210 lines
24 KiB
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210 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.104957" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-96-599" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A32C8DF9AEC35B35AC4D32F6EEB83552" ID-ZooBank="16A4A16551854C89960D614A74E6D394" ModsDocID="1314-2607-96-599" checkinTime="1690372396501" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Bogusch, Petr" docDate="2023" docId="E7B2E218E41058DE8C6D48CE54285599" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 96: 599-628" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 96" docPubDate="2023-07-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.104957" docTitle="Dioxys moestus Costa" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="A32C8DF9AEC35B35AC4D32F6EEB83552" lastPageNumber="599" masterDocId="A32C8DF9AEC35B35AC4D32F6EEB83552" masterDocTitle="European cuckoo bees of the tribe Dioxyini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae): distribution, annotated checklist and identification key" masterLastPageNumber="628" masterPageNumber="599" pageNumber="599" updateTime="1690372396501" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2C6C30DE39670FDF50ACD15C1B5CC391">
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<mods:title id="F9A498FEE96E8871329869B2BC6D2DAB">European cuckoo bees of the tribe Dioxyini (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae): distribution, annotated checklist and identification key</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C250C2CBB810DFA1704E99A5D5365C57" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E2A7B3AF02C5F33057479BD65E93B5A2">Bogusch, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8C639241B499E33B140801663A3D66BE" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-6141</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AB6F868B0261ECD3E7D741E2120BD7AA">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, CZ- 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4290EB4DAD5AD8481B7DDDB3240038C1" type="email">bogusch.petr@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A33FEFAD767212F0E39E0D29599F28AC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D58E52065530819B6394B2C01877F31D">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2505EB52B97ADFDCCE8DED10DD869D68">
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<mods:date id="CBE53BAD46B98C3A90D909E099548D00">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7238D385806E5D3D2B01BC9240988C2F">2023-07-25</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="93BDFEEFA974BFE42A4EAAB6C9218855" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="5948AFF3D265E7A5F7863C37082D3941">96</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C00D97D4BF3579C6C09C3E400E33B589">599</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="8D473F460CAB0EAA19F30B1A55B572C5">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.104957</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="196FF58D3206E712E8CF34F089249A98">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5EFD00755CD23412866672CEE2685CFF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.96.104957</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="451D11D8F8C91D3F18622059D3011B3A" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-96-599</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E7B2E218E41058DE8C6D48CE54285599" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E7B2E218E41058DE8C6D48CE54285599" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E7B2E218E41058DE8C6D48CE54285599" lastPageNumber="599" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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<subSubSection id="6037C3975C51428EEFAF828CF74FB74E" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7E9F9D10174750ABA2EA60D9CBC16894" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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<taxonomicName id="8CCB93B4AF941FAEB589CC454610B7FB" ID-CoL="36F8M" ID-ENA="1004172" LSID="E7B2E218-E410-58DE-8C6D-48CE54285599" authority="Costa" authorityName="Costa" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Dioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioxys moestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moestus">Dioxys moestus Costa</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AA58EC746A625411EF39424BFCC8F6DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="49904407E2055D8124F0D359D2DB89CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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<taxonomicName id="A738EFD0105AEB0E00418DD5B7C1270B" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Dioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioxys moesta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moesta">Dioxys moesta</taxonomicName>
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Costa, 1883: 96.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0ABE99EB0EA5726776CE969C8B185E32" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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<taxonomicName id="641E190B400D7CE4D3A4340A4C68395D" authorityName="Perez" authorityYear="1884" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Dioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioxys rotundata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rotundata">Dioxys rotundata</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="1EB816AA898CEEA7659B4386E3009641" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
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, 1883: 300.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="26781762CC50AA18B75D279513D62FCC" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9D63DA2623391EA3EEE6B9EADDA5C2FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C9AECDB00D3D444B16931417F6600C2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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Middle-sized species, body length 5-8 mm. Species with typical general appearance for this genus, black with first 2-3 metasomal terga entirely or partly reddish, with narrow apical bands of whitish short appressed hair (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="9F6C85C8ED0A0F1CB8B83CDFE5082045" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Dioxys moestus A female, dorsal view B male, dorsal view C female, mesosoma dorsal view D female, metasoma, dorsal view E female, metasoma lateral F male, last metasomal segments, ventral view G male, T 4 - T 6, dorsal view. Red scale bars represent the length of 1 mm, blue scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883558" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">11A, B</figureCitation>
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). Mesosoma with long whitish hair, apex of metasomal T6 rounded (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="310ECDCACDF2C49898C2E05309D126CE" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Dioxys moestus A female, dorsal view B male, dorsal view C female, mesosoma dorsal view D female, metasoma, dorsal view E female, metasoma lateral F male, last metasomal segments, ventral view G male, T 4 - T 6, dorsal view. Red scale bars represent the length of 1 mm, blue scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883558" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">11C</figureCitation>
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). The legs and antennae are black. The last metasomal terga in males was not as narrow as that in
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<taxonomicName id="D11BA3201CC66476BC008FAC79B1BC95" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. cinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctus">
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<emphasis id="ED983FD95C96851E46553B82B23CC2CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. cinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In general, similar to
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<taxonomicName id="4122E4DDE46DC61252F8B2F76616AAFE" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. cinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctus">
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<emphasis id="523765A5B0D9CA8CEF14E92D5DB80AE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. cinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but differs by several characteristics: it is usually smaller and the reddish colouration is more distributed (usually on T1-3, in
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<taxonomicName id="284482EFDC0CC9DA54E99D22B7C89F92" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. cinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctus">
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<emphasis id="453AB8648AD6706CF857A1411D353E6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. cinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on T1-T2). Females of
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<taxonomicName id="B80D49D5C49C7854EBE0A9DC9AD3E9CD" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. cinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctus">
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<emphasis id="ABB8E9E0DCADFA6969984ACA612CF8D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. cinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a straight apex of T6, while females of
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<taxonomicName id="A1ED475B419D0FF20304114BF1226EC0" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. moestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moestus">
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<emphasis id="197D155EDDF6A239E5D87133043B9D90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. moestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a round apex of T6. Males of
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<taxonomicName id="E91400676F854C351C106900A58D0050" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. moestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moestus">
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<emphasis id="E9A8953526E8A48173D2A0FDAEEE515D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. moestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have two tooth-like processes on S4 medio-posteriorly (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="AC3E095EA885A6B3EB3B056FE88B9C1C" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Dioxys moestus A female, dorsal view B male, dorsal view C female, mesosoma dorsal view D female, metasoma, dorsal view E female, metasoma lateral F male, last metasomal segments, ventral view G male, T 4 - T 6, dorsal view. Red scale bars represent the length of 1 mm, blue scale bars 100 µm." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883558" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">11F</figureCitation>
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), and males of
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<taxonomicName id="8AA28C956F28ABA89BB0C621F017147A" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. cinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctus">
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<emphasis id="A949F7D0F722E5CF69CE85E64BDE7D79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. cinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lack this characteristic. Punctation of T2-T3 of
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<taxonomicName id="CE59DEB173BA8305CA23E072D47168EE" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. moestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moestus">
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<emphasis id="52C6062F1E0DCBC4AF8D3F368DDE3B90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. moestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is finer and sparser than in
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<taxonomicName id="85D0C479BE310A2F38ACA52B350D1797" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. cinctus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cinctus">
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<emphasis id="DB1302AD540E958D65A19266E55C3884" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. cinctus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="738CEBCE364CDBB8A3B92294F1A11238" doi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883558" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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<paragraph id="62DD3CDCBD88AE3AA2D7A820233B9622" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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<emphasis id="1B19354E6D06E3DF184B7ABEA4EEC0AC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="D0D247813AE1B8934AF43A2F4379DE55" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Dioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioxys moestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moestus">
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<emphasis id="890FEDDBAA956DAC5BC48F84D93ABDF6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Dioxys moestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="8248F65F2BBE9F89AB8F564CFB26FB8F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">A</emphasis>
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female, dorsal view
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<emphasis id="E17A946D6CF0AC3B022CDA770E3A906A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">B</emphasis>
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male, dorsal view
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<emphasis id="CB064A90941E7AD8419F27B5E195B3EE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">C</emphasis>
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female, mesosoma dorsal view
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<emphasis id="6F9145D9F91627DB914CF7E3F95A7555" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D</emphasis>
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female, metasoma, dorsal view
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<emphasis id="F4FCF752E361E29031FBD8AAEF0AC0A3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">E</emphasis>
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female, metasoma lateral
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<emphasis id="2C12614A36652BD2659C9ADF05D37751" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">F</emphasis>
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male, last metasomal segments, ventral view
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<emphasis id="71366EE7E30127662D0A4DAE8E4BC386" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">G</emphasis>
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male, T4-T6, dorsal view. Red scale bars represent the length of 1 mm, blue scale bars 100
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<normalizedToken id="1E8203CD4AE5E1282AEC1BE58E50AF21" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B7305014C4584548725A0EC02FD79F4E" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="C4704417D89F129C93D62CCBED577791" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9C6775703A2F941608C7964921D248DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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Mediterranean species described from Sardinia. Recorded from Portugal to Greece (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="E7C389C1D83426040691523EC1379226" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Dioxys moestus, distribution in Europe." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883559" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">12</figureCitation>
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). Outside of Europe, it is recorded in North Africa, from Morocco to Tunisia, and Israel (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB850DCB1B1805DA1DBCD3FE0770026" author="Warncke, K" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="265 - 282" refId="B38" refString="Warncke, K, 1977. Beitrag zur Systematik der westpaUiarktischen Bienengattung Dioxys LEP. & SERV. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Reichenbachia 16: 265 - 282" title="Beitrag zur Systematik der westpaUiarktischen Bienengattung Dioxys LEP. & SERV. (Hymenoptera, Apoidea)." volume="16" year="1977">Warncke 1977</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="69A48E4340B3276BE4B71935E787C1F7" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2008.v64.i1.55" author="Ornosa, C" journalOrPublisher="Graellsia" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="61 - 86" refId="B24" refString="Ornosa, C, Ortiz-Sanchez, FJ, Torres, F, 2008. Catalogo de los Megachilidae del Mediterraneo occidental (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). III. Anthidiini y Dioxyini. Graellsia 64: 61 - 86, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2008.v64.i1.55" title="Catalogo de los Megachilidae del Mediterraneo occidental (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). III. Anthidiini y Dioxyini." url="https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2008.v64.i1.55" volume="64" year="2008">Ornosa et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0C346B94E82098654BB58187BAB37C9A" doi="10.3897/jhr.96.104957.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/883559" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph id="E1AD30B6D6EE4405B80BDA82D7080E08" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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<emphasis id="A7350E27A1EE0916DE1E9BAEB8C38355" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="525A6B451F579E0180203336EC95D438" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Dioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioxys moestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moestus">
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<emphasis id="DDEB2531BC1DFB7E61367B772DE78BB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Dioxys moestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, distribution in Europe.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DA88669070C92BF7CE27EFDAC263C6E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="C502A6664F9F41F0FA8F55DE9DF2277B" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Biology and hosts.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B27986AFCA09017A1C842ED5110D305C" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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This species occurs in open habitats. It was collected in open habitats with shrubby vegetation, steppic formations or rocky landscapes with almond orchards. Hosts are
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<taxonomicName id="ED43DFFB813D9180FCD13A14D84E50ED" baseAuthorityName="Alfken" baseAuthorityYear="1935" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Hoplitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplitis benoisti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="benoisti">
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<emphasis id="CFDCD86E060880A742D7D494A7836F6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Hoplitis benoisti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Alfken),
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<taxonomicName id="E20BA18360C3D22DF42EEEFB012A807B" baseAuthorityName="Perez" baseAuthorityYear="1891" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Hoplitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplitis fertoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fertoni">
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<emphasis id="60D1A09F5C0199A1D69720FE60AFB556" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Hoplitis fertoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken id="68E3270A4671534D7B6624721053A31D" originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="0185414A848D8C583F1DDF338678DC80" authorityName="Teunissen & van Achterberg" authorityYear="1992" baseAuthorityName="Teunissen & van Achterberg" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Hoplitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplitis zandeni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zandeni">
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<emphasis id="D603615FF7E8CCC79A9C3D219F06102E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Hoplitis zandeni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Teunissen & van Achterberg) (
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<bibRefCitation id="324F60DA57887D0B22BF964F9FF31B0E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.49579" author="Bogusch, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="113 - 125" refId="B5" refString="Bogusch, P, Hlavackova, L, Petr, L, Bosch, J, 2020b. Nest structure, pollen utilization and parasites associated with two west-Mediterranean bees (Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Megachilidae) nesting in empty snail shells. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76: 113 - 125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.49579" title="Nest structure, pollen utilization and parasites associated with two west-Mediterranean bees (Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Megachilidae) nesting in empty snail shells." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.49579" volume="76" year="2020 b">Bogusch et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
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), probably also
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<taxonomicName id="BE8D143D337107B979E759CEBD17EC3D" baseAuthorityName="Ferton" baseAuthorityYear="1902" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Hoplitis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hoplitis ochraceicornis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ochraceicornis">
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<emphasis id="A4B2100EF1E69A8ADFA4C2E6707C7C3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Hoplitis ochraceicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Ferton) (I. Cross, unpublished record). Several specimens were reared from nests of
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<taxonomicName id="33443CD6BFCED8518F2DC9DF124BE327" lsidName="H. fertoni" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" rank="species" species="fertoni">
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<emphasis id="9D7EFEBE2958F05A6724A66FBA0A9033" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">H. fertoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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placed inside snail shells (
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<bibRefCitation id="F463B50BEED9904EB397981431509442" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.49579" author="Bogusch, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" pagination="113 - 125" refId="B5" refString="Bogusch, P, Hlavackova, L, Petr, L, Bosch, J, 2020b. Nest structure, pollen utilization and parasites associated with two west-Mediterranean bees (Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Megachilidae) nesting in empty snail shells. Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76: 113 - 125, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.49579" title="Nest structure, pollen utilization and parasites associated with two west-Mediterranean bees (Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Megachilidae) nesting in empty snail shells." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.49579" volume="76" year="2020 b">Bogusch et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3973D9933A0C83942DEBCDAF4B85BFF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph id="E41410D909B798EC645424E31F7ABBDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DAC9F8537043242879C05600B691B98F" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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|
<bibRefCitation id="7AFD58FC6EF11ABFD1C616B085A0AA91" author="Nieto, A" journalOrPublisher="Publication Office of the European Union, Brussels, Belgium" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" refId="B23" refString="Nieto, A, Roberts, SPM, Kemp, J, Rasmont, P, Kuhlmann, M, Garcia Criado, M, Biesmeijer, JC, Bogusch, P, Dathe, HH, De la Rua, P, De Meulemeester, T, Dehon, M, Dewulf, A, Ortiz-Sanchez, FJ, Lhomme, P, Pauly, A, Potts, SG, Praz, C, Quaranta, M, Radchenko, VG, Scheuchl, E, Smit, J, Straka, J, Terzo, M, Tomozei, B, Window, J, Michez, D, 2014. European Red List of Bees. Publication Office of the European Union, Brussels, Belgium" title="European Red List of Bees." year="2014">Nieto et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
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classified this species as DD - data deficient. This species occurs in most of southern Europe, where it is rare but still frequently recorded. It can be classified as LC - least concern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="444DF6ACDC7C67BECABE21DBCFBED891" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="15DF1159FCE9FFA72C275462C7A1E2EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E3BBED482F3B4CA8373B32F434FA9E17" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">
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<taxonomicName id="81F3340B4A41F5A37EE5705F5E9317B1" authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1977" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Dioxys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dioxys heinrichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heinrichi">
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<emphasis id="B3A6877D40E875BA8489C16C02399F9A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">Dioxys heinrichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Warncke occurs in North Africa (Morocco and Algeria) and is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="D14C4F22E9BB6BCD41BD6588675807FE" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. moestus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moestus">
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<emphasis id="8E11FDF3C5EC0DE2F0FAC86B760F172E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. moestus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
. Female
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ACDDFDB6BBEBCA9E673725E7AD18A862" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. heinrichi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="599" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heinrichi">
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<emphasis id="78E274CE65403052EFB49E80C89B6271" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="599">D. heinrichi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
have a longer F2 and more convex clypeus, and males do not have a swollen end of S4 and lack the two small teeth. The end of S5 is slightly emarginated.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |