344 lines
37 KiB
XML
344 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="EE2387C7746D0F8067AED6C556168BAA" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10621955" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621955" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1707168940252" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Song, Leina & Grishin, Nick V." docDate="2023" docId="BF04E441FFD12A00B99642E058F2F859" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2023.1016.1-33.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2023 (16)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Quadrus (Zera) vivax Zhang, Cong, Shen, Song & Grishin, 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="433D9C39FFDC2A0DB95643285A67FFDF" masterDocTitle="Genomics-based taxonomic rearrangement of Achlyodini and Carcharodini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="12" updateTime="1707169585435" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="E0CD5326C10EB599D18C91575FA96C48" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="934420DE5A10DF5A58A476AF7F8336A7">
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<mods:title id="A4455E2A47F06D571AFA9E1DFE6B63DE">Genomics-based taxonomic rearrangement of Achlyodini and Carcharodini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="BD71B8ABCD4AE3A23B9A335EC90A1E67" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F3A20366D18B086DCA406029EFE34769">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EB5EDF071CA9A7BB744CCE0F5CC9856A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="5CC2F3614C741511BD6A43444EB04AF1">Zhang, Jing</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA779B541E7669681AA3E411C2C13D04">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="5F761F75637848D52EC552081006C28A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C864535EC7D5EBE60D98DAD5E5E02C00">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="3313082A232ED194CB12CC794CA19E99">Cong, Qian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2B48838A9C5DCE845EF717251D44664">McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development and Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 8816 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="455F7533860E8581BD0CABF27A107DD6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="498035F3C0817A60C05CE268598E545E">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9B877557D37407F62E3FBCCDA1FC741B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="220428398297FEB522C6ED0A8DF0E65C">Shen, Jinhui</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C63E54273FA364E7C610ECA0E785B32B">Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="47969BCB6FAE1BC19B39D93B55D1C995" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="9261A94E8CABE2FD3DB83DDEAD65F8DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="FBF2CF7074A8C4991DEB7999739DD09B">Song, Leina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="21E142917338473ABE148D00CB46AC41">Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="58D529A1F24AA3DB882B3C3BB2898F92" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D2E7761E9885FE23ADE093A246130FE7">Grishin, Nick V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DB84888F49E61EA3426A930FC84609A0">Departments of Biophysics and Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 - 9050 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6F2F3F87E1C656DFA8CC984F2486A332">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="C50CBEA1C068DF3BA0557212EDE7C7D2">
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<mods:title id="B257AD4C62684E2375492058121866FD">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="5FCF5DD5CBAC1800558856C173D37817">
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<mods:date id="66C4901099A419E4E2D8E2895C7AC507">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="90CBFAFCF6A58FABBF9AB8D7C9C4C069">2023-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A4FD25DA3E540F2332F79BAE07BD5D4C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F6767B7CD6CC86AD38E12AA3AB62C2B6">2023</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="980FFCF102A5A435650D18FB0C26C093" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="FAAF33FFC8042F7B97EBFB227588BE1E">16</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="FF5919E6872B6A69D172799744E8A490" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="F264B5E2E25FE51A3ABAEF1579B6645A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A4326644A0B48B8D4DCE698B19B7007E">33</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="4BF17A5C079EB837BF78ACAE815824E3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="21409E8F01828404D2E32429F6664DC2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.10621955</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A1CB9F53498E61620B5EAAB699926F80" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="482232EFBF854D6FC496AAAD219FDF8C" type="Zenodo-Dep">10621955</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BF04E441FFD12A00B99642E058F2F859" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621959" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10621959" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF04E441FFD12A00B99642E058F2F859" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF04E441FFD12A00B99642E058F2F859" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<subSubSection id="7FB706DCFFD12A00B99642E059FFFDCB" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="37125557FFD12A00B99642E058B8FE3A" blockId="13.[192,735,456,485]" box="[192,735,456,485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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||
<heading id="6C5AE23BFFD12A00B99642E058B8FE3A" box="[192,735,456,485]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B99642E058B8FE3A" bold="true" box="[192,735,456,485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00B99642E05BB4FE3A" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,467,456,485]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Quadrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax" subGenus="Zera">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B99642E05B57FE3A" bold="true" box="[192,304,456,485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Quadrus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B81742E15B1AFE3A" bold="true" box="[321,381,457,485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Zera</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B8D842E15BB4FE3A" bold="true" box="[398,467,457,485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">vivax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Grishin,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1EEA343EFFD12A00BB1C42E158B8FE3A" box="[586,735,456,485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="37125557FFD12A00B99642D159FFFDCB" blockId="13.[192,920,505,532]" box="[192,920,505,532]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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http://zoobank.org/
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<uuid id="430B6F82FFD12A00B8C142D159FFFDCB" box="[407,920,505,532]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">6B5F54D9-0706-4CDC-9811-05E1A9414155</uuid>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7FB706DCFFD12A00B99641005F6FFB11" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="37125557FFD12A00B9964100587DFB7F" blockId="13.[191,1442,552,1184]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B99641005B88FD9D" bold="true" box="[192,495,552,579]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Definition and diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Evans misidentified (at least some)
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BAC241005E87FD9C" authority="Plotz, 1884" authorityName="Plotz" authorityYear="1884" box="[916,1248,552,579]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Achlyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="servius">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BAC241005E30FD9D" box="[916,1111,552,578]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Achlyodes servius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="533C28A6FFD12A00BD3741005E87FD9C" author="Plotz C." box="[1121,1248,552,579]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref26124" refString="Plotz C. 1884. Die Hesperiinen-Gruppe der Achlyoden. Jahrbucher des nassauischen Vereins fur Naturkunde 37: 1 - 55." type="journal article" year="1884">Plötz, 1884</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00BDA741015F44FD9C" box="[1265,1315,553,579]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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locality in
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<collectingCountry id="4FBA15C7FFD12A00B99641625B61FDBB" box="[192,262,586,612]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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), which he treated as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BBFD41635E41FDBB" authority="(Mabille, 1877)" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[683,1062,586,612]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyacinthinus">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BBFD41635915FDBB" box="[683,882,586,612]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Zera hyacinthinus</emphasis>
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(Mabille, 1877)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00BD6341625E00FDBB" box="[1077,1127,586,612]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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locality not specified, likely in Central America). Above, we placed
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BB2D4144595DFD59" authority="Evans, 1953" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1953" box="[635,826,619,646]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BB2D414458C9FD5A" box="[635,686,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Zera</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="533C28A6FFD12A00BBE34144595DFD59" author="Evans WH" box="[693,826,619,646]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="26 - 53" refId="ref25536" refString="Evans WH. 1953. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Pyrginae. Section 2. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 246 p., pls. 26 - 53." type="book chapter" year="1953">Evans, 1953</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00BA1E4144591DFD59" box="[840,890,620,646]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BA8E41445F6EFD59" authority="Butler, 1870" authorityName="Butler" authorityYear="1870" box="[984,1289,620,646]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Achlyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zera">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BA8E41445E1EFD5A" box="[984,1145,620,646]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Achlyodes zera</emphasis>
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Butler, 1870
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</taxonomicName>
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) in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00B99741A55BA5FD77" authority="Lindsey, 1925" authorityName="Lindsey" authorityYear="1925" box="[193,450,653,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Quadrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B99741A55B45FD78" box="[193,290,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Quadrus</emphasis>
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Lindsey, 1925
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00B88741A55864FD78" box="[465,515,653,679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BB3441A559E7FD78" authority="Stoll, 1782" authorityName="Stoll" authorityYear="1782" box="[610,896,653,679]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerialis">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BB3441A55965FD78" box="[610,770,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Papilio cerialis</emphasis>
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Stoll, 1782
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</taxonomicName>
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) as a subgenus. Also, as shown above,
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BC6241A65FC6FD78" authorityName="Plotz" authorityYear="1884" box="[1332,1441,654,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Achlyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="servius">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BC6241A65FC6FD78" box="[1332,1441,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">A. servius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is not closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00B883418758E3FD16" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[469,644,687,713]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyacinthinus">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B883418758E3FD16" box="[469,644,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Q. hyacinthinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but instead is a distinct species closer to
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BD3F41875B07FD34" authority="(Sepp, [1847])" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Sepp" baseAuthorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Quadrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrastigma" subGenus="Zera">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BD3F41875EADFD16" box="[1129,1226,687,713]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Quadrus</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BD8841985F76FD16" box="[1246,1297,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Zera</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BC7341985FC7FD16" box="[1317,1440,688,713]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">tetrastigma</emphasis>
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(Sepp, [1847])
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00B83941F95BC6FD34" box="[367,417,721,747]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
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locality in
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<collectingCountry id="4FBA15C7FFD12A00BB7741F858F5FD35" box="[545,658,720,746]" name="Suriname" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Suriname</collectingCountry>
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). However, the species that keys to Evans’ “
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BD2C41F95FF2FD35" baseAuthorityName="Plotz" baseAuthorityYear="1884" box="[1146,1429,720,746]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hyacinthinus" subSpecies="servius">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BD2C41F95FF2FD35" box="[1146,1429,720,746]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Zera hyacinthinus servius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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” and indeed is closer related to
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BB4B41DB58ACFCD3" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[541,715,754,781]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyacinthinus">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BB4B41DB58ACFCD3" box="[541,715,754,781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Q. hyacinthinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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does not have a name and is described here. It is a species-level taxon, not a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00B8BA403C58FEFCF1" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[492,665,788,814]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyacinthinus">
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<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B8BA403C58FEFCF1" box="[492,665,788,814]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Q. hyacinthinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, due to genetic differentiation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AF9649D2FFD12A00BAAB403C5E2AFCF1" box="[1021,1101,788,814]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="12.[194,263,1428,1452]" captionTargetBox="[197,1434,240,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-134@12.[192,1440,232,1403]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 2. Quadrus (Zera) nuclear genome-based phylogeny and type specimens. a) The nuclear genome-based phylogeny of selected species: Q. vivax sp. n. (red), Q. hyacinthinus (purple), Q. hosta (cyan), Q. servius stat. rest. (blue and magenta, with its synonym Achlyodes erisichthon labeled in blue) rooted with the remaining Zera species (not shown; see Fig. 1). Specimens shown below are highlighted in yellow; see Fig. 1 for other notations. b) Lectotype of Quadrus (Zera) servius designated herein, with its labels shown above on the right. c) Holotype of Quadrus (Zera) vivax sp. n. Specimens are in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text. The scale bar at the bottom refers to specimens; the scale bar at the top refers to labels reduced by 1/3 compared to specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621961/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2a</figureCitation>
|
||
), e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 2% (13 bp) in the presence of consistent phenotypic differences described below. Furthermore, while this species is in the same clade as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BB76407F58ABFCAE" baseAuthorityName="Mabille" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[544,716,855,881]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Zera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hyacinthinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BB76407F58ABFCAE" box="[544,716,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Q. hyacinthinus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, it is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BA27407F5F63FCAD" authority="(Evans, 1953)" baseAuthorityName="Evans" baseAuthorityYear="1953" box="[881,1284,855,882]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Quadrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hosta" subGenus="Zera">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BA27407F59B5FCAE" box="[881,978,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Quadrus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BAB440705E72FCAE" box="[994,1045,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Zera</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00BD71407F5E06FCAE" box="[1063,1121,855,881]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">hosta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="533C28A6FFD12A00BD24407F5E9BFCAD" author="Evans WH" box="[1138,1276,855,882]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="26 - 53" refId="ref25536" refString="Evans WH. 1953. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Pyrginae. Section 2. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 246 p., pls. 26 - 53." type="book chapter" year="1953">Evans, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00BC42407F5F21FCAE" box="[1300,1350,855,881]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FBA15C7FFD12A00B9B640515B39FC4D" box="[224,350,888,915]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
), differing from it by 3.8% (25 bp) in the COI barcode. This new species keys to E.38.5b in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="533C28A6FFD12A00BC3640515B6DFC6A" author="Evans WH" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" pagination="26 - 53" refId="ref25536" refString="Evans WH. 1953. A catalogue of the American Hesperiidae indicating the classification and nomenclature adopted in the British Museum (Natural History). Part III. Pyrginae. Section 2. The Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History); London. v + 246 p., pls. 26 - 53." type="book chapter" year="1953">Evans (1953)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and is distinguished from its relatives by the following combination of characters: dorsal forewing without a hyaline spot in cell CuA
|
||
<subScript id="AB295712FFD12A00B88940E15B8FFC05" attach="right" box="[479,488,969,986]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">1</subScript>
|
||
-CuA
|
||
<subScript id="AB295712FFD12A00BB7040E15848FC05" attach="left" box="[550,559,969,986]" fontSize="7" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">2</subScript>
|
||
, dark central area extending neither to the wing base nor the end of discal cell, wing base violaceous, dark area in discal cell more extensive than in relatives and without prominent, continuous pale bar crossing it, but with one or two small, pale, sometimes narrowly connected spots; ventral forewing with a conspicuous tawny spot by the apex and tornal area broadly tawny, could be extending to and reaching costal margin, mostly unmarked, but sometimes with submarginal dark spot(s); dark discal band absent or vestigial on dorsal hindwing; tornal half of ventral hindwing bluish-white, contrasting with the tawny area and not gradually merging into it as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00B8FE47AE5873FB40" authorityName="Plotz" authorityYear="1884" box="[424,532,1158,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Achlyodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="servius">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B8FE47AE5873FB40" box="[424,532,1158,1184]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Q. servius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="37125557FFD12A00B996479D5F6FFB11" blockId="13.[192,1288,1204,1231]" box="[192,1288,1204,1231]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B996479D5829FB10" bold="true" box="[192,590,1204,1231]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Barcode sequence of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00B8B6479D582EFB10" box="[480,585,1205,1231]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sample NVG-19086H02, GenBank OR721875, 658 base pairs:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7FB706DCFFD12A00B99647C95E1FFA6B" box="[192,1440,1249,1460]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="37125557FFD12A00B99647C95E1FFA6B" blockId="13.[192,1440,1249,1460]" box="[192,1440,1249,1460]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">AACCTTATATTTTATTTTTGGAATTTGAGCAGGAATAGTTGGAACTTCTTTAAGTTTGTTAATTCGAACTGAATTAGGAAATCC TGGATCTTTAATTGGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATCGTAACTGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCAA TTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGAAATTGACTAGTACCCCTTATACTAGGAGCACCTGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGAATAAATAATATAA GTTTTTGGTTATTACCCCCTTCTTTAATATTATTAATCTCAAGTAGTATTGTAGAAAATGGAGCTGGTACAGGTTGAACAGTTT ACCCACCTCTTTCAGCTAATATTGCCCATCAAGGATCATCTGTAGATTTAGCAATTTTTTCTCTTCATTTAGCAGGAATTTCTT CAATTCTAGGAGCTATTAATTTTATTACTACAATTATTAATATACGAGTCAATAATCTTTCCTTAGATCAAATACCCCTTTTTGTT TGATCCGTAGGAATTACAGCATTACTTTTATTATTATCTTTACCTGTTTTAGCTGGAGCTATTACTATACTATTAACTGATCGAA ATTTAAATACATCATTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7FB706DCFFD12A00B99646FA58B5F93A" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="37125557FFD12A00B99646FA5FEBF969" blockId="13.[192,1441,1490,1719]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B99646FA5B0FFA33" bold="true" box="[192,360,1490,1516]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="87C55F0AFFD12A00B83846FA5B0FF9AC" collectionCode="DC, USNM, V" collectorName="Aug. & S. S. Nicolay & Nick & QR Code & Grishin" country="Brazil" elevation="900" location="National Museum of Natural History" municipality="Smithsonian Institution" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Washington" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B83846FA5B85FA33" bold="true" box="[366,482,1490,1516]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00B83846FA5BBAFA33" box="[366,477,1490,1516]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="21AB9EDEFFD12A00B8BE46FC5B9AFA30" box="[488,509,1492,1519]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
currently deposited in the
|
||
<location id="3272038CFFD12A00BA7F46FA5EA1FA33" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF04E441FFD12A00B99642E058F2F859:3272038CFFD12A00BA7F46FA5EA1FA33" box="[809,1222,1490,1517]" country="Brazil" municipality="Smithsonian Institution" name="National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="Washington">National Museum of Natural History</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="D776CF2DFFD12A00BD8646FA5B61F9D1" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Smithsonian Institution</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F5699BB5FFD12A00B84746DC5BFDF9D1" box="[273,410,1524,1550]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="51BCCD92FFD12A00B8F346DC5BA8F9D1" box="[421,463,1524,1550]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">DC</collectionCode>
|
||
, USA [
|
||
<collectionCode id="51BCCD92FFD12A00BB4A46DC5813F9D1" box="[540,628,1524,1550]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
], illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="AF9649D2FFD12A00BA4C46DC5901F9D1" box="[794,870,1524,1550]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="12.[194,263,1428,1452]" captionTargetBox="[197,1434,240,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-134@12.[192,1440,232,1403]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 2. Quadrus (Zera) nuclear genome-based phylogeny and type specimens. a) The nuclear genome-based phylogeny of selected species: Q. vivax sp. n. (red), Q. hyacinthinus (purple), Q. hosta (cyan), Q. servius stat. rest. (blue and magenta, with its synonym Achlyodes erisichthon labeled in blue) rooted with the remaining Zera species (not shown; see Fig. 1). Specimens shown below are highlighted in yellow; see Fig. 1 for other notations. b) Lectotype of Quadrus (Zera) servius designated herein, with its labels shown above on the right. c) Holotype of Quadrus (Zera) vivax sp. n. Specimens are in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views, data in text. The scale bar at the bottom refers to specimens; the scale bar at the top refers to labels reduced by 1/3 compared to specimens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10621961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10621961/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2c</figureCitation>
|
||
, bears four printed (date handwritten) labels: three white [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FBA15C7FFD12A00B84F453E5B1CF9EF" box="[281,379,1558,1584]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
: RJ | Petropolis
|
||
<quantity id="F055F8B2FFD12A00BB63453E5812F9EF" box="[565,629,1558,1584]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="900.0">
|
||
<elevation id="BC80B264FFD12A00BB63453E5812F9EF" box="[565,629,1558,1584]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="900.0">900m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
| 6
|
||
<collectorName id="9A583081FFD12A00BBF2453E58BFF9EF" box="[676,728,1558,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Aug.</collectorName>
|
||
’78 |
|
||
<collectorName id="9A583081FFD12A00BA59453E59FAF9F0" box="[783,925,1557,1584]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">S. S. Nicolay</collectorName>
|
||
], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19086H02 | c/o
|
||
<collectorName id="9A583081FFD12A00B996451F5A92F98E" box="[192,245,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Nick</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="51BCCD92FFD12A00B9A945105B75F98D" box="[255,274,1592,1618]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00B848451F5B13F98E" authority="Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin, 2023" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[286,372,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="29" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Grishin">Grishin</taxonomicName>
|
||
], [USNMENT | {
|
||
<collectorName id="9A583081FFD12A00BB07451F58A6F98E" box="[593,705,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">QR Code</collectorName>
|
||
} | 01588802] and one red [
|
||
<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00BD44451F5EC4F98E" box="[1042,1187,1591,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="21AB9EDEFFD12A00BDFA45115EA6F98B" box="[1196,1217,1593,1620]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
|
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00BD8A451F5FE8F98E" box="[1244,1423,1591,1617]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Quadrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Zera">Quadrus (Zera)</taxonomicName>
|
||
| vivax
|
||
<collectorName id="9A583081FFD12A00B85745715B30F9AC" box="[257,343,1625,1651]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Grishin</collectorName>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="87C55F0AFFD12A00B82245715F4BF94A" collectingDate="1995-02-17" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Robbins & Caldas" country="Brazil" elevation="1000" latitude="-22.45" location="Teresopolis" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-42.9833" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B82245715B89F9AC" bold="true" box="[372,494,1625,1651]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00B82245715B8EF9AC" box="[372,489,1625,1651]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="21AB9EDEFFD12A00B8A245715871F9AA" box="[500,534,1625,1653]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount id="21AB9EDEFFD12A00BB4A45715858F9AA" box="[540,575,1625,1653]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FBA15C7FFD12A00BBD5457158AFF9AC" box="[643,712,1625,1651]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount id="21AB9EDEFFD12A00BB8745715893F9AA" box="[721,756,1625,1653]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F5699BB5FFD12A00BBAC457159FDF9AC" box="[762,922,1625,1651]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="3272038CFFD12A00BAF245715E42F9AC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF04E441FFD12A00B99642E058F2F859:3272038CFFD12A00BAF245715E42F9AC" box="[932,1061,1625,1651]" country="Brazil" latitude="-22.45" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-42.9833" name="Teresopolis" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Teresópolis</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="BC80B264FFD12A00BD6645715E97F9AC" box="[1072,1264,1625,1651]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1000.0">
|
||
elevation
|
||
<quantity id="F055F8B2FFD12A00BDCD45715E97F9AC" box="[1179,1264,1625,1651]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
, GPS
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="52993390FFD12A00BC6445715FFBF9AB" box="[1330,1436,1625,1652]" degrees="22.4500" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-22.45">−22.4500</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="52993390FFD12A00B99645535B4DF94A" box="[192,298,1659,1685]" degrees="42.9833" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" precision="5" value="-42.9833">−42.9833</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="43137397FFD12A00B86045525BA2F94A" box="[310,453,1658,1685]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="1995-02-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="53578A7FFFD12A00B86045525BA2F94A" box="[310,453,1658,1685]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="1995-02-17">17-Feb-1995</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="9A583081FFD12A00B8874552584AF94B" box="[465,557,1658,1684]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Robbins</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="9A583081FFD12A00BB3E455258D3F94B" box="[616,692,1658,1684]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Caldas</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (NVG-19086H09, USNMENT 01588809) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="51BCCD92FFD12A00BD9845535F41F94A" box="[1230,1318,1659,1685]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="87C55F0AFFD12A00BC6E45535FEFF969" collectingDate="1984-02" collectionCode="MGCL" collectorName="Rank & D. and J. Jenkins" country="Brazil" location="Sao Bento do Sul" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Santa Catarina" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCount id="21AB9EDEFFD12A00BC6E45535F3CF948" box="[1336,1371,1659,1687]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F5699BB5FFD12A00BC3545535B42F969" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="3272038CFFD12A00B86645B45B88F969" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BF04E441FFD12A00B99642E058F2F859:3272038CFFD12A00B86645B45B88F969" box="[304,495,1692,1719]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Bento do Sul" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" stateProvince="Santa Catarina">Sao Bento do Sul</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="43137397FFD12A00B8AF45B45804F969" box="[505,611,1692,1718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="1984-02">
|
||
<collectingDate id="53578A7FFFD12A00B8AF45B45804F969" box="[505,611,1692,1718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" value="1984-02">Feb-1984</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="9A583081FFD12A00BB3845B458CEF969" box="[622,681,1692,1718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Rank</collectorName>
|
||
leg., from
|
||
<collectorName id="9A583081FFD12A00BA7745B559BEF969" box="[801,985,1692,1719]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">D. and J. Jenkins</collectorName>
|
||
collection (NVG-15093C04) [
|
||
<collectionCode id="51BCCD92FFD12A00BC7C45B45FE5F969" box="[1322,1410,1692,1718]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">MGCL</collectionCode>
|
||
]
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="37125557FFD12A00B99645E358B5F93A" blockId="13.[192,722,1739,1765]" box="[192,722,1739,1765]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B99645E35B3CF93A" bold="true" box="[192,347,1739,1765]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E816EBF5FFD12A00B99645E35A9EF93A" box="[192,249,1739,1765]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FBA15C7FFD12A00B83745E35BC1F93A" box="[353,422,1739,1765]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="F5699BB5FFD12A00B8F945E35828F93A" box="[431,591,1739,1765]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Petrópolis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7FB706DCFFD12A00B99645D2599CF888" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="37125557FFD12A00B99645D2599CF888" blockId="13.[192,1440,1786,1880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B99645D25B23F8CB" bold="true" box="[192,324,1786,1812]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
In Latin,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0AD2ED4FFD12A00B8F845D35B8EF8CB" authorityName="Zhang & Cong & Shen & Song & Grishin" authorityYear="2023" box="[430,489,1787,1812]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Quadrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vivax">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B8F845D35B8EF8CB" box="[430,489,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">vivax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
means lively or vibrant, given for the contrasty and more vivid appearance of this species compared to its relatives: ventral side of wings with more conspicuous tawny patches and spots and brighter, whiter, better defined pale area on the hindwing. The name is an adjective.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7FB706DCFFD12A00B996444458F2F859" box="[192,661,1900,1926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="37125557FFD12A00B996444458F2F859" blockId="13.[192,661,1900,1926]" box="[192,661,1900,1926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="05D98945FFD12A00B99644445B3CF859" bold="true" box="[192,347,1900,1926]" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Southeast and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4FBA15C7FFD12A00BB1A444458F7F859" box="[588,656,1900,1926]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="12">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |