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<mods:title id="2A7F243DC824DC457DA28483852C6123">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="636F353CA451FA91F1B2847261B760F7">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9F8E4E8003A8ADE6EAC39613CD4B9E2F">Wintner, Sabine P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3D0A18CFE9A7B60BA50E89D080981955">Kyne, Peter M.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039287A19554FFB3CFF75F8FFDED27FA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614795" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181006898" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614795" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19554FFB3CFF75F8FFDED27FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A19554FFB3CFF75F8FFDED27FA" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<subSubSection id="C321653C9554FFB3CFF75F8FFEE325AE" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75F8FFD2225F3" blockId="61.[151,1437,1410,1941]" box="[151,731,1410,1437]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<heading id="D0CC81DB9554FFB3CFF75F8FFD2225F3" bold="true" box="[151,731,1410,1437]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CFF75F8FFD2225F3" ID-CoL="R3ND" ID-ENA="202609" authority="(Muller &amp; Henle, 1839)" baseAuthorityName="Muller &amp; Henle" baseAuthorityYear="1839" box="[151,731,1410,1437]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falciformis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75F8FFD2225F3" bold="true" box="[151,731,1410,1437]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75F8FFE4725F2" bold="true" box="[151,446,1410,1437]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Carcharhinus falciformis</emphasis>
(Müller &amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CD265F8EFD2A25F3" author="Henle" box="[582,723,1410,1437]" firstAuthor="Henle" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="29 - 102" refId="ref110013" refString="M ʾ ller, J. &amp; Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1839">Henle, 1839</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75FAAFEE325AE" blockId="61.[151,1437,1410,1941]" box="[151,282,1447,1473]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Silky Shark</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C9554FFB3CFF75FC6FC5926D2" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75FC6FDCD2666" blockId="61.[151,1437,1410,1941]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CFF75FC6FD73258A" ID-CoL="R3S6" authority="Bibron" authorityName="Bibron" authorityYear="1839" box="[151,650,1483,1509]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falciformis" subGenus="Prionodon">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75FC6FEEF258A" box="[151,278,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Carcharias</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CE4A5FC6FE5B258A" box="[298,418,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Prionodon</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CED75FC6FDC9258A" box="[439,560,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">falciformis</emphasis>
Bibron
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CDF55FC6FD52258B" box="[661,683,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">in</emphasis>
M̹ller &amp;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69554FFB3CC4F5FC6FC16258A" author="Henle, F. G. J." box="[815,1007,1483,1509]" page="47" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" year="1839">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CC4F5FC6FC16258A" author="Henle" box="[815,1007,1483,1509]" firstAuthor="Henle" page="47" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="29 - 102" refId="ref110013" refString="M ʾ ller, J. &amp; Henle, F. G. J. (1839) s. n. In: Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen. Plagiostomen, Berlin, pp. 29 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1839">Henle, 1839: 47</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="548088159554FFB3CC9E5FC6FB92258A" box="[1022,1131,1483,1509]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: MNHN 0000-1134. Type locality:
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279554FFB3CE495FE2FE9E2666" box="[297,359,1519,1545]" name="Cuba" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Cuba</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EE4606C9554FFB3CE115FE2FDCD2666" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19554FFB3CFF75F8FFDED27FA:8EE4606C9554FFB3CE115FE2FDCD2666" box="[369,564,1519,1545]" country="Cuba" name="Western Atlantic." pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Western Atlantic.</location>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75C1EFC5926D2" blockId="61.[151,1437,1410,1941]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75C1EFEA52642" bold="true" box="[151,348,1555,1581]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Local synonymy</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CE0D5C1EFC722642" ID-CoL="R3ND" authority=": D'Aubrey, 1964 a: 34" authorityName=": D'Aubrey" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1964" box="[365,907,1555,1581]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falciformis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CE0D5C1EFD712642" box="[365,648,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Carcharhinus falciformis</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CDF95C1EFC722642" author="D'Aubrey" box="[665,907,1555,1581]" firstAuthor="D'Aubrey" page="34" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref96632" refString="D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">D’Aubrey, 1964a: 34</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 17;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CC8B5C1EFB212642" author="Bass" box="[1003,1240,1555,1581]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" page="29" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. &amp; Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
Bass
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CB485C1EFB9B2642" box="[1064,1122,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
, 1973: 29
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 11;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CA205C1EFEC5263E" author="Garrick" firstAuthor="Garrick" page="159" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref102208" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick, 1982: 159</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 73–74;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CE805C3AFD0B263E" author="Compagno" box="[480,754,1591,1617]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="470" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref95496" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno, 1984b: 470</bibRefCitation>
, fig.;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CC595C3AFBD6263E" author="Bass, A. J. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V." box="[825,1071,1591,1617]" editor="Smith, M. M. &amp; Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="104 - 105" refId="ref93292" refString="Bass, A. J. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. &amp; Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105." title="Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">
Bass
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CC185C3AFC54263E" box="[888,941,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
., 1986: 72
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 9.7;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CBC35C3AFA6F263E" author="Compagno" box="[1187,1430,1591,1617]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="7" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref95624" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988" yearSuffix="a">Compagno, 1988a: 7</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CFA65C56FE03261A" author="Compagno" box="[198,506,1627,1653]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="70" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. &amp; Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
Compagno
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CE295C56FE7A261A" box="[329,387,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
, 1989: 70
</bibRefCitation>
, pl.;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CD535C56FCCA261A" author="Compagno" box="[563,819,1627,1653]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="120" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 120</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CC215C56FB7A261A" author="Compagno" box="[833,1155,1626,1653]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="295" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref95897" refString="Compagno, L., Dando, M. &amp; Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69554FFB3CC215C56FBB0261A" box="[833,1097,1626,1653]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
Compagno
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CCA45C56FC0E261A" box="[964,1015,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
., 2005
</treatmentCitation>
: 295
</bibRefCitation>
, fig., pl. 51;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CA775C56FEC026F6" author="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Fowler, S. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V." pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref99433" refString="Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. &amp; Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp." type="book" year="2013">
Ebert
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CA3C5C56FA6F261A" box="[1372,1430,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al.</emphasis>
, 2013: 464
</bibRefCitation>
, fig., pl. 62;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CEA65C72FD7C26F6" author="NPOA" box="[454,645,1663,1689]" firstAuthor="NPOA" page="41" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref110949" refString="NPOA. (2013) National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks). Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Rogge Bay, Cape Town, 63 pp." type="book" year="2013">NPOA, 2013: 41</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CDF15C72FC5726F6" author="Ebert &amp; Dando" box="[657,942,1662,1689]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="35" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref99385" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome &amp; Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp." type="book" year="2014">Ebert &amp; Dando, 2014: 35</bibRefCitation>
, fig.;
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69554FFB3CC8E5C72FAF126F6" box="[1006,1288,1662,1689]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CC8E5C72FAF126F6" author="da Silva" box="[1006,1288,1662,1689]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="da Silva" page="246" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="233 - 248" refId="ref96965" refString="da Silva C., Booth, A. J., Dudley, S. F. J., Kerwath, S. E., Lamberth, S. J., Leslie, R. W., McCord, M. E., Sauer, W. H. H. &amp; Zweig, T. (2015) A description and updated overview of the status and management of South Africa's chondrichthyan fisheries. South African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 233 - 248. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1044471" type="journal article" year="2015">
da Silva
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CB2F5C72FB7926F6" box="[1103,1152,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">et al</emphasis>
., 2015: 246
</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CA745C72FE7926D2" author="Ebert &amp; van Hees" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="146" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. &amp; van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the &quot; Lost Sharks &quot; of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert &amp; van Hees, 2015: 146</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CEEB5CAEFD6F26D2" author="Compagno" box="[395,662,1699,1725]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="1303" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" refId="ref95819" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (2016) Sharks. In: Carpenter, K. E. &amp; De Angelis, N. (Eds.), The Living Marine Resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Vol. 2. Bivalves, Gastropods, Hagfishes, Sharks, Batoid Fishes, and Chimaeras. FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. FAO, Rome, pp. 1122 - 1336." type="book" year="2016">Compagno, 2016: 1303</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CDC15CAEFC6526D2" author="Weigmann, S." box="[673,924,1698,1725]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 855</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C9554FFB3CFF75CCBFC1F276A" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75CCBFD3E268E" blockId="61.[151,1437,1410,1941]" box="[151,711,1734,1761]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75CCBFDFB268F" bold="true" box="[151,514,1734,1761]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279554FFB3CFF75CCBFED6268F" box="[151,303,1734,1760]" name="South Africa" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">South Africa</collectingCountry>
voucher material
</emphasis>
:
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729554FFB3CD715CCAFD9C268E" box="[529,613,1735,1761]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
202926.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75CE7FC1F276A" blockId="61.[151,1437,1410,1941]" box="[151,998,1770,1797]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75CE7FE2A276B" bold="true" box="[151,467,1770,1796]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">South African distribution</emphasis>
: Central KZN to the border with
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279554FFB3CC2B5CE6FC1A276A" box="[843,995,1771,1797]" name="Mozambique" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C321653C9554FFB3CFF75D02FDED27FA" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75D02FE72271E" blockId="61.[151,1437,1410,1941]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75D02FEFD2746" bold="true" box="[151,260,1807,1833]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Remarks</emphasis>
: A common offshore, pelagic species in warm temperate to tropical seas,
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CB5C5D02FB2F2746" authorityName=": D'Aubrey" authorityYear="1964" box="[1084,1238,1807,1833]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="falciformis">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CB5C5D02FB2F2746" box="[1084,1238,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. falciformis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not recorded in the area until the 1960s when
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469554FFB3CD5A5D3EFCF22721" author="D'Aubrey" box="[570,779,1843,1870]" firstAuthor="D'Aubrey" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref96632" refString="D'Aubrey, J. D. (1964 a) Preliminary guide to the sharks found off the east coast of South Africa. South African Association for Marine Biological Research, Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report, 8, 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1964" yearSuffix="a">D’Aubrey (1964a)</bibRefCitation>
reported it from off
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CC965D3EFBB72722" box="[1014,1102,1843,1869]" genus="Durban" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="61" pageNumber="126" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Durban</taxonomicName>
. It is frequently misidentified with
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349554FFB3CF9F5D5AFE7D271E" authorityName=": Bigelow &amp; Schroeder" authorityYear="1948" box="[255,388,1879,1905]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="61" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="obscurus">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CF9F5D5AFE7D271E" box="[255,388,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">C. obscurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8436B79554FFB3CFF75D77FDED27FA" blockId="61.[151,1437,1410,1941]" box="[151,532,1914,1941]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59554FFB3CFF75D77FE7D27FA" bold="true" box="[151,388,1914,1941]" pageId="61" pageNumber="62">Conservation status</emphasis>
: VU (2017).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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