280 lines
34 KiB
XML
280 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="15439A1CF61474773A586DC07B00E262" ID-CLB-Dataset="46097" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16f488d9-eb77-4ff5-a7ce-99eeb7875371" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252218" ID-ZooBank="D5E03502-7BD3-41F4-A4CF-5537B1462A23" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460404217522" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Makarkin, Vladimir N. & Archibald, S. Bruce" docDate="2014" docId="039287A3FE0F371B23C76BAAFB02F890" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03784p444.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3784 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Dictyoraphidia Handlirsch 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="410" masterDocId="FFABFFDBFE06371223506A3EFFE0FF82" masterDocTitle="A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="410" updateTime="1698299590966" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BD2C536F0410470B14DD9FC27656EB00">A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3117C028448960665BB50C75498D3F3D">Makarkin, Vladimir N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="38BFF4406F14360CB13B53CCFDB1E404">Archibald, S. Bruce</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7807570946AD4124DFE31F7A3C44FEA7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="27620A17D455971FA4E3370CC4FCD623">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A127BD3D472F6AA9D7BAA695A7901D41">3784</mods:number>
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<treatment id="039287A3FE0F371B23C76BAAFB02F890" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6131143" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119420868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6131143" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A3FE0F371B23C76BAAFB02F890" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A3FE0F371B23C76BAAFB02F890" lastPageNumber="410" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE0F371B23C76BAAFD9FFE2C" blockId="9.[151,639,404,430]" box="[151,639,404,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<heading id="D0CC81D9FE0F371B23C76BAAFD9FFE2C" bold="true" box="[151,639,404,430]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B23C76BAAFD9FFE2C" bold="true" box="[151,639,404,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B23BE6BAAFD9FFE2C" authority="Handlirsch, 1910" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1910" box="[238,639,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dictyoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B23BE6BAAFE43FE2C" bold="true" box="[238,419,404,430]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Dictyoraphidia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B22FA6BAAFD9FFE2C" author="Handlirsch" box="[426,639,404,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Handlirsch, A. (1910) Canadian fossil insects. 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits of the Southern Interior of British Columbia collected by Mr. Lawrence Lambe, in 1906. In: Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. Vol. II. Part III. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Canada, 12 - P, pp. 93 - 129." type="book chapter" year="1910">Handlirsch, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653EFE0F371B23C76BE4FCAAFDAC" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE0F371B23C76BE4FCAAFDAC" blockId="9.[151,1436,474,558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2B119BFE0F371B23C76BE4FCAAFDAC" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B23C76BE4FDC1FE72" authority="Handlirsch, 1910: 103" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityPageNumber="103" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,545,474,496]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dictyoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B23C76BE4FED2FE72" box="[151,306,474,496]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Dictyoraphidia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A4FE0F371B22696BE4FDC1FE72" author="Handlirsch" box="[313,545,474,496]" page="103" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B22696BE4FE0CFE72" author="Handlirsch" box="[313,492,474,496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Handlirsch, A. (1910) Canadian fossil insects. 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits of the Southern Interior of British Columbia collected by Mr. Lawrence Lambe, in 1906. In: Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. Vol. II. Part III. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Canada, 12 - P, pp. 93 - 129." type="book chapter" year="1910">Handlirsch, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 103
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B217D6BE4FD36FE72" author="Handlirsch" box="[557,726,474,496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Handlirsch, A. (1920 - 1921) Siebentes Kapitel. Palaeontologie. In: Schroder, C. (Ed.), Handbuch der Entomologie. 3. Band. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 17 - 306. [issued in 1920 (pp. 113 - 208), 1921 (pp. 209 - 306)]." type="journal article" year="1920">
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Handlirsch
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<date id="FF851075FE0F371B21F36BE4FD36FE72" box="[675,726,474,496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" value="1920" valueMax="1921">1920</date>
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
–1921 [1921]: 255;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A4FE0F371B20F46BE5FB66FE72" author="Martynov" box="[932,1158,474,496]" page="244" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B20F46BE5FBB2FE72" author="Martynov" box="[932,1106,474,496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Martynov, A. V. (1925 a) To the knowledge of fossil insects from Jurassic beds in Turkestan. 1. Raphidioptera. Izvestia Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, (VI), 19, 233 - 246." type="journal article" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">Martynov 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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: 244
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A4FE0F371B27C16BE4FF10FD8D" author="Cockerell" page="295" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B27C16BE4FA78FE72" author="Cockerell" box="[1169,1432,474,496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. & Custer, C. (1925) A new fossil Inocellia (Neuroptera) from Florissant. The Entomologist, 58, 295 - 297." type="journal article" year="1925">Cockerell & Custer 1925</bibRefCitation>
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: 295
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A4FE0F371B23AC6BC7FE33FD8D" author="Carpenter" box="[252,467,505,527]" page="145" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1936">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B23AC6BC7FE7EFD8D" author="Carpenter" box="[252,414,505,527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1936) Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (recent and fossil). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science, 71, 89 - 157, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1936">Carpenter 1936</bibRefCitation>
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: 145
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A4FE0F371B228F6BC4FD79FD8D" author="Metzger" box="[479,665,505,527]" page="41" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1960">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B228F6BC4FD91FD8D" author="Metzger" box="[479,625,505,527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Metzger, R. (1960) Die Kamelhalsfliegen (Neuroptera, Raphidiidae). Die Neue Brehm-Bucherei. Bd. 254 A. Ziemsen Verlag, Wittenberg Lutheerstadt, 47 pp." type="book" year="1960">Metzger 1960</bibRefCitation>
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: 41
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A4FE0F371B21F66BC7FC83FD8D" author="Oswald" box="[678,867,505,527]" page="160" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B21F66BC7FCD1FD8D" author="Oswald" box="[678,817,505,527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Oswald, J. D. (1990) Raphidioptera. In: Grimaldi, D. A. (Ed.), Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 195, pp. 154 - 163." type="journal article" year="1990">Oswald 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 160
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</treatmentCitation>
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(as a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B27776BC7FB64FD8D" ID-CoL="775X" box="[1063,1156,505,527]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B27776BC7FB64FD8D" box="[1063,1156,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Raphidia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A4FE0F371B27CB6BC7FA78FD8D" author="Aspock" box="[1179,1432,505,527]" page="536" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="1991">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B27CB6BC7FA84FD8D" author="Aspock" box="[1179,1380,505,527]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Aspock, H., Aspock, U. & Rausch, H. (1991) Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Okologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Ubersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). 2 Vols. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 730 & 550 pp." type="book" year="1991">
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Aspöck
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B27A16BC4FAC0FD8D" box="[1265,1312,505,527]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 1991
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 536
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, 537, 665;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A4FE0F371B227D6826FE27FDAC" author="Engel" box="[301,455,536,558]" page="21" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" year="2002">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B227D6826FE44FDAC" author="Engel" box="[301,420,536,558]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Engel, M. S. (2002) The smallest snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae): a new species in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, with a catalog of fossil snakeflies. American Museum Novitates, 3363, 1 - 22. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2002) 363 <0001: tssrma> 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2002">Engel 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 21
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</treatmentCitation>
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(as a tentative synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B218F6826FCDCFDAC" ID-CoL="775X" box="[735,828,536,558]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B218F6826FCDCFDAC" box="[735,828,536,558]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Raphidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C321653EFE0F371B23C7686BFC24FDEC" box="[151,964,597,622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE0F371B23C7686BFC24FDEC" blockId="9.[151,1437,597,1810]" box="[151,964,597,622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B23C7686BFE40FDEC" bold="true" box="[151,416,597,622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54808817FE0F371B23C7686BFF32FDEC" box="[151,210,597,622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Type</typeStatus>
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and only species.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B22F7686BFCFEFDEC" authority="Scudder, 1890" authorityName="Scudder" authorityYear="1890" box="[423,798,597,622]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" genus="Inocellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veterana">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B22F7686BFD94FDEF" box="[423,628,597,622]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Inocellia veterana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B212B686BFCFEFDEC" author="Scudder" box="[635,798,597,622]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Scudder, S. H. (1890) The Tertiary Insects of North America. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, 13, 1 - 734, 28 pls." type="journal article" year="1890">Scudder, 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C321653EFE0F371B23976847FEDCFD58" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE0F371B23976847FEDCFD58" blockId="9.[151,1437,597,1810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B23976847FEA1FD10" bold="true" box="[199,321,633,658]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Unusual Cenozoic raphidiopteran with many additional crossveins; origin of
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<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE0F371B27ED6844FB3FFD13" box="[1213,1247,634,657]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">RP</collectingCountry>
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shifted basad in both wings; CuP simple in hind wing. Differs from Cretaceous (i.e., all other) baissopterid genera by 1r-m crossvein-like.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C321653EFE0F371B239768DBFAB0F9B8" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE0F371B239768DBFDD1FC7B" blockId="9.[151,1437,597,1810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B239768DBFEDBFD7C" bold="true" box="[199,315,741,766]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B221368DBFDF1FD7C" author="Handlirsch" box="[323,529,741,766]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Handlirsch, A. (1910) Canadian fossil insects. 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits of the Southern Interior of British Columbia collected by Mr. Lawrence Lambe, in 1906. In: Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. Vol. II. Part III. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Canada, 12 - P, pp. 93 - 129." type="book chapter" year="1910">Handlirsch (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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||
characterized this genus “by the much greater development and ramification of the sector radii [=
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<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE0F371B22346934FE6CFCA3" box="[356,396,778,801]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">RP</collectingCountry>
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||
], by the much more numerous cross-veins, and consequently by the far greater number of cells” (p. 103).
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B22196910FDEBFCC4" author="Carpenter" box="[329,523,813,838]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Carpenter, F. M. (1936) Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (recent and fossil). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science, 71, 89 - 157, 2 pls." type="journal article" year="1936">Carpenter (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
thought that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54808817FE0F371B219F6910FD1FFCC4" box="[719,767,814,838]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">type</typeStatus>
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||
of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B20786913FBDEFCC7" box="[808,1086,813,838]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dictyoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veterana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B20786913FBDEFCC7" box="[808,1086,813,838]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Dictyoraphidia veterana</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
was lost, and did not consider this genus and species in detail in his revision, but remarked that “his [Handlirsch’s] conclusions were based upon assumptions which are not valid, and his genera [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B21A2694BFC7DFC0C" box="[754,925,885,910]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dictyoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B21A2694BFC7DFC0C" box="[754,925,885,910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Dictyoraphidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B20B1694BFB9EFC0C" box="[993,1150,885,910]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Archiraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B20B1694BFB9EFC0C" box="[993,1150,885,910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Archiraphidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] based upon venational characteristics which appear in any series of specimens of Recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B20D969A7FC10FC30" box="[905,1008,921,946]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B20D969A7FC10FC30" box="[905,1008,921,946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Raphidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (p. 145). But even as the genus was defined in Carpenter’s (1936) time, no species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B21976983FCCEFC54" box="[711,814,957,982]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Raphidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B21976983FCCEFC54" box="[711,814,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Raphidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e., in the broadest sense) had such dense venation as is found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B224569DFFDCAFC7B" box="[277,554,993,1018]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dictyoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veterana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B224569DFFDCAFC7B" box="[277,554,993,1018]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Dictyoraphidia veterana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE0F371B23976E38FAB0F9B8" blockId="9.[151,1437,597,1810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
We find that the venation of this genus most resembles that seen in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B27776E3BFB30FB9C" box="[1063,1232,1029,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. First, they share numerous crossveins, more than seen elsewhere in the Raphidiomorpha. Secondly, the simple CuA in the hind wing of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B23A46E70FE65FBE7" box="[244,389,1102,1125]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dictyoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veternana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B23A46E70FE65FBE7" box="[244,389,1102,1125]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">D. veternana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a unique condition among Cenozoic fossil and extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B20AE6E73FB41FBE4" box="[1022,1185,1101,1126]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Raphidioptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This condition occurs in the hind wing of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B22E76E4FFDBFFB08" box="[439,607,1137,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B21F16E4FFC28FB08" box="[673,968,1137,1162]" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Austroraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brasiliensi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B21F16E4FFC28FB08" box="[673,968,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Austroraphidia brasiliensi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
s (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B20B26E4FFB73FB08" author="Nel" box="[994,1171,1137,1162]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Nel, A., Semeria, Y. & Martins-Neto, R. G. (1990) Un Raphidioptera fossile du Cretace Inferieur du Bresil (Neuropteroidea). Neuroptera International, 6, 27 - 37." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B27446E4CFBA5FB08" box="[1044,1093,1137,1162]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from the Aptian Crato Formation of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE0F371B22676EABFE9BFB2C" box="[311,379,1173,1198]" name="Brazil" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B22E96EABFC6EFB2C" authority="Ponomarenko, 1988" authorityName="Ponomarenko" authorityYear="1988" box="[441,910,1173,1198]" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" genus="Lugala" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longissima">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B22E96EABFD6CFB2C" box="[441,652,1173,1198]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Lugala longissima</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B21CE6EABFC66FB2C" author="Ponomarenko" box="[670,902,1173,1198]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Ponomarenko, A. G. (1988) New Mesozoic insects. In: Rozanov, A. Yu. (Chief Ed.), New species of fossil invertebrates of Mongolia. Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, 33, pp. 71 - 88. [in Russian, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1988">Ponomarenko, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Early Cretaceous of Bayan-Tsagan,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE0F371B23C76E87FEE4FB50" box="[151,260,1209,1234]" name="Mongolia" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B22416E87FE11FB50" author="Ponomarenko" box="[273,497,1209,1234]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Ponomarenko, A. G. (1988) New Mesozoic insects. In: Rozanov, A. Yu. (Chief Ed.), New species of fossil invertebrates of Mongolia. Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, 33, pp. 71 - 88. [in Russian, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1988">Ponomarenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE0F371B22AC6E87FDDFFB50" box="[508,575,1209,1234]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,249,1275,1297]" captionTargetBox="[155,1434,921,1251]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,916,1254]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dictyoraphidia veterana (Scudder, 1890). Wing venation of the holotype PU 6385, EM 1.385. A, forewing. B, hind wing. Scale bar = 4 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252222/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B211A6E87FD12FB50" author="Nel" box="[586,754,1209,1234]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Nel, A., Semeria, Y. & Martins-Neto, R. G. (1990) Un Raphidioptera fossile du Cretace Inferieur du Bresil (Neuropteroidea). Neuroptera International, 6, 27 - 37." type="journal article" year="1990">
|
||
Nel
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B21296E84FD49FB50" box="[633,681,1209,1234]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1990
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="13002A30FE0F371B21AD6E87FCDFFB50" box="[765,831,1209,1234]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,783,1726]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,783,1738]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dictyoraphidia veterana (Scudder, 1890). Holotype PU 6385, EM 1.385. A, the specimen as preserved today. B, forewing. C, hind wing. FW, forewing; HW, hind wing. Scale bars = 4 mm (B, C to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252221/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Even in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B20A06E87FB78FB50" box="[1008,1176,1209,1234]" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have the richest venation of the Raphidiomorpha, CuA is usually only forked once. A simple CuP, however, is also present in two species of small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B22026F3FFDEEFA98" box="[338,526,1281,1306]" class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mesoraphidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(s.l.) with rather reduced venation, i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B20826F3FFF2FFABC" authority="Ponomarenko, 1988" authorityName="Ponomarenko" authorityYear="1988" class="Insecta" family="Alloraphidiidae" genus="Archeraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yakowlewi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B20826F3FFB12FA98" box="[978,1266,1281,1306]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Archeraphidia yakowlewi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B27A96F3FFF2FFABC" author="Ponomarenko" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Ponomarenko, A. G. (1988) New Mesozoic insects. In: Rozanov, A. Yu. (Chief Ed.), New species of fossil invertebrates of Mongolia. Transactions of the Joint Soviet-Mongolian Paleontological Expedition, 33, pp. 71 - 88. [in Russian, English summary]" type="journal article" year="1988">Ponomarenko, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B22566F1BFDB5FABC" box="[262,597,1317,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Mesoraphidiidae" genus="Nanoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="electroburmica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B22566F1BFDB5FABC" box="[262,597,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Nanoraphidia electroburmica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Thirdly, the structure of the pterostigma in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B27D76F1BFACCFABC" box="[1159,1324,1317,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B22606F77FE5AFAE0" box="[304,442,1353,1378]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Raphidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e., with a crossvein closing the pterostigma proximally and an incorporated branch of RA present; both of these conditions are present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B21B26F53FC17FA07" box="[738,1015,1389,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" genus="Dictyoraphidia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="veterana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B21B26F53FC17FA07" box="[738,1015,1389,1414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Dictyoraphidia veterana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Fourthly, the origin of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32C7625FE0F371B265A6F50FACCFA07" box="[1290,1324,1390,1413]" name="Poland" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">RP</collectingCountry>
|
||
is shifted proximally (i.e., located in the proximal half of wings), a characteristic feature of most Mesozoic Raphidiomorpha. Therefore, there is little doubt that this genus belong to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B20206F8BFBF9FA4C" box="[880,1049,1461,1486]" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The single important difference between it and all known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B21636FE7FD38FA70" box="[563,728,1497,1522]" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is that 1r-m of the hind wing is crossvein-like (an apomorphic state), whereas this is long, longitudinal in the latter (a plesiomorphic state). But this state could be convergent with the general evolution of this character in Cenozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B21836C1FFC92F9B8" box="[723,882,1569,1594]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Raphidioptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B20FD6C1FFBD1F9B8" box="[941,1073,1569,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Inocelliidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Inocelliidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B27376C1FFB11F9B8" box="[1127,1265,1569,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Raphidiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Raphidiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653EFE0F371B23976C7BFB02F890" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B5FE0F371B23976C7BFB02F890" blockId="9.[151,1437,597,1810]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B23976C7BFE8CF9DC" ID-CoL="6ZR" box="[199,364,1605,1630]" class="Insecta" family="Baissopteridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Raphidioptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Baissopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been recorded hitherto only from the Cretaceous. Their youngest previously known occurrence is in the Turonian (VM, pers. obs.); the oldest is in the Early Cretaceous (Mongolian and Transbaikalian localities). This finding of a Mesozoic family in the late Eocene with at least a 55 Ma absence in the record has an analogue in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B22736C8CFE45F94B" ID-CoL="3ND" box="[291,421,1714,1737]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA7FE0F371B22E06C8FFD65F948" box="[432,645,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="410">Oligogetes relictus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B21DE6C8FFCA2F948" author="Makarkin" box="[654,834,1713,1738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Makarkin, V. N. (1998) New Tertiary Neuroptera from the Russian Far East. Tertiary Research, 18, 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1998">Makarkin, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was described from the late Eocene/early Oligocene locality at Bolshaya Svetlovodnaya River, Primorskii Krai (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B44FE0F371B20136CEBFC17F96C" author="Makarkin" box="[835,1015,1749,1774]" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" refString="Makarkin, V. N. (1998) New Tertiary Neuroptera from the Russian Far East. Tertiary Research, 18, 77 - 83." type="journal article" year="1998">Makarkin 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is the only Cenozoic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B264E6CE8FA7CF96F" ID-CoL="3ND" box="[1310,1436,1750,1773]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus which belongs to an extinct Mesozoic family with certainty (tentatively the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D36FE0F371B277F6CC7FB36F890" ID-CoL="GDX" box="[1071,1238,1785,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Solenoptilidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="410" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Solenoptilidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |