183 lines
20 KiB
XML
183 lines
20 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="B516C6E38473439CE14629B46761F954">
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<mods:title id="4B337B6C568BA156EA8DC9E2E520C10B">An annotated checklist of the chondrichthyans of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="801CFBCD516C4BD6F720EA9C6A819801">Ebert, David A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B853CFDDFBC900F6D43A46F9B26B5B5">Wintner, Sabine P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="908E64C56E5C1A69283675EC16474EC7">Kyne, Peter M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7F0E87E549B05495B18405B543D1847C" type="email">debert@mlml.calstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="CB2AFAE6EEB9C607EB7BBEB6BD5DD795">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039287A19552FFB5CFF75883FDED2436" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4614781" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181006913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4614781" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19552FFB5CFF75883FDED2436" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287A19552FFB5CFF75883FDED2436" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9552FFB5CFF75883FEB922A3" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF75883FD5622C7" blockId="59.[151,1437,654,1113]" box="[151,687,654,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="D0CC81DB9552FFB5CFF75883FD5622C7" bold="true" box="[151,687,654,681]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349552FFB5CFF75883FD5622C7" ID-CoL="R3MB" ID-ENA="495832" authority="(Ruppell, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[151,687,654,681]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Carcharhinidae" genus="Carcharhinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carcharhiniformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albimarginatus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF75883FD5622C7" bold="true" box="[151,687,654,681]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF75883FE0922C6" bold="true" box="[151,496,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Carcharhinus albimarginatus</emphasis>
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||
(Rüppell, 1837)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF758BFFEB922A3" blockId="59.[151,1437,654,1113]" box="[151,320,690,716]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Silvertip Shark</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C321653C9552FFB5CFF758DBFBCC23CA" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF758DBFAD6237B" blockId="59.[151,1437,654,1113]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349552FFB5CFF758DBFE3E229F" box="[151,455,726,752]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albimarginatus">
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<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF758DBFE3E229F" box="[151,455,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Carcharias albimarginatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<materialsCitation id="3B533CEA9552FFB5CEAE58DBFAD6237B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3072574696" collectionCode="R" country="Egypt" location="Ras Muhammad" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="SMF 3582" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Shamal Sina'" typeStatus="lectotype">
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<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729552FFB5CEAE58DBFE1D229F" box="[462,484,726,752]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">R</collectionCode>
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||
̹ppell, 1837: 164, pl. 18 (fig. 1).
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<typeStatus id="548088159552FFB5CC3858DAFC35229E" box="[856,972,727,753]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<specimenCode id="DB9D9ECC9552FFB5CCB758DBFBB7229E" box="[983,1102,726,753]" collectionCode="SMF" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">SMF 3582</specimenCode>
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(dry and mounted);
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<typeStatus id="548088159552FFB5CA5658DBFA64229F" box="[1334,1437,726,752]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
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designation by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CE1158F7FD38237A" author="Rosenblatt & Baldwin" box="[369,705,762,789]" firstAuthor="Rosenblatt" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="137 - 159" refId="ref112560" refString="Rosenblatt, R. H. & Baldwin, W. J. (1958) A review of the eastern Pacific sharks of the genus Carcharhinus, with a redescription of C. malpeloensis (Fowler) and California records of C. remotus (Dumeril). California Fish & Game, 44 (2), 137 - 159." type="journal article" year="1958">Rosenblatt & Baldwin (1958)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Type locality:
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||
<location id="8EE4606C9552FFB5CC0C58F6FBDE237B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039287A19552FFB5CFF75883FDED2436:8EE4606C9552FFB5CC0C58F6FBDE237B" box="[876,1063,762,789]" country="Egypt" name="Ras Muhammad" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="Shamal Sina'">Ras Muhammad</location>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="49FFF8559552FFB5CB5258F7FB97237B" box="[1074,1134,762,788]" country="Egypt" name="Shamal Sina'" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Sinai</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279552FFB5CB1A58F6FB39237A" box="[1146,1216,763,789]" name="Egypt" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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, Red Sea.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF75913FBCC23CA" blockId="59.[151,1437,654,1113]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF75913FEA62357" bold="true" box="[151,351,798,824]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Local synonymy</emphasis>
|
||
:
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B4D349552FFB5CE145913FC432357" authority=": Bass et al., 1973: 17" authorityName="Bass" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1973" box="[372,954,798,825]" class="Elasmobranchii" family="Odontaspididae" genus="Carcharias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lamniformes" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albimarginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CE145913FD502357" box="[372,681,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Carcharias albimarginatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CDDD5912FC432357" author="Bass" box="[701,954,798,825]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" page="17" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
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||
Bass
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CD9F5912FCCC2357" box="[767,821,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
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||
., 1973: 17
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, fig. 6;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CB405913FAF92357" author="Garrick" box="[1056,1280,798,824]" firstAuthor="Garrick" page="116" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 194" refId="ref102208" refString="Garrick, J. A. F. (1982) Sharks of the genus Carcharhinus. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) Technical Report NMFS (National Marine Fisheries Service) Circular, 445, 1 - 194." type="journal article" year="1982">Garrick, 1982: 116</bibRefCitation>
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||
, figs. 53–54;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CFA6594FFE362332" author="Compagno" box="[198,463,834,861]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="455" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="251 - 655" refId="ref95496" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1984 b) FAO Species Catalogue. Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Vol. 4. No. 125. Part 2. Carcharhiniformes. FAO, Rome, pp. 251 - 655." type="book chapter" year="1984" yearSuffix="b">Compagno, 1984b: 455</bibRefCitation>
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||
, fig.;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CD6E594EFD0B2333" author="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V." box="[526,754,834,861]" editor="Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C." journalOrPublisher="Macmillan, Johannesburg" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="104 - 105" refId="ref93292" refString="Bass, A. J. & Compagno, L. J. V. (1986) Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae. In: Smith, M. M. & Heemstra, P. C. (Eds.), Smith's Sea Fishes. Macmillan, Johannesburg, pp. 63 + 103 + 104 - 105." title="Families Echinorhinidae, Proscyllidae, Odontaspidiidae, Mitsukurinidae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Smith's Sea Fishes" year="1986">
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||
Bass
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CD29594EFD802333" box="[585,633,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1986: 69
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, fig. 9.1;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CC3A594FFB9B2333" author="Compagno" box="[858,1122,834,860]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="294" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref95624" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1988 a) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 486 pp." type="book" year="1988" yearSuffix="a">Compagno, 1988a: 294</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CB0D594FFA612333" author="Compagno" box="[1133,1432,834,861]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="70" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref96138" refString="Compagno, L. J. V., Ebert, D. A. & Smale, M. J. (1989) Guide to the Sharks and Rays of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 158 pp." type="book" year="1989">
|
||
Compagno
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CB8F594EFAE62333" box="[1263,1311,834,860]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1989: 70
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pl.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CF92596BFE1723EF" author="Compagno" box="[242,494,870,896]" firstAuthor="Compagno" page="119" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="75 - 120" refId="ref95720" refString="Compagno, L. J. V. (1999) An overview of chondrichthyan systematics and biodiversity in southern Africa. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa, 54, 75 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00359199909520406" type="journal article" year="1999">Compagno, 1999: 119</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CE9A596BFCCE23EF" author="Compagno" box="[506,823,870,897]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Compagno" page="289" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref95897" refString="Compagno, L., Dando, M. & Fowler, S. (2005) Field Guide to the Sharks of the World. Harper Collins Publishers Ltd, London, 368 pp." type="book" year="2005">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9A10A69552FFB5CE9A596BFD0623EE" box="[506,767,870,897]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Compagno
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CD1C596AFD5723EF" box="[636,686,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
: 289
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig., pl. 52;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CCA6596BFB7523EF" author="Ebert, D. A. & Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V." box="[966,1164,870,897]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref99433" refString="Ebert, D. A., Fowler, S. & Compagno, L. J. V. (2013) Sharks of the World: A Fully Illustrated Guide to the Sharks of the World. Wild Nature Press, Plymouth, 528 pp." type="book" year="2013">
|
||
Ebert
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CB6A596AFBC223EF" box="[1034,1083,870,896]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
a: 457, fig., pl. 63;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CA00596BFE5923CB" author="Ebert & Dando" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="29" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" refId="ref99385" refString="Ebert, D. A. & Dando, M. (2014) On Board Guide for the Identification of Pelagic Sharks and Rays of the Western Indian Ocean. SmartFish Programme, FAO, Rome & Indian Ocean Commission, Port Louis, 109 pp." type="book" year="2014">Ebert & Dando, 2014: 29</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CE815987FCD223CB" author="Ebert & van Hees" box="[481,811,906,933]" firstAuthor="Ebert" page="146" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="141 - 156" refId="ref99877" refString="Ebert, D. A. & van Hees, K. E. (2015) Beyond jaws: rediscovering the " Lost Sharks " of southern Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 37, 141 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2989 / 1814232 X. 2015.1048730" type="journal article" year="2015">Ebert & van Hees, 2015: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CC565987FBC923CA" author="Weigmann, S." box="[822,1072,906,933]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="837 - 1037" refId="ref118762" refString="Weigmann, S. (2016) Annotated checklist of the living sharks, batoids and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes) of the world, with a focus on biogeographical diversity. Journal of Fish Biology, 88, 837 - 1037. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jfb. 12874" type="journal article" year="2016">Weigmann, 2016: 853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9552FFB5CFF759A3FD762382" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF759A3FD4023A6" blockId="59.[151,1437,654,1113]" box="[151,697,942,969]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF759A3FDFB23A7" bold="true" box="[151,514,942,968]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
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||
<collectingCountry id="F32C76279552FFB5CFF759A3FED623A7" box="[151,303,942,968]" name="South Africa" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
voucher material
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2AAE729552FFB5CD7159A3FD9C23A7" box="[529,613,942,968]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB</collectionCode>
|
||
25353.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF759DFFD762382" blockId="59.[151,1437,654,1113]" box="[151,655,978,1005]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF759DFFE2A2383" bold="true" box="[151,467,978,1004]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">South African distribution</emphasis>
|
||
: Northern KZN.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C321653C9552FFB5CFF759FBFDED2436" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF759FBFAFF245A" blockId="59.[151,1437,654,1113]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF759FBFEFD247F" bold="true" box="[151,260,1014,1040]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: Although widely distributed in the tropical Indo-Pacific, it was not widely reported from South African waters until
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAA4B469552FFB5CE305E16FDEF245B" author="Bass" box="[336,534,1050,1077]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bass" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref92862" refString="Bass, A. J., D'Aubrey, J. D. & Kistnasamy, N. (1973) Sharks of the east coast of southern Africa. I. The genus Carcharhinus (Carcharhinidae). Investigational Report. Oceanographic Research Institute, Durban, 33, 1 - 168." type="journal article" year="1973">
|
||
Bass
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CEEC5E16FE44245B" box="[396,445,1050,1076]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1973)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
commented that it was rather common on the northern KZN coast.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8436B79552FFB5CFF75E33FDED2436" blockId="59.[151,1437,654,1113]" box="[151,532,1086,1113]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94FEAA59552FFB5CFF75E33FE7D2437" bold="true" box="[151,388,1086,1112]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
: VU (2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |