2FB77FDFAFB4D" box="[439,639,1165,1189]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">P. macroporforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has larger pseudopores in the ooecium. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C486665FB77FF75FB20" baseAuthorityName="Waters" baseAuthorityYear="1889" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="signata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C486665FB77FF75FB20" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">P. signata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the proximolateral-oral avicularia are enlarged in some zooids, reaching up to two-thirds the zooid length; in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C486011FB29FD50FB03" box="[516,725,1235,1259]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="macroperforatea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C486011FB29FD50FB03" box="[516,725,1235,1259]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">P. macroperforatea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the proximolateral-oral avicularia are single, invariably directed proximomedially, and sometimes replaced by a large, spatulate avicularium reaching up to two-thirds the zooid length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1555C4862D5FAC1FBF3F9CB" blockId="57.[160,1156,748,1571]" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">
|
||
One specimen from the SES site (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1555C486050FAC1FD34FABB" box="[581,689,1339,1363]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="56.[160,225,1157,1180]" captionTargetBox="[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[178,1138,142,1126]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 18. Pleurocodonellina microperforata Tilbrook: (a) NSMT-Te 1108, marginal autozooids showing one or two distal oral spine scars; (b) NSMT-Te 1108, ovicelled autozooids; (c) NSMT-Te 1112, ovicelled autozooids, with blunt suboral avicularia and larger pseudopores in ooecia; (d) NSMT-Te 1108, primary orifice, with sides of oral sinus nearly perpendicular; (e) NSMT-Te 1110, enlargement of orifice showing condylar denticulation; (f) NSMT-Te 1114, marginal autozooids, showing distribution of uniporous septula in vertical walls. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars: a–c, f = 300 µm; d = 100 µm; e = 30 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994847" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994847/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Figure 18</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) is atypical; compared to other specimens, the avicularia are more rounded distally, the pseudopores in the ooecium appear larger and the oral sinus tends to be drop-shaped. While this specimen could represent another species, it is not clear that this is the case: the avicularia are similar in size range and position to those in other colonies, and the condylar denticulation is the same. Furthermore, there is intracolony variation in other colonies in the shape of the oral sinus (sometimes it is drop shaped) and shape of the mandible (sometimes rounded).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1555C4862B5F99AFEA1F992" blockId="57.[160,1156,1632,1727]" box="[160,292,1632,1658]" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1555C4862B5F99AFEA1F992" box="[160,292,1632,1658]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C4862B5F99AFEA1F992" bold="true" box="[160,292,1632,1658]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1555C4862B5F97FFB06F957" blockId="57.[160,1156,1632,1727]" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">
|
||
This species was common at the SES and MIN sites (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C695036FD1555C486113F97FFCDEF975" box="[774,859,1669,1693]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="7.[160,216,142,165]" captionText="Table 1. Relative abundance, local occurrence and status in Japan for rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoan species detected in west-central Okinawa, Japan." pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1555C486167F97FFE80F957" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Pleurocodonellina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="57" pageNumber="198" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="microperforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1555C486167F97FFE80F957" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="198">Pleurocodonellina microperforata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is broadly distributed in the subtropical to tropical western Pacific, previously
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B62B5FF74FF61FF21" blockId="58.[160,1155,142,201]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
known from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1565C4B634BFF74FD9CFF4E" box="[350,537,142,166]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1565C4B6031FF74FD01FF4E" box="[548,644,142,166]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the East and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1565C4B618AFF74FC5AFF4E" box="[927,991,142,166]" name="China" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Seas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1565C4B6633FF74FF52FF21" author="Tilbrook KJ" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B63F1FF09FCE5FEE4" blockId="58.[447,868,243,337]" box="[484,864,243,268]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1565C4B6022FF09FCE5FEE4" authority="Norman, 1903 b" authorityName="Norman" authorityYear="1903" box="[567,864,243,268]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B6022FF09FD1BFEE4" bold="true" box="[567,670,243,268]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Smittina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1565C4B60BDFF09FCE5FEE4" author="Norman CAM" box="[680,864,243,268]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" pagination="81 - 128" refId="ref64029" refString="Norman CAM. 1903 b. Notes on the natural history of East Finmark, Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 7. 12: 81 - 128, pls. 8 - 9." type="journal article" year="1903">Norman, 1903b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B63AAFEEFFCE1FEC6" blockId="58.[447,868,243,337]" box="[447,868,277,302]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1565C4B63AAFEEFFCE1FEC6" authority="(Hincks, 1880)" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[447,868,277,302]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nitidissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B63AAFEEFFD30FEC6" bold="true" box="[447,693,277,302]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" reason="3">Smittina nitidissima</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1565C4B60D1FEEFFCDEFEC6" author="Hincks T" box="[708,859,277,302]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" pagination="69 - 92" refId="ref62621" refString="Hincks T. 1880. Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 5. 6: 69 - 92, Plates 9 - 11." type="journal article" year="1880">Hincks, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B6026FEC2FD75FEB9" blockId="58.[447,868,243,337]" box="[563,752,312,337]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1565C4B602EFEC2FD28FEB9" box="[571,685,312,337]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="58.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,929,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[177,1138,929,1585]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 19. (a, b) Smittina nitidissima (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1119: (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with 0–2 lateral oral avicularia. (c, d) Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule, NSMT-Te 1120: (c) zooids at colony margin; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994849/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||
(a, b))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B62B5FE97FD65FE6D" blockId="58.[160,1155,365,458]" box="[160,736,365,389]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1565C4B62B5FE97FDCDFE6D" authority="Hincks, 1880, p. 78" authorityName="Hincks" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1880" box="[160,584,365,389]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Bryocryptellidae" genus="Porella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nitidissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B62B5FE97FEE2FE6D" box="[160,359,365,389]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Porella nitidissima</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1565C4B6365FE97FE7AFE6D" author="Hincks T" box="[368,511,365,389]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" pagination="69 - 92" refId="ref62621" refString="Hincks T. 1880. Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 5. 6: 69 - 92, Plates 9 - 11." type="journal article" year="1880">Hincks, 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 78
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 10, fig. 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B62B5FE75FE3CFE22" blockId="58.[160,1155,365,458]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1565C4B62B5FE75FD6EFE4F" authority=": Harmelin et al. 2009, p. 180" authorityName="Harmelin" authorityPageNumber="180" authorityYear="2009" box="[160,747,399,423]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nitidissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B62B5FE75FEF8FE4F" box="[160,381,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Smittina nitidissima</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1565C4B6387FE75FD0CFE4F" author="Harmelin J-G & Bitar G & Zibrowius H" box="[402,649,399,423]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" pagination="163 - 187" refId="ref62145" refString="Harmelin J-G, Bitar G, Zibrowius H. 2009. Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from coastal habitats of Lebanon (Mediterranean Sea), including new and non-indigenous species. Zoosystema. 31: 163 - 187." type="journal article" year="2009">Harmelin et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 180
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 8(a
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B615AFE75FCD9FE4F" box="[847,860,399,423]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">–</emphasis>
|
||
f) (see this reference for additional synonyms).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1565C4B62B5FE00FD3CFDDE" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B62B5FE00FE05FDFC" blockId="58.[160,697,506,566]" box="[160,384,506,532]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1565C4B62B5FE00FE05FDFC" box="[160,384,506,532]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B62B5FE00FE05FDFC" bold="true" box="[160,384,506,532]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B62B5FDE4FD3CFDDE" blockId="58.[160,697,506,566]" box="[160,697,542,566]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1119 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1565C4B6346FDE4FE0BFDDE" box="[339,398,542,566]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15598" name="University of Minnesota" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" type="Herbarium">MIN-</collectionCode>
|
||
2), bleached, on SEM stub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1565C4A62B5FD9CFC57FDCC" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B62B5FD9CFEC8FD68" blockId="58.[160,1156,614,744]" box="[160,333,614,640]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1565C4B62B5FD9CFEC8FD68" box="[160,333,614,640]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B62B5FD9CFEC8FD68" bold="true" box="[160,333,614,640]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B62B5FD71FC79FD00" blockId="58.[160,1156,614,744]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
AzL, 0.42
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B6311FD70FE94FD4A" box="[260,273,650,674]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.63 (0.55 ± 0.059); AzW, 0.26
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B604EFD70FDEDFD4A" box="[603,616,650,674]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.41 (0.32 ± 0.044) (n = 15, 1). SecOrL, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B6652FD70FBD1FD4A" box="[1095,1108,650,674]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.15 (0.12 ± 0.011); SecOrW, 0.11
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B63CCFD57FE63FD2D" box="[473,486,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.14 (0.12 ± 0.009) (n = 15, 1). OvL, 0.18
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B61B7FD57FC2AFD2D" box="[930,943,685,709]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.22 (0.20 ± 0.015); OvW, 0.22
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B6306FD2AFEA5FD00" box="[275,288,720,744]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.28 (0.25 ± 0.014) (n = 15, 1). Single colony,
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1565C4B6132FD2AFCEFFD00" box="[807,874,720,744]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B62B5FCEDFEA3FCD9" blockId="58.[160,1155,791,887]" box="[160,294,791,817]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1565C4B62B5FCEDFEA3FCD9" box="[160,294,791,817]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B62B5FCEDFEA3FCD9" bold="true" box="[160,294,791,817]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4A62B5FCC6FC57FDCC" blockId="58.[160,1155,791,887]" lastBlockId="59.[160,1156,142,548]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="200" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1565C4B6155FCC6FC35FCBC" box="[832,944,828,852]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="58.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,929,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[177,1138,929,1585]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 19. (a, b) Smittina nitidissima (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1119: (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with 0–2 lateral oral avicularia. (c, d) Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule, NSMT-Te 1120: (c) zooids at colony margin; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994849/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) delineated by groove and suture line. Frontal wall convex, weakly rugose, covered with small pseudopores; with a few small areolae along lateral and proximal margins. In older zooids, pseudopores can form a trabecular network in the thickened secondary calcification. Primary orifice immersed; D-shaped, with very broad, alate lyrula; condyles blunt, weakly developed, proximolateral to lyrular alae. Ovicelled zooids have a median suboral avicularium inside peristome; rostrum perpendicular or angled to frontal surface; spatulate, with serrate edge distally. Most zooids have one or two additional avicularia on peristomial rim lateral to orifice, similar in size and shape to median avicularium, rostrum angled to frontal plane and directed proximolaterally. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1575C4A614EFE7BFC43FE71" box="[859,966,385,409]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="58.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,929,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[177,1138,929,1585]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 19. (a, b) Smittina nitidissima (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1119: (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with 0–2 lateral oral avicularia. (c, d) Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule, NSMT-Te 1120: (c) zooids at colony margin; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994849/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||
(b)) hyperstomial in young zooids, becoming subimmersed or sometimes endozooidal with age, when secondary calcification covers ooecium (except for pseudopores); ooecium is uniformly covered with around 12 circular to irregular pseudopores; secondary calcification forms thin, raised lip along proximal ooecial margin. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1565C4B62B5F9AAFC6BF957" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994849" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994849/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" startId="58.[160,225,1616,1639]" targetBox="[177,1137,929,1585]" targetPageId="58">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1565C4B62B5F9AAFC6BF957" blockId="58.[160,1157,1616,1727]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B62B5F9AAFE8CF98F" bold="true" box="[160,265,1616,1639]" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
(a, b)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1565C4B6345F9AAFDECF98F" authority="(Hincks)" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1880" box="[336,617,1616,1639]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="nitidissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B6345F9AAFD95F98F" box="[336,528,1616,1639]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Smittina nitidissima</emphasis>
|
||
(Hincks)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1119: (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with 0
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B63D7F997FE4AF96C" box="[450,463,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">–</emphasis>
|
||
2 lateral oral avicularia. (c, d)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1565C4B611AF997FB04F96C" authority="Soule and Soule" authorityName="Soule and Soule" box="[783,1153,1645,1668]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="58" pageNumber="199" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1565C4B611AF997FC4FF96C" box="[783,970,1645,1668]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="199">Smittoidea pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
Soule and Soule
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1120: (c) zooids at colony margin; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1575C4A62B5FDA8FEF6FABE" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5FDA8FE83FD84" blockId="59.[160,1155,594,724]" box="[160,262,594,620]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1575C4A62B5FDA8FE83FD84" box="[160,262,594,620]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A62B5FDA8FE83FD84" bold="true" box="[160,262,594,620]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5FD8DFBB0FD3C" blockId="59.[160,1155,594,724]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A62B5FD8DFE1CFD67" author="Harmelin J-G & Bitar G & Zibrowius H" box="[160,409,631,655]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" pagination="163 - 187" refId="ref62145" refString="Harmelin J-G, Bitar G, Zibrowius H. 2009. Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from coastal habitats of Lebanon (Mediterranean Sea), including new and non-indigenous species. Zoosystema. 31: 163 - 187." type="journal article" year="2009">Harmelin et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provided a good description of this species based on Lebanese material and reviewed various previous records worldwide. Zooids in our specimen have a broader lyrula than in the Lebanese material, but other characters match well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5FCF8FEA1FCF4" blockId="59.[160,1156,770,1039]" box="[160,292,770,796]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1575C4A62B5FCF8FEA1FCF4" box="[160,292,770,796]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A62B5FCF8FEA1FCF4" bold="true" box="[160,292,770,796]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5FCDDFF74FBE7" blockId="59.[160,1156,770,1039]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
We found a single colony at the MIN site. This species was originally described from Madeira (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A631CFCB0FE11FC8A" author="Hincks T" box="[265,404,842,866]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" pagination="69 - 92" refId="ref62621" refString="Hincks T. 1880. Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Ann Mag Nat Hist Ser 5. 6: 69 - 92, Plates 9 - 11." type="journal article" year="1880">Hincks 1880</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A63BCFCB0FD1BFC8A" author="Harmelin J-G & Bitar G & Zibrowius H" box="[425,670,842,866]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" pagination="163 - 187" refId="ref62145" refString="Harmelin J-G, Bitar G, Zibrowius H. 2009. Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from coastal habitats of Lebanon (Mediterranean Sea), including new and non-indigenous species. Zoosystema. 31: 163 - 187." type="journal article" year="2009">Harmelin et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered there to be valid records from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1575C4A62B5FC96FF5AFC6C" box="[160,223,876,900]" name="Brazil" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the Mediterranean, West Africa and the Red Sea, and suggested that the small colony size and typically abundant ovicells might facilitate dispersal on ships. These authors also noted, however, the alternative possibility that scattered, geographically disjunct populations might constitute a species complex distributed globally in warm waters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A63F4FBC3FCE4FBBA" blockId="59.[402,913,1081,1175]" box="[481,865,1081,1106]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1575C4A6020FBC3FCE4FBBA" authority="Osburn, 1952" authorityName="Osburn" authorityYear="1952" box="[565,865,1081,1106]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A6020FBC3FD3FFBBA" bold="true" box="[565,698,1081,1106]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">Smittoidea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A60D6FBC3FCE4FBBA" author="Osburn RC" box="[707,865,1081,1106]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref64248" refString="Osburn RC. 1952. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of North America. Part 2, Cheilostomata-Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pac Exped. 14: 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A6387FBA6FC14FB9D" blockId="59.[402,913,1081,1175]" box="[402,913,1115,1141]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1575C4A6387FBA6FC14FB9D" authority="Soule and Soule, 1973" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityYear="1973" box="[402,913,1115,1141]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A6387FBA6FDFBFB9D" bold="true" box="[402,638,1115,1141]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" reason="3">Smittoidea pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A6092FBA6FC14FB9D" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[647,913,1116,1141]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A6021FB84FD6AFB7F" blockId="59.[402,913,1081,1175]" box="[564,751,1150,1175]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1575C4A6029FB84FD2BFB7F" box="[572,686,1150,1175]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="58.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,929,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[177,1138,929,1585]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 19. (a, b) Smittina nitidissima (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1119: (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with 0–2 lateral oral avicularia. (c, d) Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule, NSMT-Te 1120: (c) zooids at colony margin; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994849/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5FB49FCD7FB23" blockId="59.[160,1155,1203,1366]" box="[160,850,1203,1227]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1575C4A62B5FB49FD55FB23" authority="Soule and Soule, 1973, p. 380" authorityName="Soule and Soule" authorityPageNumber="380" authorityYear="1973" box="[160,720,1203,1227]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A62B5FB49FEF4FB23" box="[160,369,1203,1227]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">Smittoidea pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A636FFB49FDFDFB23" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[378,632,1203,1227]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 380
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 1(e
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A613CFB49FCB3FB23" box="[809,822,1203,1227]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">–</emphasis>
|
||
h).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5FB2CFD5AFAF9" blockId="59.[160,1155,1203,1366]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1575C4A62B5FB2CFD7EFB06" authority=": Ryland and Hayward 1992, p. 268" authorityName="Ryland and Hayward" authorityPageNumber="268" authorityYear="1992" box="[160,763,1237,1262]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A62B5FB2CFEF5FB06" box="[160,368,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">Smittoidea pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A636BFB2CFD20FB06" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[382,677,1238,1262]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 268
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 24(e, f).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A619CFB2CFBE4FB06" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[905,1121,1238,1262]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 78, fig. 18(e).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A634EFB03FE73FAF9" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[347,502,1273,1297]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 177, fig. 38(a, b).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5FAE1FEF6FABE" blockId="59.[160,1155,1203,1366]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D3F836D1575C4A62B5FAE1FF4CFADB" box="[160,201,1307,1331]" country="Maldives" name="Uthuru" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">Not</collectingRegion>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1575C4A62C4FAE1FD4DFADB" authority=": Rho and Kim 1981, p. 65" authorityName=": Rho and Kim" authorityPageNumber="65" authorityYear="1981" box="[209,712,1307,1331]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A62C4FAE1FE27FADB" box="[209,418,1307,1331]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">Smittoidea pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A63BAFAE1FD05FADB" author="Rho BJ & Kim HK" box="[431,640,1307,1331]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref64593" refString="Rho BJ, Kim HK. 1981. A study on the marine bryozoans in Korea 3. Stenolaemata and Gymnolaemata. J Kor Res Inst Bett Liv. 27: 57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1981">Rho and Kim 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 65
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 5, figs 4 and 5.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1575C4A61B0FAE1FB88FADB" author="Seo JE" box="[933,1037,1307,1331]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" refId="ref65093" refString="Seo JE. 2005. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea. Vol. 40. Bryozoa: Seoul: Daehon Printing & Publishing. Korean." type="book" year="2005">Seo 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 416, pl 142(b) and 143.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1575C4A62B5FA7EFD45FA0C" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5FA7EFE05FA76" blockId="59.[160,1156,1412,1508]" box="[160,384,1412,1438]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1575C4A62B5FA7EFE05FA76" box="[160,384,1412,1438]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A62B5FA7EFE05FA76" bold="true" box="[160,384,1412,1438]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5FA53FD45FA0C" blockId="59.[160,1156,1412,1508]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1120 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1575C4A6344FA53FE0CFA29" box="[337,393,1449,1473]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
4), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1121, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1575C4A6632FA53FBCBFA29" box="[1063,1102,1449,1473]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site;
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1575C4A62B5FA36FE81FA0C" box="[160,260,1484,1508]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">NSMT-TE</collectionCode>
|
||
1122 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1575C4A6347FA36FE0FFA0C" box="[338,394,1484,1508]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
53), bleached, on SEM stub.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1575C4D62B5F9E8FCE2FD12" lastPageId="60" lastPageNumber="201" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5F9E8FEC8F9C4" blockId="59.[160,1156,1554,1684]" box="[160,333,1554,1580]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1575C4A62B5F9E8FEC8F9C4" box="[160,333,1554,1580]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A62B5F9E8FEC8F9C4" bold="true" box="[160,333,1554,1580]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1575C4A62B5F9CDFB01F97C" blockId="59.[160,1156,1554,1684]" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">
|
||
AzL, 0.48
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A631FF9CDFE92F9A7" box="[266,279,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.67 (0.549 ± 0.057); AzW, 0.28
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A6085F9CDFD18F9A7" box="[656,669,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.45 (0.344 ± 0.046) (n = 15, 1). SecOrL (including sinus), 0.14
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A638DF9A3FE20F999" box="[408,421,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.19 (0.152 ± 0.013); SecOrW, 0.12
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A613BF9A3FCBEF999" box="[814,827,1625,1649]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.15 (0.130 ± 0.008) (n = 15, 1). AvRosL, 0.09
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A6345F986FED8F97C" box="[336,349,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.16 (0.136 ± 0.024); AvRosW, 0.04
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1575C4A60CAF986FD69F97C" box="[735,748,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="200">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.06 (0.052 ± 0.006) (n = 15, 1). OvL,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D62B5FF74FE33FF21" blockId="60.[160,1155,142,201]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
0.13
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D62DAFF74FF59FF4E" box="[207,220,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.17 (0.152 ± 0.012); OvW, 0.20
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D605AFF74FDD9FF4E" box="[591,604,142,166]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.25 (0.225 ± 0.020) (n = 8, 1). Largest colony observed
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1505C4D6305FF4BFEE4FF21" box="[272,353,177,201]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
across.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D62B5FF01FEA3FEFD" blockId="60.[160,1156,251,762]" box="[160,294,251,277]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1505C4D62B5FF01FEA3FEFD" box="[160,294,251,277]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D62B5FF01FEA3FEFD" bold="true" box="[160,294,251,277]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D62B5FEE5FCE2FD12" blockId="60.[160,1156,251,762]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
Colony irregularly circular, forming an encrusting, unilaminar sheet; off- white, with glistening ectocyst. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1505C4D63F1FEB8FDD4FEB2" box="[484,593,322,346]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="58.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,929,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[177,1138,929,1585]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 19. (a, b) Smittina nitidissima (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1119: (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with 0–2 lateral oral avicularia. (c, d) Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule, NSMT-Te 1120: (c) zooids at colony margin; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994849/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||
(c)) delineated by line of calcification flanked by columns of areolae. Frontal wall convex, tuberculate; each lateral margin with up to 12 small, circular areolar openings. Primary orifice deeply immersed, broader than long, with broad, moderately high, alate lyrula occupying most of proximal margin. Condyles small, rounded on each side at level of top of lyrula; close to alae, delineating a roughly circular sinus on each side. Peristome raised, complete; secondary orifice with deep proximal pseudosinus. Pair of tiny pseudopores proximolateral to peristomial sinus, probably associated with avicularian chamber. Single median avicularium proximal to orifice; rostrum slightly raised from frontal surface, directed proximally; mandible longtriangular, acute; crossbar complete. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1505C4D60AEFD80FCA8FD7A" box="[699,813,634,658]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="58.[160,225,1616,1639]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,929,1585]" captionTargetId="figure@58.[177,1138,929,1585]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 19. (a, b) Smittina nitidissima (Hincks), NSMT-Te 1119: (a) autozooids at colony margin; (b) ovicelled autozooids, with 0–2 lateral oral avicularia. (c, d) Smittoidea pacifica Soule and Soule, NSMT-Te 1120: (c) zooids at colony margin; (d) ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994849" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994849/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">Figure 19</figureCitation>
|
||
(c, d)) endozooidal. Ooecium broader than long; transverse central area of ectooecium free of secondary calcification and covered with minute pseudopores. Peristome extends continuously across proximal part of ooecium. Oral spines lacking. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1505C4D62B5FCD6FCA6F957" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D62B5FCD6FE83FCAE" blockId="60.[160,1156,812,1150]" box="[160,262,812,838]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1505C4D62B5FCD6FE83FCAE" box="[160,262,812,838]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D62B5FCD6FE83FCAE" bold="true" box="[160,262,812,838]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D62B5FCABFD28FB96" blockId="60.[160,1156,812,1150]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
Our material matches well the original description of this species from Oahu, Hawaiian archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D6326FC89FDB5FC63" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[307,560,883,907]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and except for having slightly larger zooid size, is virtually indistinguishable from material from the Great Barrier Reef (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D61EFFC6CFEC3FC39" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Material from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1505C4D6023FC43FD77FC39" box="[566,754,953,977]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D6111FC43FC6FFC39" author="Tilbrook KJ & Hayward PJ & Gordon DP" box="[772,1002,953,977]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" pagination="35 - 109" refId="ref65953" refString="Tilbrook KJ, Hayward PJ, Gordon DP. 2001. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from Vanuatu. Zool J Linn Soc Lond. 131: 35 - 109." type="journal article" year="2001">Tilbrook et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is similar in most characters, except that zooids have much larger areolar openings relative to zooid size. Korean material reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1505C4D600DFC04FD03FBFE" authorityName=": Rho and Kim" authorityYear="1981" box="[536,646,1022,1046]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D600DFC04FD03FBFE" box="[536,646,1022,1046]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">S. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D6086FC04FCE1FBFE" author="Rho BJ & Kim HK" box="[659,868,1022,1046]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" pagination="57 - 80" refId="ref64593" refString="Rho BJ, Kim HK. 1981. A study on the marine bryozoans in Korea 3. Stenolaemata and Gymnolaemata. J Kor Res Inst Bett Liv. 27: 57 - 80." type="journal article" year="1981">Rho and Kim 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D6164FC04FC5DFBFE" author="Seo JE" box="[881,984,1022,1046]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" refId="ref65093" refString="Seo JE. 2005. Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna & flora of Korea. Vol. 40. Bryozoa: Seoul: Daehon Printing & Publishing. Korean." type="book" year="2005">Seo 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) appears to be another species; compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1505C4D63E2FBDBFDE0FBD1" authorityName=": Rho and Kim" authorityYear="1981" box="[503,613,1056,1081]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D63E2FBDBFDE0FBD1" box="[503,613,1056,1081]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">S. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, zooids have a much larger median avicularium with a wider, non-acute mandible; the areolae are proportionally much larger; and the pseudopores in the ooecium are much larger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D62B5FB4AFEA1FB22" blockId="60.[160,1156,1200,1469]" box="[160,292,1200,1226]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1505C4D62B5FB4AFEA1FB22" box="[160,292,1200,1226]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D62B5FB4AFEA1FB22" bold="true" box="[160,292,1200,1226]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D62B5FB2FFB9EFA55" blockId="60.[160,1156,1200,1469]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
We found five colonies at the SES site.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D6048FB2FFCE6FB05" author="Soule DF & Soule JD" box="[605,867,1237,1261]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" pagination="365 - 440" refId="ref65270" refString="Soule DF, Soule JD. 1973. Morphology and speciation of Hawaiian and eastern Pacific Smittinidae (Bryozoa, Ectoprocta). Bull Am Mus Nat Hist. 152: 365 - 440." type="journal article" year="1973">Soule and Soule (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that at least some of the material they examined from the Galapagos Islands appeared identical to Hawaiian material, but observed six oral spines on a zooid in one specimen, indicating a species other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1505C4D6381FAC7FDE3FABD" authorityName=": Rho and Kim" authorityYear="1981" box="[404,614,1340,1365]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D6381FAC7FDE3FABD" box="[404,614,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">Smittoidea pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D6060FAC7FC3EFABD" author="Ryland JS & Hayward PJ" box="[629,955,1341,1365]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" pagination="223 - 301" refId="ref64820" refString="Ryland JS, Hayward PJ. 1992. Bryozoa from Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef. Mem Queensland Mus. 32: 223 - 301." type="journal article" year="1992">Ryland and Hayward (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
expressed doubt whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1505C4D6310FAA5FEF6FA9F" authorityName=": Rho and Kim" authorityYear="1981" box="[261,371,1375,1399]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D6310FAA5FEF6FA9F" box="[261,371,1375,1399]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">S. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs at all in the Galapagos or, by extension, in the eastern Pacific. We consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1505C4D6327FA78FE1AFA72" authorityName=": Rho and Kim" authorityYear="1981" box="[306,415,1410,1434]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Smittoidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D6327FA78FE1AFA72" box="[306,415,1410,1434]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">S. pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be distributed in the subtropical to tropical, central to western Pacific, with records from Hawaii,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1505C4D6036FA5FFD06FA55" box="[547,643,1445,1469]" name="Vanuatu" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">Vanuatu</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1505C4D60A8FA5FFCF3FA55" box="[701,886,1445,1469]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Okinawa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D63A0FA06FC0BF9FD" blockId="60.[421,910,1532,1661]" box="[437,910,1532,1557]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1505C4D601EFA06FC0BF9FD" authority="Harmer, 1957" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[523,910,1532,1557]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="family">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D601EFA06FD61F9FD" bold="true" box="[523,740,1532,1557]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">LANCEOPORIDAE</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D60FBFA06FC0BF9FD" author="Harmer SF" box="[750,910,1532,1557]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" pagination="42 - 74" refId="ref62331" refString="Harmer SF. 1957. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 4, Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Exped. 28 d: 641 - 1147, Plates 42 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D63D6F9E4FCE5F9DF" blockId="60.[421,910,1532,1661]" box="[451,864,1566,1591]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
Genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1505C4D6003F9E4FCE5F9DF" authority="Harmer, 1957" authorityName="Harmer" authorityYear="1957" box="[534,864,1566,1591]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" genus="Calyptotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D6003F9E4FD3DF9DF" bold="true" box="[534,696,1566,1591]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">Calyptotheca</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D60D4F9E4FCE5F9DF" author="Harmer SF" box="[705,864,1566,1591]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" pagination="42 - 74" refId="ref62331" refString="Harmer SF. 1957. The Polyzoa of the Siboga expedition, part 4, Cheilostomata Ascophora II. Siboga Exped. 28 d: 641 - 1147, Plates 42 - 74." type="book chapter" year="1957">Harmer, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D63B0F9BBFCFBF9B2" blockId="60.[421,910,1532,1661]" box="[421,894,1601,1626]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1505C4D63B0F9BBFCFBF9B2" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[421,894,1601,1626]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" genus="Calyptotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D63B0F9BBFD48F9B2" bold="true" box="[421,717,1601,1626]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" reason="3">Calyptotheca reniformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D60C3F9BBFCFBF9B2" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[726,894,1601,1626]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D6056F99EFD64F995" blockId="60.[421,910,1532,1661]" box="[579,737,1636,1661]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1505C4D605EF99EFD39F995" box="[587,700,1636,1661]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="61.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 20. (a) Calyptotheca reniformis Tilbrook, 2006, NSMT-Te 1125, ovicelled and several nonovicelled autozooids. (b–d) Calyptotheca sesokoensis sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1128 (holotype): (b) autozooids at colony margin; (c) autozooids, one with rare lateral-oral avicularium; (d) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994851/files/figure.png" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||
(a))
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1505C4D62B5F95DFCA6F957" blockId="60.[160,803,1703,1727]" box="[160,803,1703,1727]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1505C4D62B5F95DFD20F957" authority="Tilbrook, 2006, p. 228" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityPageNumber="228" authorityYear="2006" box="[160,677,1703,1727]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" genus="Calyptotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D62B5F95DFE21F957" box="[160,420,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">Calyptotheca reniformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1505C4D63B8F95DFDCBF957" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[429,590,1703,1727]" pageId="60" pageNumber="201" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 228
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 50A
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1505C4D6115F95DFC88F957" box="[768,781,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="201">–</emphasis>
|
||
C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF68665CD1515C4C62B5FCC7FEF2FC22" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994851" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3994851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994851/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" startId="61.[160,225,829,852]" targetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" targetPageId="61">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1515C4C62B5FCC7FEF2FC22" blockId="61.[160,1157,829,970]" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C62B5FCC7FE89FCBC" bold="true" box="[160,268,829,852]" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
||
(a)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1515C4C632CFCC7FD38FCBC" authority="Tilbrook, 2006" authorityName="Tilbrook" authorityYear="2006" box="[313,701,829,852]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" genus="Calyptotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="reniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C632CFCC7FDA5FCBC" box="[313,544,829,852]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">Calyptotheca reniformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1515C4C6039FCC7FD38FCBC" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[556,701,829,852]" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1125, ovicelled and several nonovicelled autozooids. (b
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C6384FCA0FE1BFC99" box="[401,414,858,881]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">–</emphasis>
|
||
d)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1515C4C63A9FCA1FD2AFC9A" authority="Dick & Grischenko, 2016" authorityName="Dick & Grischenko" authorityYear="2016" box="[444,687,859,882]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lanceoporidae" genus="Calyptotheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="sesokoensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C63A9FCA1FD2AFC9A" box="[444,687,859,882]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">Calyptotheca sesokoensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25057BDD1515C4C60AFFCA1FC89FC9A" box="[698,780,859,882]" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, NSMT-Te 1128 (holotype): (b) autozooids at colony margin; (c) autozooids, one with rare lateral-oral avicularium; (d) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1515C4C62B5FBEEFE44FB51" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1515C4C62B5FBEEFE05FBC6" blockId="61.[160,1156,1044,1209]" box="[160,384,1044,1070]" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1515C4C62B5FBEEFE05FBC6" box="[160,384,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C62B5FBEEFE05FBC6" bold="true" box="[160,384,1044,1070]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" reason="3">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1515C4C62B5FBC3FE44FB51" blockId="61.[160,1156,1044,1209]" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">
|
||
NSMT-Te 1125 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1515C4C6345FBC3FE0DFBB9" box="[336,392,1081,1105]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" type="Herbarium">SES-</collectionCode>
|
||
5), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1126, two dried specimens,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1515C4C6649FBC3FB06FBB9" box="[1116,1155,1081,1105]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site; NSMT-Te 1127 (REEF-2), bleached, on SEM stub; NSMT-Te 1101, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1515C4C6649FBA6FB06FB9C" box="[1116,1155,1116,1140]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1515C4C630EFB84FE79FB7E" authorityName=": Scholz" authorityYear="1991" box="[283,508,1150,1174]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Smittinidae" genus="Parasmittina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="serrula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C630EFB84FE79FB7E" box="[283,508,1150,1174]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">Parasmittina serrula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1515C4C6003FB84FDEBFB7E" box="[534,622,1150,1174]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
2016.5.13.72, dried specimen,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED06AE11D1515C4C61F4FB84FB8DFB7E" box="[993,1032,1150,1174]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14095" name="Southeastern Shanxi Teachers School" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" type="Herbarium">SES</collectionCode>
|
||
site (with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C174D57D1515C4C62B5FB5BFE31FB51" baseAuthorityName="Scholz" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[160,436,1185,1209]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Torquatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="duolamellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C62B5FB5BFE31FB51" box="[160,436,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">Torquatella duolamellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1515C4F62B5FB0FFDE8FEBC" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1515C4C62B5FB0FFEC8FAE7" blockId="61.[160,1155,1269,1433]" box="[160,333,1269,1295]" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1515C4C62B5FB0FFEC8FAE7" box="[160,333,1269,1295]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C62B5FB0FFEC8FAE7" bold="true" box="[160,333,1269,1295]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" reason="3">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1515C4C62B5FAE3FB06FA71" blockId="61.[160,1155,1269,1433]" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">
|
||
AzL, 0.39
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C62EAFAE3FE89FAD9" box="[255,268,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.58 (0.473 ± 0.042); AzW, 0.27
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C6040FAE3FDE7FAD9" box="[597,610,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.39 (0.330 ± 0.029) (n = 20, 1). AzOrL,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1515C4C6616FAE3FBB8FAD9" box="[1027,1085,1305,1329]" degrees="0.089" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="0.089">0.089</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1515C4C6629FAE3FB06FAD9" box="[1084,1155,1305,1329]" degrees="0.110" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="-0.11">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C6629FAE3FBCCFAD9" box="[1084,1097,1305,1329]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.110
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.099 ± 0.007); AzOrW,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1515C4C63B2FAC6FE64FABC" box="[423,481,1340,1364]" degrees="0.083" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="0.083">0.083</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1515C4C63F4FAC6FDA2FABC" box="[481,551,1340,1364]" degrees="0.114" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="-0.114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C63F4FAC6FE6BFABC" box="[481,494,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.114
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.106 ± 0.009) (n = 12, 1). OvZOrL (secondary),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1515C4C6629FAC6FBF3FABC" box="[1084,1142,1340,1364]" degrees="0.096" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="0.096">0.096</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE235013D1515C4C6663FAC6FF5FFA9F" degrees="0.114" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" precision="55" value="-0.114">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C6663FAC6FB06FABC" box="[1142,1155,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.114
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(0.103 ± 0.006); OvZOrW, 0.12
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C605FFAA4FDD2FA9E" box="[586,599,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.13 (0.123 ± 0.005) (n = 7, 1). OvL, 0.24
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C665CFAA4FBD3FA9E" box="[1097,1110,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.35 (0.303 ± 0.037); OvW, 0.26
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C63A6FA7BFE45FA71" box="[435,448,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">–</emphasis>
|
||
0.35 (0.309 ± 0.033) (n = 7, 1). Largest colony observed 11 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CEF9B31D1515C4C662AFA7BFBFAFA71" box="[1087,1151,1409,1433]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1515C4C62B5FA2FFEA3FA07" blockId="61.[160,1156,1493,1727]" box="[160,294,1493,1519]" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1515C4C62B5FA2FFEA3FA07" box="[160,294,1493,1519]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1515C4C62B5FA2FFEA3FA07" bold="true" box="[160,294,1493,1519]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="202" reason="3">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1515C4F62B5FA00FDE8FEBC" blockId="61.[160,1156,1493,1727]" lastBlockId="62.[160,1156,142,340]" lastPageId="62" lastPageNumber="203" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">
|
||
Colony forming a unilaminar, encrusting sheet; off- white, slightly tinged with orange. Zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1515C4C62E9F9E7FEE2F9DD" box="[252,359,1565,1589]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="61.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 20. (a) Calyptotheca reniformis Tilbrook, 2006, NSMT-Te 1125, ovicelled and several nonovicelled autozooids. (b–d) Calyptotheca sesokoensis sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1128 (holotype): (b) autozooids at colony margin; (c) autozooids, one with rare lateral-oral avicularium; (d) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994851/files/figure.png" pageId="61" pageNumber="202">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) distinct, separated by raised suture line. Frontal wall flat to weakly convex, completely covered with low tubercles, among which are tiny pseudopores having narrow, reniform opening; five to nine slit-like areolar openings along each lateral margin. Orifice of non-ovicelled zooids pear-shaped, with U-shaped sinus separated from anter by conspicuous condyles; condyles denticulate at end. Secondary orifice of ovicelled zooids wider than primary orifice of non-ovicelled zooids, with shallower, broader sinus. Single small adventitious avicularium in midline proximal to orifice; rostrum oval, raised, mandible directed proximally, crossbar complete; rostrum separate from orifice by about one rostral length. Ovicell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132C2A51D1525C4F6144FF0CFC3AFEE6" box="[849,959,246,270]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="61.[160,225,829,852]" captionTargetBox="[177,1137,142,798]" captionTargetId="figure@61.[177,1138,142,798]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="Figure 20. (a) Calyptotheca reniformis Tilbrook, 2006, NSMT-Te 1125, ovicelled and several nonovicelled autozooids. (b–d) Calyptotheca sesokoensis sp. nov., NSMT-Te 1128 (holotype): (b) autozooids at colony margin; (c) autozooids, one with rare lateral-oral avicularium; (d) ovicelled and nonovicelled autozooids. All panels are scanning electron microscopic images of bleached specimens. Scale bars = 300 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3994851" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3994851/files/figure.png" pageId="62" pageNumber="203">Figure 20</figureCitation>
|
||
(a)) large; subimmersed or endozooidal; ooecium covered with tubercles and tiny reniform pseudopores. Spines lacking. Ancestrula not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30D655FD1525C4F62B5FE78FD32FD3F" pageId="62" pageNumber="203" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1525C4F62B5FE78FE83FE74" blockId="62.[160,1156,386,585]" box="[160,262,386,412]" pageId="62" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1525C4F62B5FE78FE83FE74" box="[160,262,386,412]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="62" pageNumber="203" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1525C4F62B5FE78FE83FE74" bold="true" box="[160,262,386,412]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="203" reason="3">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1525C4F62B5FE5DFEF3FDA1" blockId="62.[160,1156,386,585]" pageId="62" pageNumber="203">
|
||
This species is easily recognisable by its distinctive reniform pores. Our material well matches Tilbrook
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1525C4F637DFE33FEE8FE09" box="[360,365,457,481]" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="203">’</emphasis>
|
||
s (2006) original description and illustrations; differences from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54AC8876D1525C4F62B5FE16FE81FDEC" box="[160,260,492,516]" pageId="62" pageNumber="203" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen include a more conspicuously tuberculate, rugose frontal wall and ooecium; a somewhat deeper oral sinus on ovicelled zooids; and ovicells that are not as deeply embedded.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1525C4F62B5FD82FEA1FD7A" blockId="62.[160,1155,632,727]" box="[160,292,632,658]" pageId="62" pageNumber="203">
|
||
<heading id="D0E081B8D1525C4F62B5FD82FEA1FD7A" box="[160,292,632,658]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="62" pageNumber="203" reason="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="B963EAC6D1525C4F62B5FD82FEA1FD7A" bold="true" box="[160,292,632,658]" inLineHeading="true" italics="true" pageId="62" pageNumber="203" reason="3">Occurrence</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA836D4D1525C4F62B5FD66FD32FD3F" blockId="62.[160,1155,632,727]" pageId="62" pageNumber="203">
|
||
We found seven colonies, at the SES and REEF sites. This species was previously known only from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3007644D1525C4F6350FD45FE7BFD3F" box="[325,510,703,727]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="62" pageNumber="203">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF864B25D1525C4F6018FD45FD2FFD3F" author="Tilbrook KJ" box="[525,682,703,727]" pageId="62" pageNumber="203" refId="ref65817" refString="Tilbrook KJ. 2006. Cheilostomatous Bryozoa of the Solomon Islands. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History." type="book" year="2006">Tilbrook 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |