treatments-xml/data/FC/3D/50/FC3D501DFFE02F40D93191CEFD23F9B8.xml

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<mods:title id="321422D9E9829562DB8ADFFF5F021E48">Pandanus tsingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb. (Pandanaceae), a new species endemic to western Madagascar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C6B2BDAA6773CA670819250BBEE3E195">Callmander, Martin W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E505B93CC7E5FDE2C2B728EEC4159699">Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166 - 0299, U. S. A. and Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, ch. de l’Impératrice 1, CP 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="70FAB446B1D77318020A850F4DBAEFBC">Bolliger, Ralph</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="11BE2DB20FD565F6E3388219E621ED31">Université de Genève, Laboratoire de botanique systématique et biodiversité and Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, ch. de l’Impératrice 1, CP 60, 1292 Chambésy, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2FC34A8BFB424ED1F50D1DE5A4F53995">Hanitrarivo, R. Mitia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="D87E18987DA544801B43E2DD31DE8D89">Université d’Antananarivo, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41D93191CEFDA1FD5D" ID-CoL="4CBBN" authority="Callm. &amp; Nusb." authorityName="Callm. &amp; Nusb. This" authorityYear="2013" box="[118,525,683,707]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsingycola" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41D93191CEFEF6FD5D" bold="true" box="[118,346,683,707]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Pandanus tsingycola</emphasis>
Callm. &amp; Nusb.
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, 
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(
<figureCitation id="ECAFFD8EFFE02F41DBDC91CEFD5FFD5D" box="[667,755,683,707]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="2.[118,147,1873,1893]" captionStartId-1="3.[103,131,1898,1918]" captionTargetBox-0="[117,1494,279,1854]" captionTargetBox-1="[102,1479,279,1837]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@2.[145,1467,282,1854]" captionTargetId-1="figure-9@3.[113,1467,290,1826]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Fig. 2. – Pandanus tsingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb. A. Tip of a leaf; B. Median section of a leaf; C. Basal section of a leaf; D. Syncarp; E. Single carpel detached from a phalange; F. Cross section of a single carpel; G. Phalange; H. Cross section of a phalange. [Nusbaumer &amp; al. 3117, TEF] [Drawing: R. Andriamiarisoa]" captionText-1="Fig. 3. – Pandanus tsingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb. A. Ecology on tsingy; B. General habit; C-D. Syncarp. [A, C: Bolliger &amp; al. 121; B, D: Hanitrarivo &amp; al. 376] [Photos: A, C: R. Bolliger; B, D: R. M. Hanitrarivo]" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719339" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719341" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5719339/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5719341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Fig. 2-3</figureCitation>
).
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Typus: 
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. Prov.
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:
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, fr., 
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, 
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&amp; 
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376
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(
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<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41D9DC9019FE5BFBE8" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Haec species a congeneris madagascariensibus syncarpio ex phalangibus grandibus perpaucis (7 ad 9) incomplete connatis maturitate secedentibus constante, quaque phalange ex carpellis (21 ad) 27 ad 33 (ad 38) constante, quoque carpello ad apicem in pileum pyramidalem abiente atque pileis ad cristas apicales vel ad marginem paginae apicalis truncatae stigmate solitario erecto curvatove acuto spiniformi praeditis distinguitur.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41D9DB97E3FF49FB00" box="[156,229,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Treelet</emphasis>
to 
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tall, generally decumbent on 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DBC697E3FD6DFB00" box="[641,705,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">tsingy</emphasis>
, stem prickly, up to 
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diam., dried leaves persistent, pending below the crown of green leaves, surrounding the stem. 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DBFF97A3FCACFB40" box="[696,768,1222,1246]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Leaves</emphasis>
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41D9319783FF57FB60" box="[118,251,1254,1278]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="140.0" valueMax="170.0" valueMin="110.0">110-170 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41D8069783FE15FB60" box="[321,441,1254,1278]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="3.1" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="2.5">2.5-3.7 cm</quantity>
wide in the middle, 
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wide near the sheath, gradually attenuate in the upper part, flagellate (ca. 
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long), coriaceous; longitudinal and transverse veins visible on both surfaces; prickles white 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DBE99622FD5BFAC1" box="[686,759,1351,1375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">in vivo</emphasis>
; marginal prickles beginning at (6-) 
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above the base and extending to the apex, antrorse (rarely retrorse in the lower 1/3), 
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in the lower third, 2-5(-10) mm apart, strong, to 
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in the mid third; 4-10(-12) mm apart, to &lt;
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in the distal third, 
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apart; midrib armed in the upper 2/3, prickles small (&lt;
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), irregularly disposed (
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DB31956CFD70F9BF" box="[630,732,1545,1569]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="4.0">4-12 mm</quantity>
) in the middle, then regularly disposed, spaced (
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DB3C954CFD7BF9DF" box="[635,727,1577,1601]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2-5 mm</quantity>
) as long as on the marginal in the distal 1/3; sheath 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DB2B952CFD33F9FF" box="[620,671,1609,1633]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
long, ca. 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41D932950FFF6DF91C" box="[117,193,1642,1666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4-5 cm</quantity>
wide at apex ca. 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41D83B950FFE78F91C" box="[380,468,1642,1666]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.1" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="10.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="9.0">9-11 cm</quantity>
large at base. 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DB28950FFD53F91C" box="[623,767,1642,1666]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Infrutescence</emphasis>
terminal, a solitary syncarp pending at maturity, on a straight peduncle; syncarp 14-17 × 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41D8D995CFFDAAF95C" box="[414,518,1706,1730]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="13.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="12.0">12-14 cm</quantity>
, irregularly shaped, the outline variable determined by the number and the position of the phalanges; peduncle (13-) 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41D8EB958EFDBEF89D" box="[428,530,1771,1795]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15-20 cm</quantity>
long, 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DB12958EFD6AF89D" box="[597,710,1771,1795]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5-2.2 cm</quantity>
wide at apex, 1.- 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41D9A3946EFE9DF8BD" box="[228,305,1803,1827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="1.4">1.4 cm</quantity>
in the middle, straight, trigonous, veins visible, first bract borne 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41D835944EFE7DF8DD" box="[370,465,1835,1859]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="9.0" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="6.0">6-12 cm</quantity>
from the base of syncarp, 3-4 bracts scares along peduncle and the remaining bracts crowded at the base of the syncarp; lower bracts leaf-like, upper bracts boat-shape at base and flagellate in the distal part. 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA0C927CFC10FEAF" box="[843,956,281,305]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Phalange,</emphasis>
6-7 per syncarp, (5-)6-7(-8) cm high, 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DC20927CFA79FEAF" box="[1383,1493,281,305]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.025" metricValueMax="1.15" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="10.25" valueMax="11.5" valueMin="9.0">9-11.5 cm</quantity>
wide, 5-6(-7) cm thick, (3-)4(-5) angled; carpels (21-)27-33 (-38), incompletely united, free in the upper ca. 1/5-2/5, tapering to the base; pileus divided by apical sinuses 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DCCE921EFA79FE0D" box="[1417,1493,379,403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 cm</quantity>
deep into acute pyramids (sometimes slightly flattened at apex) as many as there are carpels. 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DD3892D9FB65FE4A" box="[1151,1225,444,468]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Stigma</emphasis>
(21-)27-33(-38) per phalange (one per carpel), erect to curved, acute, thorny, on the apical ridges or on the edge of the truncate apical face of the pyramidal pileus, brown 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DD0C9178FB3CFDAB" box="[1099,1168,541,565]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">in vivo</emphasis>
, generally prolonged by a sinus 0.6-1(-1.3) cm long towards the centre of the carpel, invaginated; endocarp 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DD46913AFBDAFDE9" box="[1025,1142,607,631]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="cm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2-2.5 cm</quantity>
long in the centre, 
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wide, 
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away from the stigmas; seed locule oblong, 1-1.2 × 
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, superior and inferior mesocarp thick and fibrous. 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA0C91A5FC1AFD46" box="[843,950,704,728]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Staminate</emphasis>
plant unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C8EB280FFE02F41DA36918DFBDAFC1D" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="742BE10BFFE02F41DA36918DFBDAFC1D" blockId="4.[843,1494,744,899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA36918DFB56FC9E" box="[881,1274,744,768]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
Distribution. – 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DD5F918DFB56FC9E" authorityName="Callm. &amp; Nusb. This" authorityYear="2013" box="[1048,1274,744,768]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsingycola">Pandanus tsingycola</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is only known from the Beanka tsingy in western Madagascar (
<figureCitation id="ECAFFD8EFFE02F41DC6B906CFAC2FCBF" box="[1324,1390,777,801]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[103,131,1905,1925]" captionTargetBox="[103,1478,826,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-316@1.[158,1422,827,1886]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. – Distribution of Pandanus tsingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb. in Madagascar with highlight on the remaining forests on Mesozoic limestones on the whole island (right) as delimited by MOAT &amp; SMITH (2007) and of the forested areas on the detailed map of the Beanka region (left). Ankarana and Bemaraha are highlighted." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719337/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). During botanical and vegetation studies in the region, several populations were observed on “tsingy”, and herbarium samples were collected at four study sites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C8EB280FFE02F41DA3690F6FA79F927" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="742BE10BFFE02F41DA3690F6FA79F927" blockId="4.[843,1494,915,1721]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA3690F6FA85FC35" box="[881,1321,915,939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
Habitat and ecology. – 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DD1E90F6FA85FC35" authorityName="Callm. &amp; Nusb. This" authorityYear="2013" box="[1113,1321,915,939]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsingycola">Pandanus tsingycola</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
occurs on highly eroded limestone “tsingy” in plane areas with discontinuous soil, up to an altitude of 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DD0D90B1FB23FC72" box="[1098,1167,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="330.0">330 m</quantity>
. 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DDDE90B1FAD9FC72" authorityName="Callm. &amp; Nusb. This" authorityYear="2013" box="[1177,1397,980,1004]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsingycola">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DDDE90B1FAD9FC72" box="[1177,1397,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Pandanus tsingycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows in primary dry decidous forests with open canopies reaching 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DCFC9090FC32FBB3" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="m" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12 to 15 m</quantity>
where the species is generally gregarious and sometimes comprises more than 90% of the vegetation cover (
<figureCitation id="ECAFFD8EFFE02F41DA149733FC0BFBF0" box="[851,935,1110,1134]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1898,1918]" captionTargetBox="[102,1479,279,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@3.[113,1467,290,1826]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. – Pandanus tsingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb. A. Ecology on tsingy; B. General habit; C-D. Syncarp. [A, C: Bolliger &amp; al. 121; B, D: Hanitrarivo &amp; al. 376] [Photos: A, C: R. Bolliger; B, D: R. M. Hanitrarivo]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
). A study of the vegetation in Beanka (Rakotozafy &amp; al., 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA339712FC56FB11" box="[884,1018,1143,1167]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">pers. comm.</emphasis>
) based on 46 linear transects following the methodology of 
<bibRefCitation id="10059CFAFFE02F41DAB897FDFB40FB31" author="GAUTIER, L. &amp; C. CHATELAIN &amp; R. SPICHIGER" box="[1023,1260,1175,1200]" editor="SEYANI, J. H. &amp; A. C. CHIKUNI" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="GAUTIER" journalOrPublisher="National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi. Zomba" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" pagination="1339 - 1350" refId="ref3369" refString="GAUTIER, L., C. CHATELAIN &amp; R. SPICHIGER (1994). Presentation of a releve method for vegetation studies based on high-resolution satellite imagery. In: SEYANI, J. H. &amp; A. C. CHIKUNI (ed.), Proceedings of XIIIth plenary meeting of AETFAT, Zomba, Malawi, 1991: 1339 - 1350. National Herbarium and Botanic Gardens of Malawi. Zomba." title="Presentation of a releve method for vegetation studies based on high-resolution satellite imagery" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Proceedings of XIIIth plenary meeting of AETFAT, Zomba, Malawi, 1991" year="1994">GAUTIER &amp; al. (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, showed that the new 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DA0C97DDFC18FB4E" box="[843,948,1208,1232]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA0C97DDFC18FB4E" box="[843,948,1208,1232]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Pandanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an indicator species sensu 
<bibRefCitation id="10059CFAFFE02F41DDAF97DDFC39FB6F" author="DUFRENE, M. &amp; P. LEGENDRE" firstAuthor="DUFRENE" journalOrPublisher="Ecol. Monogr." pageId="4" pageNumber="233" pagination="345 - 366" part="67" refId="ref3333" refString="DUFRENE, M. &amp; P. LEGENDRE (1997). Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach. Ecol. Monogr. 67: 345 - 366." title="Species assemblages and indicator species: the need for a flexible asymmetrical approach" type="journal article" year="1997">DUFRÊNE &amp; LEGENDRE (1997)</bibRefCitation>
of the vegetation type described above refered to as “ 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DA12979CFC6EFA8F" box="[853,962,1273,1297]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
thicket”. This vegetation type is unique in their study in being characterized by the presence of a single (vs. numerous) indicator species. Furthermore, the species diversity is relatively low in “ 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DD65963EFB27FAED" box="[1058,1163,1371,1395]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
thicket” with only 98 different taxa vs. 180 to 339 taxa for the other four vegetation types (Rakotozafy &amp; al., 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DD5696F9FB3CFA2A" box="[1041,1168,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">pers. comm.</emphasis>
). The most frequently recorded species occurring with 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DD0896D8FB72FA4B" authorityName="Callm. &amp; Nusb. This" authorityYear="2013" box="[1103,1246,1469,1493]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsingycola">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DD0896D8FB72FA4B" box="[1103,1246,1469,1493]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">P. tsingycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in vegetation surveys include: 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DAF496B8FB85F988" authority="(H. Perrier) C. C. Berg" authorityName="C. C. Berg" baseAuthorityName="H. Perrier" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Antiaris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="toxicaria" subSpecies="madagascariensis">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DAF496B8FBD2FA6B" box="[947,1150,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Antiaris toxicaria</emphasis>
subsp. 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DD9B96B8FA09FA6B" box="[1244,1445,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">madagascariensis</emphasis>
(H. Perrier) C. C. Berg
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DD71969BFA7DF988" authority="Jum. &amp; H. Perrier" authorityName="Jum. &amp; H. Perrier" box="[1078,1489,1534,1558]" class="Liliopsida" family="Dioscoreaceae" genus="Dioscorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Dioscoreales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="antaly">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DD71969BFB54F988" box="[1078,1272,1534,1558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Dioscorea antaly</emphasis>
Jum. &amp; H. Perrier
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DA0C957BFB37F9A8" authority="Radcl.-Sm." authorityName="Radcl.-Sm." box="[843,1179,1566,1590]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Givotia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stipularis">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA0C957BFBBDF9A8" box="[843,1041,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Givotia stipularis</emphasis>
Radcl.-Sm.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DDEE957BFBACF9C9" authority="(Baill.) Kosterm." authorityName="Kosterm." baseAuthorityName="Baill." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hildegardia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="erythrosiphon">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DDEE957BFA79F9A8" box="[1193,1493,1566,1590]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Hildegardia erythrosiphon</emphasis>
(Baill.) Kosterm.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DD4D955AFAD3F9C9" authority="(Capuron) Stannard" authorityName="Stannard" baseAuthorityName="Capuron" box="[1034,1407,1599,1623]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Kirkiaceae" genus="Kirkia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leandrii">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DD4D955AFB0AF9C9" box="[1034,1190,1599,1623]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Kirkia leandrii</emphasis>
(Capuron) Stannard
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DCCE955AFBD9F9E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Neobeguea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leandriana">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DCCE955AFC57F9E9" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Neobeguea leandriana</emphasis>
J.-F. Leroy
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DD38953AFA7EF9E9" authority="Leandri" authorityName="Leandri" box="[1151,1490,1631,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Omphalea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DD38953AFADAF9E9" box="[1151,1398,1631,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Omphalea occidentalis</emphasis>
Leandri
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA0B95E5FC4DF906" box="[844,993,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DA0B95E5FC1BF906" box="[844,951,1664,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Poupartia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined" status="sp.">Poupartia</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5DD38062FFE02F41DAFA95E5FC71F906" box="[957,989,1664,1688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
</emphasis>
as well as 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DD1395E5FA04F906" authority="Cavaco" authorityName="Cavaco" box="[1108,1448,1664,1688]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rubiaceae" genus="Hymenodictyon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leandrii">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DD1395E5FAFFF906" box="[1108,1363,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Hymenodictyon leandrii</emphasis>
Cavaco
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DA0C95C4FC70F927" box="[843,988,1697,1721]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Allophylus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA0C95C4FC70F927" box="[843,988,1697,1721]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Allophylus sp.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, species that also occur in other vegetation types.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C8EB280FFE02F41DA3795ACFA83F83A" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="742BE10BFFE02F41DA3795ACFA83F83A" blockId="4.[842,1494,1737,1956]" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DA3795ACFBFDF97F" box="[880,1105,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Conservation status. –</emphasis>
With only four collections known and five reliable field observations, an “Extent Of Occurrence” (EOO) of ca. 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DACB946FFC63F8BC" box="[908,975,1802,1826]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="km" value="19.0">19 km</quantity>
<superScript id="83E14C43FFE02F41DA88946CFC7BF889" attach="left" box="[975,983,1801,1815]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">2</superScript>
, an “Area Of Occupancy” (AOO) of 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE02F41DC26946FFA08F8BC" box="[1377,1444,1802,1826]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" unit="km" value="54.0">54 km</quantity>
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and two subpopulations (calculation following 
<bibRefCitation id="10059CFAFFE02F41DC4F944EFC2CF8FD" author="CALLMANDER, M. W. &amp; G. E. SCHATZ &amp; P. P. LOWRY II &amp; M. O. LAIVAO &amp; J. RAHARIMAMPIONONA &amp; S. ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA &amp; T. RAMINOSOA &amp; T. CONSIGLIO" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="CALLMANDER" journalOrPublisher="Oryx" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" pagination="168 - 176" part="41" refId="ref3252" refString="CALLMANDER, M. W., G. E. SCHATZ, P. P. LOWRY II, M. O. LAIVAO, J. RAHARIMAMPIONONA, S. ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA, T. RAMINOSOA &amp; T. CONSIGLIO (2007). Application of IUCN Red List criteria and assessment of Priority Areas for Plant Conservation in Madagascar: rare and threatened Pandanaceae indicate new sites in need of protection. Oryx 41: 168 - 176." title="Application of IUCN Red List criteria and assessment of Priority Areas for Plant Conservation in Madagascar: rare and threatened Pandanaceae indicate new sites in need of protection" type="journal article" year="2007">CALLMANDER &amp; al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
), within the new Protected Area of Beanka with a temporary protection status, 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE02F41DABA9409FB7EF81A" authorityName="Callm. &amp; Nusb. This" authorityYear="2013" box="[1021,1234,1900,1924]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsingycola">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE02F41DABA9409FB7EF81A" box="[1021,1234,1900,1924]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="233">Pandanus tsingycola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is assigned a preliminary status of “Vulnerable” (VU D2) (
<bibRefCitation id="10059CFAFFE02F41DDD994E9FA8FF83A" author="IUCN" box="[1182,1315,1932,1956]" firstAuthor="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland &amp; Cambridge" pageId="4" pageNumber="233" refId="ref3561" refString="IUCN (2012). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edition. IUCN Species Survival Commission, IUCN, Gland &amp; Cambridge." title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1. 2 nd edition" type="book" year="2012">IUCN, 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="20EBB183FFE12F40D920927EFDB0FED7" ID-Table-UUID="20EBB183FFE12F40D920927EFDB0FED7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/20EBB183FFE12F40D920927EFDB0FED7" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" startId="5.[103,146,283,303]" targetBox="[103,1472,376,652]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="742BE10BFFE12F40D920927EFDB0FED7" blockId="5.[103,1309,283,330]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D920927EFF19FEB1" bold="true" box="[103,181,283,303]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Table 1. –</emphasis>
Principal morphological characters differentiating the new species, 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40DBAE927EFC96FEB1" box="[745,826,283,303]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pandanus</taxonomicName>
tsyingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb., from 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40DD1B927EFAA5FEB1" authority="B. C. Stone" authorityName="B. C. Stone" box="[1116,1289,283,303]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biceps">P. biceps B. C. Stone</taxonomicName>
&amp; J.-L. Guillaumet and 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40D8489253FDB0FED7" authority="Callm. &amp; L. Gaut." box="[271,540,309,330]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">P. nusbaumeri Callm. &amp; L. Gaut.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="742BE10BFFE12F40D8DD921DFB1BFD12" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<table id="069413ABFFE1D0BAD920921DFA6CFD12" box="[103,1472,376,652]" gridcols="6" gridrows="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<tr id="CAA4E349FFE1D0BAD920921DFA6CFE52" box="[103,1472,376,460]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD8C6921DFE79FE52" box="[385,469,376,460]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D8DD921DFE10FE52" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Leaf length [cm]</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD8AE921DFDCBFE52" box="[489,615,376,460]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40DB4A921DFDCFFE52" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Phalange dimensions (H x L) [cm]</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="89758A35FFE1D0BADBCA921DFD55FE52" box="[653,761,376,460]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40DBE5921DFD5BFE52" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Number of phalanges per syncarp</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="89758A35FFE1D0BADA5B921DFC35FE52" box="[796,921,376,460]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40DA69921DFC2EFE52" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Number of carpels per phalange</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="89758A35FFE1D0BADA8B921DFA6CFE52" box="[972,1472,376,460]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40DA8B921DFB63FE12" bold="true" box="[972,1231,376,396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Stigma (shape and localisation)</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="CAA4E349FFE1D0BAD92092BDFA6CFD92" box="[103,1472,472,524]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<th id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD92092BDFE84FD92" box="[103,296,472,524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40D92092BDFF4AFD92" authority="Callm. &amp; Nusb." authorityName="Callm. &amp; Nusb. This" authorityYear="2013" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsingycola">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D92092BDFF4AFD92" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">P. tsingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD8C692BDFE79FD92" box="[385,469,472,524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">110-170</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD8AE92BDFDCBFD92" box="[489,615,472,524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">6-7 × 9-11.5</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BADBCA92BDFD55FD92" box="[653,761,472,524]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">6-7</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BADA5B92BDFC35FD92" box="[796,921,472,524]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">(21-)27-33(-38)</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BADA8B92BDFA6CFD92" box="[972,1472,472,524]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">erect to curved, acute, thorny, on the apical ridges or on the side of the truncate apical face of the pyramidal pileus</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CAA4E349FFE1D0BAD920917DFA6CFDD2" box="[103,1472,536,588]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<th id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD920917DFE84FDD2" box="[103,296,536,588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D920917DFF4DFDD2" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40D920917DFEA2FDB2" authority="B. C. Stone" authorityName="B. C. Stone" box="[103,270,536,556]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biceps">P. biceps B. C. Stone</taxonomicName>
&amp; J.-L Guillaumet
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD8C6917DFE79FDD2" box="[385,469,536,588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">170(-250)</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD8AE917DFDCBFDD2" box="[489,615,536,588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">4.5 × 2.8</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BADBCA917DFD55FDD2" box="[653,761,536,588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">2</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BADA5B917DFC35FDD2" box="[796,921,536,588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">14-20</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BADA8B917DFA6CFDD2" box="[972,1472,536,588]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">reniform, generally distal on a truncate pyramidal pileus</td>
</tr>
<tr id="CAA4E349FFE1D0BAD920913DFA6CFD12" box="[103,1472,600,652]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<th id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD920913DFE84FD12" box="[103,296,600,652]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40D920913DFF05FD12" authority="Callm. &amp; L. Gaut." authorityName="Callm. &amp; L. Gaut." class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D920913DFF05FD12" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">P. nusbaumeri Callm. &amp; L. Gaut.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD8C6913DFE79FD12" box="[385,469,600,652]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">100-110</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BAD8AE913DFD55FD12" box="[489,761,600,652]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">3.5- 4.5 × ca. 5-6 17-18</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BADA5B913DFC35FD12" box="[796,921,600,652]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">(3-)5-8(-14)</td>
<td id="89758A35FFE1D0BADA8B913DFA6CFD12" box="[972,1472,600,652]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">slightly spinescent, sub-vertical, prominent at the center of each acute pyramidal pileus</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="3C8EB280FFE12F40D9CB91B7FEC5FACE" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="742BE10BFFE12F40D9CB91B7FEC5FACE" blockId="5.[102,754,722,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D9CB91B7FE62FD74" box="[140,462,722,746]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
Notes. – 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40D9AB91B7FE62FD74" authorityName="Callm. &amp; Nusb. This" authorityYear="2013" box="[236,462,722,746]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tsingycola">Pandanus tsingycola</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
is morphologically unique among the genus. The new species bears syncarps with very few (7-9) incompletely fused phalanges which detach at maturity (
<figureCitation id="ECAFFD8EFFE12F40D9D89056FF49FCD5" box="[159,229,819,843]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[118,147,1873,1893]" captionTargetBox="[117,1494,279,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[145,1467,282,1854]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. – Pandanus tsingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb. A. Tip of a leaf; B. Median section of a leaf; C. Basal section of a leaf; D. Syncarp; E. Single carpel detached from a phalange; F. Cross section of a single carpel; G. Phalange; H. Cross section of a phalange. [Nusbaumer &amp; al. 3117, TEF] [Drawing: R. Andriamiarisoa]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The general shape of syncarp is irregular, its outline variable - determined by the number and the position of the few phalanges (
<figureCitation id="ECAFFD8EFFE12F40D8099011FE21FC12" box="[334,397,884,908]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[118,147,1873,1893]" captionTargetBox="[117,1494,279,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-19@2.[145,1467,282,1854]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. – Pandanus tsingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb. A. Tip of a leaf; B. Median section of a leaf; C. Basal section of a leaf; D. Syncarp; E. Single carpel detached from a phalange; F. Cross section of a single carpel; G. Phalange; H. Cross section of a phalange. [Nusbaumer &amp; al. 3117, TEF] [Drawing: R. Andriamiarisoa]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719339" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719339/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Each of these phalanges is composed of (21-)27-33(-38) pyramidal carpels, with a single erect to curved, acute, thorny stigma, on the apical ridges or on the edge of the truncate apical face of this pyramidal pileus (
<figureCitation id="ECAFFD8EFFE12F40D9289090FF03FB93" box="[111,175,1013,1037]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[103,131,1898,1918]" captionTargetBox="[102,1479,279,1837]" captionTargetId="figure-9@3.[113,1467,290,1826]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. – Pandanus tsingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb. A. Ecology on tsingy; B. General habit; C-D. Syncarp. [A, C: Bolliger &amp; al. 121; B, D: Hanitrarivo &amp; al. 376] [Photos: A, C: R. Bolliger; B, D: R. M. Hanitrarivo]" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5719341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5719341/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). The overall morphology of its phalange recalls those of 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40D9C49770FD8BFBB3" authority="B. C. Stone &amp; J.-L. Guillaumet" authorityName="B. C. Stone &amp; J.-L. Guillaumet" box="[131,551,1045,1069]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biceps">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D9C49770FF73FBB3" box="[131,223,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">P. biceps</emphasis>
B. C. Stone &amp; J.-L. Guillaumet
</taxonomicName>
and to some extent to 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40D9C69753FE70FBD0" authority="Callm. &amp; L. Gaut." authorityName="Callm. &amp; L. Gaut." box="[129,476,1078,1102]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D9C69753FEBAFBD0" box="[129,278,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">P. nusbaumeri</emphasis>
Callm. &amp; L. Gaut.
</taxonomicName>
Both occur in the extreme north of Madagascar: 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40D81C9733FE10FBF0" box="[347,444,1110,1134]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="biceps">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D81C9733FE10FBF0" box="[347,444,1110,1134]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">P. biceps</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the Ankarana massif (
<bibRefCitation id="10059CFAFFE12F40D9859713FDA7FB10" author="STONE, B. C. &amp; J. - L. GUILLAUMET" box="[194,523,1142,1166]" firstAuthor="STONE" journalOrPublisher="Adansonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" pagination="127 - 134" part="2" refId="ref3591" refString="STONE, B. C. &amp; J. - L. GUILLAUMET (1970). Une nouvelle et remarquable espece de Pandanus de Madagascar. Adansonia ser. 2, 10: 127 - 134." title="Une nouvelle et remarquable espece de Pandanus de Madagascar" type="book" year="1970">STONE &amp; GUILLAUMET, 1970</bibRefCitation>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="B3949A88FFE12F40DB089713FD5DFB10" box="[591,753,1142,1166]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" genus="Pandanus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40DB089713FD5DFB10" box="[591,753,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">P. nusbaumeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to the western leeward side of the Montagne d’Ambre (
<bibRefCitation id="10059CFAFFE12F40D9D197D2FE0AFB51" author="CALLMANDER, M. W. &amp; L. GAUTIER &amp; S. M. TRIGUI" box="[150,422,1207,1231]" etAl="&amp; al." firstAuthor="CALLMANDER" journalOrPublisher="Candollea" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" pagination="213 - 218" part="64" refId="ref3166" refString="CALLMANDER, M. W., L. GAUTIER &amp; S. M. TRIGUI (2009). Pandanus nusbaumeri Callm. &amp; L. Gaut. (Pandanaceae), a new species from northern Madagascar. Candollea 64: 213 - 218." title="Pandanus nusbaumeri Callm. &amp; L. Gaut. (Pandanaceae), a new species from northern Madagascar" type="journal article" year="2009">CALLMANDER &amp; al., 2009</bibRefCitation>
). All three species have incompletely united phalanges formed by several individual carpels with a more or less pyramidal pileus. However these species differ from the new species by several morphological characters (see 
<tableCitation id="3916D4B0FFE12F40D84C965DFEF5FACE" box="[267,345,1336,1360]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="5.[103,146,283,303]" captionTargetId="graphics-691@5.[103,1479,464,529]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 1. – Principal morphological characters differentiating the new species, Pandanus tsyingycola Callm. &amp; Nusb., from P. biceps B. C. Stone &amp; J.-L. Guillaumet and P. nusbaumeri Callm. &amp; L. Gaut." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/20EBB183FFE12F40D920927EFDB0FED7" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" tableUuid="20EBB183FFE12F40D920927EFDB0FED7">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3C8EB280FFE12F40D9CB963AFD23F9B8" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="742BE10BFFE12F40D9CB963AFD23F9B8" blockId="5.[102,754,722,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<materialsCitation id="C4FCEB56FFE12F40D9CB963AFD40FA31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3463780305" collectingDate="2012-01-23" collectionCode="G, FI, P, MO, TEF" collectorName="Bolliger &amp; Hanitrarivo &amp; Rakotozafy" country="Madagascar" elevation="185" location="Beanka, Partie N, Ambabaky" municipality="Mahajanga" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" specimenCode="G00341216" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D9CB963AFF72FAEA" box="[140,222,1375,1396]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<typeStatus id="AB2F5FA9FFE12F40D9CB963AFF72FAEA" box="[140,222,1375,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" type="paratype">Paratypi</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
. – 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D9BB963AFDE9FAEA" bold="true" box="[252,581,1375,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<collectingCountry id="0C83A19BFFE12F40D9BB963AFE2FFAED" box="[252,387,1375,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
. Prov. 
<collectingMunicipality id="944F7B71FFE12F40D88E963AFDEEFAEA" box="[457,578,1375,1396]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Mahajanga</collectingMunicipality>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="714BB7D0FFE12F40DB0C963AFF7DFA0C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC3D501DFFE02F40D93191CEFD23F9B8:714BB7D0FFE12F40DB0C963AFF7DFA0C" country="Madagascar" municipality="Mahajanga" name="Beanka, Partie N, Ambabaky" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Beanka, Partie N, Ambabaky</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="11A087CCFFE12F40D99D9618FE69FA0C" box="[218,453,1405,1426]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">17°52’22”S 44°29’06”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE12F40D8889618FDA2FA0C" box="[463,526,1405,1426]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="185.0">
<elevation id="FFB90638FFE12F40D8889618FDA2FA0C" box="[463,526,1405,1426]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="185.0">185 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="002AC7CBFFE12F40DB5F9618FDD9FA0C" box="[536,629,1405,1426]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" value="2012-01-23">
<collectingDate id="106E3E23FFE12F40DB5F9618FDD9FA0C" box="[536,629,1405,1426]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" value="2012-01-23">23.I.2012</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40DBD89618FE3CFA31" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<collectorName id="D96184DDFFE12F40DBD89618FD41FA0C" box="[671,749,1405,1426]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Bolliger</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="D96184DDFFE12F40D92196FFFF76FA31" box="[102,218,1434,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Hanitrarivo</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="D96184DDFFE12F40D9BD96FFFECAFA31" box="[250,358,1434,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Rakotozafy</collectorName>
121
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40D8D996FFFE1DFA31" box="[414,433,1434,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">G</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="24324970FFE12F40D8FA96FFFD9BFA31" box="[445,567,1434,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">G00341216</specimenCode>
], 
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40DB0096FFFDF3FA31" box="[583,607,1434,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">FI</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40DB2E96FFFDDBFA31" box="[617,631,1434,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">P</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40DBC696FFFD06FA31" box="[641,682,1434,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">MO</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40DBF296FFFD4AFA31" box="[693,742,1434,1455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">TEF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="C4FCEB56FFE12F40D92196DDFD41FA75" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3463780304" collectingDate="2011-11-17" collectionCode="G, TEF" collectorName="Gautier &amp; Tahinarivony &amp; Bolliger" country="Madagascar" elevation="303" location="Beanka, Partie N, Ambabaky" municipality="Mahajanga" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" specimenCode="G00340555" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="714BB7D0FFE12F40D92196DDFEDAFA53" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC3D501DFFE02F40D93191CEFD23F9B8:714BB7D0FFE12F40D92196DDFEDAFA53" box="[102,374,1464,1485]" name="Beanka, Partie N, Ambabaky" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Beanka, Partie N, Ambabaky</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="11A087CCFFE12F40D8C796DDFDC8FA53" box="[384,612,1464,1485]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">17°53’20”S 44°29’31”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE12F40DB2996DDFD07FA53" box="[622,683,1464,1485]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="303.0">
<elevation id="FFB90638FFE12F40DB2996DDFD07FA53" box="[622,683,1464,1485]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.03" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="303.0">303 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="002AC7CBFFE12F40DBF296DDFF3FFA75" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" value="2011-11-17">
<collectingDate id="106E3E23FFE12F40DBF296DDFF3FFA75" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" value="2011-11-17">17.XI. 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D9FF96B3FDBFFA75" box="[184,531,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<collectorName id="D96184DDFFE12F40D9FF96B3FF51FA75" box="[184,253,1494,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Gautier</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="D96184DDFFE12F40D84296B3FED7FA75" box="[261,379,1494,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Tahinarivony</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="D96184DDFFE12F40D8DF96B3FE4CFA75" box="[408,480,1494,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Bolliger</collectorName>
5635
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40DB5996B3FD83FA75" box="[542,559,1494,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">G</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="24324970FFE12F40DB7D96B3FD07FA75" box="[570,683,1494,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">G00340555</specimenCode>
], 
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40DBFF96B3FD4AFA75" box="[696,742,1494,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">TEF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="C4FCEB56FFE12F40D9219696FD27F9B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3463780301" collectingDate="2011-12-14" collectionCode="G, K, TEF" collectorName="Nusbaumer" country="Madagascar" elevation="221" location="Beanka, Partie N, Ambabaky" municipality="Mahajanga" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" specimenCode="G00341179" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<location id="714BB7D0FFE12F40D9219696FED8F996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FC3D501DFFE02F40D93191CEFD23F9B8:714BB7D0FFE12F40D9219696FED8F996" box="[102,372,1523,1544]" name="Beanka, Partie N, Ambabaky" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Beanka, Partie N, Ambabaky</location>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="11A087CCFFE12F40D83B9696FDF3F996" box="[380,607,1523,1544]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">17°52’29”S 44°29’19”E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="B36C4CEEFFE12F40DB2F9696FD08F996" box="[616,676,1523,1544]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="221.0">
<elevation id="FFB90638FFE12F40DB2F9696FD08F996" box="[616,676,1523,1544]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" unit="m" value="221.0">221 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="002AC7CBFFE12F40DBEA9696FF39F9B8" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" value="2011-12-14">
<collectingDate id="106E3E23FFE12F40DBEA9696FF39F9B8" pageId="5" pageNumber="234" value="2011-12-14">14.XII. 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
, fr., 
<emphasis id="46E03D19FFE12F40D9FB9574FE3CF9B8" box="[188,400,1553,1574]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">
<collectorName id="D96184DDFFE12F40D9FB9574FE8BF9B8" box="[188,295,1553,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">Nusbaumer</collectorName>
&amp; al. 3117
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40D8DB9574FE02F9B8" box="[412,430,1553,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">G</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode id="24324970FFE12F40D8FE9574FD81F9B8" box="[441,557,1553,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">G00341179</specimenCode>
], 
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40DB7C9574FDE2F9B8" box="[571,590,1553,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">K</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="128579CEFFE12F40DB109574FD29F9B8" box="[599,645,1553,1574]" pageId="5" pageNumber="234">TEF</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>