611 lines
68 KiB
XML
611 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1195-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16" ID-ZooBank="617FBE9C72D1479D83361E9325D74B93" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1195-1" checkinTime="1710549612550" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Caldara, Roberto, Tosevski, Ivo & Skuhrovec, Jiri" docDate="2024" docId="6415E23DEC1F570B88EE4064A7781411" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1195: 1-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1195" docPubDate="2024-03-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328" docTitle="Rhinusa antirrhini" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16" masterDocTitle="Description of immature stages of Rhinusa species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Mecinini) with a focus on diagnostic morphological characters at the species and genus levels" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1710549612550" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="619CCCEC849A262ED4B8F44A4CEE4F1F">
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<mods:title id="92DEA0F27FF462A0F3AEE6726A1DC568">Description of immature stages of Rhinusa species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Mecinini) with a focus on diagnostic morphological characters at the species and genus levels</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="204275E4FC31EA1B847D90B583A4E0E3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C0E4088CFD5A160DE02BCA01D3DCFAB5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EC6ADCC451D17E8810075ADCDABD546D">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C77F0DDB064D7A779610798B47BBD6A9" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-4905</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="93FF5D320541CA24977B0B58C47F252A">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="31D7B61FE41BC65F6E6F0E7F567C7F25" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A3D48C368CA927C8B62D5C2824685CDE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C6007E7E8FF25D13A5E9BCDC8ADA0657">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A665A2FAB8DD136CE034D1AAE1268D6F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-7078</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D13E2B637188C9E9B1215BA74BAF12DA">Via Lorenteggio 37, 20146 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A1E431DD8FDCB0CA96A86038A57A4F8C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7D00D5BCF47DA789B4D894BA715A11B9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4F5B2F4F94E6CBABCD8EF1FF8604A25A">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="092AEAE745D74B30E2F0A9EC2B76F0A4" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-3151</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AB34312EC8C42B7313DAA1D067D86439">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland & Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080 Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A588B557A3F5622FCC7B97E7C31BB20B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C1694C2109AC05402A9C662AD57A8936">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="1917558E5B86C7C5F155C397AB5C2854">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="27417D16CC9B54171B12450E7758320A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="9981B912EB2B68852F5137A6C1D559CF">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="39241D9A544AFC6C7D0133B2041E2FAA" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="6D0AF22C3E43E8ED35C0694CF55432FF">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="AEDF920B7154765CA524F2977234A6D3">
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<mods:date id="92FBAB3F513C1269D9795FFF58DA0D10">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="90694C050A8E7E5B7A5FB8F0F94FAAFC">2024-03-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A18E1D077DDB98B0099B8E7D7D6FCA2A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="03F6F8681613F9690DF3C7C377FB8AF8">1195</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D6A5CE313A462147E8D2AFEEC061AD73">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="FFD1CDB40A43A39A96922BB5FB3844C0">94</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:location id="8EFEFE486D56580C7FDB6DC8991438C6">
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<mods:url id="294AA7F3CC5D85A5E71818A3BA98CCD8">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="DDA4FB28A96F71D8F714941D41DEA877">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C75E089EC808AC344E62669980D61996" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC78718D911559CE7756C325405F9512" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1195-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="977CD63F41105E8239C4693B1073DAF5" type="ZooBank">617FBE9C72D1479D83361E9325D74B93</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3941005234B62B6383B71E00BBFE6195" type="Pensoft-UUID">7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="6415E23DEC1F570B88EE4064A7781411" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6415E23DEC1F570B88EE4064A7781411" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6415E23DEC1F570B88EE4064A7781411" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection id="6C19DF671FC39BAEFFC388D9E4FCA2B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="DF243932359346486D6B43121B0D0165" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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3)
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<taxonomicName id="156CC1AB6B1B9D2B929CFB940CF40C86" ID-CoL="78TCY" ID-ENA="526595" LSID="6415E23D-EC1F-570B-88EE-4064A7781411" authority="(Paykull, 1800)" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa antirrhini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antirrhini">Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="EDF670F348927815BB839F5095716068" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FAE3E94ACBDEAFA2E06B298A36B186DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D187C3D73838C04BE795E0F9C9D151EE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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29 mature larvae;
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<materialsCitation id="6F9F3612B3008D31252515EEF132D0B5" collectingDate="2017-08-15" country="Serbia" determinerName="I. Tosevski." location="Zemun" specimenCount="54" specimenCount-female="26" specimenCount-male="28">
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<specimenCount id="C4C99548D8F11E8A86970F11DCAB8802" count="28" type="male">28 ♂</specimenCount>
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and
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<specimenCount id="85DDA2563A6BC34E98A28F7C1C930511" count="26" type="female">26 ♀</specimenCount>
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pupae.
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<collectingCountry id="7879A21CCF417EC56B983D573D21005E" name="Serbia">Serbia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="C5E0D3AF05D87A0036DD4162FCD58D2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6415E23DEC1F570B88EE4064A7781411:C5E0D3AF05D87A0036DD4162FCD58D2B" country="Serbia" name="Zemun">Zemun</location>
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, ex
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<taxonomicName id="8491C88C908FAC31590CF4645B262F7D" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria vulgaris" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
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<emphasis id="EB8633984D0E972AD0C0E0013A178C72" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Linaria vulgaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Mill.,
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<collectingDate id="90486D82B5BDA5D5DA94602785F51B65" value="2017-08-15">15.08.2017</collectingDate>
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, leg., det.
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<determinerName id="9375C06AFE352BDD3B0D59F92B2A12B4">
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I.
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<normalizedToken id="9767DE88123F81E65F1C315922DC9AA8" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
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.
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</determinerName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="BAB4AE0D50CF5BF8072BF943D21700B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph id="39833813A674DA0E43500081034AA552" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C6D212D748FD26AE832B32BD5B21BA87" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="BC318B8CE5579C57AF4D41FEDADC7E74" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Figs
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<figureCitation id="C715AF7025AC14F13F761924EB60A803" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7E8FFFD2BD0C72398EFA1E321B2F329B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A-E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="014D1802CB1ECCAE70CBBA89DED44EB4" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A-C</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="FC068C46067523550AF78F4BC30A55DD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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(in mm). Body length: 3.00-4.25 (avg. 3.60). The widest place in the body (meso- and metathorax) measures up to 1.25. Head width: 0.55-0.60 (avg. 0.56).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="2FB6128CA1673E3BC5EA5C67DD84A569" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
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||
<paragraph id="A1A15922878A910C7E8490505F232EF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis id="9345A2D1F092801281AA8DCF1F34D540" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 11.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2B7DF9424D2DD5BBE7914CEE767D6374" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa antirrhini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antirrhini">
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<emphasis id="A2B3D14FABB8D8AA1FB16A1956D3F2A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa antirrhini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Paykull, 1800) mature larva
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<emphasis id="60E4E594BBECEAC2B04072425DF3FD93" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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habitus
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<emphasis id="A191573D2E5E3ACCA7691E5DA93FED0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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head, frontal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="442A47E0433252FEEF6D4F2600290701" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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||
<paragraph id="6DC21832627BFC82210CC6B282411F44" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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||
<emphasis id="5C869BE8458E6CB50EB25B3FA879EEDB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="BD979C56156581E22B561A17072C99A1" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa antirrhini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antirrhini">
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<emphasis id="7D29B160E7171F4A04A9B9DD89BA2DA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa antirrhini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts
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<emphasis id="A988EB6C37ABB76114F500485D89CBBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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head
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||
<emphasis id="28219A88FC49F8916D0B8F837EA227A9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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antenna
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<emphasis id="FCA0D825992819795900C9E452E7957B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side)
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<emphasis id="BD38F861CFE862C36EB0596B27E1F1B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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left mandible
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<emphasis id="8E876E2441F37340973004BDE35A6541" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae:
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<emphasis id="0E69D7294DC5EFF0C240580459B34526" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">als</emphasis>
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||
-anterolateral,
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||
<emphasis id="028068A0852F20B7DBD43D7606989033" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ams</emphasis>
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||
-anteromedial,
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||
<emphasis id="2895297F5935EA26E98271B1A566DF6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls</emphasis>
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||
-clypeal,
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||
<emphasis id="702D37E3C3737EF972BB5459C5B8EBAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des</emphasis>
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||
-dorsal epicranial,
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||
<emphasis id="B5D8EF0008361622FC1A71B4C007A1CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dms</emphasis>
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||
-dorsal malar,
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||
<emphasis id="D238237B27AFEC996B3546285D3D1C53" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs</emphasis>
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||
-frontal epicranial,
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||
<emphasis id="6FB3D44237EFDC3A9DB628DC1BACC048" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">les</emphasis>
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||
-lateral epicranial,
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||
<emphasis id="A3479E2EAC8BDB645BAAFEE53AD728F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligs</emphasis>
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||
-ligular,
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||
<emphasis id="B60DF9078426CB34124A54B29EE9847F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs</emphasis>
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||
-labral,
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||
<emphasis id="E646C4B66F32148171BABFAC2BD881C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mbs</emphasis>
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||
-malar basiventral,
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||
<emphasis id="280BF5BD46AAB5FA1D63F6356F83F5CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mds</emphasis>
|
||
-mandibular dorsal,
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||
<emphasis id="17064042949B90011C01E087515BED9B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mes</emphasis>
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||
-medial,
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||
<emphasis id="5BB6793F83B1ED389989010F0550F78F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mpxs</emphasis>
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||
-maxillary palp,
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||
<emphasis id="C03405B3463980C8DA63F74BAF220D67" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pes</emphasis>
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||
-postepicranial,
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||
<emphasis id="117917D5E82855DAF4BF8C53FA4CAE70" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs</emphasis>
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||
-palpiferal,
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||
<emphasis id="B398AAA98B2F75DC01EFAC786A2367AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms</emphasis>
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-postmental,
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||
<emphasis id="806E24823EF55D6EFF0CEDC04CE73DFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prms</emphasis>
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-premental,
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||
<emphasis id="21B6494902E6B2218159C71A0BD32C6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
|
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-stipital,
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<emphasis id="988BAD8F023A0D6CB820688709802F4F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ves</emphasis>
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-ventral,
|
||
<emphasis id="0DBE2BCDC62A1B6BF30438B35F1622BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vms</emphasis>
|
||
-ventral malar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DAC6B8D7F3A8620089A43226BBF17109" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph id="5793F557ED77BE6109055894901B11C3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DE50064B5B22BFD96F10357EB412701" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B02111C04C8DEB0A1C197720ED212B05" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa antirrhini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antirrhini">
|
||
<emphasis id="EF6B5987ACF04174A46F8AA7D6E730EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa antirrhini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Paykull, 1800) mature larva, habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="355CC7B4C08D70EB783624EA45E6FCEB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of thoracic segments
|
||
<emphasis id="2B8E020DA2CDA6F4C5DB08B616059066" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of abdominal segment I
|
||
<emphasis id="C253676A9B92700FF21BE34AB3AFE642" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1-3-number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1-10-number of abdominal seg, setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="B96EBA790D8B5ED880E0C875885B7411" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
-alar,
|
||
<emphasis id="81B36FC3E0E329D77F6F15ED1BC344F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
|
||
-dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="E9A2B8B3C071075C0C43C957ADAF303F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
|
||
-epipleural,
|
||
<emphasis id="3CF90D745109DE488442882D6765DA60" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
-eusternal,
|
||
<emphasis id="DD632AD2E7BB842463114DBD0A079CB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
-laterosternal,
|
||
<emphasis id="438E494D6ED32B34217E47A89E5EBEDB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pda</emphasis>
|
||
-pedal,
|
||
<emphasis id="2951EB157CC51554023045A0F1ED42E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
|
||
-postdorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="56B0FEA61B829AD7CA2C45489C47E312" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prns</emphasis>
|
||
-pronotal,
|
||
<emphasis id="2CE03C1D61C796BAD7CE0F7ADEF8C730" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
|
||
-prodorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="93A493A0CB6253D4E8489053F18DE506" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
|
||
-spiracular,
|
||
<emphasis id="5E973B60309028E420D98FC03283F5E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
-pleural,
|
||
<emphasis id="99456C1357DA0B9E9E28B482452369B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sts</emphasis>
|
||
-sternal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A2622E8612A8518E19847CF5B9EC5C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="65DF5056B3ED9C40F1770413CBEA6C71" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D50B354AD7C7D2DE64C556C952FE05C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">General</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body elongate, slender, distinctly curved, rounded in cross section (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AA6440BF0834DE88ECC4D6EAAACD34AD" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). All thoracic segments almost equal in size. Meso- and metathorax each divided dorsally into two folds (prodorsal fold distinctly smaller than postdorsal fold). Pedal folds of thoracic segments isolated, conical, prominent. Abdominal segments I-VI of similar size, next segments tapering towards posterior body end. Abdominal segments I-VII each divided dorsally into two folds: prodorsal fold slightly smaller than postdorsal; both folds equally in high. Segments VIII and IX dorsally undivided. Epipleural folds of segments I-VIII conical. Laterosternal and eusternal folds of segments I-VIII conical, weakly isolated. Abdominal segment X (almost completely hidden in previous segment) divided into four folds of equal size. Anus situated ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="60A45F1CD6D9684B78E983BCB14881B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Thoracic spiracles bicameral, abdominal unicameral; thoracic spiracles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8FF36EE7FB48A99B84A907AE5896E3B1" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
) placed laterally close to mesothorax; abdominal spiracles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3911101B32857D8B38E6D6CAA6B3C00E" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
) placed antero-laterally on segments I-VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2CB255B82BA318EA4D8137EB546BCAC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="0F4DA059A22E5D86C2213A8DD5B08CE4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="24FC29381FF179874EB3A43DC60BFAF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All thoracic and abdominal segments whitish (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FA075F1DDD5C4BB70FD03E6B38E5FFD3" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cuticle densely covered with fine asperities. Dark yellow to dark brown head, medial parts of epicranium less sclerotised (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="35E7172032D87FE78093917ADCBBBFC0" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="07F93B4030CFD8CEC88D0650F786BCE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A616112E3F34A701C1D59BDF01E2F509" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="46C96BCA18D6FEE6E074DA380DB286C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vestiture</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Setae on body thin, yellowish, different in length (very short or medium).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9E91A4311C6D9D151977148346169F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="83BBAFCA5B9AF0963E56FD47FFFA4E6B" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="E33B7E7688561BF150FCB564CF2B5084" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001239" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">11B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AE324AB6E52888B5F4F5EF9D13180AC" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head slightly narrowed bilaterally, endocarinal line present, reaching to the 2/3 of the length of frons. Frontal sutures on head very wide, indistinct. Single pair of stemmata in the form of small black spots (st) close to the end of the frontal suture.
|
||
<emphasis id="AC3AC095008F2262C183AC55A141124E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Des1</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="8D85920E3AC865B98BE70512F86E3EE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des2</emphasis>
|
||
short, located in lateral part of epicranium; long
|
||
<emphasis id="E460EC22F034C672AFC91361D4914E77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des3</emphasis>
|
||
located anteriorly on epicranium on border of the frontal suture;
|
||
<emphasis id="0E62242D6BF8FCEB485B03524A7423AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des4</emphasis>
|
||
minute; and
|
||
<emphasis id="9A0F9B3CD9BB106B25EF327572282321" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des5</emphasis>
|
||
long, located anterolaterally above stemma (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="777C2EE90E3E09BC0A84E0395A0C2867" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="F93BF7549B2A2AE7AFEE4BCE345B1212" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fs1</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="C77197FD9479831DBCF4D06AE238CBCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs2</emphasis>
|
||
short, located medially;
|
||
<emphasis id="881B91A4111EB83E4442FD299694A404" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs3</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="88F9F36D3BEAE99B450C5A018A702929" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs4</emphasis>
|
||
long, located anteriorly; and long
|
||
<emphasis id="28A381E7BCBCA1D7EAA9876FA344C017" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs5</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally, close to antenna (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="15ABEAC35D81E803F5A4AAE07B97A454" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="BBE1E453119BA261CDF0A5F075150869" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Les1</emphasis>
|
||
short and medium
|
||
<emphasis id="611F2810F1A1A7693B476B0D5AA59B24" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">les2</emphasis>
|
||
; two short
|
||
<emphasis id="84200FDC50A30BEFA5DFDE18A04FCCD4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ves</emphasis>
|
||
. Epicranial area with three
|
||
<emphasis id="095D3DAACB5677980F0214097E00CDA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pes</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A2E61DBA14DC8AF4A62D70B2F96A64CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A9AB43B55002ACE2FCC8163172926DF8" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
placed distally of the frontal suture, on the inside; membranous and distinctly convex basal article bearing one conical sensorium, plus four sensilla ampullacea and single sensillum basiconicum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AC9E2470B07DD454CA6B5524258508AB" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A5037E92EE3F03513FECEB38E40D4884" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1A92D03EE8A49F500C26C42647C4B6EF" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2166D27D0A67278A33BE2B8EC0214B4B" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoidal, ~ 3.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="541BFCBF0BB66E7663C632952AD82632" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long with two short
|
||
<emphasis id="2BC3FB2392C18CB080D62D99A6BDA071" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls</emphasis>
|
||
, localised posterolaterally, with one sensillum between them; except the posterior part, whole clypeus darkly sclerotised; anterior border slightly curved towards the inside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5297001C993D6C6AE7346036413769FF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="66A68DA04A53892387098592C5C4CD40" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4AA38F3FB1A2ACDAC1175EE5802BE08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mouth parts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Labrum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5EBD499EDDE6ABCAA9433BAF4E0922D0" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C</figureCitation>
|
||
) ~ 2.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0CEC58454354DBF39AEC6FE191C0D6E4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long, with three piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="04E974E343CD7036343EB5F48821BBCE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs</emphasis>
|
||
, various long;
|
||
<emphasis id="036616F304603A7DB6BB34469CE2CC27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="467895BCDFDC8A52D973626E4AD7A26F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs2</emphasis>
|
||
elongated, located medially, and
|
||
<emphasis id="14EF816A13A37579C139078AF7D8C3F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs3</emphasis>
|
||
short, located laterally; anterior border bi-sinuate. Epipharynx (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FBB9B6DDE3CA33EF143F8FEC05BAACB1" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two relatively elongated finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="360C40B08FF26B6DE2C415636B12CBBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">als</emphasis>
|
||
, almost identical in length; three
|
||
<emphasis id="E70DF3A404DB2050FB9D9DE84E17A29C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ams</emphasis>
|
||
various in size; and single short finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="7B15CB7A9F4A145A0A6194DD56F4B40C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mes</emphasis>
|
||
; labral rods (lr) distinct, rounded. Mandibles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FD9DD99804545E31A2017530E093CB0" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12D</figureCitation>
|
||
) bifid, cutting edge with additional protuberance; two medium piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="94254EFD45B13460BCED880BE1F18709" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, both located close to lateral border. Maxillolabial complex: maxilla more sclerotised than labium (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="88F31B6375D9896325B2041B604909C3" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12E</figureCitation>
|
||
) stipes with one
|
||
<emphasis id="EF04A39C8F73C770F703BD76C39365DF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, two
|
||
<emphasis id="3550E97E7B1BAA5466ECF4BD37ACC886" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
and one short
|
||
<emphasis id="6DE717E50E5DF6D99CFC48121DB22A85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E81775B46BD491EEDCF850DB275565AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, and both
|
||
<emphasis id="90062ACC4EE4D9C5260016AD58E41E93" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs1-2</emphasis>
|
||
medium; mala with five finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="3CF94E5FBD1765606B11B1CCE0A10FA7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dms</emphasis>
|
||
variable in length; four piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="29058E2A2A3F81926F2C93EF3921583D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, medium to short in length. Maxillary palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere distinctly wider than distal one; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres almost 1:1; basal palpomere with short
|
||
<emphasis id="C5E85E66D7B4FC7F9C9152433BC41130" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
and two sensilla, distal palpomere with a group of two or three apical sensilla in terminal receptive area. Prementum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="04320A851A7D130EE3CC77D59F968E71" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12E</figureCitation>
|
||
) close to oval-shaped, with one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="EB1B2F0A3F259DDBCC94DBE2E015633E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; ligula with round margin and two short
|
||
<emphasis id="10911D16F589EDA167A833B0AEB2751F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite vestigial, only lateral parts dark sclerotised. Labial palpi one-segmented; each palp with a single pore, and a group of one or two apical sensilla (ampullacea) on terminal receptive area; surface of labium smooth. Postmentum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1A6B686D89EF212EBE331BE9E11427CD" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sa-sensillum ampullaceum, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mes - medial, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001240" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with three
|
||
<emphasis id="F2C76916B423214CB067A1AF4563F29F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, elongated
|
||
<emphasis id="C301C9DF7074D939F24E67D4E5267E30" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms1</emphasis>
|
||
located medially, long
|
||
<emphasis id="19CD555029CBB499FB05E0E70688BF3E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms2</emphasis>
|
||
located laterally, and medium
|
||
<emphasis id="DA5912F47739E5FF47E9BB0EAAFC6213" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms3</emphasis>
|
||
located antero-laterally; membranous area smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B3846EF2D2A77B6B4A5A86DE61993FEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="E7999659F9A3D069B425D69C02B5861E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E0E6AAA1C557FAC9BBB8FA25180AD11" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D2396F6F9A2890471EC4EBD38FB55B35" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with ten relatively long
|
||
<emphasis id="B306DCFFCEB43CE9BEACB557C6A7D688" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prns</emphasis>
|
||
; two medium
|
||
<emphasis id="F10993AA5CED5DBCB0469B0CE82BB569" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and single short
|
||
<emphasis id="098D02F679A42FCBBCA21859F13B15B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="167938B1F1E3EF0B1E9B4F64E74BBF81" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
|
||
) without
|
||
<emphasis id="0C1E33EF0CB57A75FDE060D2E0A23ECF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; one minute and two medium
|
||
<emphasis id="974C4847F35003C5C561407B47432E31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="7F49D5D7FDCD9ECA9866C2E12D28A235" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
; three medium
|
||
<emphasis id="8887DAF51DCC5E6396C4A334D7DEE3EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="D62DEC8CA3C08F9175EF8E3DA0D66F04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="B1CBF27AC6B98D3A31E0D280E6DA7659" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and single minute
|
||
<emphasis id="71DC9D93A9E399833E09325F148D07BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Chaetotaxy of metathorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="F0EDECFB162523DDABCC7927AEF44684" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13A</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost identical to that of mesothorax. Each pedal area of thoracic segments with three medium and three minute
|
||
<emphasis id="A87E410BC183E536313FE031F6481A18" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pda</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0BF769F9C92C45D9D823059AE2AF1C89" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3158D8E4F66692F56256323A2D958AF1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="2E6A9A1081BFA3DE1E33F0C6A7BE7809" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Segments I-VIII (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D29E07604B2AB173FA9F845E53468768" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="8EE33271E8F04C4627B7A0EB9835062E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
|
||
(segment VIII without); one minute and two medium
|
||
<emphasis id="6E1DDDCE82AA9069765FE40B71534C1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; one minute and one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="FA0B7D2828A2F003F626F1759E62EE5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; two medium
|
||
<emphasis id="C9B91C913B4B30120643C202BFEF7383" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="3FDE3F1E81B97CF02B96A8E1C05CE67E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="B0B9BD6BC143CE9182F5CE9014D3DC7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="C0476CEA03B72E869437659E30494006" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4AF2E1043CD0D4389FBAA95AF9BD79E7" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001241" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="940EE759AAD075F43D5BCAF136565E7A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="C6BC78C0216B9FAE49254DA09F1F9C82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="0F19B8C669725A9DA719F6E8C96548BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2BF45D102E1F3075CE96411200D87C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="99078C2CE23E33F9DD7F8A43EB6845EF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of pupa</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A4960691357002AE27ADE318CC4C6316" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="19175705D77BDDDC865ACB6B1E7CB6EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0940EB1BDDCC67425607A6B66DADD7D2" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001242" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="72696EE494F7C81B3092AD6687AE9D78" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, h-pr-head protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001243" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="3C6DAA30561E7350457BE8D5BD83EDD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(in mm). Body length: 2.35-3.30 (avg. 2.75); body width: 1.45-1.85 (avg. 1.60); thorax width: 0.90-1.20 (avg. 1.05); rostrum length: up to 0.60 ♂ and 0.75 ♀.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="439ACF590CF3ADEEE297C32C7F63F6E4" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001242" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
|
||
<paragraph id="CD9083DCD95D829B721BC3D99475821B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC7838A20404A6C4A1766D0237E7A980" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05A2517D8C293F5337CCBABB149CCA96" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa antirrhini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antirrhini">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE1B50432673448123239DF60A9A55" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa antirrhini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Paykull, 1800) pupa habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="136EFED6408A4C53A55CB717A550E866" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="4659A9283F245B03BBE5449ACDF2A1D3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="D4AA3935274ECCB96164B966CE47CC49" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1F2C30AE31088B786279FABCBDF54557" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001243" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
|
||
<paragraph id="4178314729960E43B8283DE82C2504DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="97C33D43B16F6A90E8A1713863733C00" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D8F2BB8AB0C947D4D5A2D4012F5612B" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa antirrhini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antirrhini">
|
||
<emphasis id="E8F3AB5F73D569DC29E4BD985FB7E049" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa antirrhini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Paykull, 1800) pupa habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="51ED8B35A615EBB64F527C58C5D9C72D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="94D28A68D4062CCB2698198F29E4E0F4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="4EC474061964B1D5208F1828EB15470B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, h-pr-head protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="B9A41563BCD01DAA5D13E7E703943F75" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
-apical,
|
||
<emphasis id="B920C7B84C7E3314A74971DEF0662B4D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
|
||
-dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="A4BC222E2E69C6729EC095666ABA4BD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fes</emphasis>
|
||
-femoral,
|
||
<emphasis id="8B8556D7B41D754B89826E78BA248D2C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">l</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="DF3E5C78C47636F8809492492EB53A34" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ls</emphasis>
|
||
-lateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="9636AF28510B5BCC9D905B5E694BE2C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">os</emphasis>
|
||
-orbital,
|
||
<emphasis id="DC0EE21E18261A542D5D929BD79EAC3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pls</emphasis>
|
||
-posterolateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="5B147540A7755C95B1423EE930D1BA6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">v</emphasis>
|
||
-ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="010361402EE2196AA4C2296BCE995CD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="E353955F76332866940CB08276373331" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="905E3223336C28D40BE3D7FC83E0898F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Integument white, with some parts dark sclerotised; moderately stout, curved (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AC05A4931307C6BF51522136724BC369" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001242" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">14A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). All pronotal setae placed on pigmented spots. Head with a pair of distinct head protuberances (h-pr) above eyes. Rostrum rather short, in male usually only slightly shorter than in female: almost 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="454D5F1A202B1DE1BC030537D82BBC2F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Pronotum trapezoidal 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ABEE0238A13428CBF22F38E812DE742C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long. Pronotal protuberances (p-pr) conical, flattened, sclerotised, separated at bases. Mesonotum and metanotum similar in size. Abdominal segments I-VI almost identical in size; segment VII semicircular; segment VIII narrow; segment IX reduced. Abdominal segment VIII dorsally with rounded, prominent, sclerotised abdominal protuberance (a-pr). Urogomphi (ur) short, ending with sclerotised, sharp apexes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2FA3E5D2FE7E63299C899A09677FCAB3" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, h-pr-head protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001243" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06730B1C90CCE6BCC7BDBDD6C71F1E7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="08B9028833CD50B6FFE637FFC9C44AFA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="8950D11414A065D90AAD5399C0304AC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Well developed, setae short to elongated, transparent. Head with one short
|
||
<emphasis id="C26DE6D6F88DBD8E21F3E841F8628FE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">os</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6FBF265BFEF94D9A3AB8E03F31CB389C" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, h-pr-head protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001243" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum with two
|
||
<emphasis id="CD390C9388677F04CA5508732D4B439A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
, four
|
||
<emphasis id="0329FEC9CDB2C915C241B6BC2C976B77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, and three
|
||
<emphasis id="C16D24902DD7C98987E3F7C2243CB1B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pls</emphasis>
|
||
almost equally in length. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with three setae of various length, placed medially. Apex of femora with a single long
|
||
<emphasis id="6CEB5BA1DC10D36223226166FA63864B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fes</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="CBA0C40E6313F7EDBBB55B366BFEE76A" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, h-pr-head protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001243" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal segments I-VII with five setae dorsally, variable in length: first and third minute, second, fourth and fifth medium; first to fourth placed close to posterior margin of the segment, fifth placed below stigma (on segments VI and VII all setae medium). Abdominal segment VIII with four elongated setae dorsally. Each lateral part of abdominal segments I-VII with two medium setae. Ventral parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with four medium-sized setae. Abdominal segment IX with two medium setae ventrally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8CD91B4D65B59FEDC268AAA81918CBF5" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Rhinusa antirrhini (Paykull, 1800) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: a-pr-abdominal protuberances, h-pr-head protuberances, p-pr-pronotal protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001243" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">15A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="64819CF8204FE502D0CE5504C857A85E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="B18F6854718AFDAF5F27753328F2E4D6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D0F279E19C8B38A8ED5A77E539B7A951" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species is reported from all of Europe, although it is probable that, especially in the Balkans, it is confused with several cryptic species still to be described on the basis of molecular studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4F9C20A1899B3645215F4CBC02D77A8D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x" author="Hernandez-Vera, G" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="2286 - 2300" refId="B30" refString="Hernandez-Vera, G, Mitrovic, M, Jovic, J, Tosevski, I, Caldara, R, Gassmann, A, Emerson, BC, 2010. Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Molecular Ecology 19 (11): 2286 - 2300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x" title="Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x" volume="19" year="2010">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="28307C69888A345D63B40BC24DDE8272" originalValue="Hernández-Vera">Hernandez-Vera</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; IT, pers. obs.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1480CE0664E929F46DF6D8376BF67AD9" baseAuthorityName="Paykull" baseAuthorityYear="1800" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa antirrhini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antirrhini">
|
||
<emphasis id="277B76C905C04938AA777F747F90C139" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa antirrhini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lives on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02295ED022A14F216DBE8F2207EAB202" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F331DD93A7770227CEA434AA92A8EA79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Linaria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. other than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB9E4ECE5EEA3EE748DF3C9BD587679B" lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="571513B62B8C56D39A17DE1C2F97AAD1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This weevil was accidentally imported into North America at the beginning of the twentieth century, where it became important in applied entomology when proposed for the biological control of the invasive plant species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2FCD7EBAF677B10212936C8F18CEEEB" lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="CB9EDAE0EF78020C3C1C364658F50C71" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3192BA5134DA360EFD713136FF62B398" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x" author="Hernandez-Vera, G" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="2286 - 2300" refId="B30" refString="Hernandez-Vera, G, Mitrovic, M, Jovic, J, Tosevski, I, Caldara, R, Gassmann, A, Emerson, BC, 2010. Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Molecular Ecology 19 (11): 2286 - 2300, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x" title="Host-associated genetic differentiation in a seed parasitic weevil Rhinusa antirrhini (Coleptera: Curculionidae) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04639.x" volume="19" year="2010">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FE6F6B74F491C83DD5718A55EBA608DB" originalValue="Hernández-Vera">Hernandez-Vera</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1DAC567FCB9011AEBB9E8719CD2B000" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.121.4.580" author="DiGirolomo, MF" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="580 - 593" refId="B19" refString="DiGirolomo, MF, Hoebeke, ER, Caldara, R, 2019. Rhinusa asellus (Gravenhorst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Eurasian Weevil new to North America, with a summary of other adventive Rhinusa in North America and a key to species. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 121 (4): 580 - 593, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.121.4.580" title="Rhinusa asellus (Gravenhorst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Eurasian Weevil new to North America, with a summary of other adventive Rhinusa in North America and a key to species." url="https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.121.4.580" volume="121" year="2019">DiGirolomo et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for references). The adult is sometimes confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FACCA8D023D397A58D5B90346635853A" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. dieckmanni" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="dieckmanni">
|
||
<emphasis id="38FB5EF06FEE55F7F2F064507A17A625" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. dieckmanni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as recently shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="77EB025514A7F2EB2141A0AD75F5DD9F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2023.105270" author="Tosevski, I" journalOrPublisher="Biological Control" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 11" refId="B58" refString="Tosevski, I, Sing, S, Caldara, R, Weaver, D, Jovic, J, Krstic, O, Hinz, H, 2023. Retrospective use of integrative taxonomy in classical biological control: The unintentional introduction of the weevil Rhinusa dieckmanni to North America. Biological Control 183: 1 - 11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2023.105270" title="Retrospective use of integrative taxonomy in classical biological control: The unintentional introduction of the weevil Rhinusa dieckmanni to North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2023.105270" volume="183" year="2023">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="22E1A44A1957CBA621A5FF066B5ED64A" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. (2023)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="573D9549B7820FDAD86BEB8A6836CBB7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="D49A99AD60A3164CC15406180204C1A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA06C1492859C6706EAA02B800C827B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This univoltine weevil feeds on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="617A6F37FF9999702CC22757B165B05F" lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="43E278159649E8D83F67B4BF38AE5037" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D24044DEB9CDF5A84E57CE324C8F0D93" lsidName="L. angustissima" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="angustissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="843CB00D283021DD12FC424508F16EF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. angustissima</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Loisel.)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6BBCEAE2277A89C02673A8EBD00F7D9B" originalValue="Borbás">Borbas</normalizedToken>
|
||
, in the capsules of which larvae and pupae can be found. Adults emerge at the end of May, visiting flowers to start consuming pollen, and shortly after that, copulation begins. After mating, the females start laying eggs in well-developed floral ovaries, usually in their upper parts. When oviposition occurs, the outside of the seed capsule has a long, cone-shaped protrusion immediately above the oviposition site. This drives the formation of a semi-gall in that area. The early instar larvae feed primarily on hypertrophied seeds, while older and later instars consume abortive seeds. Most often, a single seed capsule contains one
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F8F655BDA92EF4BC4DFBD4B8C6EFBFAA" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. antirrhini" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="antirrhini">
|
||
<emphasis id="A2639CDA5D15A9037E700B3BBC2BBE2E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. antirrhini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
larva, while at high densities, two larvae per capsule are commonly found. Development to adult takes ~ 30-50 days, depending on the environmental temperature. Newly emerged adults feed on young shoots of their host plant, expressing irregular aestivation periods until mid-autumn, when adults intensify feeding just before entering hibernation. Adults overwinter at the soil surface, sheltered below or between dry plant remains (IT, pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |