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<document id="CE1311AD6D6EEF091EB6F2D2DF84AF67" ID-CLB-Dataset="5071" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8178736-7493-4f74-bc85-0188fc50473d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4930056" ID-ZooBank="76021E0C-7542-455B-82F4-C670A3DC8806" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623441838049" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mooi, Rich, Kroh, Andreas &amp; Srivastava, Dinesh K." docDate="2014" docId="0398C024720BD512FF686B1C4391FAD8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03857p526.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3857 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cyamidia nummulitica subsp. nummulitica nummulitica (Duncan &amp; Sladen 1884" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="513" masterDocId="FFA1B85C7201D51EFFFF6C3A425CFFA0" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic re-evaluation of fossil and extant micro-echinoids with revision of Tridium, Cyamidia, and Lenicyamidia (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)" masterLastPageNumber="526" masterPageNumber="501" pageNumber="511" updateTime="1699012996579" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="2B1988AEAE2B1C172B577060243AAADA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C491BEBE5CCA7D46A538FA03B45EA57D">
<mods:title id="5458428C0D217F8F3A50005BDFD23D2A">Phylogenetic re-evaluation of fossil and extant micro-echinoids with revision of Tridium, Cyamidia, and Lenicyamidia (Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E043B5ED06B12B038AD621CAF13085E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FB5ADD937ED3F1124BD20D3CF3671463">
<mods:roleTerm id="7D9D39F1376A66E39B020C34228446FF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D8B98E06B4A7D34F494BE2FE89CB5B94">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B7A3CF1E35C618599C0AF0289EBA4571">Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Geology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, USA. E-mail: rmooi @ calacademy. org</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C5F496BF7DD4E836E901B6A35D91E269" type="personal">
<mods:role id="537E564942E266267BC64837896C2280">
<mods:roleTerm id="077D3A09CB314BC866D458163723F1F2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FE48DFC8D9436BA93DB817D2B7673973">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7B81C30E88D9F22338F762F149DF14E6">Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria. E-mail: andreas. kroh @ nhm-wien. ac. at</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D20A879F284515EBEF9D27E4C03474FD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="425B18F86AA501CEA59E6F2A5D4FBC6C">
<mods:roleTerm id="56EAEBC888DEA1762975DBCECA3C8DA9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B5C68CA9087AA3515EA1029FEF72EA68">Srivastava, Dinesh K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="75990DA2E8B671E3DDFF7FC5DE76FA46">Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007, India. E-mail: deardrdk @ gmail. com Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C3B9D223E7671F0F880F448EBD184A50">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="01FD56874C9D625DCEB7B3E55D58617D">
<mods:title id="34967F96AB00BD1CC5EFC4F109836AB2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="0F7763C6F73644E973A86186DD13C009">
<mods:date id="2355A05F90997388833B43A8BE89B7A6">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="1820C2EC1DCF275A71A06F5E878E5B29" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="960161165E35199E7325EBF1669EB9D1">2014-09-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="90B9CE104CFFC43C2172D56C491F7A10" type="volume">
<mods:number id="0405359E8AC1D3FCE33DCC937656827A">3857</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:number id="D4FF3FD7B14450F2903660A5B234961E">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B78FFB06644A50703593CBACA367B6FF">501</mods:start>
<mods:end id="1E7BCEFCBFDFEDC12A8286054A45FC41">526</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="9161DA6BDF934DBF95C0971FFC1AA9B0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="5262580F625D863AD6DC43882F263DD2" type="CLB-Dataset">5071</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BD61EBEFD52343FBFF9F1248F8667CAD" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3857.4.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3BF8E8507F3A5E8DDAFDC602FE1DD5FA" type="GBIF-Dataset">b8178736-7493-4f74-bc85-0188fc50473d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8D30D001D29CC6529692B58E08C31BED" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="EF7DC2E25A773C8BBBE8FAFCDC8F2142" type="Zenodo-Dep">4930056</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0398C024720BD512FF686B1C4391FAD8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5170275" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183925374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5170275" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398C024720BD512FF686B1C4391FAD8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398C024720BD512FF686B1C4391FAD8" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
<subSubSection id="C32B22B9720BD514FF686B1C4132F89F" box="[151,878,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720BD514FF686B1C4132F89F" blockId="10.[151,878,1830,1891]" box="[151,878,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
<heading id="D0C6C65E720BD514FF686B1C4132F89F" bold="true" box="[151,878,1830,1855]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720BD514FF686B1C4132F89F" authority="nummulitica (Duncan &amp; Sladen, 1884)" authorityName="nummulitica (Duncan &amp; Sladen" authorityYear="1884" baseAuthorityName="Duncan &amp; Sladen" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[151,878,1830,1855]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Cyamidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="nummulitica" subSpecies="nummulitica">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720BD514FF686B1C4132F89F" bold="true" box="[151,878,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720BD514FF686B1C4067F89F" bold="true" box="[151,571,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Cyamidia nummulitica nummulitica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFA00CC3720BD514FDB66B1C413AF89F" author="Duncan, P. M. &amp; Sladen, W. P." box="[585,870,1830,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" pagination="101 - 246" refId="ref12136" refString="Duncan, P. M. &amp; Sladen, W. P. (1884) Fossil Echinoidea of western Sind and the Coast of Biluchistan and of the Persian Gulf, from the Tertiary Formations. Fasc. III. The Fossil Echinoidea from the Khirthar Series of Nummulitic Strata in Western Sind. Palaeontologia Indica, Serie XIV, 1, 101 - 246." type="journal article" year="1884">Duncan &amp; Sladen, 1884</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B22B9720BD515FF686B70468DFA2E" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="512" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720BD514FF686B70437FF8C3" blockId="10.[151,878,1830,1891]" box="[151,291,1866,1891]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
<figureCitation id="130A6DB7720BD514FF686B70435DF8C3" box="[151,257,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,935,957]" captionTargetBox="[155,1430,415,893]" captionTargetId="figure-294@9.[151,1436,409,896]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Morphology of the peristomial region in six species of fibulariids, including Cyamidia, Tridium (= Fibularia), Lenicyamidia, and Leniechinus. On the left for each species is the oral view depicting tuberculation, sculpturing, and positions of buccal pores and sphaeridial chambers, with accompanying scale bar. On the right for each species is a sagittal section through the test (hatched) around the peristome, anterior to the left, with accompanying scale bar. In all cases, scale bar is 1.0 mm long." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4930064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4930064/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Figures 4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="130A6DB7720BD514FEF16B704343F8C3" box="[270,287,1866,1891]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1234,1256]" captionTargetBox="[153,1430,159,1202]" captionTargetId="figure-344@11.[151,1436,151,1207]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Partial plate architecture of Cyamidia nummulitica nummulitica, NHM E692. In aboral view, pores of each respiratory tube foot linked by finely dotted lines. In oral view, peristome and periproct in solid black, buccal pores indicated by small dots adjacent to peristome. Interambulacra shaded. For side view, upward arrow indicates peristome, downward arrow indicates periproct. The hole at the ambitus seen in lateral view is a likely predatory borehole (ichnogenus Oichnus sp.)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4930068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4930068/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">6</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720BD514FF686BA84185F808" blockId="10.[151,1104,1938,1991]" box="[151,985,1938,1960]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
1884
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720BD514FF2F6BA840ECF808" authority="Duncan &amp; Sladen" authorityName="Duncan &amp; Sladen" authorityYear="1884" box="[208,688,1938,1960]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocyamidae" genus="Echinocyamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nummuliticus">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720BD514FF2F6BA843AEF808" box="[208,498,1938,1960]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Echinocyamus nummuliticus</emphasis>
Duncan &amp; Sladen
</taxonomicName>
: 132–134, pl. 25: figs 14–20.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720BD514FF686B8B460CF867" blockId="10.[151,1104,1938,1991]" box="[151,1104,1969,1991]" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">
1914
<emphasis id="B945AD20720BD514FF2F6B8B42B4F867" box="[208,232,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">C.</emphasis>
[
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720BD514FF106B8B430DF867" authorityName="Lambert &amp; Thiery" authorityYear="1914" box="[239,337,1969,1991]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Cyamidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720BD514FF106B8B430DF867" box="[239,337,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Cyamidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720BD514FE9E6B8B411DF867" authority="Duncan et Sladen" authorityName="Duncan et Sladen" box="[353,833,1969,1991]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Cyamidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="10" pageNumber="511" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nummulitica">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720BD514FE9E6B8B43BCF867" box="[353,480,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">nummulitica</emphasis>
Duncan et Sladen (
<emphasis id="B945AD20720BD514FD586B8B4167F867" box="[679,827,1969,1991]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="511">Echinocyamus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
—Lambert &amp; Thiéry: 288.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4E21BA720AD515FF6868E84709FAEC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4930068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4930068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4930068/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" startId="11.[151,250,1234,1256]" targetBox="[153,1430,159,1202]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD515FF6868E84709FAEC" blockId="11.[151,1436,1234,1357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF6868E8434BFB47" bold="true" box="[151,279,1234,1256]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Partial plate architecture of
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720AD515FDB268E84676FB48" authority="nummulitica, NHM E" authorityName="NHM E" box="[589,1066,1234,1256]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Cyamidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="nummulitica" subSpecies="nummulitica">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FDB268E8419EFB48" box="[589,962,1234,1256]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Cyamidia nummulitica nummulitica</emphasis>
, NHM E
</taxonomicName>
692. In aboral view, pores of each respiratory tube foot linked by finely dotted lines. In oral view, peristome and periproct in solid black, buccal pores indicated by small dots adjacent to peristome. Interambulacra shaded. For side view, upward arrow indicates peristome, downward arrow indicates periproct. The hole at the ambitus seen in lateral view is a likely predatory borehole (ichnogenus
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FB31690D477EFAED" box="[1230,1314,1335,1357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Oichnus</emphasis>
sp.).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD515FF68694C468DFA2E" blockId="11.[151,1436,1398,2036]" box="[151,1233,1398,1423]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF68694C4319FA2F" bold="true" box="[151,325,1398,1423]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" reason="1">Type material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="548ACF90720AD515FEB3694C43EFFA2F" box="[332,435,1398,1423]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
in the collection of the Geological Survey of
<collectingCountry id="F32631A2720AD515FC4C694C41B3FA2F" box="[947,1007,1398,1423]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">India</collectingCountry>
, Kolkata [not seen].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B22B9720AD515FF3869A14697F9E4" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD515FF3869A1414EFA14" blockId="11.[151,1436,1398,2036]" box="[199,786,1435,1460]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF3869A143C8FA14" bold="true" box="[199,404,1435,1460]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" reason="1">Material studied.</emphasis>
NHM E692, from
<collectingRegion id="49F5BFD0720AD515FD9569A140FCFA14" box="[618,672,1435,1460]" country="Pakistan" name="Sindh" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Sind</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F32631A2720AD515FD5469A14152FA14" box="[683,782,1435,1460]" name="Pakistan" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD515FF3869844630FA5C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1398,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF3869844335FA77" bold="true" box="[199,361,1470,1495]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" reason="1">
<typeStatus id="548ACF90720AD515FF386984435EFA77" box="[199,258,1470,1495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
Several localities were listed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA00CC3720AD515FD0B69854640FA77" author="Duncan, P. M. &amp; Sladen, W. P." box="[756,1052,1470,1495]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="101 - 246" refId="ref12136" refString="Duncan, P. M. &amp; Sladen, W. P. (1884) Fossil Echinoidea of western Sind and the Coast of Biluchistan and of the Persian Gulf, from the Tertiary Formations. Fasc. III. The Fossil Echinoidea from the Khirthar Series of Nummulitic Strata in Western Sind. Palaeontologia Indica, Serie XIV, 1, 101 - 246." type="journal article" year="1884">Duncan &amp; Sladen (1884)</bibRefCitation>
, but because none of the known specimens were selected as the name-bearing
<typeStatus id="548ACF90720AD515FD6669D94090FA5B" box="[665,716,1507,1531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
, a
<typeStatus id="548ACF90720AD515FD1469D94147FA5B" box="[747,795,1507,1531]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">type</typeStatus>
locality is likewise unknown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD515FF386A3C46C0F9BF" blockId="11.[151,1436,1398,2036]" box="[199,1180,1542,1567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF386A3C4332F9BF" bold="true" box="[199,366,1542,1567]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" reason="1">
<typeStatus id="548ACF90720AD515FF386A3C435EF9BF" box="[199,258,1542,1567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Type</typeStatus>
stratum.
</emphasis>
Kirthar Formation, Middle to Late Eocene (Jafa &amp; Rai 1994;
<bibRefCitation id="EFA00CC3720AD515FBD96A3C46CCF9BF" author="Rai, J." box="[1062,1168,1542,1567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" pagination="29 - 116" refId="ref13214" refString="Rai, J. (2007) Middle Eocene calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy and Taxonomy of onland Kutch Basin, western India. The Palaeobotanist, 56, 29 - 116." type="journal article" year="2007">Rai 2007</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD515FF386A114697F9E4" blockId="11.[151,1436,1398,2036]" box="[199,1227,1579,1604]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF386A1143D9F9E4" bold="true" box="[199,389,1579,1604]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
ZooBank
<collectionCode id="ED20E9F7720AD515FEC36A114323F9E4" box="[316,383,1579,1604]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">LSID</collectionCode>
.
</emphasis>
<uri id="FFA07D30720AD515FE736A114697F9E4" box="[396,1227,1579,1604]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FF974BE7720AD515FD5F6A114697F9E4" box="[672,1227,1579,1604]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">6A8F5B2A-5FE2-400B-AD93-D7785BBD18E5</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B22B9720AD512FF386A7440FEFC4D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD515FF386A7441DCF92A" blockId="11.[151,1436,1398,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF386A744304F9C7" bold="true" box="[199,344,1614,1639]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FE9F6A754054F9C7" box="[352,520,1614,1639]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Size and shape</emphasis>
—Corona small, approximately
<quantity id="4CC9DCD7720AD515FC8B6A7441E9F9C6" box="[884,949,1614,1639]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="512" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
in TL; shape ovoid when viewed aborally; slightly flattened in profile, maximum height less than 50% of TL.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD515FF386AAC404AF90F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1398,2036]" box="[199,534,1686,1711]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF386AAC43FFF90F" box="[199,419,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Internal buttressing</emphasis>
—Absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD515FF386A814638F8BC" blockId="11.[151,1436,1398,2036]" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF386A814339F973" box="[199,357,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Apical system</emphasis>
—Situated centrally, at the apex of the corona; monobasal, with four gonopores and a single central hydropore, not situated in a pit or groove; ocular pores are small and indistinct, lying well outside the area enclosed by the gonopores, almost directly between most proximal pores in each petal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720AD512FF386B1C412CFF58" blockId="11.[151,1436,1398,2036]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="513" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720AD515FF386B1C431FF89F" box="[199,323,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="512">Ambulacra</emphasis>
—Ambulacral plating simple; ambulacra expanding distal to peristome to form fan-shaped array at least twice the width of interambulacra at ambitus; petals short, with 10 to 17 faintly conjugate respiratory pore pairs in each ambulacrum; pore pairs lying strongly oblique, crossing the ambulacral plates; distal pore pairs becoming even more strongly oblique with distance between pores in each pair slightly decreasing; width of interporiferous zones remaining largely constant along each paired petal, but increasing slightly at the distal end of the anterior, unpaired petal; petaloid region large, extending about 70% of TL; food grooves absent; buccal pores large, facing obliquely towards the peristome; accessory pores situated in oblique patches in centres of plates, axis of patches angled towards perradial suture proceeding distally, apparently not along sutures; ambitus initiating at approximately seventh pair of ambulacral postbasicoronal plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720DD512FF386D3E4112FE28" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FF386D3E432BFEBD" box="[199,375,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Interambulacra</emphasis>
—Adapically, two unpaired plates lie in tandem adjacent to apical system; four or five postbasicoronal interambulacrals in each column visible in oral view; posterior unpaired interambulacrum expanding slightly in region accommodating periproct; a few scattered accessory pores visible near centres of some interambulacrals, particularly on the ambitus and oral surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720DD512FF386DAE40C2FE55" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FF386DAE433FFE0D" box="[199,355,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Tuberculation</emphasis>
—Primary tubercles crenulate, perforate; approximately same diameter on oral and aboral surfaces, evenly distributed in ambulacra and interambulacra without differentiation into locomotory regions; miliary tubercles distributed among primaries.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720DD512FF386E3A4670FD6D" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FF386E3A4365FDB7" box="[199,313,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Peristome</emphasis>
—Larger than periproct, about 13% TL; infundibulum extremely shallow; peristomial opening facing directly downwards almost at midpoint of oral surface; framed by basicoronal circlet in which ambulacral plates are approximately same length as adjacent interambulacrals, although basicoronals are slightly longer around posterior half of peristome; 4 to 6 enlarged primary tubercles, areoles abutting, in each interambulacral area adjacent to peristome; in each ambulacrum, slightly elevated ridge or bar of stereom just distal to buccal pores, each bar extending slightly laterally from perradial bulge containing sphaeridium.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720DD512FF386EE24636FC98" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FF386EE2436DFD4F" box="[199,305,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Periproct</emphasis>
—Small, approximately 10% TL; facing downwards approximately halfway between posterior edge of peristome and posterior edge of the corona in oral view; distinctly elongated along anterior-posterior axis; bounded by first (5.a.2, 5.b.2) and second (5.a.3, 5.b.3) pairs of post-basicoronal plates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720DD512FF386F7E438AFC20" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FF386F7E43FCFCFD" box="[199,416,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Perignathic girdle</emphasis>
—Consisting of five small processes (auricles), one on internal surface of each interambulacral basicoronal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720DD512FF386FB64287FC67" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720DD512FF386FB6431EFC05" box="[199,322,908,933]" class="Entognatha" family="Sminthurididae" genus="Sphaeridia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Collembola" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FF386FB6431EFC05" box="[199,322,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Sphaeridia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
—One per ambulacrum; fully enclosed; situated beneath distinct transverse bar just distal to buccal pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720DD512FF386FEE40FEFC4D" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" box="[199,674,980,1005]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FF386FEE404DFC4D" box="[199,529,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Spines, pedicellariae, lantern</emphasis>
—Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32B22B9720DD512FF386FCD4391FAD8" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720DD512FF386FCD40E8FB65" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FF386FCD4367FBB0" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1040]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" reason="1">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFA00CC3720DD512FEBE6FC24005FBB0" author="Duncan, P. M. &amp; Sladen, W. P." box="[321,601,1015,1040]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" pagination="101 - 246" refId="ref12136" refString="Duncan, P. M. &amp; Sladen, W. P. (1884) Fossil Echinoidea of western Sind and the Coast of Biluchistan and of the Persian Gulf, from the Tertiary Formations. Fasc. III. The Fossil Echinoidea from the Khirthar Series of Nummulitic Strata in Western Sind. Palaeontologia Indica, Serie XIV, 1, 101 - 246." type="journal article" year="1884">Duncan &amp; Sladen (1884)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished three varieties (to be treated as subspecific taxa according to The Code) of
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720DD512FEC968264386FB95" authorityName="van Phelsum" authorityYear="1774" box="[310,474,1052,1077]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocyamidae" genus="Echinocyamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FEC968264386FB95" box="[310,474,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Echinocyamus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720DD512FDFD68264033FB95" authorityName="Lambert &amp; Thiery" authorityYear="1914" box="[514,623,1052,1077]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Cyamidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FDFD68264033FB95" box="[514,623,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Cyamidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720DD512FD7F68264150FB95" box="[640,780,1052,1077]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Cyamidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nummulitica">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FD7F68264150FB95" box="[640,780,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">nummulitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in addition to the form
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FBE3682746E2FB95" box="[1052,1214,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">n. nummultica</emphasis>
upon which we are basing our descriptions:
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FE51687A406CFBF8" box="[430,560,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">C. n. obesa</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FDBF687A40B6FBF8" box="[576,746,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">C. n. oviformis</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FCDB687A41F8FBF8" box="[804,932,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">C. n. plana</emphasis>
. These differ mainly in overall shape of the corona, particularly in terms of test height and degree of petaloid development. They might well represent valid species or subspecies, but this can only be clarified by re-examination of
<typeStatus id="548ACF90720DD512FBF968B24618FB00" box="[1030,1092,1160,1184]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">types</typeStatus>
, and analysis of intraspecific variation based on a large number of specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8E7132720DD512FF3868F54391FAD8" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,1400]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">
A fourth form described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFA00CC3720DD512FDF368EA4173FB48" author="Duncan, P. M. &amp; Sladen, W. P." box="[524,815,1231,1256]" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" pagination="101 - 246" refId="ref12136" refString="Duncan, P. M. &amp; Sladen, W. P. (1884) Fossil Echinoidea of western Sind and the Coast of Biluchistan and of the Persian Gulf, from the Tertiary Formations. Fasc. III. The Fossil Echinoidea from the Khirthar Series of Nummulitic Strata in Western Sind. Palaeontologia Indica, Serie XIV, 1, 101 - 246." type="journal article" year="1884">Duncan &amp; Sladen (1884)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720DD512FCC268F54611FB48" box="[829,1101,1231,1256]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinocyamidae" genus="Echinocyamus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rotundus">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FCC268F54611FB48" box="[829,1101,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Echinocyamus rotundus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, later placed in
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720DD512FAF568F5472BFB48" authorityName="Lambert &amp; Thiery" authorityYear="1914" box="[1290,1399,1231,1256]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Cyamidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FAF568F5472BFB48" box="[1290,1399,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Cyamidia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Lambert &amp; Thiéry (1914), may or may not represent a second species in the genus. It is based on a unique, worn specimen that, judging from the poor figures, does not show the typical peribuccal stereom bars observed in
<taxonomicName id="4C310AB1720DD512FF68690643C4FAF5" box="[151,408,1340,1365]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Cyamidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="513" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nummulitica">
<emphasis id="B945AD20720DD512FF68690643C4FAF5" box="[151,408,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="513">Cyamidia nummulitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It does, however, appear to have the elongate periproct that seems to separate this genus from most other fibulariids.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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