354 lines
50 KiB
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354 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.67730" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9bb32bea-f153-44c2-b657-efa956b749e0" ID-PMC="PMC8217075" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1043-117" ID-Pensoft-UUID="508E02B316F3567980BFFF395A653116" ID-PubMed="34163298" ID-ZooBank="4C659B8F36DB47F6A285F60424573BB7" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1043-117" checkinTime="1623702446688" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cumming, Royce T. & Tirant, Ste ́ phane Le" docDate="2021" docId="155F95C10BDA5C7D9858EED28EAF6E10" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1043: 117-131" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1043" docPubDate="2021-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.67730" docTitle="Ferriantenna Cumming & Tirant 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="40E251C3-987F-4F74-A89B-6545E487EDC8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="508E02B316F3567980BFFF395A653116" lastPageNumber="117" masterDocId="508E02B316F3567980BFFF395A653116" masterDocTitle="Drawing the Excalibur bug from the stone: adding credibility to the double-edged sword hypothesis of coreid evolution (Hemiptera, Coreidae)" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1668150418725" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Drawing the Excalibur bug from the stone: adding credibility to the double-edged sword hypothesis of coreid evolution (Hemiptera, Coreidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cumming, Royce T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7930-1292</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montre ́ al, H 1 X 2 B 2, Que ́ bec, Canada & Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA & Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">roycecumming@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Tirant, Ste ́ phane Le</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Montreal Insectarium, 4581 rue Sherbrooke est, Montre ́ al, H 1 X 2 B 2, Que ́ bec, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1043</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>117</mods:start>
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<mods:end>131</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.67730</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.67730</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1043-117</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4C659B8F36DB47F6A285F60424573BB7</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">508E02B316F3567980BFFF395A653116</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182742382" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:40E251C3-987F-4F74-A89B-6545E487EDC8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/155F95C10BDA5C7D9858EED28EAF6E10" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/40E251C3-987F-4F74-A89B-6545E487EDC8" authority="Cumming & Tirant, 2021" authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Ferriantenna</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="117">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna excalibur" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excalibur">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna excalibur</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. et sp. nov., herein designated
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="taxonomic remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Taxonomic remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
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The taxonomic placement of this genus is rather uncertain, largely owing to the lack of adult specimens to allow review of genitalia, wing venation, and presence or lack of ocelli. Morphologically this genus appears to be closely related to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Du & Chen, 2021 based upon the elaborate antennae, square head shape, and long abdomen with parallel margins. Based upon this assumed close relationship we tentatively place this new genus and species within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coreinae">Coreinae</taxonomicName>
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alongside
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but would not be surprised if a taxonomic adjustment is necessary once adult specimens are hopefully one day recovered. Additional higher taxonomic possibilities, which can be ruled out, are
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Yuripopovinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Yuripopovinidae</taxonomicName>
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due to the lack of a distinct collar in our new taxon (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/v10200-011-0049-5" author="Azar, D" journalOrPublisher="Polish Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="627 - 644" refId="B1" refString="Azar, D, Nel, A, Engel, MS, Garrouste, R, Matocq, A, 2011. A new family of Coreoidea from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese Amber (Hemiptera Pentatomomorpha). Polish Journal of Entomology 80: 627 - 644, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/v10200-011-0049-5" title="A new family of Coreoidea from the Lower Cretaceous Lebanese Amber (Hemiptera Pentatomomorpha)." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/v10200-011-0049-5" volume="80" year="2011">Azar et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Further,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Yuripopovinidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Yuripopovinidae</taxonomicName>
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typically have cylindrical antennomeres in cross section (although the recently described
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Yuripopovinidae" genus="Reticulatitergum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Reticulatitergum hui" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hui">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Reticulatitergum hui</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.022" author="Du, S-L" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="141 - 146" refId="B7" refString="Du, S-L, Hu, Z-K, Yao, Y-Z, Ren, D, 2019. New genus and species of the Yuripopovinidae (Pentatomomorpha: Coreoidea) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research 94: 141 - 146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.022" title="New genus and species of the Yuripopovinidae (Pentatomomorpha: Coreoidea) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.022" volume="94" year="2019">Du et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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does have a terminal antennomere which is flattened and rather similar in shape to our
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Artist recreation of the presently known three Cretaceous coreids with elaborate antennae. Illustrations by Liz Sisk (USA). Dorsal habitus scaled to same uniform length to highlight the antennae to body ratios. Colorations are artistic recreations based upon extant coreids rather than the actual specimen, whose color was not preserved in the amber A Ferriantenna excalibur gen. et sp. nov. B Ferriantenna " club-like antennae " C Magnusantenna wuae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.67730.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/554997" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">2A</figureCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.022" author="Du, S-L" journalOrPublisher="Cretaceous Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="141 - 146" refId="B7" refString="Du, S-L, Hu, Z-K, Yao, Y-Z, Ren, D, 2019. New genus and species of the Yuripopovinidae (Pentatomomorpha: Coreoidea) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research 94: 141 - 146, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.022" title="New genus and species of the Yuripopovinidae (Pentatomomorpha: Coreoidea) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.10.022" volume="94" year="2019">Du et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
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)). An additional clade which can have similar general habitus morphology are the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Alydidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Alydidae</taxonomicName>
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(particularly the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Micrelytrinae">Micrelytrinae</taxonomicName>
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which can have thin parallel-sided bodies and long legs very similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna wuae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna wuae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Artist recreation of the presently known three Cretaceous coreids with elaborate antennae. Illustrations by Liz Sisk (USA). Dorsal habitus scaled to same uniform length to highlight the antennae to body ratios. Colorations are artistic recreations based upon extant coreids rather than the actual specimen, whose color was not preserved in the amber A Ferriantenna excalibur gen. et sp. nov. B Ferriantenna " club-like antennae " C Magnusantenna wuae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.67730.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/554997" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">2C</figureCitation>
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). The
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Alydidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Alydidae</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="family">Coreidae</taxonomicName>
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by the length of the bucculae, with the bucculae shorter, not extending posteriorly beyond the base of the antennae in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Alydidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Alydidae</taxonomicName>
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but longer in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="family">Coreidae</taxonomicName>
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, extending posteriorly beyond the base of the antennae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Swanson, DR" journalOrPublisher="The Great Lakes Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="139 - 162" publicationUrl="https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol44/iss2/4" refId="B30" refString="Swanson, DR, 2011. A Synopsis of the Coreoidea (Heteroptera) of Michigan. The Great Lakes Entomologist 44 (2): 139 - 162, https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol44/iss2/4" title="A Synopsis of the Coreoidea (Heteroptera) of Michigan." url="https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol44/iss2/4" volume="44" year="2011">Swanson 2011</bibRefCitation>
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). Within
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna wuae" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wuae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna wuae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932" author="Du, B-J" journalOrPublisher="5), Pentatomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B6" refString="Du, B-J, Chen, R, Tao, W-T, Shi, H-L, Bu, W-J, Liu, Y, Ma, S, Ni, M-Y, Kong, F-L, Xiao, J-H, Huang, D-W, 2021. A Cretaceous bug with exaggerated antennae might be a double-edged sword in evolution. iScience 24: e101932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932" title="A Cretaceous bug with exaggerated antennae might be a double-edged sword in evolution. iScience 24: e 101932." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932" year="2021">Du et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
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clearly state that the bucculae are long extending posteriorly beyond the base of the antennae and therefore due to this feature would fit within
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="family">Coreidae</taxonomicName>
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. Unfortunately, the amber piece that our
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. is within is too thick to clearly see the ventral surface of the head, but it does appear that the bucculae are longer than the base of the antennae and therefore more likely a
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="family">Coreidae</taxonomicName>
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than an
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot & Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Alydidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Alydidae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
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The general morphological features of this genus fit well within
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coreinae">Coreinae</taxonomicName>
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, namely the expanded antennal segments, the length ratios of the various antennomeres (the second and third segments of similar lengths), the smooth pronotum, and the straight femora and tibiae (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schuh, RT" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B28" refString="Schuh, RT, Slater, JA, 1995. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York" title="True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History." year="1995">Schuh and Slater 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). At present there are three other subfamilies recognized within the coreids:
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1873" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hydarinae">Hydarinae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Meropachyinae">Meropachyinae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudophloeinae">Pseudophloeinae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="CoreoideaSF Team" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" publicationUrl="http://Coreoidea.SpeciesFile.org" refId="B4" refString="CoreoideaSF Team, 2021. Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0. [March 25th, 2021]. http://Coreoidea.SpeciesFile.org" title="Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. [March 25 th, 2021]." url="http://Coreoidea.SpeciesFile.org" year="2021">CoreoideaSF Team 2021</bibRefCitation>
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). The following features characterize each of the other subfamilies and help to add credibility to this genus being placed within
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coreinae">Coreinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1873" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hydarinae">Hydarinae</taxonomicName>
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have the third antennomere more than twice as long as the second (in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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gen. nov. these segments are similar in length (
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<bibRefCitation author="Packauskas, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="44 - 53" refId="B22" refString="Packauskas, RJ, 1994. Key to the subfamilies and tribes of the New World Coreidae (Hemiptera), with a checklist of published keys to genera and species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96 (1): 44 - 53" title="Key to the subfamilies and tribes of the New World Coreidae (Hemiptera), with a checklist of published keys to genera and species." volume="96" year="1994">Packauskas 1994</bibRefCitation>
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)). The subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudophloeinae">Pseudophloeinae</taxonomicName>
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is difficult to morphologically distinguish from other coreids as different authors consider different features significant for differentiation (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Packauskas, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="44 - 53" refId="B22" refString="Packauskas, RJ, 1994. Key to the subfamilies and tribes of the New World Coreidae (Hemiptera), with a checklist of published keys to genera and species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96 (1): 44 - 53" title="Key to the subfamilies and tribes of the New World Coreidae (Hemiptera), with a checklist of published keys to genera and species." volume="96" year="1994">Packauskas 1994</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moulet, P" journalOrPublisher="Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B21" refString="Moulet, P, 1995. Hemipteres Coreoidea (Coreidae, Rhopalidae, Alydidae), Pyrrhocoridae, Stenocephalidae Euro-Mediterraneens. Faune de France 81. Federation Francaise des Societes de Sciences Naturelles, Paris" title="Hemipteres Coreoidea (Coreidae, Rhopalidae, Alydidae), Pyrrhocoridae, Stenocephalidae Euro-Mediterraneens. Faune de France 81." year="1995">Moulet 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuh, RT" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B28" refString="Schuh, RT, Slater, JA, 1995. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York" title="True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History." year="1995">Schuh and Slater 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hamouly, HE" journalOrPublisher="Egyptian Journal of Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="108 - 124" refId="B15" refString="Hamouly, HE, Sawaby, RF, Fadl, HH, 2010. Taxonomic review of the subfamily Pseudophloeinae (Hemiptera: Coreidae) from Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Biology 12: 108 - 124" title="Taxonomic review of the subfamily Pseudophloeinae (Hemiptera: Coreidae) from Egypt." volume="12" year="2010">Hamouly et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuh, RT" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B29" refString="Schuh, RT, Weirauch, C, 2020. True bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural history (second edition) Siri Scientific Press, Manchester 768 pp. [+ 32 pls.]" title="True bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and natural history (second edition) Siri Scientific Press, Manchester 768 pp. [+ 32 pls.]" year="2020">Schuh and Weirauch 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Due to the multiple morphological features which liken our genus to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coreinae">Coreinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
we are fairly confident that these fossils do not fall within
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudophloeinae">Pseudophloeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Meropachyinae">Meropachyinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a small subfamily restricted to the western hemisphere and have a distal spine on the apex of the metatibiae and the metafemora are prominently thickened, notably broader than the pro- and mesofemora (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Packauskas, RJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="44 - 53" refId="B22" refString="Packauskas, RJ, 1994. Key to the subfamilies and tribes of the New World Coreidae (Hemiptera), with a checklist of published keys to genera and species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 96 (1): 44 - 53" title="Key to the subfamilies and tribes of the New World Coreidae (Hemiptera), with a checklist of published keys to genera and species." volume="96" year="1994">Packauskas 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1653/024.092.0120" author="Brailovsky, H" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="134 - 138" refId="B3" refString="Brailovsky, H, Barrera, E, 2009. New Species of Merocoris (Merocoris) Perty from Brazil, with Keys to Known Subgenera and Species of the Tribe Merocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Meropachyinae). Florida Entomologist 92 (1): 134 - 138, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1653/024.092.0120" title="New Species of Merocoris (Merocoris) Perty from Brazil, with Keys to Known Subgenera and Species of the Tribe Merocorini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Meropachyinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1653/024.092.0120" volume="92" year="2009">Brailovsky and Barrera 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coreinae">Coreinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
has repeatedly been recovered as paraphyletic with regards to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Meropachyinae">Meropachyinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and based upon the typical
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Meropachyinae">Meropachyinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
leg morphology we expect these fossil coreids do not fall within this clade but likely somewhere else within the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coreinae">Coreinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12353" author="Forthman, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="520 - 534" refId="B11" refString="Forthman, M, Miller, CW, Kimball, RT, 2019. Phylogenomic analysis suggests Coreidae and Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are not monophyletic. Zoologica Scripta 48: 520 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12353" title="Phylogenomic analysis suggests Coreidae and Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12353" volume="48" year="2019">Forthman et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa009" author="Forthman, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B12" refString="Forthman, M, Miller, CW, Kimball, RT, 2020. Phylogenomics of the Leaf-Footed Bug Subfamily Coreinae (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 4(4) (2): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa009" title="Phylogenomics of the Leaf-Footed Bug Subfamily Coreinae (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (4) (2): 1 - 15." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa009" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.026" author="Kieran, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="297 - 303" refId="B19" refString="Kieran, TJ, Gordon, ERL, Forthman, M, Hoey-Chamberlain, R, Kimball, RT, Faircloth, BC, Weirauch, C, Glenn, TC, 2019. Insight from an ultraconserved element bait set designed for hemipteran phylogenetics integrated with genomic resources. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 297 - 303, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.026" title="Insight from an ultraconserved element bait set designed for hemipteran phylogenetics integrated with genomic resources." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.026" volume="130" year="2019">Kieran et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Review of spermatheca within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="family">Coreidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4834.4.1" author="Pluot-Sigwalt, D" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="451 - 501" refId="B23" refString="Pluot-Sigwalt, D, Moulet, P, 2020. Morphological types of spermatheca in Coreidae: bearing on intra-familial classification and tribal-groupings (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Zootaxa 4834 (4): 451 - 501, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4834.4.1" title="Morphological types of spermatheca in Coreidae: bearing on intra-familial classification and tribal-groupings (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4834.4.1" volume="4834" year="2020">Pluot-Sigwalt and Moulet (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1873" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Hydarinae">Hydarinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pseudophloeinae">Pseudophloeinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are morphologically unique but that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coreinae">Coreinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Meropachyinae">Meropachyinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were similar, adding credibility to phylogenetic results which
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="don’t">don't</normalizedToken>
|
||
recover
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coreinae">Coreinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Meropachyinae">Meropachyinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as unique (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.026" author="Kieran, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="297 - 303" refId="B19" refString="Kieran, TJ, Gordon, ERL, Forthman, M, Hoey-Chamberlain, R, Kimball, RT, Faircloth, BC, Weirauch, C, Glenn, TC, 2019. Insight from an ultraconserved element bait set designed for hemipteran phylogenetics integrated with genomic resources. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 130: 297 - 303, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.026" title="Insight from an ultraconserved element bait set designed for hemipteran phylogenetics integrated with genomic resources." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.10.026" volume="130" year="2019">Kieran et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12353" author="Forthman, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" pagination="520 - 534" refId="B11" refString="Forthman, M, Miller, CW, Kimball, RT, 2019. Phylogenomic analysis suggests Coreidae and Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are not monophyletic. Zoologica Scripta 48: 520 - 534, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12353" title="Phylogenomic analysis suggests Coreidae and Alydidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12353" volume="48" year="2019">Forthman et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa009" author="Forthman, M" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B12" refString="Forthman, M, Miller, CW, Kimball, RT, 2020. Phylogenomics of the Leaf-Footed Bug Subfamily Coreinae (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 4(4) (2): 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa009" title="Phylogenomics of the Leaf-Footed Bug Subfamily Coreinae (Hemiptera: Coreidae). Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (4) (2): 1 - 15." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa009" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Coreinae">Coreinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are several tribes which have an antennomere that is enlarged (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Amyot & Serville" authorityYear="1843" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="tribe" tribe="Nematopini">Nematopini</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1868" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="tribe" tribe="Chariesterini">Chariesterini</taxonomicName>
|
||
with only the singular third antennomere flattened; Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Examples of ornamentation in live extant coreids. Images A-C, G with expansions on the hind tibiae. Images D-H with hind leg spination D with expansions to the third antennal segment. Images B, C, E-H photographed by Andreas Kay (Ecuador), other images with appropriate citations given individually A Anisocelis flavolineata from Veraguas Province, Panama, photographed by Dirk van der Made (Netherlands) B Unidentified Coreidae from Ecuador C Anisoscelis foliacea from Ecuador D Thasus sp. from Santa Cruz County, Arizona, USA, photographed by Alan Schmierer (USA) E Unidentified Coreidae from Ecuador F Unidentified Coreidae from Ecuador G Melucha quinquelineata from Ecuador H Piezogaster cf. humeralis from Ecuador." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.67730.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/554996" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">1D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="CoreoideaSF Team" journalOrPublisher="Florida Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" publicationUrl="http://Coreoidea.SpeciesFile.org" refId="B4" refString="CoreoideaSF Team, 2021. Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0. [March 25th, 2021]. http://Coreoidea.SpeciesFile.org" title="Coreoidea Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. [March 25 th, 2021]." url="http://Coreoidea.SpeciesFile.org" year="2021">CoreoideaSF Team 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This similarity alone does not warrant a tribal placement and the authors hope that eventually fossils of adult specimens are recovered to help determine a more accurate taxonomic placement as no extant tribe fits morphologically well.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Antennae four segmented, long, but not longer than the body (head, thorax, and abdomen). First antennal segment short and robust (slightly longer than wide or about equal in length and width; always shorter than head length); second and third segments ornamented and quite variable in form interspecifically (can be marked throughout with granulation, setation, or prominent tubercles with margins straight or with spination), each at least three times longer than wide, with the third segment slightly wider and longer than the second segment; and the fourth segment is only slightly longer than head length, flat, and paddle-like, lacking intricate features/expansions as present on the second and third segments. Head approximately as long as wide, compound eyes spherical and variable in their size (can be large, occupying most of the lateral margins, or narrower, restricted to the center third and strongly protruding), located on the center of each side of the head. Pronotum with a margin that expands to the posterior third then contracts slightly. Mesonotum gently expands to the midline and then gently contracts to the posterior. Metanotum with margins that can be parallel or slightly rounded. Abdomen slender, notably longer than wide, with parallel margins. Legs stout, not particularly long. Femora approximately two times as wide as the tibiae, but of similar lengths. Tarsi with two segments, bearing two claws.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="differentiation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Differentiation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Several features differentiate the new genus from the assumed closely related genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Du & Chen, 2021. First, the length ratios of the exaggerated antennal segments differ as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the fourth segment approximately as long as, but notably broader than the third segment, versus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. which has the fourth segment notably shorter than the third segment, appearing paddle-like. Additionally, the thickness and lengths of the legs differentiate these two genera as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long thin legs (such as the hind legs which exceed the apex of the abdomen), versus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. which has femora which are notably thicker than the tibiae, and specifically for the hind leg it appears that when fully outstretched they fall short or at most reaching the apex of the abdomen but do not exceed it. The thorax and abdomen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. are also notably broader than the head width versus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which has a very slender and long abdomen, thinner than the width of the quadrate head. Finally, the pro- and mesonotum differ slightly between these two genera as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a pronotum which expands steadily from the anterior to the posterior and the mesonotum is parallel sided, versus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. which has the pronotum expanding for the anterior two thirds then slightly contracting, and the mesonotum appears to expand to approximately the middle and then contract to the posterior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
|
||
Typically,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Heteroptera">Heteroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
have five instars, as in hemimetabolous insects which they resemble the adults in most morphological features. Our examined specimen which is the type species for this new genus appears to be a fourth instar nymph like was described within
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932" author="Du, B-J" journalOrPublisher="5), Pentatomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B6" refString="Du, B-J, Chen, R, Tao, W-T, Shi, H-L, Bu, W-J, Liu, Y, Ma, S, Ni, M-Y, Kong, F-L, Xiao, J-H, Huang, D-W, 2021. A Cretaceous bug with exaggerated antennae might be a double-edged sword in evolution. iScience 24: e101932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932" title="A Cretaceous bug with exaggerated antennae might be a double-edged sword in evolution. iScience 24: e 101932." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932" year="2021">Du et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on the following characters they reference from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schuh, RT" journalOrPublisher="Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B28" refString="Schuh, RT, Slater, JA, 1995. True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York" title="True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera): Classification and Natural History." year="1995">Schuh and Slater (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: posterior margins of the hind buds not reaching the anterior margin of the first abdominal tergite; ocelli absent; and tarsi two-segmented. As was noted within
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932" author="Du, B-J" journalOrPublisher="5), Pentatomorpha II. The Netherlands Entomological Society, Amsterdam" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B6" refString="Du, B-J, Chen, R, Tao, W-T, Shi, H-L, Bu, W-J, Liu, Y, Ma, S, Ni, M-Y, Kong, F-L, Xiao, J-H, Huang, D-W, 2021. A Cretaceous bug with exaggerated antennae might be a double-edged sword in evolution. iScience 24: e101932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932" title="A Cretaceous bug with exaggerated antennae might be a double-edged sword in evolution. iScience 24: e 101932." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101932" year="2021">Du et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
amber typically does not preserve large inclusions well which is likely why all of these species are being observed as nymphs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
|
||
In addition to our herein described species, we have also seen images shared online of an additional species within
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. distinctly different from our
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna excalibur" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excalibur">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna excalibur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. This second, undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species has similar characteristics of the thorax, abdomen, and legs, and the fourth antennomere which is notably smaller and paddle-like (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Artist recreation of the presently known three Cretaceous coreids with elaborate antennae. Illustrations by Liz Sisk (USA). Dorsal habitus scaled to same uniform length to highlight the antennae to body ratios. Colorations are artistic recreations based upon extant coreids rather than the actual specimen, whose color was not preserved in the amber A Ferriantenna excalibur gen. et sp. nov. B Ferriantenna " club-like antennae " C Magnusantenna wuae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.67730.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/554997" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This undescribed species however differs in that it has the second and third antennal segments heavily armored with prominent tubercles and granulation, making the antennae appear like a medieval two-handed iron spiked mace (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boeheim, W" journalOrPublisher="Polish Journal of Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" refId="B2" refString="Boeheim, W, 1890. Handbuch der Waffenkunde: das Waffenwesen in seiner historischen Entwickelung vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. Verlag Von E. A. Seemann, Leipzig, Germany." title="Handbuch der Waffenkunde: das Waffenwesen in seiner historischen Entwickelung vom Beginn des Mittelalters bis zum Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts. Verlag Von E. A. Seemann, Leipzig, Germany." year="1890">Boeheim 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) instead of blade-like as is seem in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="gen. et" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna excalibur" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excalibur">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna excalibur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. nov. This second species, known only from photos shared online of a singular specimen, was being publicly offered for sale on eBay has since been sold. Unfortunately, the specimen could not be traced/examined and therefore we are unaware whether this specimen will end up in a museum collection for research or with a private collector.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
|
||
The difference in leg lengths between
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. is likely due to the size of the antennae in relation to the body, as the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cumming & Tirant" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Ferriantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ferriantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Ferriantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. nov. are notably less expanded and therefore require less leverage to maintain a stable footing, versus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coreidae" genus="Magnusantenna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Magnusantenna" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Magnusantenna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which needed the longer legs to create a larger footprint to balance the massive antennae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="117" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="117">
|
||
The generic name is derived from Latin prefix
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">ferri</emphasis>
|
||
(meaning weapon) and Latin
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">antenna</emphasis>
|
||
(meaning yardarm of a ship/sail yard which was the origin of the "feeler or horn" of an insect; https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=antenna). This genus epithet is referring to the weapon-like appearance of the antennae of these insects (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Artist recreation of the presently known three Cretaceous coreids with elaborate antennae. Illustrations by Liz Sisk (USA). Dorsal habitus scaled to same uniform length to highlight the antennae to body ratios. Colorations are artistic recreations based upon extant coreids rather than the actual specimen, whose color was not preserved in the amber A Ferriantenna excalibur gen. et sp. nov. B Ferriantenna " club-like antennae " C Magnusantenna wuae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1043.67730.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/554997" pageId="0" pageNumber="117">2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gender is neuter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |