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<mods:title id="5256D7B17B8F8F5FB37E35C0A765F85D">A review of the families and genera of the superfamily PLATYSCELOIDEA Bowman &amp; Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), together with keys to the families, genera and species</mods:title>
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Genus
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<emphasis id="F0B97810187EFFB7FF27FB50FE3CFB34" bold="true" box="[238,437,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
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(
<figureCitation id="5AF6B887187EFFB7FF56FB32FE96FB15" box="[159,287,1230,1255]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 21" captionStart-1="FIGURE 22" captionStartId-0="53.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionStartId-1="54.[151,250,1985,2007]" captionTargetBox-0="[209,1376,225,1914]" captionTargetBox-1="[265,1325,257,1906]" captionTargetId-0="figure@53.[204,1382,193,1916]" captionTargetId-1="figure@54.[239,1336,213,1936]" captionTargetPageId-0="53" captionTargetPageId-1="54" captionText-0="FIGURE 21. Simorhynchotus antennarius (Claus, 1871), male (5.7 mm—A) and female (3.9 mm—B), Coral Sea, SAMA C 3694 &amp; C 3693; female (4.1 mm—A 1) and male (6.2 mm—A 1 &amp; 2, mouthparts), Indian Ocean, off South Africa, SAMA C 5817. A, habitus of male, C 3694; B, head of female, C 3693. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm (A 1 &amp; 2 - m, Md), 0.1 mm (A 1 - f)." captionText-1="FIGURE 22. Simorhynchotus antennarius (Claus, 1871), male (5.7 mm), Coral Sea, SAMA C 3694. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (Mxp), 0.5 mm (remainder)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/166440/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/166441/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Figs 2122</figureCitation>
)
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<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187EFFB7FF5EFAEAFE58FADE" authority="Claus 1871: 156" authorityName="Claus" authorityPageNumber="156" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,465,1302,1324]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187EFFB7FF5EFAEAFEAFFADE" box="[151,294,1302,1324]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Simorhynchus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FEE5FAEAFE58FADE" author="Claus" box="[300,465,1302,1324]" page="156" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1871">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FEE5FAEAFE2BFADE" author="Claus" box="[300,418,1302,1324]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Claus, C. (1871) Untersuchungen uber den Bau und der Verwandtschaft der Hyperiden. Nachrichten von der Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-Augustus-Universitat zu Gottingen, Yahre 1871, 149 - 157." type="journal article" year="1871">Claus 1871</bibRefCitation>
: 156
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FE39FAEAFD02FADE" author="Claus" box="[496,651,1302,1324]" page="32" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1879">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FE39FAEAFDE1FADE" author="Claus" box="[496,616,1302,1324]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus 1879</bibRefCitation>
: 32
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(key), 4243.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FCE6FAEAFB91FADE" author="Gerstaecker" box="[815,1048,1302,1324]" page="486" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1886">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FCE6FAEAFC61FADE" author="Gerstaecker" box="[815,1000,1302,1324]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Gerstaecker, A. (1886) Dr. H. G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs, wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bilt. 5 (2). Gliederfussler; Arthropoda. Leipzig und Heidelberg, 1886, pp. 417 - 512." type="journal article" year="1886">Gerstaecker 1886</bibRefCitation>
: 486
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FBFEFAEAFB59FADE" author="Claus" box="[1079,1232,1302,1324]" page="56" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1887">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FBFEFAEAFB24FADE" author="Claus" box="[1079,1197,1302,1324]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Claus, C. (1887) Die Platysceliden. Alfred Holder, Vienna, 77 pp., plates 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1887">Claus 1887</bibRefCitation>
: 56
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(key), 65.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187EFFB7FF5EFAC9FD92FAB9" authority="Stebbing, 1888: 1572" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityPageNumber="1572" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,539,1333,1355]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187EFFB7FF5EFAC9FEB3FAB9" box="[151,314,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FE88FAC9FD92FAB9" author="Stebbing" box="[321,539,1333,1355]" page="1572" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FE88FAC9FE57FAB9" author="Stebbing" box="[321,478,1333,1355]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 29, i - xxiv &amp; 1 - 1737, plates 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1888">Stebbing, 1888</bibRefCitation>
: 1572
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FDF0FAC9FD74FAB9" author="Bovallius" box="[569,765,1333,1355]" page="46" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1890">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FDF0FAC9FD50FAB9" author="Bovallius" box="[569,729,1333,1355]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Bovallius, C. (1890) The Oxycephalids. Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis, series iii, 14, 1 - 141, plates 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1890">Bovallius 1890</bibRefCitation>
: 46
</treatmentCitation>
(key), 48.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FCB7FAC9FBBDFAB9" author="Spandl" box="[894,1076,1333,1355]" page="178" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1927">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FCB7FAC9FB8AFAB9" author="Spandl" box="[894,1027,1333,1355]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Spandl, H. (1927) Die Hyperiiden (exkl. Hyperiidea Gammaroidea und Phronimidae) der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, Band 19, Zoologie, 11, 145 - 287, plate 10." type="journal article" year="1927">Spandl 1927</bibRefCitation>
: 178
</treatmentCitation>
(key).—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FB45FAC9FABAFAB9" author="Pirlot" box="[1164,1331,1333,1355]" page="161" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1929">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FB45FAC9FA8CFAB9" author="Pirlot" box="[1164,1285,1333,1355]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Pirlot, J. M. (1929) Resultats zoologiques de la croisiere atlantique de'l'Armauer Hansen' (Mai-Juin 1922). 1. Les Amphipodes Hyperides. Memoires de la Societe Royale des Sciences de Liege, serie 3, 15 (2), 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">Pirlot 1929</bibRefCitation>
: 161
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FA9BFAC9FEA4FA98" author="Hurley" page="182" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1955">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FA9BFAC9FF74FA98" author="Hurley" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Hurley, D. E. (1955) Pelagic amphipods of the sub-order Hyperiidea in New Zealand waters. I. Systematics. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 83 (1), 119 - 194." type="journal article" year="1955">Hurley 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 182
</treatmentCitation>
(incl. key).—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FE71FAA8FDCAFA98" author="Yoo" box="[440,579,1364,1386]" page="63" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FE71FAA8FDA9FA98" author="Yoo" box="[440,544,1364,1386]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Yoo, K. I. (1971) Pelagic hyperiids (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) of the western North Pacific Ocean. Journal of the National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea, Natural Science Series, 10, 39 - 89." type="journal article" year="1971">Yoo 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 63
</treatmentCitation>
(key).—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FD55FAA8FC49FA98" author="Bowman" box="[668,960,1364,1386]" page="53" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1973">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FD55FAA8FC16FA98" author="Bowman" box="[668,927,1364,1386]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Bowman, T. E. &amp; Gruner, H. - E. (1973) The families and genera of Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, No. 146, 1 - 64. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.146" type="book chapter" year="1973">Bowman &amp; Gruner 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 53
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FC17FAA8FB03FA98" author="Zeidler" box="[990,1162,1364,1386]" page="30" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FC17FAA8FBEEFA98" author="Zeidler" box="[990,1127,1364,1386]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Zeidler, W. (1978) Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Queensland waters. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, No. 59, 1 - 93. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / AJZS 059" type="book chapter" year="1978">Zeidler 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 30
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(key), 31.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FACEFAA8FEC4FA7A" author="Vinogradov" page="381" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1982">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FACEFAA8FE94FA7A" author="Vinogradov" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Vinogradov, M. E., Volkov, A. F. &amp; Semenova, T. N. (1982) Amfipody-Giperiidy (Amphipoda: Hyperiidea) Mirovogo Okeanea. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Opredeliteli po Faune SSSR No. 132. Leningrad, 492 pp. [In Russian, English translation, 1996, Smithsonian Institution Libraries, Washington D. C., D. Siegel-Causey, Scientific Editor]." type="book" year="1982">
Vinogradov
<emphasis id="F0B97810187EFFB7FA43FAA9FF52FA7A" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">et al</emphasis>
. 1982
</bibRefCitation>
: 381
</treatmentCitation>
(key), 390391.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FDC2FA8EFD07FA7A" author="Nair" box="[523,654,1394,1416]" page="6" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FDC2FA8EFDFEFA7A" author="Nair" box="[523,631,1394,1416]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Nair, K. K. C. (1995) Taxonomic features and identification of Oxycephalidae (Platysceloidea, Physocephalata, Hyperiidea, Amphipoda). Mahasagar, 28 (1 - 2), 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="1995">Nair 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 6
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(key), 8.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FCC9FA8EFC7AFA7A" author="Shih" box="[768,1011,1394,1416]" page="212" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FCC9FA8EFC4AFA7A" author="Shih" box="[768,963,1394,1416]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Shih, C. - T. &amp; Chen, Q. - C. (1995) Zooplankton of China Seas (2) - The Hyperiidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda). China Ocean Press, Beijing, 295 pp." type="book" year="1995">Shih &amp; Chen 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 212
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213187EFFB7FBD9FA8EFA8BFA7A" author="Vinogradov" box="[1040,1282,1394,1416]" page="1194" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" year="1999">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FBD9FA8EFB4EFA7A" author="Vinogradov" box="[1040,1223,1394,1416]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Vinogradov, G. M. (1999) Amphipoda, pp. 1141 - 1240. In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Vol. 2. Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1705 pp." type="book chapter" year="1999">Vinogradov 1999</bibRefCitation>
: 1194
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(key), 1195.
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<emphasis id="F0B97810187EFFB7FF5EFA49FEBEFA3C" bold="true" box="[151,311,1461,1486]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187EFFB7FE8DFA49FC85FA3C" authority="Claus, 1871" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1871" box="[324,780,1461,1486]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennarius">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187EFFB7FE8DFA49FDFDFA3F" box="[324,628,1461,1486]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Simorhynchus antennarius</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FD49FA49FC85FA3C" author="Claus" box="[640,780,1461,1486]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Claus, C. (1871) Untersuchungen uber den Bau und der Verwandtschaft der Hyperiden. Nachrichten von der Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-Augustus-Universitat zu Gottingen, Yahre 1871, 149 - 157." type="journal article" year="1871">Claus, 1871</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy and subsequent designation by
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FAFBFA49FEC4FA00" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 29, i - xxiv &amp; 1 - 1737, plates 1 - 210." type="journal article">Stebbing. Stebbing (1888)</bibRefCitation>
changed the spelling of
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187EFFB7FDAFFA25FC8DFA00" box="[614,772,1497,1522]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187EFFB7FDAFFA25FC8DFA00" box="[614,772,1497,1522]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Simorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it was “preoccupied among birds”. Type material could not be found at the MFN or ZMH and is considered lost. However, the description and figures provided by
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FF5EF9DDFEAAF9C8" author="Claus" box="[151,291,1569,1594]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Claus, C. (1871) Untersuchungen uber den Bau und der Verwandtschaft der Hyperiden. Nachrichten von der Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-Augustus-Universitat zu Gottingen, Yahre 1871, 149 - 157." type="journal article" year="1871">Claus (1871</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FEF8F9DEFEE5F9C8" author="Claus" box="[305,364,1570,1594]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">1879</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187EFFB7FEB0F9DEFE3BF9C8" author="Claus" box="[377,434,1570,1594]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Claus, C. (1887) Die Platysceliden. Alfred Holder, Vienna, 77 pp., plates 1 - 25." type="book chapter" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
) for this species, readily characterise this genus. No specific type locality is given; just “Grosses Ocean” (the Pacific).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AD7F789187EFFB4FF0EF995FC9AFE5E" lastPageId="55" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C272A402187EFFB7FF0EF995FAFEF818" blockId="52.[151,1437,1461,2026]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187EFFB7FF0EF995FEC8F970" bold="true" box="[199,321,1641,1666]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body shape robust or globular. Head rounded with slight rostrum in males. Eyes occupying most of head surface; grouped in one field on each side of head. Antennae 1 of males with 2-articulate peduncle; flagellum with large, crescent-shaped callynophore, with small antero-distal lobe, with aesthetascs arranged in two-field brush medially; with three smaller articles inserted below antero-dorsal corner. Antennae 1 of females with 2- articulate peduncle; callynophore narrowly rectangular, with two smaller articles inserted terminally. Antennae 2 absent in females. Antennae 2 of males 5-articulate; strongly zig-zagged, with most articles folded back on each other; extending anteriorly under head and posteriorly between the gnathopoda and pereopoda to pereonite 7; basal article distinctly inflated, about half or less the length of following article; following three articles of similar length; terminal article very short, not folded, pointing posteriorly. Mandibular incisor relatively broad, with several teeth, with small distal lobe medially; in male orientated more or less parallel to palp. Maxillae 1 &amp; 2 absent. Maxilliped with inner lobes completely fused; medial margin of outer lobes with membranous fringe. Gnathopod 1 simple.
</paragraph>
<caption id="96B2F48A187FFFB6FF5EF887FF57F81F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/166440/files/figure.png" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[209,1376,225,1914]" targetPageId="53">
<paragraph id="C272A402187FFFB6FF5EF887FF57F81F" blockId="53.[151,1436,1915,2029]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187FFFB6FF5EF887FEABF862" bold="true" box="[151,290,1915,1937]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187FFFB6FEE2F887FD60F863" authority="Claus, 1871" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1871" box="[299,745,1915,1937]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="53" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennarius">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187FFFB6FEE2F887FDD9F863" box="[299,592,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">Simorhynchotus antennarius</emphasis>
(Claus, 1871)
</taxonomicName>
, male (5.7 mm—A) and female (3.9 mm—B), Coral Sea, SAMA C3694 &amp; C3693; female (4.1 mm—A1) and male (6.2 mm—A1 &amp; 2, mouthparts), Indian Ocean, off South Africa, SAMA C5817.
<emphasis id="F0B97810187FFFB6FF21F844FF73F83F" bold="true" box="[232,250,1976,1997]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">A</emphasis>
, habitus of male, C3694;
<emphasis id="F0B97810187FFFB6FDCDF845FD9CF83C" bold="true" box="[516,533,1977,1998]" pageId="53" pageNumber="54">B</emphasis>
, head of female, C3693. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (A, B), 0.2 mm (A1 &amp; 2-m, Md), 0.1 mm (A1-f).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="96B2F48A187CFFB5FF5EF83DFE3EF807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/166441/files/figure.png" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" targetBox="[265,1325,257,1906]" targetPageId="54">
<paragraph id="C272A402187CFFB5FF5EF83DFE3EF807" blockId="54.[151,1435,1985,2037]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187CFFB5FF5EF83DFEAAF824" bold="true" box="[151,291,1985,2007]" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187CFFB5FEE5F83DFD63F825" authority="Claus, 1871" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1871" box="[300,746,1985,2007]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="54" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennarius">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187CFFB5FEE5F83DFDD8F825" box="[300,593,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="54" pageNumber="55">Simorhynchotus antennarius</emphasis>
(Claus, 1871)
</taxonomicName>
, male (5.7 mm), Coral Sea, SAMA C3694. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (Mxp), 0.5 mm (remainder).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C272A402187DFFB4FF5EFF6BFE18FE7A" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Gnathopod 2 sub-chelate; carpal process knife-shaped, armed with microscopic teeth or setae. Pereopods 3 &amp; 4 distinctly shorter than pereopods 5 &amp; 6. Pereopod 5; basis about
<date id="B67382C2187DFFB4FCAFFF40FC01FF26" box="[870,904,188,212]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">3 x</date>
as wide as merus, non-locking but may overlap with P6; articles 37 inserted terminally to basis. Pereopod 6; basis wider proximally, about
<date id="B67382C2187DFFB4FB60FF1CFB44FF05" box="[1193,1229,224,248]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">4 x</date>
as wide as merus, not operculate, does not overlap, or lock, with opposing pereopod; articles 37 inserted terminally to basis. Pereopod 7 reduced in size with large basis; all articles present; dactylus normal. Uropod 1 with articulated exopoda and endopoda. Uropods 2 &amp; 3; endopoda fused with peduncle. Rami of all uropoda lanceolate, usually with serrated margins.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A402187DFFB4FF0EFE68FC9AFE5E" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[199,787,404,429]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FF0EFE68FEACFE5F" bold="true" box="[199,293,404,429]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FEE5FE68FC99FE5E" authority="Claus, 1871" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1871" box="[300,784,404,429]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="antennarius">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FEE5FE68FDE4FE5E" box="[300,621,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Simorhynchotus antennarius</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187DFFB4FDB5FE68FC8EFE5E" author="Claus" box="[636,775,404,429]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Claus, C. (1871) Untersuchungen uber den Bau und der Verwandtschaft der Hyperiden. Nachrichten von der Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-Augustus-Universitat zu Gottingen, Yahre 1871, 149 - 157." type="journal article" year="1871">Claus, 1871</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AD7F789187DFFB4FF0EFE4BFE25FDE5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="C272A402187DFFB4FF0EFE4BFE25FDE5" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FF0EFE4BFE3EFE22" bold="true" box="[199,439,439,464]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
Apart from the morphology of the mandibles and the antennae, females are more robust than males, especially in the pereon, as is found in
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FD1EFE21FCAFFE06" box="[727,806,477,500]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" genus="Lycaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FD1EFE21FCAFFE06" box="[727,806,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Lycaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, the head of males is produced into a short, slightly pointed rostrum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AD7F789187DFFB4FF0EFDD8FBF3FCAE" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C272A402187DFFB4FF0EFDD8FAFFFD3F" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FF0EFDD8FEB2FDCF" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,573]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
In the past
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FE74FDD8FDF8FDCF" box="[445,625,548,573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FE74FDD8FDF8FDCF" box="[445,625,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has often been placed in the family
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FBCEFDD8FB26FDCF" box="[1031,1199,548,573]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
based on the slightly pointed head of males. However, the length of the rostrum is no greater than that found in males of the families
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FF5EFD90FE80FD77" box="[151,265,620,645]" class="Malacostraca" family="Pronoidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pronoidae</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FE8DFD90FE7BFD77" box="[324,498,620,645]" class="Malacostraca" family="Brachyscelidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Brachyscelidae</taxonomicName>
, and in general body shape, and especially in the form of gnathopod 2,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FF5EFD73FEC2FD5A" box="[151,331,655,680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FF5EFD73FEC2FD5A" box="[151,331,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles members of the family
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FD14FD73FCDBFD5A" box="[733,850,655,680]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaeidae</taxonomicName>
. The pereopoda, coxae and urosome are also more like Lycaeids than Oxycephalids. Thus, this genus is a link between the families
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FBD7FD48FB19FD3F" box="[1054,1168,692,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Lycaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaeidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FB0FFD48FAFBFD3F" box="[1222,1394,692,717]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A402187DFFB4FF0EFD24FB18FCCA" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Very little is known about the biology of this genus. It has been recorded from the medusae
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FAFBFD24FE40FCE6" authority="Laval 1980" authorityName="Laval" authorityYear="1980" class="Hydrozoa" family="Geryoniidae" genus="Geryonia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="proboscidalis">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FAFBFD24FEA7FCE7" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Geryonia proboscidalis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187DFFB4FEF7FD00FE48FCE6" author="Laval" box="[318,449,764,789]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Laval, P. (1980) Hyperiid amphipods as crustacean parasitoids associated with gelatinous plankton. Oceanography and Marine Biology, Annual Review, 18, 11 - 56." type="journal article" year="1980">Laval 1980</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FDCBFD01FC32FCE6" authority="Gasca et al. 2014" authorityName="Gasca et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[514,955,764,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Geryoniidae" genus="Liriope" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tetraphylla">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FDCBFD01FD51FCE7" box="[514,728,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Liriope tetraphylla</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187DFFB4FD2EFD00FC3AFCE6" author="Gasca" box="[743,947,764,789]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Gasca, R., Hoover, R. &amp; Haddock, S. H. D. (2014) New symbiotic associations of hyperiid amphipods (Peracarida) with gelatinous zooplankton in deep waters off California. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (3), 503 - 511. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531514001416" type="journal article" year="2014">
Gasca
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FCFFFD01FCEEFCE7" box="[822,871,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3187DFFB4FC31FD00FA9FFCE6" author="Lima" box="[1016,1302,764,789]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Lima, M. C. G. &amp; Valentin, J. L. (2001) New records of Amphipoda Hyperiidea in association with gelatinous zooplankton. Hydrobiologia, 448, 229 - 235." type="journal article" year="2001">Lima &amp; Valentine (2001)</bibRefCitation>
record it in the siphonophore
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FE96FCE3FD00FCCA" box="[351,649,799,824]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Diphyidae" genus="Sulculeolaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="quadrivalvis">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FE96FCE3FD00FCCA" box="[351,649,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sulculeolaria quadrivalvis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although this may be an accidental inclusion.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A402187DFFB4FF5EFCB8FBF3FCAE" blockId="55.[151,1437,151,861]" box="[151,1146,836,861]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81187DFFB4FF5EFCB8FEC2FCAF" box="[151,331,836,861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Simorhynchotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810187DFFB4FF5EFCB8FEC2FCAF" box="[151,331,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Simorhynchotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed, with a preference for near-surface, tropical waters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>