756 lines
57 KiB
XML
756 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e4188" ID-PMC="PMC4290499" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-2-4188" ID-PubMed="25589873" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1314-2828-2-e4188" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 2" ModsDocTitle="Distribution and habitat of the Laotian Rock Rat Laonastesaenigmamus Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins, 2005 (Rodentia: Diatomyidae) in Vietnam" checkinTime="1451253220443" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Nguyen, Dang Xuan, Nguyen, Nghia Xuan, Nguyen, Duy Dinh, Dinh, Tri Huy, Le, Dinh Thuc & Dinh, Duong Hai" docDate="2014" docId="0D0751B3E753E0A1ABC69E08FD76594C" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 2: e4188" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e4188" docTitle="Laonastes aenigmamus Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins 2005" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="4188" masterDocId="4C66FFAB0551FFA6FFB8FF915F4BFFA7" masterDocTitle="Distribution and habitat of the Laotian Rock Rat Laonastesaenigmamus Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins, 2005 (Rodentia: Diatomyidae) in Vietnam" masterLastPageNumber="4188" masterPageNumber="4188" pageNumber="4188" updateTime="1668122799445" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Distribution and habitat of the Laotian Rock Rat Laonastesaenigmamus Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins, 2005 (Rodentia: Diatomyidae) in Vietnam</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Nguyen, Dang Xuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Nguyen, Duy Dinh</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Dinh, Tri Huy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Le, Dinh Thuc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Dinh, Duong Hai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e4188</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<taxonomicName authority="Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins, 2005" authorityName="Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins" authorityYear="2005" class="Mammalia" family="Diatomyidae" genus="Laonastes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Laonastes aenigmamus" order="Rodentia" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aenigmamus">Laonastes aenigmamus Jenkins, Kilpatrick, Robinson & Timmins, 2005</taxonomicName>
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17°40
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N
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" value="6 Sept 2011">6 Sept 2011</collectingDate>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="3 Sept 2011" collectingMethod="trapping" collectionCode="IEBR, DVZ-Rodentia" collectorName="Nghia Xuan Nguyen" country="Vietnam" latitude="17.668055" location="Vietnam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.940834" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" value="3 Sept 2011">3 Sept 2011</collectingDate>
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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17°40
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105°57
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" value="22 December 2013">22 December 2013</collectingDate>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="12 April 2014" collectingMethod="trapping" collectionCode="IEBR, DVZ-Rodentia" collectorName="Nghia Xuan Nguyen" country="Vietnam" latitude="17.66861" location="Vietnam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.935" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Other material</typeStatus>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="17.66861">
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17°40
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N
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="105.935">
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105°56
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" value="12 April 2014">12 April 2014</collectingDate>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="15 April 2014" collectingMethod="trapping" collectorName="Nghia Xuan Nguyen" country="Vietnam" latitude="17.674166" location="Vietnam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.91805" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Nghia Xuan Nguyen</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Female</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="17.674166">
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17°40
|
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N
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; eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" value="15 April 2014">15 April 2014</collectingDate>
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; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: Released to the wild
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
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Type status:
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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; sex:
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="17.6675">
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17°40
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; verbatimLongitude:
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105°56
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; Event: samplingProtocol:
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; eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" value="15 April 2014">15 April 2014</collectingDate>
|
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; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN223; institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">IEBR</collectionCode>
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; collectionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">DVZ-Rodentia</collectionCode>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="18 April 2014" collectingMethod="trapping" collectionCode="IEBR, DVZ-Rodentia" collectorName="Nghia Xuan Nguyen" country="Vietnam" latitude="17.6675" location="Vietnam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.940834" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
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Type status:
|
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Nghia Xuan Nguyen</collectorName>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Female</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
|
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
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; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude:
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="17.6675">
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17°40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="’03’'">'03''</normalizedToken>
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N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; verbatimLongitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="105.940834">
|
||
105°56
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’27’’">'27''</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">trapping</collectingMethod>
|
||
; eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" value="18 April 2014">18 April 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN224; institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">IEBR</collectionCode>
|
||
; collectionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">DVZ-Rodentia</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="5 May 2014" collectingMethod="trapping" collectionCode="IEBR, DVZ-Rodentia" collectorName="Nghia Xuan Nguyen" country="Vietnam" latitude="17.6775" location="Vietnam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.95944" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||
Type status:
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Nghia Xuan Nguyen</collectorName>
|
||
; individualCount:
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">1</specimenCount>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Female</specimenType>
|
||
; Location: country:
|
||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="17.6775">
|
||
17°40
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’39’'">'39''</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; verbatimLongitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="105.95944">
|
||
105°57
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’34’’">'34''</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">trapping</collectingMethod>
|
||
; eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" value="5 May 2014">5 May 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN225; institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">IEBR</collectionCode>
|
||
; collectionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">DVZ-Rodentia</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="27 June 2014" collectingMethod="trapping" collectionCode="IEBR, DVZ-Rodentia" collectorName="Nghia Xuan Nguyen" country="Vietnam" latitude="17.686943" location="Vietnam" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="105.8975" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
|
||
Type status:
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Other material</typeStatus>
|
||
. Occurrence: recordedBy:
|
||
<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Nghia Xuan Nguyen</collectorName>
|
||
; individualCount:
|
||
<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">1</specimenCount>
|
||
; sex:
|
||
<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Male</specimenType>
|
||
; Location: country:
|
||
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 200-350m; verbatimLatitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="17.686943">
|
||
17°41
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’13’'">'13''</normalizedToken>
|
||
N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; verbatimLongitude:
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="105.8975">
|
||
105°53
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="’51’’">'51''</normalizedToken>
|
||
E
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; Event: samplingProtocol:
|
||
<collectingMethod pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">trapping</collectingMethod>
|
||
; eventDate:
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" value="27 June 2014">27 June 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: PNKB-NXN230; institutionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">IEBR</collectionCode>
|
||
; collectionCode:
|
||
<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">DVZ-Rodentia</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Description</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Fig. 1</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Fig. 2</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Distribution</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
Interviews of local villagers indicated that the Laotian Rock Rat has been found at 35 localities in Thuong Hoa commune (24 localities), Hoa Son commune (9 localities) and Dan Hoa commune (2 localities) (Fig. 3). The interviewees also reported the occurrence of the Laotian Rock Rat in limestone forest extending from Thuong Hoa and Hoa Son communes to two neighboring communes, Trung Hoa and Hoa Hop. Cage traps and box traps were set up in 12 localities within these communes for a total of 9,050 trap-nights in April and May 2014. Only one live specimen of the Laotian Rock Rat was caught in Thuong Hoa commune (
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="17.674444">17°40'28"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="105.91805">105°55'05"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
). This low trapping success can be explained by very low density of the Laotian Rock Rat in the survey area and because of dry season weather. As reported by local villagers, small mammal trapping success is always very low in dry season (from January to June). The live animal was released into the wild after taking its body measurements and monitoring it for a few days in semi-wild conditions. In total, during the period from the first reports of the Laotian Rock Rat in PNKB NP in September 2011 to October 2014, we collected 12 specimens of the species (one live animal and 11 dead specimens collected by local villagers) and checked coordinates of all these localities for the species distribution mapping. The distribution map of the Laotian Rock Rat was established based on data from the village interview surveys comprising 35 localities reported by villagers and 12 localities confirmed by our field surveys. The map showed that the distributional range of the Laotian Rock Rat in PNKB NP area covered about 150 km2 of limestone evergreen forests belonging to five communes (Thuong Hoa, Hoa Son, Trung Hoa, Hoa Hop and Dan Hoa) of Minh Hoa District, Quang Binh Province (Fig. 3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Ecology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Habitat and feeding ecology: The Laotian Rock Rat was found only in limestone evergreen forest on karst slopes (Fig. 4). This species has never been found in montane forest, forest in valleys, or in residential areas or in agricultural fields within the forests, but they can be found on karst slopes just 1-2 km away from villages or several hundred metres away from agricultural fields. The Laotian Rock Rat lives in the lower part of steep karst towers (100-300 m above valley base) with many rock boulders and crevices under tall limestone forest. The animals avoid living in the very low part of karst slopes where seasonal flooding occurs during the rainy season, and their dens are found far away from streams. Laotian Rock Rats use small rock crevices for their dens. During the day time, they hide in the dens, and at night they go out for foraging in forest floor next to the dens. The Laotian Rock Rat was not found in bare karst, but lives only in karst slopes under tall forest (moist evergreen forest) on limestone under 700 m asl (Fig. 4).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Most of the forested area has been affected by selected timber logging; however, a 3-4 layer forest structure remains, with the following characters:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
The canopy tree layer consists of trees 20-25 m high with stem diameter 0.5-0.8 m. The most common trees species are:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Pometia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pometia pinnata" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">Pometia pinnata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sapindaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Dracontomelon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dracontomelon duperreanum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="duperreanum">Dracontomelon duperreanum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Toona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Toona surenii" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="surenii">Toona surenii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Meliaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Paviesia" lsidName="Paviesia anamensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="species" species="anamensis">Paviesia anamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sapindaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pterospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pterospermum grewiaefolium" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grewiaefolium">Pterospermum grewiaefolium</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sterculiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Sterculiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Mahuca" lsidName="Mahuca" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="genus">Mahuca</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Dipterocarpaceae" genus="Hopea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hopea" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Hopea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Streblus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Streblus asper" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asper">Streblus asper</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Moraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Litsea" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Litsea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lauraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Sumbaviopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sumbaviopsis macrophylla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophylla">Sumbaviopsis macrophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Actinodaphne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Actinodaphne" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Actinodaphne</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lauraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Pometia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pometia chinensis" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">Pometia chinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sapindaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Choerospondias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Choerospondias axillaris" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="axillaris">Choerospondias axillaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Alangium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alangium ridleyi" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ridleyi">Alangium ridleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Alangiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Alangiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Knema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Knema" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Knema</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Myristicaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Myristicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); etc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
The middle tree layer consists of trees 10-15 m high with stem diameter of 0.3-0.5 m. The most common species are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Knema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Knema corticosa" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corticosa">Knema corticosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Myristicaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Myristicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Streblus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Streblus tonkinensis" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tonkinensis">Streblus tonkinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Streblus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Streblus asper" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asper">Streblus asper</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Moraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Xylopia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xylopia vielana" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vielana">Xylopia vielana</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Annonaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Annonaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ebenaceae" genus="Diospyros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Diospyros" order="Ericales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Diospyros</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ebenaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Ebenaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Caryota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caryota mitis" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mitis">Caryota mitis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Arecaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Arenga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arenga pinnata" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">Arenga pinnata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Arecaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Camelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camelia" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Camelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Theaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Actinodaphne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Actinodaphne" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Actinodaphne</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lauraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pterospermum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pterospermum" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pterospermum</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sterculiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Sterculiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Litsea" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Litsea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lauraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Ormosia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ormosia laoensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laoensis">Ormosia laoensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Nephelium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Nephelium lappaceum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lappaceum">Nephelium lappaceum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sapindaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Sumbaviopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sumbaviopsis macrophylla" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophylla">Sumbaviopsis macrophylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Paranephelium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paranephelium spirei" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spirei">Paranephelium spirei</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sapindaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Alangium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alangium ridleyi" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ridleyi">Alangium ridleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Alangiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Alangiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Baccaurea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccaurea" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Baccaurea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Aglaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aglaia" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Aglaia</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Meliaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Meliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), etc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
The scrub layer consists of trees 3-7 m high, mostly with twisted stems, many branches, and several stems rising from one base. The most common species are from the families
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Theaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Theaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Verbenaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Verbenaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some dominant species are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Phyllanthaceae" genus="Antidesma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Antidesma" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Antidesma</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Trevesia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trevesia panmalta" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="panmalta">Trevesia panmalta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Araliaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Litsea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Litsea valiabilis" order="Laurales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="valiabilis">Litsea valiabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lauraceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Lauraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Arenga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Arenga pinnata" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnata">Arenga pinnata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Arecaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Excoecaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Excoecaria cochinchinensis" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cochinchinensis">Excoecaria cochinchinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), as well as seedlings of trees from higher layers.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
The herb and fern layer is about 0.5-3 m high, with trees of 0.2-3 m high from family
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Araceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Acrididae" genus="Calamus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calamus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calamus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Caryota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Caryota" order="Arecales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Caryota</taxonomicName>
|
||
(family
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Arecaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and many herb species from various families (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Urticaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Melastomataceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Balsaminaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Balsaminaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Poaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Begoniaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Begoniaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Podipoliaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="genus">Podipoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Convallariaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Convallariaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Zingiberaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Zingiberaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Urticaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Urticaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Acanthaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Acanthaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Some of the most common species are
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Homalomena" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Homalomena occulta" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occulta">Homalomena occulta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Araceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Aglaonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aglaonema simplex" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">Aglaonema simplex</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Araceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Aglaonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aglaonema siamensis" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="siamensis">Aglaonema siamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Araceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Tacca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tacca chantrieri" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chantrieri">Tacca chantrieri</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Taccaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Taccaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Asparagaceae" genus="Aspidistra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aspidistra typica" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="typica">Aspidistra typica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Convallariaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Convallariaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Piper" order="Piperales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Piper</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Piperaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Piperaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Corymborkis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corymborkis veratrifolia" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="veratrifolia">Corymborkis veratrifolia</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Orchidaeceae), etc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Local villagers reported that the Laotian Rock Rat feeds exclusively on plant parts (leaves, roots and fruits) of various plant species. Stomach content analysis, examination of food remains dropped in dens, and observation of a live Laotian Rock Rat in semi-wild conditions showed that the species feeds mostly on plant parts, but also some insects, as follows:</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
Young leaves and buds of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Aglaonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aglaonema simplex" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">Aglaonema simplex</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Araceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Streblus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Streblus asper" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asper">Streblus asper</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Moraceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Dracontomelon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dracontomelon duperreamum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="duperreamum">Dracontomelon duperreamum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Pometia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pometia chinensis" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chinensis">Pometia chinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Sapindaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Moraceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Araliaceae" genus="Acanthopanax" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acanthopanax trifoliatus" order="Apiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trifoliatus">Acanthopanax trifoliatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Araliaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Araliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Perilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Perilla frutescens" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frutescens">Perilla frutescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Lamiaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Lamiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Psidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psidium guajava" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guajava">Psidium guajava</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Myrtaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Myrtaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zea mays" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mays">Zea mays</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Poaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Prunus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prunus persica" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="persica">Prunus persica</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
Ripe fruits of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Streblus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Streblus asper" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="asper">Streblus asper</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Moraceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Ficus" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Moraceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Moraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Dracontomelon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dracontomelon duperreamum" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="duperreamum">Dracontomelon duperreamum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Anacardiaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Anacardiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Alangium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Alangium ridleyi" order="Cornales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ridleyi">Alangium ridleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Alangiaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Alangiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Lythocarpus" lsidName="Lythocarpus fenestratus" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="species" species="fenestratus">Lythocarpus fenestratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Fagaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Musa paradisiaca" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paradisiaca">Musa paradisiaca</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Musaceae" genus="Musa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Musa uranoscapos" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="uranoscapos">Musa uranoscapos</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Musaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
Seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Zea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Zea mays" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mays">Zea mays</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Poaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
Roots of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Manihot" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Manihot esculenta" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="esculenta">Manihot esculenta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Euphorbiaceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Euphorbiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Aglaonema" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aglaonema simplex" order="Alismatales" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplex">Aglaonema simplex</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Araceae" lsidName="Podipoliaceae" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">
|
||
Insects: Cicada (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Cicadidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Cicadidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Mantis (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Mantidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Mantidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), Grasshopper (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Acrididae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" rank="family">Acrididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4188" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">Conservation</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4188">The distribution range of the Laotian Rock Rat in PNKB NP is very small (approximately 150 km2) and located close to the villages of ethnic minorities (Ruc, Sach, Chut). These minority groups are very poor and their livelihood depends on wildlife and forest products. Wildlife hunting is a long tradition of the local people, and a practice that remains extensive currently. Most men 15 to 60 years in age in these villages are engaged in wildlife hunting. Their hunting season lasts about eight months per year (from July to February). The most widely used means for trapping the Laotian Rock Rat and other small animals is a metal spring snare, which has a high trapping success and can trap animals of various body size, such as rats, civets, large birds, and snakes. Snap traps are also used because they are easily made in the forest from bamboo and small trees. Each hunter usually keeps 30-100 active snares in forests; some hunters keep up to 300-500 active snares. It is estimated that 30-35 specimens of the Laotian Rock Rat are trapped by local villagers each year in the survey area. Other threats to the natural habitat of the Laotian Rock Rat include forest clearance for agricultural fields, removal of timber trees, collecting firewood and other forest products that lead to degradation of forest quality, and habitat modification. At present, no specific conservation measures are being undertaken aside from awareness education for local villagers.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |