245 lines
34 KiB
XML
245 lines
34 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C0BD2AF6F8CA08D8CE989E35414FC807">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7DB338076EED16CCB130EA876610B97B">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="618148EB43703F16152C6AF4EC0A089F">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BED59BBEA2E0658943AEC4994186E64F">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="139839B5306BCD5EE3C13F978AF3FC2D">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FFB4207C08511D8009E3F24C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6706708" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196221302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6706708" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FFB4207C08511D8009E3F24C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FFB4207C08511D8009E3F24C" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB4207D08511D800D97F5D1" box="[1382,1440,2524,2570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D08511D800D97F5D1" blockId="26.[1380,2542,2524,2650]" box="[1382,1440,2524,2570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB4207D08511D800D97F5D1" box="[1382,1440,2524,2570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FFB4207D08511D800D97F5D1" box="[1382,1440,2524,2570]" captionStart="Plate 11: Cricetidae" captionStartId="18.[107,137,3099,3124]" captionTargetBox="[25,2753,22,3645]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="34. Nearctic Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus), 35. Ungava Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx hudsonius), 36. Nelson's Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx nelsoni), 37. Ogilvie Mountains Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx nunatakensis), 38. Richardson’s Collared Lemming (Ducrostonyx richardsoni), 39. Palearctic Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus), 40. Unalaska Collared Lemming (Dicrostonyx unalascensis), 41. Gray Red-backed Vole (Craseomys rufocanus), 42. Hokkaido Red-backed Vole (Craseomys rex), 43. Korean Red-backed Vole (Craseomys regulus), 44. Shanxi Red-backed Vole (Craseomys shanseius), 45. Anderson’s Red-backed Vole (Craseomys andersoni), 46. Smith’s Red-backed Vole (Craseomys smith), 47. Western Red-backed Vole (Myodes californicus), 48. Southern Red-backed Vole (Myodes gapperi), 49. Bank Vole (Mpyodes glareolus), 50. Tian Shan Red-backed Vole (Myodes centralis), 51. Large-eared Vole (Myodes macrotis), 52. Northern Red-backed Vole (Myodes rutilus), 53. Silver Mountain Vole (Alticola argentatus), 54. White-tailed Mountain Vole (Alticola albicauda), 55. Kashmir Mountain Vole (Alticola montosus), 56. Royle’s Mountain Vole (Alticola roylei), 57. Strelzov’s Mountain Vole (Alticola strelzouvi), 58. Tuva Mountain Vole (Alticola tuvinicus), 59. Gobi Altai Mountain Vole (Alticola barakshin), 60. null (null), 60. null (null), 61. Mongolian Mountain Vole (Alticola semicanus), 61. Mongolian Mountain Vole (Alticola semicanus), 62. Stoliczka’s Mountain Vole (Alticola stoliczkanus), 62. Stoliczka’s Mountain Vole (Alticola stoliczkanus), 63. Lemming Mountain Vole (Aschizomys lemminus), 63. Lemming Mountain Vole (Aschizomys lemminus), 64. Gansu Red-backed Vole (Caryomys eva), 64. Gansu Red-backed Vole (Caryomys eva), 65. Kolan Red-backed Vole (Caryomys inez), 65. Kolan Red-backed Vole (Caryomys inez), 66. Pere David's Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys melanogaster), 66. Pere David’s Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys melanogaster), 67. Yunnan Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys miletus), 68. Sichuan Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys chinensis), 69. Southwest China Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys custos), 70. Black-eared Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys olitor), 71. Yulongxuen Red-backed Vole (FEothenomys proditor), 72. Ward’s Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys wardi), 73. Hinton’s Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys hintoni), 74. Tarquinius Red-backed Vole (Eothenomys tarquinius), 75. Burrowing Vole (Hyperacrius fertilis), 76. Murree Vole (Hyperacrius wynnei)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6709261" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6709261/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">57.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB4207D08861D800F83F5D1" box="[1457,1972,2524,2570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D08861D800F83F5D1" blockId="26.[1380,2542,2524,2650]" box="[1457,1972,2524,2570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB4207D08861D800F83F5D1" box="[1457,1972,2524,2570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB4207D08861D800F83F5D1" baseAuthorityName="Kastschenko" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1457,1972,2524,2570]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strelzouvi">Strelzov’s Mountain Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB4207D0AC01D80012FF5D1" box="[2039,2328,2524,2570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D0AC01D80012FF5D1" blockId="26.[1380,2542,2524,2650]" box="[2039,2328,2524,2570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB4207D0AC01D80012FF5D1" box="[2039,2328,2524,2570]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB4207D0AC01D80012FF5D1" baseAuthorityName="Kastschenko" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[2039,2328,2524,2570]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strelzouvi">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB4207D0AC01D80012FF5D1" box="[2039,2328,2524,2570]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">Alticola strelzouvi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB4207D08511E400016F583" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D08511E4001DAF5EA" blockId="26.[1380,2542,2524,2650]" box="[1382,2541,2588,2609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB4207D08511E4001DAF5EA" box="[1382,2541,2588,2609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB4207D08511E400D86F5EA" bold="true" box="[1382,1457,2588,2609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB4207D088D1E400E9FF5EA" baseAuthorityName="Kastschenko" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1466,1704,2588,2609]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strelzouvi">Campagnol de Streltzov</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB4207D0B8B1E400F20F5EA" bold="true" box="[1724,1815,2588,2609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB4207D0A161E40000BF5EA" baseAuthorityName="Kastschenko" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1825,2108,2588,2609]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strelzouvi">Flachkopf-Gebirgswiihimaus</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB4207D05661E40009BF5EA" bold="true" box="[2129,2220,2588,2609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB4207D05851E4001DAF5EA" baseAuthorityName="Kastschenko" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[2226,2541,2588,2609]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strelzouvi">Topillo de montana de Strelzow</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D08521E1F0016F583" blockId="26.[1380,2542,2524,2650]" box="[1381,2081,2627,2648]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FFB4207D08521E1F0016F583" box="[1381,2081,2627,2648]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB4207D08521E1F0E6BF583" bold="true" box="[1381,1628,2627,2648]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB4207D0B511E1F0F46F583" baseAuthorityName="Kastschenko" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1638,1905,2627,2648]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strelzouvi">Flat-headed Mountain Vole</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFFB4207D0A481E1F0016F583" baseAuthorityName="Kastschenko" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1919,2081,2627,2648]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strelzouvi">Flat-headed Vole</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB4207D0AFE1ED3008BF52E" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D0AFE1ED3008BF52E" blockId="26.[1992,2588,2703,3121]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB4207D0AFE1ED30053F573" bold="true" box="[1993,2148,2703,2728]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB4207D05421ED3003AF515" authorityName="Kastschenko" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="strelzovi">Microtus strelzovi Kastschenko, 1900</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FFB4207D05161EE9008BF52E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814906" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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near Lake Teniga,
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<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FFB4207D041B1EE9015AF515" box="[2348,2413,2741,2766]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">Altai</collectingRegion>
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Mountains,
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<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FFB4207D0AFF1E84003FF52E" box="[1992,2056,2776,2805]" country="Russia" name="Altay" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">Altai</collectingRegion>
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Krai,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FFB4207D05681E84008FF52E" box="[2143,2232,2776,2805]" name="Russia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">Russia</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB4207D0AFD1F590012F38C" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D0AFD1F590012F38C" blockId="26.[1992,2588,2703,3121]" lastBlockId="26.[1380,2585,3126,3475]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">In the past, A. strelzovi has been consist ently classified as the only member of the subgenus Platycranius. Phylogenetic reconstructions based on molecular markers showed that despite its unique cranial morphology, A. strelzovi nests among other mountain voles occupying Central Asia. At c.80° E, A. strelzouvi 1s subdivided into two phylogenetic lineages. Two subspecies recognized.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB4207D085318010FC8F2C7" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" type="synonymic_list">
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||
<caption id="DF268C8DFFB4207D085318010FC8F2C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760397" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6760397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6760397/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" startId="26.[1380,1534,3165,3198]" targetBox="[1378,1969,2707,3121]" targetPageId="26">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D085318010EC3F3A5" blockId="26.[1380,2585,3126,3475]" box="[1380,1780,3165,3198]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB4207D085318010EC3F3A5" bold="true" box="[1380,1780,3165,3198]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D085318DA0DF2F316" blockId="26.[1380,2585,3126,3475]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB4207D085318DA0DF2F316" authority="Kastschenko, 1900" authorityName="Kastschenko" authorityYear="1900" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="strelzouvi" subSpecies="strelzovi">A.s.strelzoviKastschenko,1900—AltaiMtsinRussiaandNWMongoliaextendingintoSTuva.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207D085318800FC8F2C7" blockId="26.[1380,2585,3126,3475]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB4207D085318800F02F32E" authority="Kastschenko, 1901" authorityName="Kastschenko" authorityYear="1901" box="[1380,1845,3292,3317]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="strelzouvi" subSpecies="desertorum">A. s. desertorum Kastschenko, 1901</taxonomicName>
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— E Kazakhstan, NW China (Xinjiang), and W Mongolia; possibly also in Russia S of Gorno-Altaysk.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB4207C0853197F0CF8FD59" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="26" pageNumber="305" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB4207C0853197F0CF8FD59" blockId="26.[1380,2585,3126,3475]" lastBlockId="27.[181,1395,301,3481]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB4207D0853197F0E6CF29F" bold="true" box="[1380,1627,3363,3396]" pageId="26" pageNumber="305">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 101-135 mm,tail 33-47 mm; weight 34-58 g. Females are on average heavier and have slightly longer head—body length than males. Strelzow’s Mountain Vole has large semi-circular ears and moderately long tail ¢.33% of head—body length, which gets longer with elevation. Pelage is long (c.13 mm) and dense (138 hairs/ mm?), grayish brown dorsally and whitish gray below. Young individuals are duller and start molting when they weigh 20-27 g. Shoulders and area around ears are frequently buff. Tail is white, shaded cream in some individuals, densely covered by stiff hairs, terminating into distinct pencil. Feet are whitish. Females have four pairs of nipples. Skull is extremely flat and further depressed in interorbital region. Viewed from dorsalside, interorbital region is flat and wide, and zygomatic arches are bowed. Mandible is elongated, relatively lower than in other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0E1F16650BBFFD81" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1881" box="[808,904,569,602]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Alticola</taxonomicName>
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. Molars show no peculiarities other than those seen in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0FAC163D0ACCFD59" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1881" box="[667,763,609,642]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Alticola</taxonomicName>
|
||
. M” has three inner salient angles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB5207C0D8016D509DDFCB4" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB5207C0D8016D509DDFCB4" blockId="27.[181,1395,301,3481]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB5207C0D8016D50911FD71" bold="true" box="[183,294,649,682]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Accumulations of rocks, isolated boulders, and talus slopes in steppes and semi-deserts at elevations of 400-3000 m. Strelzow’s Mountain Vole seeks shelter in cracks and fissures, frequently on steep slopes (5-70°). Deep horizontal fissures are preferred because vertical cracks shelter less effectively against rain that can decay caches. High humidity is limiting northern distribution, and frequent droughts define southern distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB5207C0D8F17290B27F7D6" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB5207C0D8F17290B27F7D6" blockId="27.[181,1395,301,3481]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB5207C0D8F172909E2FC4D" bold="true" box="[184,469,885,918]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Strelzow’s Mountain Vole predominantly eats green plants and seeds. Lichens can be important in diet in late winter and early spring. Diet is diverse, with ¢.200 species known to be eaten. Most commonly found in caches are various species of sagebrush (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0F9E17B30B1DFBD7" box="[681,810,1007,1036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Artemisia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Artemisia</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and centaury (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C092817B30C99FBD7" box="[1055,1198,1007,1036]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Centaurea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Centaurea</taxonomicName>
|
||
), both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C082D17B3093EFBE8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; field pennycress (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0F01104A0AAAFBE8" box="[566,669,1046,1075]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Thlaspi" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Thlaspi</taxonomicName>
|
||
arvense,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0E1C104A0BD2FBE8" box="[811,997,1046,1075]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Brassicaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); savin juniper (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C09DB104A0D5AFBE8" box="[1260,1389,1046,1075]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Juniperus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sabina,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0C10106109C6FB81" box="[295,497,1085,1114]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); Siberian chives (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0E3D10610BE4FB81" box="[778,979,1085,1114]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nutans">Allium nutans</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and snowdrop onion (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0873106108C1FB59" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Allium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Allium</taxonomicName>
|
||
galanthum), both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0F2A10390AC9FB59" box="[541,766,1125,1154]" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Amaryllidaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; eastern pasqueflower (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C094D10390D52FB59" box="[1146,1381,1125,1154]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" genus="Pulsatilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="patens">Pulsatilla patens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0D8E10D409ABFB72" box="[185,412,1160,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ranunculaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ranunculaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); stonecrops (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0F4D10D40AE3FB72" box="[634,724,1160,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Sedum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Sedum</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and dunce caps (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C093610D40D30FB72" box="[1025,1287,1160,1193]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" genus="Orostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinosa">Orostachys spinosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
), both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0D8E10E80944FB0A" box="[185,371,1204,1233]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Crassulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Crassulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; currant (Ribes saxatile, Crossulariaceae); double flowering meadowsweet (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0C7F108709D6FB23" box="[328,481,1243,1272]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Filipendula" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Filipendula</taxonomicName>
|
||
hexapetala), cinquefoils (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0E6F10870BEFFB23" box="[856,984,1243,1272]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Potentilla" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Potentilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
bifurca), prickly rose (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C081C10870D5AFB23" box="[1323,1389,1243,1272]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rosa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Rosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
acicularis), bibernal rose (R. spinosissima), and various species of spirea (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C09C5115E0D6BFAC4" box="[1266,1372,1282,1311]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Spiraea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Spiraea</taxonomicName>
|
||
), all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0DD1117A095BFA9C" box="[230,364,1318,1351]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; yellow lucerne (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0F52117A0B7FFA9C" box="[613,840,1318,1351]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Medicago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">Medicago falcata</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and bramble vetch (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C09BF117A0CF9FA9C" box="[1160,1230,1318,1351]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Vicia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Vicia</taxonomicName>
|
||
tenuifolia), both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0C32111109BCFAB5" box="[261,395,1357,1390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; milkwort (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0F0611110B39FAB5" box="[561,782,1357,1390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygalaceae" genus="Polygala" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hybrida">Polygala hybrida</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0E2911110BEAFAB5" box="[798,989,1357,1390]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Polygalaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Polygalaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); woolly speedwell (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C083411110920FA4D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Veronica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incana">Veronica incana</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0C1011250A3FFA4D" box="[295,520,1401,1430]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Plantaginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); bedstraw (Gallium,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0E0D11250BE1FA4D" box="[826,982,1401,1430]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rubiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and honeysuckle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C09CE11250966FA66" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphylla">Lonicera microphylla</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0C5211C00A0AFA66" box="[357,573,1436,1469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dipsacales" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caprifoliaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Usually 5-10 plant species make up the majority of a cache. Strelzow’s Mountain Voles start gathering plants for caches immediately in spring (e.g. early May in Ereymentau District Mountains, northern Kazakhstan) and continue into autumn. Between 40 and 68 species of plants have been identified in caches, depending on region. In summer, most dry plant material consist of leaves (50-60%), followed by stems (20-30%) and flowers and seeds (c.15%). Plants are gathered into small heaps that can be up to 40-50 m from a nest. There can be up to 43 heaps/m?. In Khakassia and Tuva, southern Russia, they collect plants up to 80-100 m from the nest in summer and 150-200 m in autumn. Dry plants are cached in rocky caverns that can be large; e.g. in Kazakhstan, a cavern measuring 200 x 100 x 50 cm contained 8 kg of plant matter. It is estimated that a colony has 3.5-6 kg (mean 4-5 kg) of cached plants. Caches contain also dry insects, mummified reptiles and small mammals, and bones of large mammals, all with clear signs of gnawing. Fungi are locally important, making up ¢.50% of caches. Caches can rot in rainy weather or be destroyed by insects. While feeding on caches, Strelzow’s Mountain Voles always stay under shelter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB5207C0D8D1C4E0D6EF771" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB5207C0D8D1C4E0D6EF771" blockId="27.[181,1395,301,3481]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB5207C0D8D1C4E0977F7E8" bold="true" box="[186,320,2066,2099]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Female Strelzow’s Mountain Voles deliver two litters with 2-11 young annually. Mean numbers of embryos per female are 5-9-7-3 and vary among localities. Firstlitter is larger (4-9 young, mean 7-1) than second litter (4-7, 5-1). Resorption of embryos was not observed in Kazakhstan. Pregnant females can share the same nest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB5207C0D8E1CEC0B17F558" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB5207C0D8E1CEC0B17F558" blockId="27.[181,1395,301,3481]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB5207C0D8E1CEC099EF70A" bold="true" box="[185,425,2224,2257]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Strelzow’s Mountain Vole is active
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FFB5207C0E861CEC0BD6F70A" box="[945,993,2224,2257]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="day">day</taxonomicName>
|
||
and night and throughout the year. It avoids leaving the nest in heavy wind and rain. Nest is constructed of grass, with diameters of 10-25 cm, and is hidden under a stone or in a fissure. These places buffer against climatic extremes of the surrounding environment; e.g. when daily temperature outside the nest is 18°C,it is only 4°C in the shelter. Horizontal rocky shelters can be further protected against adverse environmental conditions by a stony wall constructed by its occupants. Strelzow’s Mountain Voles use incisors to carry 1-36 g stones, corresponding to as much as one-third of their body weights. Mean weights of stones are 6-6-12-5 g, depending on the wall. Stones are mixed with excrements and urine to consolidate materials. Walls are usually 3-4 m long, ¢.30 cm high, and 30 cm wide at the base, but much larger walls have been reported measuring up 8-10 m long, I m high, and up to 1 m wide at their bases.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB5207C0D8B1ED00CDDF323" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB5207C0D8B1ED00CDDF323" blockId="27.[181,1395,301,3481]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB5207C0D8B1ED00BB9F572" bold="true" box="[188,910,2700,2729]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Strelzow’s Mountain Vole moves around by walking, running, and jumping. It can jump a distance of 50 cm and up to 40 cm high. It is agile climber over steep (60-70) rocks and on plants. It is able to climb up a stalk not more than 6-7 mm wide and can climb trees up to 10 m high. It is also good swimmer and was observed swimming across a river 10m wide. Distances between nest chamber and feeding ground can be 100-170 m. Strelzow’s Mountain Voles live in groups and share one or more communal shelters. Shelters vary in size. Normally, there is enough of room for nest and cache, but sometimes shelters are so small they can hardly accommodate nests. Two shelters of the same group can be up to 25 m apart. Family groups are dispersed due to the mosaic nature of rocky environments. In Ereymentau and Chingiz-Tau Mountains (Kazakhstan), family groups can be up to 150-800 m apart, and in Kazakh highlands, there were 1-12 groups/ha. In Khakassia and Tuva, groups occupied 40-450 m*. Groups have 3-6 individuals (mean 4-2) in spring and 5-11 individuals (8-1) in summer. Tails play roles in communication among individuals. While moving around,tails are elevated at angles of 25-40". Tail flips are visible from various distances, even in dark underground situations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB5207C0D89195F092BF293" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB5207C0D89195F092BF293" blockId="27.[181,1395,301,3481]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB5207C0D89195F0A29F2FB" bold="true" box="[190,542,3331,3360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List (as A. strelzown).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFFB5207C0D89190909E3F24C" pageId="27" pageNumber="306" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FFB5207C0D89190909E3F24C" blockId="27.[181,1395,301,3481]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FFB5207C0D8919090960F2B5" bold="true" box="[190,343,3413,3438]" pageId="27" pageNumber="306">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Chertilina et al. (2012), Gromov & Erbajeva (1995), Shenbrot & Krasnov (2005), Sludskiy et al. (1978), Yudin et al. (1979).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |