473 lines
38 KiB
XML
473 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.42.8455" ID-PMC="PMC4225075" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-42-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="220A99134B5CFD1E5E39D053FFB6757D" ID-PubMed="25383012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576251" ModsDocID="1314-2003-42-57" checkinTime="1451251668893" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dorr, Laurence J. & Stergios, Basil" docDate="2014" docId="88C25DD8D0D4BBBD3E825034BFEAB1CB" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 42: 57-76" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 42" docPubDate="2014-10-24" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.42.8455" docTitle="Pilea nicholasii Dorr & Stergios 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="220A99134B5CFD1E5E39D053FFB6757D" lastPageNumber="62" masterDocId="220A99134B5CFD1E5E39D053FFB6757D" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="76" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1668141252568" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Four new species of Andean Pilea (Urticaceae), with additional notes on the genus in Venezuela</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Dorr, Laurence J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, MRC- 166, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dorrl@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Stergios, Basil</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Universidad Nacional Experimental de los Llanos Occidentales " Ezequiel Zamora " (UNELLEZ), Mesa de Cavacas, Guanare, Estado Portuguesa 3323, Venezuela</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2014-10-24</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>42</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>57</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>76</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.42.8455</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.42.8455</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-42-57</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">220A99134B5CFD1E5E39D053FFB6757D</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576251</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025197" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:88C25DD8D0D4BBBD3E825034BFEAB1CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/88C25DD8D0D4BBBD3E825034BFEAB1CB" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="88C25DD8-D0D4-BBBD-3E82-5034BFEAB1CB" authority="Dorr & Stergios" authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii" status="sp. nov.">Pilea nicholasii Dorr & Stergios</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="60">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Pilea nicholasii. A Habit; note the unequal leaf laminae at each node B Leaf detail (major lamina upper surface) showing cystoliths C Stipules, stem, and petiole bases with cystoliths D Staminate inflorescence E Staminate flower + / - in bud F Staminate flower showing stamens G Infructescence H, I Pistillate flowers with developing achenes. (A, D-F from B. Stergios et al. 20074 (US); B, C from B. Stergios & R. Caracas 19671 (US); G-I from B. Stergios 19986 (US ))." pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dorr & Stergios, 2014" authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="61" start="start">Pilea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. C, Dorr et al., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 40: 147. 2000 [2001].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea hydrocotyliflora" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydrocotyliflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea hydrocotyliflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Killip from which it can be distinguished by the distinctly asymmetrical laminae that are pruinose (i.e., with a waxy, powdery, whitish bloom) below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="type">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Type.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">VENEZUELA.</emphasis>
|
||
Trujillo: Mpio.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Parque Nacional Guaramacal, Laguna de Agua Negra - parte alto [sic] de la Qda. Salvaje, 2000-2100 m, 14 Apr 2003,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios & L.J. Dorr 20208</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: PORT [86924]; isotypes: BM, G, K, MO, NY, P, US [00728426]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Herb, to 50 cm tall; terrestrial or hemiepiphytic; monoecious. Stems erect, ascending or spreading, rarely trailing, branched or not, succulent, drying brown or dark reddish-brown, glabrous, younger stems often with minute peltate glands, cystoliths fusiform or absent, internodes 6-50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
ca 1-3 mm (shorter distally), terete,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
flattened when dry, fragrant when crushed (fide
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Licata & Culleo 233</emphasis>
|
||
). Stipules ca 1-1.25 mm long, broadly deltate, drying dark brown, persistent. Leaves petiolate, distichous; petioles at each node unequal by a ratio of 1:4.3-17 (-33); major petioles 12-33 mm long, canaliculate above, glabrous; minor petioles 1-4 mm long or subsessile, canaliculate above, glabrous; laminae of leaves at each node unequal by a ratio of 1:1.2-3.2; major laminae in a pair 3.7-9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4-3.2 cm (laminae usually larger distally), ovate or obovate, asymmetrical, subcoriaceous, 3-nerved from the base or lateral nerves diverging from midrib 1-2 mm above the base, sometimes forming flap-like domatia where the 3 nerves join, midrib and lateral nerves prominent or not, lateral nerves visible almost the entire length but disappearing just below the apex, secondary nerves 6-9 (-20) pair, often becoming obscure or fading distally, borne 60-80 (-90)° to the midrib, often strongly curved distally, upper surface dark green, drying dark brown or reddish-brown, glabrous or with minute, peltate scales, cystoliths fusiform, varying in length, lower surface pruinose, pale green, drying whitish with scattered dark spots and minute, peltate scales, cystoliths sometimes present, base cuneate or less commonly truncate, asymmetrical, margin regularly toothed, sometimes teeth overlapping the lamina, apex acute to shortly acuminate, sometimes asymmetrical; minor laminae in a pair 1.4-3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.8-1.6 mm, otherwise as major laminae. Inflorescences 1-5 per stem, unisexual; bracts ca 1 mm long; bracteoles ca 1 mm long. Staminate inflorescences 1 per axil, 33-50 mm long, bearing (18-) 40-60 flowers in a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
compact to loose cyme; peduncles 25-45 mm long, equal to or exceeding major petioles in length, glabrous except for minute, peltate scales, occasionally cystoliths present; pedicels 0.5-1.25 mm long, glabrous. Staminate flowers ca 1
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5 mm immediately prior to anthesis, white, creamy-white, greenish-white or greenish-red; tepals 4, ca 1 mm long, glabrous, occasionally cystoliths present and also often minute, peltate scales, apices ca 0.25 mm long, glabrous; stamens 4. Pistillate inflorescences 1 per axil, 1-12 mm long, bearing 15-30 flowers in a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
compact head-like cyme; peduncles 0.5-8 mm long, glabrous; pedicels ca 0.25-1 mm long, glabrous. Pistillate flowers ca 1.25 mm long, cucullate tepal ca 1 mm long, elliptic or ovate, lateral tepals minute. Infructescences 23-28 mm long; peduncles 19-25 mm long; achenes 1-1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
ca 1 mm, slightly compressed,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
ellipsoid, verrucose, margin narrowly thickened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="61" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">A</emphasis>
|
||
Habit; note the unequal leaf laminae at each node
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B</emphasis>
|
||
Leaf detail (major lamina upper surface) showing cystoliths
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">C</emphasis>
|
||
Stipules, stem, and petiole bases with cystoliths
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">D</emphasis>
|
||
Staminate inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">E</emphasis>
|
||
Staminate flower
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
in bud
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">F</emphasis>
|
||
Staminate flower showing stamens
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">G</emphasis>
|
||
Infructescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">H, I</emphasis>
|
||
Pistillate flowers with developing achenes. (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">A, D-F</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios et al. 20074</emphasis>
|
||
(US);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios & R. Caracas 19671</emphasis>
|
||
(US);
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">G-I</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios 19986</emphasis>
|
||
(US)).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="distribution and ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Known only from the Andes of Venezuela (Lara, Portuguesa, and Trujillo states) where it is found in the understory of montane and cloud forest; 1900-2800 m.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">This species is named for Nicholas Dorr who assisted with field work in the Venezuelan Andes, but clearly prefers the rigors of Chichiriviche to those of the mountains.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="specimens examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">VENEZUELA.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Lara:</emphasis>
|
||
Mpio.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Morán">Moran</normalizedToken>
|
||
: SW-facing slopes at Los Aposentos, above Las Sabanetas, above Humocaro Bajo, 2500-2530 m, 3 Feb 1944,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">J.A. Steyermark 55213</emphasis>
|
||
(NY, US, VEN); Pica que va desde Buenos Aires a
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
Las Rosas,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.566667">09°34'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.1">070°06'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2300-2600 m, 15 Nov 1984,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">H. van der Werff & R. Rivero 7963</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Portuguesa:</emphasis>
|
||
Mpio. Sucre: Fila del Helechal, en el
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="límite">limite</normalizedToken>
|
||
con el Edo. Lara, 80 km al NO de Guanare, al N de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chabasquén">Chabasquen</normalizedToken>
|
||
, ca 2000 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.533334">09°32'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="069" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-69.975">069°58'30"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 9 Feb 1984,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios et al. 6722</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT, US).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Trujillo:</emphasis>
|
||
Mpio.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
|
||
: Guaramacal, 20 km al E de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
|
||
, ca
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.233334">09°14'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.183334">070°11'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1900-2300 m, 7 Feb 1987,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">G. Aymard et al. 5226</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, vertiente sur, ca 09°12'45'N,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="-70.16417">070°09'51"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2350 m, 21 Apr 1998,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">N. Cuello et al. 1416</emphasis>
|
||
(NY, PORT, US); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, trail from la Laguna de las Aguas Negras to la Qda. Salvaje, N slope of mountain,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.316667">09°19'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.183334">070°11'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 27 Oct 1998,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">L.J. Dorr et al. 8279</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT, US); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, road from
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
|
||
to Guaramacal, SE of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
|
||
, ca 15 km from the post of the park guards, S slope of mountain,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.216666">09°13'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.2">070°12'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3 Nov 1998,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">L.J. Dorr et al. 8455</emphasis>
|
||
(K, MO, PORT, US), Ibid.,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">L.J. Dorr et al. 8471</emphasis>
|
||
(G, K, MO, P, PORT, US); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, trail from El Cafenol (E of Mosquey) to Fila Los Recostaderos, 1790-2200 m, 12 Jun 2001,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">L.J. Dorr et al. 8872</emphasis>
|
||
(G, K, MO, P, PORT, US); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, en la vertiente norte, 2300 m, 27 May 1995,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">A. Licata & N. Cuello 158</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT, US), Ibid.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="59.78" value="9.249939">09°14'59.78"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="43.36" value="-70.21204">070°12'43.36"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2100 m, 19 Jun 1995,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">A. Licata & N. Cuello 233</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT, US); Camino al Cerro Guaramacal via la laguna de "Los Cedros," 21 Mar 1981,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios 2544</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT); P.N. Guaramacal, vertiente norte, 2100 m, Mar 2003,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios 19986</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT, US); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, sector trocha Laguna Negra - quebrada del Salvaje, 1850-2100 m, 15 Jun 2002,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios & R. Caracas 19671</emphasis>
|
||
(MO, PORT, US); Fila de Agua Fria,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="16.70" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="9.278334">09°16.70'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="8.65" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-70.144165">070°8.65'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2700-2800 m, Jan-Feb 1996,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios & L. Zambrano 17701</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT, US); Cerro Guaramacal,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boconó">Bocono</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.25">09°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.21667">070°13'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, ca 2000 m, 29 Nov 1983,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios et al. 6561</emphasis>
|
||
(NY, PORT); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, trail from Casa Vicuyal toward
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Vicuyal, 2200-2600 m, 10 Apr 2003,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios et al. 20074</emphasis>
|
||
(G, K, MO, NY, PORT, US); Parque Nacional Guaramacal, NE slopes of Cerro Guaramacal between Laguna de Los Cedros and the summit of the road to Guaramacal,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.25">09°15'N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 070°125'W, 21 Sep 2003,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">B. Stergios et al. 20639</emphasis>
|
||
(PORT, US). Mpio. Carache: Entre La
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Peña">Pena</normalizedToken>
|
||
y Agua de Obispo, 22-28 km de Carache, 2400-2500 m, 1 Mar 1971,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">J.A. Steyermark 104972</emphasis>
|
||
(US-2 sheets).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The majority of collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have either staminate or pistillate inflorescences on a stem. Several collections, including the type (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Stergios & Dorr 20208</emphasis>
|
||
), however, have both staminate and pistillate inflorescences on the same stem, and at least one collection (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Cuello et al. 1416</emphasis>
|
||
) has both staminate and pistillate inflorescences arising from the same leaf axil. This suggests to us that the species is monoecious rather than dioecious.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Sometimes the pedicels on staminate inflorescences are sterile. The cause of this is not clear: it may be that some male flowers are caducous or, as suggested by one of the reviewers of this manuscript, the consequence of fungal infection. A number of the pistillate inflorescences, especially on specimens with conspicuous staminate inflorescences, are very cryptic with very short peduncles. Other pistillate inflorescences have pronounced peduncles. In any case, there appears to be a bias toward collecting specimens with either staminate inflorescences or infructescences probably because these plants are more visible and manifestly fertile.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs in the Heterophyllae species group of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weddell, HA" journalOrPublisher="Prodromus" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="104 - 163" refId="B11" refString="Weddell, HA, 1869. Pilea. Prodromus 16 (1): 104 - 163" title="Pilea." volume="16" year="1869">Weddell (1869)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Its placement in one of the species groups proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Killip, EP" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="367 - 394" refId="B4" refString="Killip, EP, 1936. New species of Pilea from the Andes. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (8): 367 - 394" title="New species of Pilea from the Andes." volume="26" year="1936">Killip (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is somewhat problematic as depending upon which pair of leaves at a single node are measured
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls into either
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Killip’s">Killip's</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Centradenioideae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">Centradenioideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group with major leaf laminae more than twice as long as minor leaf laminae or his Capitellatae species group with the major leaf laminae less than twice as long as the minor ones. Among species placed in the former group,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea hydrocotyliflora" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydrocotyliflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea hydrocotyliflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Killip, which was described from Colombia (Norte de Santander). However, the undersurface of the laminae is pruinose in the former and glabrous in the latter species. This makes the leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
look lighter below than above while those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea hydrocotyliflora" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydrocotyliflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea hydrocotyliflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are uniformly green. In addition, the major laminae of the former are markedly asymmetrical whereas in the latter they appear to be
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
symmetrical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also bears a superficial resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea pichisana" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pichisana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea pichisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Killip, another species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Centradenioideae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" rank="genus">Centradenioideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
group that is known only from Peru (
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The major leaf laminae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea pichisana" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pichisana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea pichisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, are smaller than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2-2.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-1.3 versus 7-9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4-3.2 cm) and the cystoliths are different (punctiform versus fusiform).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="62" start="start">Pilea</pageBreakToken>
|
||
nicholasii
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not appear to have any close allies in the Capitellatae species group of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Killip, EP" journalOrPublisher="Contributions from the United States National Herbarium" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="367 - 394" refId="B4" refString="Killip, EP, 1936. New species of Pilea from the Andes. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 26 (8): 367 - 394" title="New species of Pilea from the Andes." volume="26" year="1936">Killip (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. It keys to a group of three species that are monoecious, but none of these three species has the pruinose undersurface of the leaf laminae found in our new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Characters for distinguishing
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea hydrocotyliflora" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydrocotyliflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pilea hydrocotyliflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea pichisana" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pichisana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pilea pichisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are given in Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Diagnostic characters that distinguish Pilea nicholasii and two similar species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AD86022C92A89EC51A2B24042BA4FF6" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" tableUuid="6AD86022C92A89EC51A2B24042BA4FF6">3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="6AD86022C92A89EC51A2B24042BA4FF6" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/6AD86022C92A89EC51A2B24042BA4FF6" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Table 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Diagnostic characters that distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and two similar species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<table pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea hydrocotyliflora" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hydrocotyliflora">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pilea hydrocotyliflora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Killip" authorityYear="1936" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea pichisana" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pichisana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pilea pichisana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Leaf symmetry</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">asymmetrical</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
symmetrical
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">symmetrical to asymmetrical</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Major lamina size</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
|
||
7-9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.4-3.2 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
|
||
4-8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.5-2.5 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">
|
||
2-2.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-1.3 cm
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Leaf base</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">cuneate or less commonly truncate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">subrounded</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">rounded or subacute</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Leaf apex</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">acute to shortly acuminate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">long acuminate</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">acute or acuminate</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Foliar indument</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">pruinose</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">glabrous</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">glabrous</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Foliar cystoliths</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">fusiform</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">fusiform</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">punctiform</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="62" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Using IUCN criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival Commission" journalOrPublisher="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland and Cambridge" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" refId="B3" refString="International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Species Survival Commission, 2001. IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1 (second edition). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, Gland and Cambridge" title="IUCN Red List Categories: Version 3.1 (second edition)." year="2001">IUCN 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) we could not identify a threat to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea nicholasii" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nicholasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pilea nicholasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We are aware of 15-20 distinct populations, the majority of which are in Guaramacal National Park. The extent of occurrence (EOO) is less than 5000 km2 and the area of occupancy (AOO) is less than 500 km2, which might suggest that the species is Endangered (E) under IUCN criteria B1 or B2, but there are> 5 populations and as with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dorr & Stergios" authorityYear="2014" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Pilea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pilea matthewii" order="Rosales" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="matthewii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">Pilea matthewii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we would expect the species to be found in similar habitat along the east-facing slopes of the Sierra Nevada de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |