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<mods:title id="F53D9984ACD7A8FA7373E0BBC41739C0">A review of the families and genera of the superfamily PLATYSCELOIDEA Bowman &amp; Gruner, 1973 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea), together with keys to the families, genera and species</mods:title>
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Genus
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(
<figureCitation id="5AF6B887180FFFC6FF56FC95FE96FC70" box="[159,287,873,898]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 31" captionStart-1="FIGURE 32" captionStart-2="FIGURE 33" captionStart-3="FIGURE 34" captionStartId-0="70.[151,250,1759,1781]" captionStartId-1="71.[151,250,1642,1664]" captionStartId-2="73.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionStartId-3="74.[151,250,1893,1915]" captionTargetBox-0="[214,1394,216,1673]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,207,1598]" captionTargetBox-2="[237,1339,210,1913]" captionTargetBox-3="[176,1405,219,1846]" captionTargetId-0="figure@70.[151,1436,193,1737]" captionTargetId-1="figure@71.[151,1436,193,1620]" captionTargetId-2="figure@73.[193,1382,195,1951]" captionTargetId-3="figure@74.[151,1436,193,1872]" captionTargetPageId-0="70" captionTargetPageId-1="71" captionTargetPageId-2="73" captionTargetPageId-3="74" captionText-0="FIGURE 31. Oxycephalus piscator Milne-Edwards, 1830. A, habitus of female (27.6 mm), Mediterranean Sea, ZMUC CRU- 455. B, head and pleon of female bulbous form (13.3 mm), North Atlantic, USNM 264130. C, head and pleon of male (29.4 mm), off New Zealand, NHM 1930.8. 1.780. D, pleon of female (8.5 mm), North Atlantic, ZMUC CRU- 453. Scale bars = 2.0 mm (A, C), 1.0 mm (B), 0.5 mm (D, Md-m), 0.1 mm (Md-f, Mxp)." captionText-1="FIGURE 32. Oxycephalus piscator Milne-Edwards, 1830, female (27.6 mm), Mediterranean Sea, ZMUC CRU- 455; male (28.0 mm), South Pacific, ZMUC CRU- 457 (G 1 &amp; 2); male (29.4 mm), off New Zealand, NHM 1930.8. 1.780 (antennae). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (G 1 &amp; 2), 0.2 mm (remainder)." captionText-2="FIGURE 33. Oxycephalus piscator Milne-Edwards, 1830, female (27.6 mm), Mediterranean Sea, ZMUC CRU- 455. Scale bar = 0.5 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 34. Oxycephalus piscator Milne-Edwards, 1830. A, Us of female (27.6 mm), Mediterranean Sea, ZMUC CRU- 455; B, Us of female bulbous form (13.3 mm), North Atlantic USNM 264130; C, Us of male (29.4 mm), off New Zealand, NHM 1930.8. 1.780 (also P 7). Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/166450/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/166451/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/166452/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/166453/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs 3134</figureCitation>
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(key), 396.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213180FFFC6FD0AFC56FC59FC32" author="Guerin-Meneville" box="[707,976,938,960]" page="9" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1836">
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.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213180FFFC6FC27FC56FB77FC32" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[1006,1278,938,960]" page="307" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1838">
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.—
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.—
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: 71
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(key), 99.—
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: 249
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.—
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: 1009
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, 1443.—
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: 342
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FEC5FC14FE0AFC0C" author="Claus" box="[268,387,1000,1022]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Claus, C. (1871) Untersuchungen uber den Bau und der Verwandtschaft der Hyperiden. Nachrichten von der Konigliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften und der Georg-Augustus-Universitat zu Gottingen, Yahre 1871, 149 - 157." type="journal article" year="1871">Claus 1871</bibRefCitation>
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.—
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: 43
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(incl. key).—
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<treatmentCitation id="436C8213180FFFC6FB52FC14FACBFC0C" author="Claus" box="[1179,1346,1000,1022]" page="588" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1880">
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: 588
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<treatmentCitation id="436C8213180FFFC6FAA8FC14FEB9FBEE" author="Claus" page="455" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1884">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FAA8FC14FF74FBEE" author="Claus" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Claus, C. (1884) ' Elementary text - book of Zoology. ' General part and special part; Protozoa to Insecta. ' Translated and edited by Adam Sedgwick, M. A., with the assistance of F. G. Heathcote, B. A. London, 1884." type="book chapter" year="1884">Claus 1884</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FE87FBFAFE43FBEE" author="Carus" box="[334,458,1030,1052]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Carus, J. V. (1885) Prodromus Faunae Mediterraneae sive Descriptio Animalium Maris Mediterranei incolarum quam comparata silva rerum quatenus innotuit adjectis locis et nominibus vulgaribus eorumque auctoribus in commodum Zoologorum congessit Julius Victor Carus. Vol. I. Pars II. Arthropoda. Stuttgart, 1885." type="book chapter" year="1885">Carus 1885</bibRefCitation>
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: 487
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(incl. key).—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213180FFFC6FA89FBFAFEB5FBC9" author="Stebbing" page="1576" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1888">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FA89FBFAFF74FBC9" author="Stebbing" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. (1888) Report on the Amphipoda collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger' during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology, 29, i - xxiv &amp; 1 - 1737, plates 1 - 210." type="journal article" year="1888">Stebbing 1888</bibRefCitation>
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(key), 54.—
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(key), 179.—
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(key).—
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(incl. key).—
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(key), 32.—
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Vinogradov
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(key), 404.—
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(key), 9.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213180FFFC6FD83FB7DFCCCFB65" author="Shih" box="[586,837,1153,1175]" page="190" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1995">
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(key), 190191.—
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(key), 1196.—
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393.
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.—
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: 12
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.—Costa in
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.—
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: 428
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<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FF5EFAC5FF64FABD" box="[151,237,1337,1359]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Natalius</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213180FFFC6FF3AFAC5FE18FABD" author="Costa" box="[243,401,1337,1359]" page="87" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1864">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FF3AFAC5FEE6FABD" author="Costa" box="[243,367,1337,1359]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Costa, A. (1864) Di alcuni Crostacei e di un distomideo parassito degli acalefi. Rendiconto della R. Accademia della Scienze Fisiche e Matamatiche di Napoli. Fascicolo 4." type="book chapter" year="1864">
<collectingRegion id="00096AE0180FFFC6FF3AFAC5FEA6FABD" box="[243,303,1337,1359]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Costa</collectingRegion>
, 1864
</bibRefCitation>
: 87
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="436C8213180FFFC6FE79FAC5FDD5FABD" author="Carus" box="[432,604,1337,1359]" page="427" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" year="1885">
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FE79FAC5FDA0FABD" author="Carus" box="[432,553,1337,1359]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Carus, J. V. (1885) Prodromus Faunae Mediterraneae sive Descriptio Animalium Maris Mediterranei incolarum quam comparata silva rerum quatenus innotuit adjectis locis et nominibus vulgaribus eorumque auctoribus in commodum Zoologorum congessit Julius Victor Carus. Vol. I. Pars II. Arthropoda. Stuttgart, 1885." type="book chapter" year="1885">Carus 1885</bibRefCitation>
: 427
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AD7F789180FFFC4FF5EFA89FBBCF89B" lastPageId="71" lastPageNumber="72" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C272A402180FFFC6FF5EFA89FDF7F9EC" blockId="69.[151,1437,1397,2034]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FF5EFA89FEBBFA7C" bold="true" box="[151,306,1397,1422]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Type species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FEF0FA89FCB2FA7C" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1830" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1830" box="[313,827,1397,1422]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piscatoris">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FEF0FA89FDB6FA7F" box="[313,575,1397,1422]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Oxycephalus piscatoris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FD8FFA89FCB2FA7C" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[582,827,1397,1422]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Milne-Edwards, H. (1830) Extrait de recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des Crustaces Amphipodes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 20, 353 - 399, plates 10 - 11." type="journal article" year="1830">Milne-Edwards, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy. Type material could not be found at the NHM, MNHN or ANSP (which has some types of Milne-Edwards) and is presumed lost. Despite the loss of type material, and the lack of illustrations at the time,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FD3DFA41FC0CFA24" box="[756,901,1469,1494]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FD3DFA41FC0CFA24" box="[756,901,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a readily distinguished genus and is well established in the literature. The type locality is not given by
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FC87FA1DFBD9FA08" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[846,1104,1505,1530]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Milne-Edwards, H. (1830) Extrait de recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des Crustaces Amphipodes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 20, 353 - 399, plates 10 - 11." type="journal article" year="1830">Milne-Edwards (1830)</bibRefCitation>
, but later (1840) he gives the Indian Ocean as the locality for his species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A402180FFFC6FF0EF9D5FBF3F95C" blockId="69.[151,1437,1397,2034]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FF0EF9D5FD8BF9B0" bold="true" box="[199,514,1577,1602]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Type species of synonyms.</emphasis>
The type species of
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FD39F9D6FCACF9B3" box="[752,805,1578,1601]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Orio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FD39F9D6FCACF9B3" box="[752,805,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Orio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FC80F9D6FB31F9B0" authority="Cocco, 1832" authorityName="Cocco" authorityYear="1832" box="[841,1208,1577,1602]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Orio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ornithoramphus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FC80F9D6FBA8F9B0" box="[841,1057,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">O. ornithoramphus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FBE0F9D6FB31F9B0" author="Cocco" box="[1065,1208,1578,1602]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Cocco, A. (1832) Su di alcuni nuovi Crustacei de mari di Messina Lettera del dott. Anastasio Cocco al celebre dott. William Elford Leach uno de conservatori del Museo britannico in Londra. Effemeridi scientifiche e letterarie per la Sicilia, 2 (6), 202 - 209. Giugno, 1832." type="journal article" year="1832">Cocco, 1832</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy.
<materialsCitation id="72A5AE5F180FFFC6FAADF9D6FBF3F95C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1325647104" location="Mediterranean Sea" municipality="Gulf of Naples" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="1D761AA0180FFFC6FAADF9D6FA15F9B0" box="[1380,1436,1578,1602]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Type</typeStatus>
material could not be located in any Italian, or major European museum, and is considered lost. The description and figures of
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FE9DF98EFE7CF978" author="Cocco" box="[340,501,1650,1674]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Cocco, A. (1832) Su di alcuni nuovi Crustacei de mari di Messina Lettera del dott. Anastasio Cocco al celebre dott. William Elford Leach uno de conservatori del Museo britannico in Londra. Effemeridi scientifiche e letterarie per la Sicilia, 2 (6), 202 - 209. Giugno, 1832." type="journal article" year="1832">Cocco (1832)</bibRefCitation>
appear to resemble a male
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FC95F98DFC64F978" box="[860,1005,1649,1674]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FC95F98DFC64F978" box="[860,1005,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but are insufficient for a specific determination. The
<typeStatus id="1D761AA0180FFFC6FEBAF96AFE2AF95C" box="[371,419,1686,1710]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
locality is the
<location id="C712F2D9180FFFC6FD81F969FC94F95C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A641514180FFFCBFF5EFCBAFDA3F89D:C712F2D9180FFFC6FD81F969FC94F95C" box="[584,797,1685,1710]" municipality="Gulf of Naples" name="Mediterranean Sea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mediterranean Sea</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="22163E78180FFFC6FCE0F969FC5BF95C" box="[809,978,1685,1710]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Gulf of Naples</collectingMunicipality>
, near Messina.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A402180FFFC6FF0EF945FCEFF8CC" blockId="69.[151,1437,1397,2034]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
The type species of
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FE71F945FDFAF920" box="[440,627,1721,1746]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Ornithoramphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FE71F945FDFAF920" box="[440,627,1721,1746]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Ornithoramphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FD55F946FC23F920" authority="Natale, 1850" authorityName="Natale" authorityYear="1850" box="[668,938,1721,1746]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Ornithoramphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="coccoi">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FD55F946FC85F923" box="[668,780,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">O. coccoi</emphasis>
Natale, 1850
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy.
<materialsCitation id="72A5AE5F180FFFC6FB96F946FCEFF8CC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1325647106" location="Mediterranean Sea" municipality="Gulf of Naples" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="1D761AA0180FFFC6FB96F946FB1FF920" box="[1119,1174,1722,1746]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Type</typeStatus>
material could not be located in any Italian or major European museum, and is considered lost. The figure by
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FB55F921FACFF904" author="Natale" box="[1180,1350,1757,1782]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Natale, G. De. (1850 a) Su pochi Crostacei del porto di Messina. Lettera del Dottor Giuseppe de Natale socio corrispondente dell' Academia Gioenia di Catania al Sig. Achille Costa con una tavola in rame. Napoli, pp. 1 - 16." type="book chapter" year="1850" yearSuffix="a">Natale (1850a)</bibRefCitation>
clearly resembles a male
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FEAFF8FDFE7EF8E8" box="[358,503,1793,1818]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FEAFF8FDFE7EF8E8" box="[358,503,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but it, and the description, are insufficient for a specific determination. The
<typeStatus id="1D761AA0180FFFC6FAA2F8FEFA15F8E8" box="[1387,1436,1794,1818]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
locality is the
<location id="C712F2D9180FFFC6FEFCF8D9FD83F8CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A641514180FFFCBFF5EFCBAFDA3F89D:C712F2D9180FFFC6FEFCF8D9FD83F8CC" box="[309,522,1829,1854]" municipality="Gulf of Naples" name="Mediterranean Sea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mediterranean Sea</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="22163E78180FFFC6FDDFF8D9FD37F8CC" box="[534,702,1829,1854]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Gulf of Naples</collectingMunicipality>
, near Messina.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A402180FFFC6FF0EF8B5FF75F800" blockId="69.[151,1437,1397,2034]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
The type species of
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FE6FF8B5FDDDF890" box="[422,596,1865,1890]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Erpetoramphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FE6FF8B5FDDDF890" box="[422,596,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Erpetoramphus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FDBCF8B6FCF8F890" authority="Natale, 1850" authorityName="Natale" authorityYear="1850" box="[629,881,1865,1890]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Erpetoramphus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costae">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FDBCF8B6FD55F893" box="[629,732,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">E. costae</emphasis>
Natale, 1850
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy.
<materialsCitation id="72A5AE5F180FFFC6FBD0F8B6FF75F800" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1325647113" location="Mediterranean Sea" municipality="Gulf of Naples" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="1D761AA0180FFFC6FBD0F8B6FBD8F890" box="[1049,1105,1866,1890]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Type</typeStatus>
material could not be located in any Italian, or major European museum, and is considered lost. The description and figure by
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180FFFC6FB02F891FAFDF874" author="Natale" box="[1227,1396,1901,1926]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refString="Natale, G. De. (1850 b) Descrizione zoologica d'una nuova specie di Plojaria e di alcuni Crostacei del porto di Messina con poche considerazioni generali sulla natura delle appendici aculeiformi delle piante e degli animali. Messina, 31 pp, appendix 2 pp., plates 1 - 2." type="book chapter" year="1850" yearSuffix="b">Natale (1850b)</bibRefCitation>
are insufficient for a specific determination, but the species appears to belong to
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180FFFC6FC31F86DFB00F858" box="[1016,1161,1937,1962]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180FFFC6FC31F86DFB00F858" box="[1016,1161,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, despite the fact that the first gnathopoda are illustrated as sub-chelate. The
<typeStatus id="1D761AA0180FFFC6FD2EF84AFC9EF83C" box="[743,791,1974,1998]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">type</typeStatus>
locality is the
<location id="C712F2D9180FFFC6FC01F849FB29F83C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A641514180FFFCBFF5EFCBAFDA3F89D:C712F2D9180FFFC6FC01F849FB29F83C" box="[968,1184,1973,1998]" municipality="Gulf of Naples" name="Mediterranean Sea" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Mediterranean Sea</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="22163E78180FFFC6FB66F849FAD7F83C" box="[1199,1374,1973,1998]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Gulf of Naples</collectingMunicipality>
, near Messina.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption id="96B2F48A180CFFC5FF5EF923FCB6F8A3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/166450/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" targetBox="[214,1394,216,1673]" targetPageId="70">
<paragraph id="C272A402180CFFC5FF5EF923FCB6F8A3" blockId="70.[151,1436,1759,1873]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180CFFC5FF5EF923FEA9F906" bold="true" box="[151,288,1759,1781]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">FIGURE 31.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180CFFC5FEEFF923FD63F907" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1830" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1830" box="[294,746,1759,1781]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piscator">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180CFFC5FEEFF923FD8AF907" box="[294,515,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Oxycephalus piscator</emphasis>
Milne-Edwards, 1830
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="F0B97810180CFFC5FD3DF923FC8FF906" bold="true" box="[756,774,1759,1780]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">A</emphasis>
, habitus of female (27.6 mm), Mediterranean Sea, ZMUC CRU- 455.
<emphasis id="F0B97810180CFFC5FF03F902FF52F8E1" bold="true" box="[202,219,1790,1811]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">B</emphasis>
, head and pleon of female bulbous form (13.3 mm), North Atlantic, USNM 264130.
<emphasis id="F0B97810180CFFC5FB9AF901FBECF8E1" bold="true" box="[1107,1125,1789,1811]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">C</emphasis>
, head and pleon of male (29.4 mm), off New Zealand, NHM 1930.8.1.780.
<emphasis id="F0B97810180CFFC5FDAAF8E0FDFCF8C3" bold="true" box="[611,629,1820,1841]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">D</emphasis>
, pleon of female (8.5 mm), North Atlantic, ZMUC CRU-453. Scale bars = 2.0 mm (A, C), 1.0 mm (B), 0.5 mm (D, Md-m), 0.1 mm (Md-f, Mxp).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="96B2F48A180DFFC4FF5EF996FDE2F94F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/166451/files/figure.png" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" targetBox="[164,1421,207,1598]" targetPageId="71">
<paragraph id="C272A402180DFFC4FF5EF996FDE2F94F" blockId="71.[151,1436,1642,1725]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180DFFC4FF5EF996FEAAF98D" bold="true" box="[151,291,1642,1664]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180DFFC4FEE5F996FD71F972" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1830" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1830" box="[300,760,1642,1664]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piscator">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180DFFC4FEE5F996FD85F972" box="[300,524,1642,1664]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Oxycephalus piscator</emphasis>
Milne-Edwards, 1830
</taxonomicName>
, female (27.6 mm), Mediterranean Sea, ZMUC CRU-455; male (28.0 mm), South Pacific, ZMUC CRU-457 (G1 &amp; 2); male (29.4 mm), off New Zealand, NHM 1930.8.1.780 (antennae). Scale bars = 0.5 mm (G1 &amp; 2), 0.2 mm (remainder).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C272A402180DFFC4FF0EF918FBBCF89B" blockId="71.[151,1436,1764,2005]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<materialsCitation id="72A5AE5F180DFFC4FF0EF918FB86F90F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1325647101" box="[199,1039,1764,1789]" location="Costa" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Costa" typeStatus="holotype">
The
<typeStatus id="1D761AA0180DFFC4FF30F919FEA0F90F" box="[249,297,1765,1789]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180DFFC4FE6FF918FD8CF90F" box="[422,517,1764,1789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Natalius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180DFFC4FE6FF918FD8CF90F" box="[422,517,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Natalius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180DFFC4FDECF91AFCF8F90F" authority="Costa, 1864" authorityName="Costa" authorityYear="1864" box="[549,881,1764,1789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Natalius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="candidissimus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180DFFC4FDECF91AFD6CF90F" box="[549,741,1764,1789]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">N. candidissimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180DFFC4FD25F919FCF8F90F" author="Costa" box="[748,881,1764,1789]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Costa, A. (1864) Di alcuni Crostacei e di un distomideo parassito degli acalefi. Rendiconto della R. Accademia della Scienze Fisiche e Matamatiche di Napoli. Fascicolo 4." type="book chapter" year="1864">
<collectingRegion id="00096AE0180DFFC4FD25F919FCA6F90F" box="[748,815,1765,1789]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Costa</collectingRegion>
, 1864
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by monotypy
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="72A5AE5F180DFFC4FBD0F919FBB8F89B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1325647117" location="Gulf of Naples" municipality="Mediterranean Sea" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Costa" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="1D761AA0180DFFC4FBD0F919FBD9F90F" box="[1049,1104,1765,1789]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Type</typeStatus>
material could not be located in any Italian, or major European museum, and is considered lost. The descriptions of the genus and species by
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F3180DFFC4FF5EF8D1FEA1F8B7" author="Costa" box="[151,296,1836,1861]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" refString="Costa, A. (1864) Di alcuni Crostacei e di un distomideo parassito degli acalefi. Rendiconto della R. Accademia della Scienze Fisiche e Matamatiche di Napoli. Fascicolo 4." type="book chapter" year="1864">
<collectingRegion id="00096AE0180DFFC4FF5EF8D1FF5EF8B7" box="[151,215,1837,1861]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Costa</collectingRegion>
(1864)
</bibRefCitation>
seem to correspond to
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF81180DFFC4FDE3F8D0FD32F8B7" box="[554,699,1836,1861]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180DFFC4FDE3F8D0FD32F8B7" box="[554,699,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the species description does not contain sufficient detail for a specific determination. The
<typeStatus id="1D761AA0180DFFC4FE18F8ADFD88F89B" box="[465,513,1873,1897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">type</typeStatus>
locality is the
<collectingMunicipality id="22163E78180DFFC4FD6FF8ACFCF2F89B" box="[678,891,1872,1897]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Mediterranean Sea</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="C712F2D9180DFFC4FC4EF8ACFBB8F89B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A641514180FFFCBFF5EFCBAFDA3F89D:C712F2D9180DFFC4FC4EF8ACFBB8F89B" box="[903,1073,1872,1897]" municipality="Mediterranean Sea" name="Gulf of Naples" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" stateProvince="Costa">Gulf of Naples</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AD7F789180DFFCBFF0EF888FA15FCE6" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C272A402180DFFCBFF0EF888FBC0FD02" blockId="71.[151,1436,1764,2005]" lastBlockId="72.[151,1437,151,1904]" lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
<emphasis id="F0B97810180DFFC4FF0EF888FEC8F87F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1908,1933]" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Body shape elongate and narrow. Head oval. Rostrum distinctly elongate. Eyes occupying most of head surface, except for neck and rostrum; grouped in one field on each side of head. Antennae 1 of males with 2- articulate peduncle; flagellum with large, elongate, crescent-shaped callynophore, with small antero-distal lobe, with aesthetascs arranged in two-field brush medially; with three smaller articles inserted terminally, below anterodorsal corner. Antennae 1 of females with 2-articulate peduncle; callynophore narrowly rectangular, with two smaller articles inserted terminally. Antennae 2 absent in females. Antennae 2 of males 5-articulate; strongly zigzagged, with most articles folded back on each other; extending anteriorly under head and posteriorly between the gnathopoda to pereonite 1; basal article elongate, sub-equal in length to following article; terminal article very short, not folded, pointing posteriorly. Mandibular palp 3-articulate in males, with extremely long first article. Mandibular incisor relatively broad, with several teeth, with small distal lobe medially; in male orientated more or less parallel to palp. Maxillae 1 &amp; 2 absent. Maxilliped with inner lobes completely fused; medial margin of outer lobes with membranous fringe. Coxae all partly fused with pereonites. Gnathopods 1 &amp; 2 chelate; carpal process knife-shaped, armed with prominent teeth. Pereopods 3 &amp; 4 sub-equal in length to pereopods 5 &amp; 6. Pereopod 5 with very broad basis, more than
<date id="B67382C21802FFCBFDC5FE03FDA7FDE5" box="[524,558,511,536]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">5 x</date>
as wide as following articles, but not operculate, non-locking but may overlap with P6; articles 37 inserted terminally to basis. Pereopod 6 with very broad basis, more than
<date id="B67382C21802FFCBFB3BFDD8FA91FDCE" box="[1266,1304,548,573]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">5 x</date>
as wide as following articles, but not operculate, does not overlap, or lock, with opposing pereopod; articles 37 inserted terminally to basis. Pereopod 7 reduced in size, with basis not particularly enlarged; all articles present; dactylus normal. Uropod 1 with articulated exopoda and endopoda. Uropods 2 &amp; 3; endopod fused with peduncle. Rami of all uropoda lanceolate, usually with serrated margins. Telson fused with double urosomite. Oostegites on pereonites 25. Gills on pereonites 26; some with folds on pereonite 5 or 6 or both.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A4021802FFCBFF0EFD00FA15FCE6" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,1904]" box="[199,1436,764,789]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF0EFD00FEACFCE7" bold="true" box="[199,293,764,789]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Species.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFEE5FD00FC95FCE6" authority="Milne-Edwards, 1830" authorityName="Milne-Edwards" authorityYear="1830" box="[300,796,764,789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piscator">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFEE5FD00FD96FCE6" box="[300,543,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus piscator</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFDECFD00FC95FCE6" author="Milne-Edwards" box="[549,796,764,789]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Milne-Edwards, H. (1830) Extrait de recherches pour servir a l'histoire naturelle des Crustaces Amphipodes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 20, 353 - 399, plates 10 - 11." type="journal article" year="1830">Milne-Edwards, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFCEEFD01FBCAFCE6" authority="Claus, 1879" authorityName="Claus" authorityYear="1879" box="[807,1091,764,789]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latirostris">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFCEEFD01FC3FFCE7" box="[807,950,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">O. latirostris</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFC74FD00FBCAFCE6" author="Claus" box="[957,1091,764,789]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Claus, C. (1879) Die Gattungen und Arten der Platysceliden in Systematischer Ubersicht. Arbeiten aus dem Zoologischen Institut der Universitat zu Wien und der Zoologischen Station Triest, 2, 1 - 52 (147 - 198)." type="journal article" year="1879">Claus, 1879</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFBB1FD01FA11FCE6" authority="Bovallius, 1887" authorityName="Bovallius" authorityYear="1887" box="[1144,1432,764,789]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Agalmatidae" genus="Agalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siphonophorae" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="clausi">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFBB1FD01FB54FCE7" box="[1144,1245,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">O. clausi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFB2DFD00FA11FCE6" author="Bovallius" box="[1252,1432,764,789]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Bovallius, C. (1887) Systematical list of the Amphipoda Hyperiidea. Bihang till Kungliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11 (16), 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1887">Bovallius, 1887</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AD7F7891802FFCBFF0EFCE3FE3FFC1F" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
<paragraph id="C272A4021802FFCBFF0EFCE3FE3FFC1F" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF0EFCE3FE3FFCCA" bold="true" box="[199,438,799,824]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
The sexes are very similar in appearance, and apart from the morphology of the antennae and mouthparts, are distinguished as follows. Females have a relatively smaller head and rostrum, and the head is slightly more bulbous around the eyes. In mature males the head is characteristically indented on the dorsal surface, above the eyes, with a slight keel anteriorly. The carpus of gnathopod 2 is relatively more slender in females. The basis of pereopod 7 is distinctly more narrowed distally in females, and sometimes the propodus can be relatively longer in mature females.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AD7F7891802FFCBFF0EFC0BFDA3F89D" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C272A4021802FFCBFF0EFC0BFC2FFBC7" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF0EFC0BFEB2FBE2" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1040]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Remarks.</emphasis>
This genus is distinguished from all others in the family by a combination of characters, mainly the morphology of the head, gnathopoda, double urosomite, and uropoda.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A4021802FFCBFF0EFBC3FC89FAA6" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFF0EFBC3FED1FBAA" box="[199,344,1087,1112]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF0EFBC3FED1FBAA" box="[199,344,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
does not closely resemble any other genus of
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFC96FBC3FB82FBAA" box="[863,1035,1087,1112]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
. The shape of the cephalon vaguely resembles
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFEC7FB98FE30FB8F" box="[270,441,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Cranocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFEC7FB98FE30FB8F" box="[270,441,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Cranocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFE0EFB99FDB5FB8E" box="[455,572,1125,1148]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Leptocotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFE0EFB99FDB5FB8E" box="[455,572,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Leptocotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFDBAFB99FD5AFB8E" box="[627,723,1125,1148]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Streetsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFDBAFB99FD5AFB8E" box="[627,723,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Streetsia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFD28FB98FCFBFB8F" box="[737,882,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFD28FB98FCFBFB8F" box="[737,882,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resembles
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFBEDFB98FB6AFB8F" box="[1060,1251,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Calamorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFBEDFB98FB6AFB8F" box="[1060,1251,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Calamorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFB38FB98FA15FB8F" box="[1265,1436,1124,1149]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Cranocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFB38FB98FA15FB8F" box="[1265,1436,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Cranocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFF01FB7BFED3FB52" box="[200,346,1159,1184]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Rhabdosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF01FB7BFED3FB52" box="[200,346,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Rhabdosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that the coxae are fused with the pereonites, and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFC66FB7BFBC8FB52" box="[943,1089,1159,1184]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Rhabdosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFC66FB7BFBC8FB52" box="[943,1089,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Rhabdosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having uropods 2 &amp; 3 with endopods fused with the peduncle. The chelate gnathopoda of
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFC7DFB50FBCCFB37" box="[948,1093,1196,1221]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFC7DFB50FBCCFB37" box="[948,1093,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very distinctive. Other oxycephalids that have both gnathopoda chelate, although different from
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFBDEFB33FB21FB1A" box="[1047,1192,1231,1256]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFBDEFB33FB21FB1A" box="[1047,1192,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in morphology, are
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFF5EFB08FEDFFAFF" box="[151,342,1268,1293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Calamorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF5EFB08FEDFFAFF" box="[151,342,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Calamorhynchus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFEAEFB08FD91FAFF" box="[359,536,1268,1293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Glossocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFEAEFB08FD91FAFF" box="[359,536,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Glossocephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFDE3FB09FD16FAFE" box="[554,671,1269,1292]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Leptocotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFDE3FB09FD16FAFE" box="[554,671,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Leptocotis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFD2DFB08FCFFFAFF" box="[740,886,1268,1293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Rhabdosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFD2DFB08FCFFFAFF" box="[740,886,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Rhabdosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFC1BFB08FBEAFAFF" box="[978,1123,1268,1293]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFC1BFB08FBEAFAFF" box="[978,1123,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has characters in common with all other genera of
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFE7BFAEBFDD4FAC2" box="[434,605,1303,1328]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Oxycephalidae</taxonomicName>
, except perhaps for
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFC83FAEBFC5BFAC2" box="[842,978,1303,1328]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Tullbergella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFC83FAEBFC5BFAC2" box="[842,978,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Tullbergella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although in that genus the endopod of uropod 3 is fused with the peduncle as in
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFDA0FAC0FD70FAA7" box="[617,761,1340,1365]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFDA0FAC0FD70FAA7" box="[617,761,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A4021802FFCBFF0EFAA3FE55F8D5" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
Species of
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFE80FAA3FE53FA8A" box="[329,474,1375,1400]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFE80FAA3FE53FA8A" box="[329,474,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are a common component of plankton collections.
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFBFEFA9CFB4BFA8A" author="Fage" box="[1079,1218,1375,1400]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Fage, L. (1960) Oxycephalidae, amphipods pelagiques. Dana Reports, 52, 1 - 135." type="journal article" year="1960">Fage (1960)</bibRefCitation>
provides the most comprehensive biogeographical information available for this genus. Species of the genus seem to be preferentially associated with ctenophores, but have also been recorded with medusae and even heteropods.
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFAC2FA5BFF7AFA16" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piscator">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFAC2FA5BFF7AFA16" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus piscator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded with medusae (
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFD48FA30FC8FFA17" author="Carus" box="[641,774,1484,1509]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Carus, J. V. (1885) Prodromus Faunae Mediterraneae sive Descriptio Animalium Maris Mediterranei incolarum quam comparata silva rerum quatenus innotuit adjectis locis et nominibus vulgaribus eorumque auctoribus in commodum Zoologorum congessit Julius Victor Carus. Vol. I. Pars II. Arthropoda. Stuttgart, 1885." type="book chapter" year="1885">Carus 1885</bibRefCitation>
) and the ctenophores
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFBCCFA30FA15FA16" authority="Chun 1889" authorityName="Chun" authorityYear="1889" box="[1029,1436,1484,1509]" class="Tentaculata" family="Leucotheidae" genus="Leucothea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="multicornis">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFBCCFA30FA8AFA17" box="[1029,1283,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Leucothea multicornis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFADAFA30FA1DFA16" author="Chun" box="[1299,1428,1484,1509]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Chun, C. (1889) Bericht uber eine nach den Canarischen Inseln in Winter 1887 / 88 ausgefuhrte Reise. II. Abteilung. Beobachtungen uber die pelagische Tiefen und Oberflachenfauna des ostlichen atlantischen Oceans. Sitzungsberichte der Konigliche Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 45, 519 - 553, plate 3." type="journal article" year="1889">Chun 1889</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFF0EFA0DFD48F9FA" authority="Harbison et al. 1978" authorityName="Harbison et al." authorityYear="1978" box="[199,705,1519,1544]" class="Tentaculata" family="Bolinopsidae" genus="Mnemiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mccradyi">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF0EFA0DFE37F9FA" box="[199,446,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Mnemiopsis mccradyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFE04FA13FD30F9FA" author="Harbison" box="[461,697,1519,1544]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Harbison, G. R., Madin, L. P. &amp; Swanberg, N. R. (1978) On the natural history and distribution of oceanic ctenophores. Deep-Sea Research, 25, 233 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0146 - 6291 (78) 90590 - 8" type="journal article" year="1978">
Harbison
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFDF4FA0DFDE6F9FA" box="[573,623,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al</emphasis>
. 1978
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFD04FA13FC5BF9FA" box="[717,978,1519,1544]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latirostris">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFD04FA13FC5BF9FA" box="[717,978,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus latirostris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded from the ctenophores
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFF5EF9E9FECAF9DE" box="[151,323,1557,1580]" class="Tentaculata" family="Cestidae" genus="Cestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cestida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="veneris">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF5EF9E9FECAF9DE" box="[151,323,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Cestum veneris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFEB0F9E8FC11F9DE" authority="Harbison et al. 1978" authorityName="Harbison et al." authorityYear="1978" box="[377,920,1556,1581]" class="Tentaculata" family="Eurhamphaeidae" genus="Eurhamphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="vexilligera">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFEB0F9E8FD1EF9DF" box="[377,663,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Eurhamphaea vexilligera</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFD6CF9E8FC19F9DE" author="Harbison" box="[677,912,1556,1581]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Harbison, G. R., Madin, L. P. &amp; Swanberg, N. R. (1978) On the natural history and distribution of oceanic ctenophores. Deep-Sea Research, 25, 233 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0146 - 6291 (78) 90590 - 8" type="journal article" year="1978">
Harbison
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFCDDF9E9FCCFF9DF" box="[788,838,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al</emphasis>
. 1978
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFC6AF9E8FBF7F9DF" box="[931,1150,1556,1581]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clausi">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFC6AF9E8FBF7F9DF" box="[931,1150,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus clausi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded with a variety of gelatinous plankton, including medusae, colonial radiolarians (
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFC27F9CBFB6CF9A2" author="Harbison" box="[1006,1253,1591,1616]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Harbison, G. R., Madin, L. P. &amp; Swanberg, N. R. (1978) On the natural history and distribution of oceanic ctenophores. Deep-Sea Research, 25, 233 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0146 - 6291 (78) 90590 - 8" type="journal article" year="1978">
Harbison
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFBABF9C5FB1EF9A2" box="[1122,1175,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al</emphasis>
. 1978
</bibRefCitation>
), the heteropod
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFF5EF9A0FD41F986" authority="Harbison et al. 1977" authorityName="Harbison et al." authorityYear="1977" box="[151,712,1628,1653]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pterotracheidae" genus="Pterotrachea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hippocampus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF5EF9A0FE4FF987" box="[151,454,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Pterotrachea hippocampus</emphasis>
(Harbison
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFD8CF9A1FDFFF987" box="[581,630,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al</emphasis>
. 1977)
</taxonomicName>
, the salps
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFCF7F9A1FC4EF986" box="[830,967,1629,1652]" class="Thaliacea" family="Salpidae" genus="Pegea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salpida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="socia">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFCF7F9A1FC4EF986" box="[830,967,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Pegea socia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFC37F9A0FF53F96A" authority="Madin &amp; Harbison 1977" authorityName="Madin &amp; Harbison" authorityYear="1977" class="Thaliacea" family="Salpidae" genus="Salpa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Salpida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFC37F9A0FB3EF987" box="[1022,1207,1628,1653]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Salpa cylindrica</emphasis>
(Madin &amp; Harbison 1977)
</taxonomicName>
, but most frequently on ctenophores as follows;
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFCC0F97CFC62F96A" box="[777,1003,1663,1688]" class="Tentaculata" family="Ocyropsidae" genus="Ocyropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFCC0F97CFC62F96A" box="[777,1003,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ocyropsis maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Harbison
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFBA5F97DFB17F96A" box="[1132,1182,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al</emphasis>
. 1977, 1978),
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFA81F97CFF61F94E" class="Tentaculata" family="Cestidae" genus="Cestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cestida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="veneris">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFA81F97CFF61F94E" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Cestum veneris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFF3FF958FD9AF94F" box="[246,531,1700,1725]" class="Tentaculata" family="Eurhamphaeidae" genus="Eurhamphaea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="vexilligera">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF3FF958FD9AF94F" box="[246,531,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Eurhamphaea vexilligera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFDE8F959FC9EF94F" box="[545,791,1700,1725]" class="Tentaculata" family="Bolinopsidae" genus="Mnemiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="mccradyi">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFDE8F959FC9EF94F" box="[545,791,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Mnemiopsis mccradyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFCEFF959FB9CF94F" box="[806,1045,1700,1725]" class="Tentaculata" family="Ocyropsidae" genus="Ocyropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="crystallina">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFCEFF959FB9CF94F" box="[806,1045,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ocyropsis crystallina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFBEAF959FB24F94F" box="[1059,1197,1700,1725]" class="Tentaculata" family="Ocyropsidae" genus="Ocyropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="maculata">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFBEAF959FB24F94F" box="[1059,1197,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">O. maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFB75F959FB77F94E" box="[1212,1278,1701,1724]" class="Nuda" family="Beroidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Beroida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFB75F959FB77F94E" box="[1212,1278,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Beroe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFAFAF958FE9EF912" author="Harbison" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Harbison, G. R., Madin, L. P. &amp; Swanberg, N. R. (1978) On the natural history and distribution of oceanic ctenophores. Deep-Sea Research, 25, 233 - 256. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0146 - 6291 (78) 90590 - 8" type="journal article" year="1978">
Harbison
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF5EF935FF43F912" box="[151,202,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al</emphasis>
. 1978
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFEE7F934FD0AF912" box="[302,643,1735,1760]" class="Tentaculata" family="Ocyropsidae" genus="Ocyropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="subSpecies" species="maculata" subSpecies="maculata">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFEE7F934FD0AF912" box="[302,643,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ocyropsis maculata maculata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFD5DF934FCEBF912" box="[660,866,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">O. m. immaculata</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFC56F934FAA3F912" authority="Zeidler 1999" authorityName="Zeidler" authorityYear="1999" box="[927,1322,1735,1760]" class="Tentaculata" family="Ocyropsidae" genus="Ocyropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="subSpecies" species="crystata" subSpecies="guttata">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFC56F934FBFEF912" box="[927,1143,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">O. crystata guttata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFB40F93BFAA8F912" author="Zeidler" box="[1161,1313,1735,1760]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Zeidler, W. (1999) Review of the hyperiidean amphipod genus Oxycephalus Milne-Edwards (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Oxycephalidae). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 13, 391 - 424. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1071 / IT 96012" type="journal article" year="1999">Zeidler 1999</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFAF1F934FED8F8F6" author="Gasca" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Gasca, R. &amp; Haddock, S. H. D. (2004) Associations between gelatinous zooplankton and hyperiid amphipods (Crustacea: Peracarida) in the Gulf of California. Hydrobiologia, 530 / 531, 529 - 535. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10750 - 004 - 2657 - 5" type="journal article" year="2004">Gasca &amp; Haddock (2004)</bibRefCitation>
also recorded it from
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFD91F911FC45F8F7" box="[600,972,1772,1797]" class="Tentaculata" family="Ocyropsidae" genus="Ocyropsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lobata" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="subSpecies" species="crystallina" subSpecies="crystallina">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFD91F911FC45F8F7" box="[600,972,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Ocyropsis crystallina crystallina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<bibRefCitation id="A65CD9F31802FFCBFBC1F910FB6FF8F6" box="[1032,1254,1772,1797]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" refString="Gasca, R., Hoover, R. &amp; Haddock, S. H. D. (2014) New symbiotic associations of hyperiid amphipods (Peracarida) with gelatinous zooplankton in deep waters off California. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (3), 503 - 511. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 002531514001416" type="journal article">
Gasca
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFB9FF911FB1BF8F7" box="[1110,1170,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
provide further records with
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFEE0F8ECFE5CF8DA" box="[297,469,1808,1832]" class="Tentaculata" family="Cestidae" genus="Cestum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cestida" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="veneris">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFEE0F8ECFE5CF8DA" box="[297,469,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Cestum veneris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C272A4021802FFCBFF0EF8C8FDA3F89D" blockId="72.[151,1437,151,1904]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
<taxonomicName id="05CDDF811802FFCBFF0EF8C8FED1F8BF" box="[199,344,1844,1869]" class="Malacostraca" family="Oxycephalidae" genus="Oxycephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amphipoda" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0B978101802FFCBFF0EF8C8FED1F8BF" box="[199,344,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Oxycephalus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a tropical genus although it sometimes occurs in temperate regions. It occurs worldwide and seems to prefer near-surface waters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>