436 lines
56 KiB
XML
436 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="C1A7F0CA2BD80E56322A1272EDB32F51" ID-DOI="10.4202/app.00051.2014" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10980713" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1713283499042" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Guan, Zhaoying, Prokop, Jakub, Roques, Patrick, Lapeyrie, Jean & Nel, André" docDate="2016" docId="214687AC174C9D53FF8349F9A052F876" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.61.1.71-87.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00051.2014" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E.4:ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E4780F6D34569985EDF9CACFB9BC780E" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Anthracoptilidae Handlirsch 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="73" masterDocId="DD7FFFD4174D9D51FFE14C1CA261FFDE" masterDocTitle="Revision of the enigmatic insect family Anthracoptilidae enlightens the evolution of Palaeozoic stem-dictyopterans" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="71" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1713974898745" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="01F3B7D976FF333F762526E2920D97C7" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="9BC4EF4569427557B0A45D09057C54E0">
|
||
<mods:title id="BD6BE10D01822D59A35DD7E1D8601C43">Revision of the enigmatic insect family Anthracoptilidae enlightens the evolution of Palaeozoic stem-dictyopterans</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="88B440012DA5DFF875C0EEB24FDCEFED" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2E31EBD4FB1F2D28D2F72A238BAFA7AC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BC4D8000A3496B6BBF0DD5AF07E8F3EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D6990718C3990068FBDD20F45BB875A1">Guan, Zhaoying</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F3E6E9922658A752A47A1D6B2EFB5A78" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="34175440DC599CF6FC131E62404EE7E1">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="58CFDFF00CCB186A4B9B224FFDC28263">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="EE4E38F2CC3C8EB40FAEF5DFA2700A4B">Prokop, Jakub</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="3C37E2748054FEEBA684B259039CD9D8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="2805F6F8D1E5EBA323E11223381E4C45">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CD6EF45EF357B59FEF54D7970D327863">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="32FD372E0D91C330573B2B6FCBFDB4A9">Roques, Patrick</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="2B91C633F9DF3EA6515B696F2B5A8DEB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="27AB74880B753DBC37FF4B2169BA1515">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="73942DA98F9BD2F670ECC1BB733ACBA5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="21DA742CD796E14991A61995A82B01BA">Lapeyrie, Jean</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="ABB2B92E13DB8988C2CC32B750B12BF8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="232B37A1042CB06DDA84B3670A3E9299">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AD496BFE84976B40E4491ACC8405BE5A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DC7E160F4B8B186B928C82FEAFA93338">Nel, André</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="6E0BEFCFC173888364F5B32423D05C17">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="DF3CE997B688E3892441DB6ECE5605C9" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="499FC912DFCEE583B303F6173C3A6B19">
|
||
<mods:title id="F7887DB9706BA49318C451B2ADA09EC6">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="2CA25AC5D8CF52411B4A3A70E46C1399">
|
||
<mods:date id="B04EABD9B15B5097B00611321C4C1DFE">2016</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="C20BC6DD1A7A83400DE9607CE34F8DCA" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="423DD2C6685AFBD32E24A8A89A45EA1A">2015-01-19</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="03F6F83FC4C6FFEE1895ADF73C8E6C75" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="6EA5966C8DBAEED76EE10C4EAF219395">61</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="D0CE63529BBBBBBF4781B5C73ED9098D" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="072E1484471A88DD9043CA662667A426">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="65E14A24F7906F00DDF8E88FEC6C79B1" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="2383FB6745EDA451C55FAF172A9A5F9F">71</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="E054911D3BCD0459978AAB0FD6E0ABA7">87</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="45D52FEE097A7291A23954977805BB42">
|
||
<mods:url id="257971509E77B005E2EF0F62C73598CA">http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00051.2014</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="EF46EF68ED6703DD71D35CB420531087">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D3939557483785C1C77F8E08CB2EAB6A" type="DOI">10.4202/app.00051.2014</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="653B9AA52DC9F080676050A597DE5056" type="ISSN">1732-2421</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="1BF16DCA168BA26966555BC980E4C022" type="Zenodo-Dep">10980713</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="214687AC174C9D53FF8349F9A052F876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:214687AC174C9D53FF8349F9A052F876" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/214687AC174C9D53FF8349F9A052F876" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1F56531174C9D50FF8349F9A01FF9DF" box="[98,638,1509,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174C9D50FF8349F9A01FF9DF" blockId="1.[98,638,1509,1537]" box="[98,638,1509,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<heading id="F21881D6174C9D50FF8349F9A01FF9DF" box="[98,638,1509,1537]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" reason="2">
|
||
Family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FF2349F9A01FF9DF" ID-CoL="6HF" authority="Handlirsch, 1922" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[194,638,1509,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Anthracoptilidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FE4349F9A01FF9DF" author="Handlirsch, A." box="[418,638,1509,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" refId="ref13153" refString="Handlirsch, A. 1922. Animalia Insecta Palaeozoica. Fossilium Catalogus. 230 pp. W. Junk, Berlin." type="book" year="1922">Handlirsch, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1F56531174C9D50FF834A0DA0BAF99C" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174C9D50FF834A0DA0C8F9F8" blockId="1.[98,731,1553,1602]" box="[98,681,1553,1574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
2002
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FF794A0DA3B5F9F8" authority="Martynov, 1938" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1938" box="[152,468,1553,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Strephocladidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Strephocladidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FED94A0DA3B5F9F8" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[312,468,1553,1574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref13588" refString="Martynov, A. V. 1938. Etude sur l'histoire geologique et de phylogenie des ordres des insectes (Pterygota). Premiere partie. Palaeoptera et Neoptera - Polyneoptera [in Russian, with French summary]. Trudy Paleontologiceskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva 7 (4): 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1938">Martynov, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Rasnitsyn 2002: 112.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174C9D50FF834A31A0BAF99C" blockId="1.[98,731,1553,1602]" box="[98,731,1581,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
2002
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FF794A31A3B6F99C" authority="Martynov, 1940" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[152,471,1581,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Strephoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Strephoneuridae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FEDA4A31A3B6F99C" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[315,471,1581,1602]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref13645" refString="Martynov, A. V. 1940. Permian fossil insects from Tshekarda [in Russian, with English summary]. Trudy Paleontologiceskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR 11: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1940">Martynov, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Rasnitsyn 2002: 112, 114.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1F56531174C9D50FF834A52A0EBF945" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="type_taxon">
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174C9D50FF834A52A0EBF945" blockId="1.[97,771,1614,1691]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FF834A52A2ADF9BD" box="[98,204,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<typeStatus id="76548818174C9D50FF834A52A2EEF9BD" box="[98,143,1614,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FF394A52A39DF9BD" authority="Lameere, 1917" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1917" box="[216,508,1614,1635]" class="Insecta" genus="Anthracoptilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FF394A52A306F9BD" box="[216,359,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Anthracoptilus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FE8C4A52A39DF9BD" author="Lameere, A." box="[365,508,1614,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="141 - 200" refId="ref13452" refString="Lameere, A. 1917. Revision sommaire des Insectes fossiles du Stephanien de Commentry. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris 23: 141 - 200." type="journal article" year="1917">Lameere, 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FDC24A52A298F9A1" authority="Meunier, 1909" authorityName="Meunier" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" genus="Anthracoptilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perrieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FDC24A52A162F9BD" box="[547,771,1614,1635]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Anthracoptilus perrieri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FF894A76A298F9A1" author="Meunier, F." box="[104,249,1642,1663]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="37 - 49" refId="ref13679" refString="Meunier, F. 1909. Nouveaux insectes du Stephanien de Commentry. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 15: 37 - 49." type="journal article" year="1909">Meunier, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Stephanian, Carboniferous (= Gzhelian, Upper Pennsylvanian), Commentry Basin, Allier department,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D1F8762A174C9D50FDA04A9AA0E4F945" box="[577,645,1670,1691]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1F56531174C9D50FF834AB3A1EEFE67" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174C9D50FF834AB3A1EEFE67" blockId="1.[98,773,1711,1960]" lastBlockId="1.[808,1482,160,441]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FF834AB3A35DF916" box="[98,316,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Emended diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.—Area between C and
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FDA64AB3A013F916" box="[583,626,1711,1736]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">ScP</collectionCode>
|
||
with a series of veinlets and crossveins (but probably not preserved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FF834AF3A3E6F8D6" authorityName="Guan & Prokop & Roques & Lapeyrie & Nel" authorityYear="2016" box="[98,391,1775,1800]" class="Insecta" genus="Strephocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="permianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FF834AF3A3E6F8D6" box="[98,391,1775,1800]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephocladus permianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); RA with one or two posterior branches (an apomorphic character, but not shared by all taxa in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FF5C4B33A31BF896" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[189,378,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or simple; median vein strongly approximate or shortly fused with
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FE064B53A06BF8B6" box="[487,522,1871,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">RP</collectionCode>
|
||
near base of
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FD7E4B53A0A3F8B6" box="[671,706,1871,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">RP</collectionCode>
|
||
(synapomorphy); branches of
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FE9F4B73A3C0F856" box="[382,417,1903,1928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">RP</collectionCode>
|
||
, median vein and CuA strongly parallel at least in their basal halves(the presence of branches all simple is not shared by all taxa in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB1B4CBCA7DFFF67" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[1274,1470,160,185]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); median vein braced to CuA by a short convex cross-vein mp-cua (a character present in Holometabola,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FADA4CFCA7F6FF27" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[1339,1431,224,249]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Paoliida</taxonomicName>
|
||
and Dictyoptera, but very useful to separate the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FAE94D1CA7A9FEC7" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[1288,1480,256,281]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the archaeorthopteran taxa); CuA and
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FAC54D3CA734FEE7" box="[1316,1365,288,313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">CuP</collectionCode>
|
||
emerging from a long common stem; main stem of CuA strongly convex, but anteriorly pectinate with at least a series of parallel branches, all less convex than main stem of CuA (synapomorphy).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E1F56531174C9D53FCC94DD7A052F876" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174C9D50FCC94DD7A776FC5B" blockId="1.[808,1482,459,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FCC94DD7A1EAFE3A" box="[808,907,459,484]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
.—The family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FBA44DD7A7A8FE3A" authority="Martynov, 1938" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1938" box="[1093,1481,459,484]" class="Insecta" family="Strephocladidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Strephocladidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FAED4DD7A7A8FE3A" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[1292,1481,459,484]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 149" refId="ref13588" refString="Martynov, A. V. 1938. Etude sur l'histoire geologique et de phylogenie des ordres des insectes (Pterygota). Premiere partie. Palaeoptera et Neoptera - Polyneoptera [in Russian, with French summary]. Trudy Paleontologiceskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva 7 (4): 1 - 149." type="journal article" year="1938">Martynov, 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="76548818174C9D50FCD14DF7A103FDDA" box="[816,866,491,516]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FC2C4DF7A746FDDA" authority="Scudder, 1885" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1885" box="[973,1319,491,516]" class="Insecta" genus="Strephocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FC2C4DF7A611FDDA" box="[973,1136,491,516]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephocladus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FB654DF7A746FDDA" author="Scudder, S. H." box="[1156,1319,491,516]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="721 - 831" refId="ref14607" refString="Scudder, S. H. 1885. Systematische Ubersicht der fossilen Myriapoden, Arachnoiden und Insekten. In: K. A. Zittel (ed.), Handbuch der Palaontologie, 1 Abtheilung, Palaozoologie 2, 721 - 831. Oldenbourg, Munchen." type="journal article" year="1885">Scudder, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) is currently considered as a junior synonym of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FA914E17A612FD9A" authority="Handlirsch, 1922" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Anthracoptilidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FC474E37A612FD9A" author="Handlirsch, A." box="[934,1139,555,580]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" refId="ref13153" refString="Handlirsch, A. 1922. Animalia Insecta Palaeozoica. Fossilium Catalogus. 230 pp. W. Junk, Berlin." type="book" year="1922">Handlirsch, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also synonymized with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCC94E57A6D6FDBA" authority="Martynov, 1931" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1931" box="[808,1207,587,612]" class="Insecta" family="Permarrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Permarrhaphidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FC1D4E57A6D6FDBA" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[1020,1207,587,612]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="149 - 212" refId="ref13520" refString="Martynov, A. V. 1931. New fossil insects from Tikhie Gory. 2. Neoptera (excluding Miomoptera) [in Russian]. Trudy Geologiceskogo Muzea, Akademii nauk SSSR 8: 149 - 212." type="journal article" year="1931">Martynov, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(late Permian, monotypic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FC284E70A731FD5B" authority="Martynov, 1931" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1931" box="[969,1360,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Permarrhaphidae" genus="Permarrhaphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FC284E70A61FFD5B" box="[969,1150,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Permarrhaphus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FB704E70A731FD5B" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[1169,1360,620,645]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="149 - 212" refId="ref13520" refString="Martynov, A. V. 1931. New fossil insects from Tikhie Gory. 2. Neoptera (excluding Miomoptera) [in Russian]. Trudy Geologiceskogo Muzea, Akademii nauk SSSR 8: 149 - 212." type="journal article" year="1931">Martynov, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCC94E90A6FBFD7B" authority="Martynov, 1940" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[808,1178,652,677]" class="Insecta" family="Strephoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Strephoneuridae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FC064E90A6FBFD7B" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[999,1178,652,677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref13645" refString="Martynov, A. V. 1940. Permian fossil insects from Tshekarda [in Russian, with English summary]. Trudy Paleontologiceskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR 11: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1940">Martynov, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(early Permian, monotypic genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FC9B4EB0A684FD1B" authority="Martynov, 1940" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[890,1253,684,709]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" genus="Strephoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FC9B4EB0A677FD1B" box="[890,1046,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephoneura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FBC74EB0A684FD1B" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[1062,1253,684,709]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref13645" refString="Martynov, A. V. 1940. Permian fossil insects from Tshekarda [in Russian, with English summary]. Trudy Paleontologiceskogo Instituta Akademii nauk SSSR 11: 1 - 62." type="journal article" year="1940">Martynov, 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (Rasnitsyn 2002;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FCC94ED0A6E6FD3B" author="Novokshonov, V. G. & Aristov, D. S." box="[808,1159,716,741]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="60 - 66" refId="ref13844" refString="Novokshonov, V. G. and Aristov, D. S. 2004. New taxa of hypoperlids (Insecta: Hypoperlida) from the Upper Permian of the Arkhangelsk Region. Paleontological Journal 38: 60 - 66." type="journal article" year="2004">Novokshonov and Aristov 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Rasnitsyn and Aristov 2004; Rasnitsyn et al. 2004). Lastly
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FB9F4EF0A7A9FCDB" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P. & Aristov, D. S." box="[1150,1480,748,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="678 - 703" refId="ref14281" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. and Aristov, D. S. 2013. New fossil insects (Insecta: Caloneurida, Hypoperlida, Palaeomanteida, Jurinida) from the Middle and Upper Permian of European Russia. In: D. S. Aristov, A. S. Bashkuev, V. K. Golubev, A. V. Gorochov, E. V. Karasev, D. S. Kopylov, A. G. Ponomarenko, A. P. Rasnitsyn, D. A. Rasnitsyn, N. D. Sinitshenkova, I. D. Sukatsheva, and D. V. Vassilenko (eds.), Fossil Insects of the Middle and Upper Permian of European Russia. Paleontological Journal 47: 678 - 703." type="journal article" year="2013">Rasnitsyn and Aristov (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed again a synonymy of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB2B4F10A7EAFCFB" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1931" box="[1226,1419,780,805]" class="Insecta" family="Permarrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Permarrhaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCBD4F30A641FC9B" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[860,1056,812,837]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FBD74F30A695FC9B" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[1078,1268,812,837]" class="Insecta" family="Strephoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strephoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FAEB4F30A7A5FC9B" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1938" box="[1290,1476,812,837]" class="Insecta" family="Strephocladidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strephocladidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FC124F50A70AFCBB" authority="Handlirsch, 1906" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[1011,1387,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Ischnoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Ischnoneuridae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FB494F50A70AFCBB" author="Handlirsch, A." box="[1192,1387,844,869]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="661 - 820" refId="ref13126" refString="Handlirsch, A. 1906. Revision of American Paleozoic insects. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington 29: 661 - 820." type="journal article" year="1906">Handlirsch, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCC94F70A6ECFC5B" authority="Handlirsch, 1906" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[808,1165,876,901]" class="Insecta" family="Adiphlebiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Adiphlebiidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FC2D4F70A6ECFC5B" author="Handlirsch, A." box="[972,1165,876,901]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="661 - 820" refId="ref13126" refString="Handlirsch, A. 1906. Revision of American Paleozoic insects. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington 29: 661 - 820." type="journal article" year="1906">Handlirsch, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174C9D50FCAF4F90A19AF9B9" blockId="1.[808,1482,459,1960]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
Comparisonoftypegenera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB9B4F90A774FC7B" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[1146,1301,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" genus="Strephoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FB9B4F90A774FC7B" box="[1146,1301,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FAC14F90A7A3FC7B" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1885" box="[1312,1474,908,933]" class="Insecta" genus="Strephocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FAC14F90A7A3FC7B" box="[1312,1474,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCC94FB0A1BAFC1B" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1931" box="[808,987,940,965]" class="Insecta" family="Permarrhaphidae" genus="Permarrhaphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FCC94FB0A1BAFC1B" box="[808,987,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Permarrhaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FBFC4FB0A6A4FC1B" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1917" box="[1053,1221,940,965]" class="Insecta" genus="Anthracoptilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FBFC4FB0A6A4FC1B" box="[1053,1221,940,965]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Anthracoptilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leads to the following conclusions.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FC5E4FD0A63BFC3B" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[959,1114,972,997]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" genus="Strephoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FC5E4FD0A63BFC3B" box="[959,1114,972,997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB164FD0A7FBFC3B" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1885" box="[1271,1434,972,997]" class="Insecta" genus="Strephocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FB164FD0A7FBFC3B" box="[1271,1434,972,997]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the following potential apomorphies:
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FB534FF1A6BCFBD8" box="[1202,1245,1005,1030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">ScP</collectionCode>
|
||
and radius strongly approximate; RA with two apical posterior branches;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FA964811A7FBFBF8" box="[1399,1434,1037,1062]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">RP</collectionCode>
|
||
and median vein strongly approximate or touching near base of
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FCC94851A12FFBB8" box="[808,846,1101,1126]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">RP</collectionCode>
|
||
; CuA with several pectinate anterior branches; branches of
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FCA44871A109FB58" box="[837,872,1133,1158]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">RP</collectionCode>
|
||
, median vein, and CuA all simple and closely parallel;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FCC94891A138FB78" box="[808,857,1165,1190]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">CuP</collectionCode>
|
||
and first anal vein simple.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB4F4891A1B8FB18" authority="Martynov, 1931" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1931" class="Insecta" family="Permarrhaphidae" genus="Permarrhaphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FB4F4891A7A8FB78" box="[1198,1481,1165,1190]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Permarrhaphus venosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FCC948B1A1B8FB18" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[808,985,1197,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="149 - 212" refId="ref13520" refString="Martynov, A. V. 1931. New fossil insects from Tikhie Gory. 2. Neoptera (excluding Miomoptera) [in Russian]. Trudy Geologiceskogo Muzea, Akademii nauk SSSR 8: 149 - 212." type="journal article" year="1931">Martynov, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is based on a wing fragment that was originally interpreted as a beetle elytron. It cannot correspond to any part of a strephocladid wing, except, maybe the anal area, as supposed by Rasnitsyn and Aristov (2004: 160). Nothing looking like a radius, median or CuA vein can be seen on the original photograph (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FBDE4952A691FAB9" author="Martynov, A. V." box="[1087,1264,1358,1383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="149 - 212" refId="ref13520" refString="Martynov, A. V. 1931. New fossil insects from Tikhie Gory. 2. Neoptera (excluding Miomoptera) [in Russian]. Trudy Geologiceskogo Muzea, Akademii nauk SSSR 8: 149 - 212." type="journal article" year="1931">Martynov 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 28). It remains that nothing supports the attribution of this wing to the same clade with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FC4D4992A626FA79" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[940,1095,1422,1447]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" genus="Strephoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FC4D4992A626FA79" box="[940,1095,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB954992A777FA79" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1885" box="[1140,1302,1422,1447]" class="Insecta" genus="Strephocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FB954992A777FA79" box="[1140,1302,1422,1447]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, we remove the first synonymy of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB4B49B2A704FA19" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[1194,1381,1454,1479]" class="Insecta" family="Strephoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strephoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCC949D2A18AFA39" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1931" box="[808,1003,1486,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Permarrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Permarrhaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
proposed by Rasnitsyn (2002: 112–114), but we confirm the synonymies of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB3F49F2A7F9F9D9" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[1246,1432,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Strephoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strephoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCC94A12A1BFF9F9" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1938" box="[808,990,1550,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Strephocladidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Strephocladidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FBA64A12A76BF9F9" ID-CoL="6HF" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[1095,1290,1550,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We consider the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCC94A32A18AF999" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1931" box="[808,1003,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Permarrhaphidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Permarrhaphidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FBCF4A32A681F999" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1931" box="[1070,1248,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Permarrhaphidae" genus="Permarrhaphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FBCF4A32A681F999" box="[1070,1248,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Permarrhaphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FAF24A32A705F999" ID-CoL="H6" box="[1299,1380,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="class">Insecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
incertae sedis status novus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174C9D53FCAF4A72A325FE43" blockId="1.[808,1482,459,1960]" lastBlockId="2.[151,825,160,1851]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCAF4A72A725F959" authority="(Meunier, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Meunier" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[846,1348,1646,1671]" class="Insecta" genus="Anthracoptilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perrieri">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FCAF4A72A60DF959" box="[846,1132,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Anthracoptilus perrieri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174C9D50FB644A72A75DF959" author="Meunier, F." box="[1157,1340,1646,1671]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" pagination="37 - 49" refId="ref13679" refString="Meunier, F. 1909. Nouveaux insectes du Stephanien de Commentry. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle 15: 37 - 49." type="journal article" year="1909">Meunier, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gzhelian of Commentry, see redescription below),
|
||
<typeStatus id="76548818174C9D50FAD34A92A707F979" box="[1330,1382,1678,1703]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FC9F4AB3A626F916" ID-CoL="6HF" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[894,1095,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB134AB3A7F3F916" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[1266,1426,1711,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" genus="Strephoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FB134AB3A7F3F916" box="[1266,1426,1711,1736]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCC94AD3A1AFF936" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1885" box="[808,974,1743,1768]" class="Insecta" genus="Strephocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FCC94AD3A1AFF936" box="[808,974,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the CuA and
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FB634AD3A6D5F936" box="[1154,1204,1743,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">CuP</collectionCode>
|
||
emerging from a common stem; a distinct brace between CuA and median vein; median vein and
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FBCE4B13A633F8F6" box="[1071,1106,1807,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">RP</collectionCode>
|
||
approximating near base of
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FA7F4B13A7A5F8F6" box="[1438,1476,1807,1832]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">RP</collectionCode>
|
||
; an anteriorly pectinate CuA with branches less convex than main stem of CuA;
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174C9D50FBB34B53A61AF8B6" box="[1106,1147,1871,1896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">ScP</collectionCode>
|
||
ending on RA; branches of main veins parallel between them but less clearly than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FCC94B93A1A7F876" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[808,966,1935,1960]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" genus="Strephoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FCC94B93A1A7F876" box="[808,966,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FBEB4B93A6D1F876" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1885" box="[1034,1200,1935,1960]" class="Insecta" genus="Strephocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FBEB4B93A6D1F876" box="[1034,1200,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Strephocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174C9D50FB254B93A711F876" authorityName="Lameere" authorityYear="1917" box="[1220,1392,1935,1960]" class="Insecta" genus="Anthracoptilus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Protorthoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174C9D50FB254B93A711F876" box="[1220,1392,1935,1960]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="72">Anthracoptilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from them in the presence of several branches of
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174F9D53FD3A4CBCA09FFF67" box="[731,766,160,185]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">RP</collectionCode>
|
||
, median vein and CuA forked distally; presence of a net of very irregular sigmoidal crossveins, instead of being straight and defining rectangular cells between main veins; RA ending on anterior wing margin in a distinctly more basal position; RA without any posterior branches in its apical part (difference with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FE684D78A04EFEA3" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1885" box="[393,559,356,381]" class="Insecta" genus="Strephocladus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174F9D53FE684D78A04EFEA3" box="[393,559,356,381]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Strephocladus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, character unknown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FF764D98A355FE43" authorityName="Martynov" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,308,388,413]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" genus="Strephoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174F9D53FF764D98A355FE43" box="[151,308,388,413]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Strephoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174F9D53FF5C4DB9A0DFFAAC" blockId="2.[151,825,160,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
|
||
An anteriorly pectinate CuA is convergently present in the Archaeorthoptera of the subclade
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FD944DDAA33DFE21" ID-CoL="YT" authority="Handlirsch, 1937" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cnemidolestodea Handlirsch, 1937</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FE594DFAA008FE21" author="Bethoux, O." box="[440,617,486,511]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="403 - 408" refId="ref12559" refString="Bethoux, O. 2005 a. Cnemidolestodea (Insecta): an ancient order reinstated. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3: 403 - 408." type="journal article" year="2005">Béthoux 2005a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the patterns of venation of these orthopteroid insects are completely different from those of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FE3B4E34A0FCFD9F" ID-CoL="6HF" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[474,669,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to presence of basal fusion of CuA with M in the former and to a common stem Cu from which CuA and
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174F9D53FD4B4E75A0BAFD5C" box="[682,731,617,642]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">CuP</collectionCode>
|
||
emerge in the latter. Furthermore, the anterior branches of CuA (+CuPa) are clearly concave in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FD8B4EB6A155FD1D" ID-CoL="YT" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1937" box="[618,820,682,707]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cnemidolestodea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, while the same branches are relatively more convex in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FF764EF0A33DFCDB" ID-CoL="6HF" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,348,748,773]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FE8D4EF0A0ABFCDB" author="Rasnitsyn, A. P. & Aristov, D. S." box="[364,714,748,773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="678 - 703" refId="ref14281" refString="Rasnitsyn, A. P. and Aristov, D. S. 2013. New fossil insects (Insecta: Caloneurida, Hypoperlida, Palaeomanteida, Jurinida) from the Middle and Upper Permian of European Russia. In: D. S. Aristov, A. S. Bashkuev, V. K. Golubev, A. V. Gorochov, E. V. Karasev, D. S. Kopylov, A. G. Ponomarenko, A. P. Rasnitsyn, D. A. Rasnitsyn, N. D. Sinitshenkova, I. D. Sukatsheva, and D. V. Vassilenko (eds.), Fossil Insects of the Middle and Upper Permian of European Russia. Paleontological Journal 47: 678 - 703." type="journal article" year="2013">Rasnitsyn and Aristov (2013)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, refusing the argument of convexity of the different veins, proposed to synonymize the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FEB64F31A076FC98" ID-CoL="6HF" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[343,535,813,838]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FD6B4F31A156FC98" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[650,823,813,838]" class="Insecta" family="Ischnoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ischnoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="76548818174F9D53FF7E4F52A2B3FCB9" box="[159,210,846,871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FED14F52A0F7FCB9" authority="Brongniart, 1893" authorityName="Brongniart" authorityYear="1893" box="[304,662,846,871]" class="Insecta" family="Ischnoneuridae" genus="Ischnoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174F9D53FED14F52A3DEFCB9" box="[304,447,846,871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Ischnoneura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FE2C4F52A0F7FCB9" author="Brongniart, C." box="[461,662,846,871]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="124 - 615" refId="ref12823" refString="Brongniart, C. 1893. Recherches pour servir a l'histoire des insectes fossiles des temps primaires precedees d'une etude sur la nervation des ailes des insectes. Bulletin de la Societe d'Industrie Minerale de Saint-Etienne (3) 7: 124 - 615." type="journal article" year="1893">Brongniart, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gzhelian of Commentry), without giving any argument against the attribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FEC74F93A3D2FC76" authorityName="Brongniart" authorityYear="1893" box="[294,435,911,936]" class="Insecta" family="Ischnoneuridae" genus="Ischnoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174F9D53FEC74F93A3D2FC76" box="[294,435,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Ischnoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the archaeorthopteran lineage (and more precisely to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FE354FACA0FAFC17" ID-CoL="YT" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1937" box="[468,667,944,969]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cnemidolestodea</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FD394FACA2BCFC34" author="Bethoux, O." pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="403 - 408" refId="ref12559" refString="Bethoux, O. 2005 a. Cnemidolestodea (Insecta): an ancient order reinstated. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 3: 403 - 408." type="journal article" year="2005">Béthoux 2005a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FE554FCDA0ADFC34" author="Bethoux, O. & Nel, A." box="[436,716,977,1002]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref12655" refString="Bethoux, O. and Nel, A. 2005. Some Palaeozoic " Protorthoptera " are " ancestral " orthopteroids: major wing braces as clues to a new split among the " Protorthoptera ". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2: 1 - 25." type="journal article" year="2005">Béthoux and Nel (2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 19), on the basis of the pattern of forewing venation typical of those of the Archaeorthoptera, especially in the presence of a concave anterior branch of
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174F9D53FDF3482FA022FB92" box="[530,579,1075,1100]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">CuP</collectionCode>
|
||
reaching the convex CuA, itself emerging from a common stem with M. We reject this synonymy and restore the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FDB54868A175FB53" ID-CoL="6HF" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[596,788,1140,1165]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a separate family, in a different clade that does not belong to the Archaeorthoptera, unlike the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FDDC48A9A08FFB10" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[573,750,1205,1230]" class="Insecta" family="Ischnoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ischnoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. More recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FF1C48CAA3FCFB31" author="Aristov, D. S." box="[253,413,1238,1263]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref12449" refString="Aristov, D. S. 2014. Classification of the order Cnemidolestida (Insecta: Perlidea) with descriptions of new taxa. Far Eastern Entomologist 277: 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="2014">Aristov (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FD8848CAA176FB31" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[617,791,1238,1263]" class="Insecta" family="Ischnoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ischnoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(at least its
|
||
<typeStatus id="76548818174F9D53FF1448EBA346FACE" box="[245,295,1271,1296]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
|
||
genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FE9848EBA064FACE" authorityName="Brongniart" authorityYear="1893" box="[377,517,1271,1296]" class="Insecta" family="Ischnoneuridae" genus="Ischnoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174F9D53FE9848EBA064FACE" box="[377,517,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Ischnoneura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FD9A48EBA33FFAEE" ID-CoL="624CQ" authority="Handlirsch, 1906" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Cnemidolestidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Cnemidolestidae
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FF76490BA33FFAEE" author="Handlirsch, A." box="[151,350,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="661 - 820" refId="ref13126" refString="Handlirsch, A. 1906. Revision of American Paleozoic insects. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, Washington 29: 661 - 820." type="journal article" year="1906">Handlirsch, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="76548818174F9D53FE8B490BA3FDFAEE" box="[362,412,1303,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">type</typeStatus>
|
||
family of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FDA3490BA169FAEE" ID-CoL="YT" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1937" box="[578,776,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cnemidolestodea</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but without speaking again his previous proposal of synonymy of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FF3F4945A3FFFAAC" ID-CoL="6HF" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[222,414,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FDE84945A0DBFAAC" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[521,698,1369,1394]" class="Insecta" family="Ischnoneuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ischnoneuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174F9D53FF5C4965A0B2F8E5" blockId="2.[151,825,160,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
|
||
Note that some holometabolous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FDCC4965A093FA4C" box="[557,754,1401,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Permochoristidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Permochoristidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FCE54965A323FA6D" class="Insecta" family="Permochoristidae" genus="Protopanorpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174F9D53FCE54965A36CFA6D" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Protopanorpa</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) also have a similar pattern of a curved vein in mid part of wing with a series of anteriorly pectinate and parallel branches, separating basally from a simple vein, but the concerned veins are completely different, the anteriorly pectinate vein being
|
||
<collectionCode id="CFFEAE7F174F9D53FE694A01A3D0F9E8" box="[392,433,1565,1590]" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc." pageId="2" pageNumber="73">MP</collectionCode>
|
||
while the simple posterior vein is CuA (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FEEA4A21A3DCF988" author="Bashkuev, A. S." box="[267,445,1597,1622]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="291 - 296" refId="ref12528" refString="Bashkuev, A. S. 2010. New scorpionflies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Permochoristidae) from the Ufimian of Cisuralia. Paleontological Journal 44: 291 - 296." type="journal article" year="2010">Bashkuev 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1). Also the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FD674A21A09CF988" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1839" box="[646,765,1597,1622]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Plecoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
penturoperlid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FEF34A42A3C9F9A9" authorityName="Illies" authorityYear="1960" box="[274,424,1630,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Austroperlidae" genus="Penturoperla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plecoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174F9D53FEF34A42A3C9F9A9" box="[274,424,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Penturoperla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a median vein with a series of parallel anterior branches (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FE0D4A63A008F946" author="Illies, J." box="[492,617,1663,1688]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="26 - 41" refId="ref13239" refString="Illies, J. 1960. Penturoperlidae, eine neue Plecopteren Familie. Zoologischer Anzeiger 164: 26 - 41." type="journal article" year="1960">Illies 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), even in some of them could be in fact interpreted as branches of CuA captured by median vein following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CD7E4B4B174F9D53FDFF4ADCA085F907" author="Bethoux, O." box="[542,740,1728,1753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" pagination="52 - 81" refId="ref12586" refString="Bethoux, O. 2005 b. Wing venation pattern of Plecoptera (Insecta: Neoptera). Illiesia 1: 52 - 81." type="journal article" year="2005">Béthoux (2005b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These similarities support the hypothesis of a convergent evolution between the Archaeorthoptera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FDDE4B1DA163F8C4" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1937" box="[575,770,1793,1818]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cnemidolestodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Cnemidolestodea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FF204B3EA37CF8E5" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1906" box="[193,285,1826,1851]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Paoliida</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6EEF4D39174F9D53FEC54B3EA386F8E5" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1922" box="[292,487,1826,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Anthracoptilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Paoliida" pageId="2" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anthracoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to flight ability.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A95036BA174F9D53FF764B51A052F876" blockId="2.[151,824,1869,1960]" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">
|
||
<emphasis id="9B9BEAA8174F9D53FF764B51A05AF8B8" box="[151,571,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Stratigraphic and geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
.—Bashkirian (Lower Pennsylvanian)–Lopingian (upper Permian),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D1F8762A174F9D53FD274B72A152F859" box="[710,819,1902,1927]" name="Australia" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Europe, North America, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D1F8762A174F9D53FE004B93A051F876" box="[481,560,1935,1960]" name="Russia" pageId="2" pageNumber="73">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |