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<mods:title>New insights on Polianthes montana (Asparagaceae, Agavoideae) and the description of P. aarodriguezii a new species, both from Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Castro-Castro, Arturo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Alcaldía Benito Juárez, Mexico City, 03940, Mexico &amp; Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, CIIDIR - Durango, Sigma 119, Fracc. 20 de Noviembre II, Durango, Durango, 34234, Mexico &amp; Jardín Etnobiológico Estatal de Durango, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Durango (CIIDIR-Durango) - Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Blvd. Sahuatoba 204, Fracc. Parque Centenario, Durango, Durango, 34405, Mexico &amp; art. castroc @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2864 - 5180</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>González-Bernal, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Reserva Ecológica del Mineral de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Cosalá, Sinaloa, Mexico &amp; chara 50 @ hotmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2964 - 6433</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Aguilar, Edmi Itzel Rojas-</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, Blvd. Lola Beltrán s. n., Col. 4 de Marzo, Culiacán, Sinaloa, 80054, Mexico &amp; edmirojas 7 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6672 - 3437</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName authority="Art.Castro" authorityName="Art. Castro" authorityYear="2023" box="[136,548,518,545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aarodriguezii" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,420,518,545]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Polianthes aarodriguezii</emphasis>
Art.Castro
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, 
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municipally border, 
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al 
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del poblado 
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(fl, fr), 
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. Martínez- Rubí &amp; 
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4867
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!, isotypes 
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<taxonomicName box="[136,374,666,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aarodriguezii">Polianthes aarodriguezii</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Solano &amp; Rios-Gomez" authorityYear="2014" box="[664,817,666,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alboaustralis">P. alboaustralis</taxonomicName>
, but it can be differentiated in having (1–)3–4 ensiform leaves (vs. 2–6 linear), inflorescence raceme (vs. spike), perigone without a nectary on the floral tube (vs. nectary located in the second third of the floral tube), and filaments 
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long (vs. 
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long); 
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is also similar to 
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, due to the 
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and size of its inflorescence, but 
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reaches 5–5.5 × 
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(vs. 2–2.8 × 
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), with diffuse to divergent lobes, 5.6–6.8 × 
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(vs. appressed to assurgent, 
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× 
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vs. 
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), and the style (
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vs. 
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) are longer.
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Perennial herb. Corm oblong (0.5–)1.2–1.9 × 
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, with growth buds and thickened contractile and fleshy roots, the roots horizontally oriented. Bulb oblong, 2.6–7.5 × 
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, covered by the persistent leaf bases. Leaves (1–) 
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a basal rosette, with an additional one attached a few cm above the peduncle base, erect; alternate, ensiform, (10–)15–46.5 × 
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, chartaceous and soft, shiny when fresh, acute, glabrous, margin papillose-toothed, hyaline. Inflorescence racemose, (44–) 
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long, internodes decreasing in size towards the apex, with 3–7 floral nodes; scape bracts 2–7, primary sterile bract linear-lanceolate, 
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× 
<quantity box="[928,1058,1094,1121]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 cm</quantity>
, apex acute, base truncate, margin papillose-toothed, primary floral bracts lanceolate to triangular, 0.6–1.8 × 
<quantity box="[950,1076,1130,1157]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="0.25" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.3 cm</quantity>
, apex acute, base truncate, margin smooth, becoming scarious. Bracteoles deltoid, 0.3–5 × 
<quantity box="[780,919,1166,1193]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
, entire, acute, truncate. Pedicels 
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during anthesis, 
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in fruit, ascending. Flowers geminate, 5–5.5 × 
<quantity box="[1015,1144,1202,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.7" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.7 cm</quantity>
, white concolor, succulent, scented, ascending; perigone tube 4.4–4.8 × 
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at the base of the lobes, curved almost in half and subsequently infundibular, with widening between the curvature of the tube and the base of the lobes. Lobes broadly ovate, external and internal similar, inner ones sometimes slightly thinner, 5.6–6.8 × 
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, imbricate, slightly cucullate, acute to obtuse, papillose, both diffuse to divergent. Stamens included, filaments white, filiform, 
<quantity box="[1137,1273,1346,1373]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" metricValueMax="9.7" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="8.1" valueMax="9.7" valueMin="6.5">6.5–9.7 mm</quantity>
long from their insertion into the perigone tube, inserted 
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above the ovary apex; anthers linear, 6.2–7.5 × 
<quantity box="[1223,1359,1382,1409]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.8 mm</quantity>
, yellow, included on the upper portion of the mouth of the tube in anthesis. Ovary 5.3–7.5 × 
<quantity box="[1061,1198,1418,1445]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="3.35" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.5 mm</quantity>
; style filiform, 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="4.8" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="4.8" valueMin="4.2">4.2–4.8 cm</quantity>
, white, included or exserted 
<quantity box="[492,584,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
from the perigone in mature flowers; stigma trilobed, lobes 
<quantity box="[1254,1388,1454,1481]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 mm</quantity>
long, papillose. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, 1–1.4 × 
<quantity box="[641,747,1490,1517]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="cm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1–1.2 cm</quantity>
, globose, crowned by the remains of the perigone. Seeds ovatedepressed, 3–6 × 
<quantity box="[332,427,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 mm</quantity>
, flat, dark brown, opaque.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,914,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,318,1562,1588]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet is a contraction name honoring Dr. Aarón Rodríguez Contreras from Instituto de Botánica, Universidad de Guadalajara, 
<collectingRegion box="[608,687,1598,1624]" country="Mexico" name="Jalisco" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Jalisco</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[698,784,1598,1624]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Mexico</collectingCountry>
in recognition for his achievements in studying the floristic diversity of 
<collectingCountry box="[271,359,1634,1660]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, and his dedicated work as a mentor of young botanists.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="70" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,914,2093]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,617,1670,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Distribution, habitat and phenology</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[624,652,1670,1696]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[652,930,1670,1696]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aarodriguezii">
<emphasis box="[652,930,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Polianthes aarodriguezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in the upper basin of the Elota River, in the east central part of 
<collectingRegion box="[388,475,1706,1732]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry box="[485,574,1706,1732]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. The species is known from a population located just on the border of the states of 
<collectingRegion box="[165,249,1742,1768]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
and 
<collectingRegion box="[300,398,1743,1769]" country="Mexico" name="Durango" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Durango</collectingRegion>
states, and between the transition of the Madrean Tropical and Tropical ecoregions of the Sierra Madre Occidental, according to the proposal of 
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez-Elizondo M. S. &amp; Gonzalez-Elizondo, M. &amp; Tena-Flores, J. &amp; Gonzalez-Elizondo, M. S. &amp; Ruacho-Gonzalez, L. &amp; Lopez-Enriquez, I. L. &amp; Retana-Renteria, F. I. &amp; Tena-Flores, J. A." box="[694,1080,1778,1804]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="204 - 211" refId="ref6889" refString="Gonzalez-Elizondo M. S., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M., Tena-Flores, J., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M. S., Ruacho-Gonzalez, L., Lopez-Enriquez, I. L., Retana-Renteria, F. I. &amp; Tena-Flores, J. A. (2012 a) Ecosystems and diversity of the Sierra Madre Occidental. In: Gottfried, G. J., Ffolliott, P. F., Gebow, B. S., Eskew, L. G. &amp; Collins, L. C. (Eds.) Merging science and management in a rapidly changing world: Biodiversity and management of the Madrean Archipelago III. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Fort Collins, pp. 204 - 211." type="book chapter" year="2012">
González-Elizondo 
<emphasis box="[921,980,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
(2012a)
</bibRefCitation>
. It inhabits open 
<emphasis box="[1284,1451,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Pinus-Quercus</emphasis>
forests, in association with 
<taxonomicName authority="(Bonpl.) D. Don ex DC." authorityName="DC." baseAuthorityName="Bonpl." box="[458,1004,1814,1841]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Conostegia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="xalapensis">
<emphasis box="[458,715,1814,1841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Conostegia xalapensis</emphasis>
(Bonpl.) D.Don ex DC.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(S. F. Blake) E. B. Sm." authorityName="E. B. Sm." baseAuthorityName="S. F. Blake" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Coreocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="congregatus">
<emphasis box="[1020,1313,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Coreocarpus congregatus</emphasis>
(S.F.Blake) E.B.Sm.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="(Sch. Bip.) Hemsl." authorityName="Hemsl." baseAuthorityName="Sch. Bip." box="[243,686,1850,1877]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cosmos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linearifolius">
<emphasis box="[243,475,1850,1877]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Cosmos linearifolius</emphasis>
(Sch.Bip.) Hemsl.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Cav." authorityName="Cav." box="[696,939,1850,1876]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dahlia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis box="[696,880,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Dahlia coccinea</emphasis>
Cav.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Michx." authorityName="Michx." box="[950,1223,1850,1876]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Malaxis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unifolia">
<emphasis box="[950,1133,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Malaxis unifolia</emphasis>
Michx.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Rose" authorityName="Rose" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Manfreda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jaliscana">
<emphasis box="[1233,1452,1850,1876]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Manfreda jaliscana</emphasis>
Rose
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Brandegee" authorityName="Brandegee" box="[208,536,1886,1912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saxicola">
<emphasis box="[208,403,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Miconia saxicola</emphasis>
Brandegee
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[549,721,1886,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Phaseolus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[549,664,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Phaseolus</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Perez de la Rosa" authorityName="Perez de la Rosa" box="[735,1123,1886,1913]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luzmariae">
<emphasis box="[735,919,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Pinus luzmariae</emphasis>
Pérez de la Rosa
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Nee" authorityName="Nee" box="[1136,1447,1886,1913]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="magnoliifolia">
<emphasis box="[1136,1390,1886,1913]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Quercus magnoliifolia</emphasis>
Née
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Trel." authorityName="Trel." box="[136,321,1922,1949]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viminea">
<emphasis box="[136,259,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Q. viminea</emphasis>
Trel.
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName box="[379,543,1922,1949]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Verbesina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis box="[379,489,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Verbesina</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
The plants are found in areas with deep and acid soils at 
<quantity box="[1180,1335,1922,1949]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3425" metricValueMax="1.355" metricValueMin="1.33" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="m" value="1342.5" valueMax="1355.0" valueMin="1330.0">1330–1355 m</quantity>
elevation. 
<taxonomicName box="[136,414,1958,1984]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aarodriguezii">
<emphasis box="[136,414,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Polianthes aarodriguezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
flower from late August to early October and fruit from September to late October.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,914,2093]" lastBlockId="8.[136,1451,158,257]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,467,1994,2020]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Conservation status:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName box="[468,749,1994,2020]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aarodriguezii">
<emphasis box="[468,749,1994,2020]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">Polianthes aarodriguezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented by one collection in only one locality. Using GeoCAT (
<bibRefCitation author="Bachman, S. &amp; Moat, J. &amp; Hill, A. &amp; de la Torre, J. &amp; Scott, B." box="[251,489,2030,2056]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" pagination="111 - 126" refId="ref6652" refString="Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A., de la Torre, J. &amp; Scott, B. (2011) Supporting red list threat assessments with GeoCAT: Geospatial conservation assessment tool. ZooKeys 150: 111 - 126. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 150.2109" type="journal article" year="2011">
Bachman 
<emphasis box="[367,424,2030,2056]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
) the extent of occurrence (EOO) is 
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<superScript attach="left" box="[1005,1013,2030,2044]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">2</superScript>
, and the size of the area of occupancy (AOO) is 
<quantity box="[250,308,2066,2092]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[308,316,2066,2080]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="68">2</superScript>
, employed cells of 2 × 
<quantity box="[585,646,2066,2092]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" unit="km" value="2.0">2 km</quantity>
. Based on EOO and AOO area results, and following the IUCN (2019) criteria (extent of occurrence estimated to be less than 
<quantity box="[784,873,158,184]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" unit="km" value="100.0">100 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[873,881,158,172]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">2</superScript>
and known to exist at only a single location), a preliminary category of Critically Endangered is suggested (CR/B1a). One threat to the known population of the species is the development of the mining industry in the area (
<bibRefCitation author="Servicio Geologico Mexicano" box="[830,1235,230,256]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" refId="ref7511" refString="Servicio Geologico Mexicano (2021) Panorama minero del estado de Sinaloa. Servicio Geologico Mexicano, Pachuca, 45 pp." type="book" year="2021">Servicio Geológico Mexicano 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7609185" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7609185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7609185/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" startId="8.[136,229,1969,1991]" targetBox="[177,1411,309,1917]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph blockId="8.[136,1453,1969,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,254,1969,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="Art. Castro. A. Habit. B, D. Inflorescence. E" box="[261,934,1969,1991]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aarodriguezii">
<emphasis box="[261,501,1969,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">Polianthes aarodriguezii</emphasis>
Art.Castro. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[620,643,1969,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">A.</emphasis>
Habit. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[716,769,1969,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">B, D.</emphasis>
Inflorescence. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[918,934,1969,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">E</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[934,970,1969,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">–G.</emphasis>
Perigone views. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1138,1162,1969,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">C.</emphasis>
Corm. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1236,1261,1969,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="69">H.</emphasis>
Capsules. Pictures: Arturo Castro-Castro.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="9.[136,1451,158,580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,494,158,184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Taxonomic relationships</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[501,529,158,184]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">—</emphasis>
Morphologically, 
<taxonomicName box="[741,1031,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aarodriguezii">
<emphasis box="[741,1031,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Polianthes aarodriguezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
falls within 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1208,1328,158,184]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1208,1328,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Polianthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgenus 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[136,256,194,220]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[136,256,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Polianthes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It has scented and geminate flowers at the nodes and the filaments inserted above the midportion of the perigone tube. 
<taxonomicName box="[357,639,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aarodriguezii">
<emphasis box="[357,639,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Polianthes aarodriguezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares morphological similarities with 
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. Solano &amp; Rios-Gomez" authorityYear="2014" box="[1103,1283,230,256]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alboaustralis">
<emphasis box="[1103,1283,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">P. alboaustralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it can be differentiated in the number and shape of the leaves, inflorescence architecture, absence of a nectary in the perigone, and complementary there is also a partial distinction in inflorescence length, as well as the length of the filaments (
<tableCitation box="[143,230,338,364]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,224,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological comparison among Polianthes aarodriguezii and morphologically similar species." pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Table 2</tableCitation>
). In addition, the populations of both species are allopatric, more than 
<quantity box="[1013,1110,338,364]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" unit="km" value="1100.0">1100 km</quantity>
apart, and develop in different physiographic provinces (
<tableCitation box="[426,510,374,400]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,224,966,990]" captionText="TABLE 1. Diversity and distribution of the genus Polianthes (Asparagaceae,Agavoideae) in Mexico.The state abbreviations" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Table 1</tableCitation>
). The new species may also be related to 
<taxonomicName box="[981,1107,375,400]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="montana">
<emphasis box="[981,1107,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">P. montana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, due to the 
<typeStatus box="[1240,1288,375,401]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
and size of its inflorescence. However, species differ in the perigone size, the orientation and size of perigone lobes, and length of filaments and styles (
<tableCitation box="[373,461,446,472]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,224,159,183]" captionText="TABLE 2. Morphological comparison among Polianthes aarodriguezii and morphologically similar species." pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[136,1451,158,580]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">
Finally, the discovery of 
<taxonomicName box="[475,755,482,508]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Polianthes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aarodriguezii">
<emphasis box="[475,755,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Polianthes aarodriguezii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents the first record for the genus for the 
<collectingRegion box="[1306,1390,482,508]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
flora (
<bibRefCitation author="Villasenor, J. L." box="[143,328,518,544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" pagination="559 - 902" refId="ref7870" refString="Villasenor, J. L. (2016) Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559 - 902. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. rmb. 2016.06.017" type="journal article" year="2016">Villaseñor 2016</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Vega, A. R. &amp; Vega, L. I. F. &amp; Delgado, V. F." box="[341,531,518,545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" refId="ref7824" refString="Vega, A. R., Vega, L. I. F. &amp; Delgado, V. F. (2021) Flora nativa y naturalizada de Sinaloa. Universidad Autonoma de Sinaloa &amp; Colegio de Posgraduados, Guadalajara, 243 pp." type="book" year="2021">
Vega 
<emphasis box="[406,464,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
2021
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Pio-Leon, J. F. &amp; Gonzalez-Elizondo, M. &amp; Vega-Avina, R. &amp; Gonzalez-Elizondo, M. S. &amp; Gonzalez-Gallegos, J. G. &amp; Salomon-Montijo, B. &amp; Otero, M. G. &amp; Lim-Vega, C. A." box="[544,782,518,544]" pageId="9" pageNumber="70" refId="ref7293" refString="Pio-Leon, J. F., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M., Vega-Avina, R., Gonzalez-Elizondo, M. S., Gonzalez-Gallegos, J. G., Salomon-Montijo, B., Millan- Otero, M. G. &amp; Lim-Vega, C. A. (2022) Las plantas vasculares endemicas del estado de Sinaloa, Mexico. Botanical Sciences 100: Online first. https: // doi. org / 10.17129 / botsci. 3076" type="journal volume" year="2022">
Pío-León 
<emphasis box="[657,716,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="70">et al.</emphasis>
2022
</bibRefCitation>
) and one more endemism for the Sierra Madre Occidental biodiversity.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>