450 lines
71 KiB
XML
450 lines
71 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="8E92DDD2B10F4D3DCB0764CE8E283C4A">New species, redescriptions and new records of deep-sea brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the South China Sea, an integrated morphological and molecular approach</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="87B32FDEBBAEB36939762B0860494BA2">Nethupul, Hasitha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7D5772E01B29D74ECEA0AB347CD5E2F0">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4845FF55B3133416EB6DF3F793AD3BA5" type="email">Nethupul@idsse.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="707DBF336770DD4313C2D0752AA92594">Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, 57200 Sanya, China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Zoology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="487387A89B29FFA3698A299853FBC5C8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6471119" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194680447" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6471119" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:487387A89B29FFA3698A299853FBC5C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/487387A89B29FFA3698A299853FBC5C8" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B29FFAF698A299853F4C4EB" ID-CoL="5P76M" authority="Mortensen, 1924" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1924" box="[430,1158,927,954]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="chilensis" subSpecies="novaezelandiae">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B29FFAF698A299854CAC4EB" bold="true" box="[430,952,927,954]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B29FFAF6B9B29A753F4C4EB" author="Mortensen T." box="[959,1158,928,954]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="91 - 177" refId="ref39449" refString="Mortensen T. 1924. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. II. Ophiuroidea. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening 77: 91 - 177." type="journal article" year="1924">Mortensen, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="88C065359B29FFAF6AFB29C45426C48C" box="[735,852,963,989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B29FFAF6AFB29C45426C48C" blockId="20.[430,1158,927,989]" box="[735,852,963,989]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B29FFAF6AFB29C45426C48C" box="[735,852,963,989]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionStartId-1="22.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1394,265,1627]" captionTargetId-0="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId-1="figure-174@22.[189,1395,264,1627]" captionTargetPageId-0="21" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionText-0="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." captionText-1="Fig. 10. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924, SEM (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Plan view of the baseplate. B. Distal view of the baseplate. C. Arm spine on proximal lateral plate. D. Pedicellaria on the pedicellarial band. E–I. Vertebrae. E. Proximal view. F. Distal view. G. Ventral view. H. Dorsal view. I. Lateral view. Abbreviations: ap = articular pad of the base; au = auricle; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; fo = foramen of the base; fs = fossa between adjacent tubercles; hd = head of the apophysis; lp = lateral pores of the blade; pd = pedicel of the apophysis; Prox = proximal; pt = primary tooth of the blade; sh = sheath of the baseplate; st = secondary inner tooth; su = sulcus of tubercle head; V = ventral. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm; D = 20 µm; E, G–I = 300 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419551" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6419551/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 9–10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B29FFAF68992E0B53C4C377" blockId="20.[189,1206,1036,1063]" box="[189,1206,1036,1063]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<treatmentCitation id="417B10AF9B29FFAF68992E0B5340C377" author="Mortensen T." box="[189,1074,1036,1063]" page="110" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1924">
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<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B29FFAF68992E0B5340C377" ID-CoL="5P76M" authority="Mortensen, 1924: 109 - 110" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="109 - 110" authorityYear="1924" box="[189,1074,1036,1063]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="variety" species="chilensis" variety="novaezelandiae">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B29FFAF68992E0B568EC377" box="[189,508,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gorgonocephalus chilensis</emphasis>
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var.
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B29FFAF6A122E0B559EC377" box="[566,748,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">novaezelandiae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B29FFAF6AD02E0A5340C377" author="Mortensen T." box="[756,1074,1036,1063]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="91 - 177" refId="ref39449" refString="Mortensen T. 1924. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. II. Ophiuroidea. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening 77: 91 - 177." type="journal article" year="1924">Mortensen, 1924: 109–110</bibRefCitation>
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, pl. 4 fig 1.
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B29FFAF68992E52557AC3C2" blockId="20.[189,1399,1109,1171]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B29FFAF68992E52568FC33E" ID-CoL="3H37S" authorityName="Stohr et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[189,509,1109,1135]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B29FFAF68992E52568FC33E" box="[189,509,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Gorgonocephalus chilensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="417B10AF9B29FFAF6A382E525470C321" author="Baker A. N." box="[540,770,1109,1136]" page="51" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1980">
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<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B29FFAF6A382E525470C321" author="Baker A. N." box="[540,770,1109,1136]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="11 - 83" refId="ref36367" refString="Baker A. N. 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the South-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7 (1): 11 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1980.10423763" type="journal article" year="1980">Baker 1980: 51–52</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. —
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<treatmentCitation id="417B10AF9B29FFAF6B102E52533FC321" author="McKnight D. G." box="[820,1101,1109,1136]" page="45" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="2000">
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<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B29FFAF6B102E52533FC321" author="McKnight D. G." box="[820,1101,1109,1136]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref39415" refString="McKnight D. G. 2000. The marine fauna of New Zealand: basket-stars and snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 115: 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="2000">McKnight 2000: 45–46</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 19. [non
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<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B29FFAF6CCF2E525573C3C2" ID-CoL="3H37S" authority="chilensis Philippi, 1858" authorityName="chilensis Philippi" authorityYear="1858" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="chilensis" subSpecies="chilensis">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B29FFAF6CCF2E525272C33E" box="[1259,1280,1109,1135]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">G</emphasis>
|
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.
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B29FFAF6D342E525623C3C3" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">chilensis chilensis</emphasis>
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Philippi, 1858
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</taxonomicName>
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]
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B29FFAF68992ECF56D8C3B3" blockId="20.[189,426,1224,1250]" box="[189,426,1224,1250]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B29FFAF68992ECF56D8C3B3" bold="true" box="[189,426,1224,1250]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C06536BE9B29FFAF68992EF0544FC209" blockId="20.[189,1399,1270,1368]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<materialsCitation id="70B23CE39B29FFAF68992EF0544AC209" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753631329" accessionNumber="MZ198761" collectingDate="2020-09-25" collectionCode="MZ, IDSSE" collectorName="Shenhaiyongshi & GenBank" country="China" elevation="1550" latitude="13.978" location="South China Sea" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="114.868164" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" specimenCode="EEB-SW0007" specimenCount="1">
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<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B29FFAF68992EF0566AC240" box="[189,280,1271,1297]" name="China" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">CHINA</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount id="D6DCFD379B29FFAF69112EF056FEC243" box="[309,396,1271,1298]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="generic">1 spec.</specimenCount>
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;
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<location id="C50560659B29FFAF69BE2EF05516C240" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:487387A89B29FFA3698A299853FBC5C8:C50560659B29FFAF69BE2EF05516C240" box="[410,612,1271,1297]" country="China" latitude="13.978" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="114.868164" name="South China Sea" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">South China Sea</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="D1D72F9C9B29FFAF6A562EF054E0C240" box="[626,914,1271,1297]" location="Zhongsha Islands" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">SE of Zhongsha Islands</locationDeviation>
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, seamount;
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,
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; depth
|
||
<quantity id="07229B5B9B29FFAF69212F1D5613C264" box="[261,353,1306,1333]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1550.0">
|
||
<elevation id="4BF7D18D9B29FFAF69212F1D5613C264" box="[261,353,1306,1333]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1550.0">1550 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="B464107E9B29FFAF69492F1D5578C264" box="[365,522,1306,1333]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2020-09-25">
|
||
<collectingDate id="A420E9969B29FFAF69492F1D5578C264" box="[365,522,1306,1333]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2020-09-25">25 Sep. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; collection event: stn SC013; MSV
|
||
<collectorName id="6D2F53689B29FFAF6B892F1D531AC265" box="[941,1128,1306,1332]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Shenhaiyongshi</collectorName>
|
||
leg.; preserved in 95% ethanol;
|
||
<collectorName id="6D2F53689B29FFAF69062F3956E7C209" box="[290,405,1342,1368]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">GenBank</collectorName>
|
||
:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="DF89AB5D9B29FFAF69852F39555BC209" box="[417,553,1342,1368]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/MZ198761" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B29FFAF69852F3956A2C209" box="[417,464,1342,1368]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MZ</collectionCode>
|
||
198761
|
||
</accessionNumber>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B29FFAF6A102F3955F7C209" box="[564,645,1342,1368]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">IDSSE</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="907C9EC59B29FFAF6AA92F39544AC209" box="[653,824,1342,1368]" collectionCode="EEB-SW" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">EEB-SW0007</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B29FFAF68992F895518C2F9" blockId="20.[189,618,1422,1448]" box="[189,618,1422,1448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B29FFAF68992F89563CC2F9" bold="true" box="[189,334,1422,1448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B29FFAF69792F895555C2F9" box="[349,551,1422,1448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">IDSSE EEB-SW</collectionCode>
|
||
0007)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B29FFAF68992FBA55EDC286" blockId="20.[189,671,1469,1496]" box="[189,671,1469,1496]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
MEASUREMENTS. Disc diameter
|
||
<quantity id="07229B5B9B29FFAF6A0A2FBA55E8C286" box="[558,666,1469,1496]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="15.5">15.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B29FFAF68992C0A5367C010" blockId="20.[188,1401,1549,1857]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
DiSC. Dorsal disc slightly inflated, interradials slightly indented. Radial shields elongated and narrow, extending nearly toward center of disc but not meeting in center, tapering at distal ends, densely covered by large, tall conical granules. Skin between radial shields also covered by conical granules, but less dense and smaller than on radial shields, but disc center covered with compacted conical granules. Disc periphery covered with few larger conical granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B29FFAF6B422C9D5494C1E5" box="[870,998,1690,1716]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral disc covered with small, scattered, low granules, extending onto oral area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B29FFAF6B202CBA542CC186" box="[772,862,1725,1751]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Genital slits conspicuous, interradial margin covered by two irregular rows of larger, higher than wide granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B29FFAF6BFA2CE7534FC1AA" box="[990,1085,1760,1787]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Single madreporite. Oral area covered by smooth skin, partly exposing adoral shield outlines and few scattered smaller granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B29FFAF68E22D205653C010" box="[198,289,1831,1857]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Adoral shields short, square. Oral papillae spiniform (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B29FFAF6B882D20537AC010" box="[940,1032,1831,1857]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B29FFAC68992D7F55E5C548" blockId="20.[189,1399,1911,2008]" lastBlockId="23.[189,1401,265,537]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B29FFAF68992D7F5671C0C3" box="[189,259,1912,1938]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">ARMS</collectionCode>
|
||
. Branched at least six to seven times, flexible dorso-ventrally, flat ventrally, high rounded dorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B29FFAF68E22D9C5654C0E4" box="[198,294,1947,1973]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral arm along first branch and near base covered by smooth skin, distalwards scattered with smaller granules (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B29FFAF69EB2DB95542C089" box="[463,560,1982,2008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 9G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal arm surface covered by domed scales, on proximal segments with naked scales and naked areas corresponding to pedicellarial bands. Dorsal arm surface densely covered by compact granules after second arm fork. Pedicellarial bands start at second arm fork with three to four isolated clumps on each side of arm and becoming continuous across arm. From sixth arm fork, raised pedicellarial bands give an annulated appearance to arm (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC6BD42B75533AC6DC" box="[1008,1096,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig 9H</figureCitation>
|
||
). First arm segment lacks spines, next three with two arm spines, next nine to ten with three arm spines and thereafter four arm spines per segment, decreasing to three after fifth branch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC6BA62BBE536BC682" box="[898,1049,441,467]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9G, I–J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral arm spines smaller, slightly flattened, unevenly pointed, distally turning into multi-toothed hooks (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC6C742BDB53B7C6A7" box="[1104,1221,476,502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9J–L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedicellariae with small secondary tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC6A2E2BF855F8C548" box="[522,650,511,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9K–L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="94A566369B28FFAE68992D0A55F7C089" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" targetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B28FFAE68992D0A55F7C089" blockId="21.[187,1399,1805,2008]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE68992D0A567FC076" bold="true" box="[189,269,1805,1831]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B28FFAE69322D0A5498C076" authority="Mortensen, 1924" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1924" box="[278,1002,1805,1832]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="chilensis" subSpecies="novaezelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE69322D0A5465C076" box="[278,791,1805,1831]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B28FFAE6B052D095498C076" author="Mortensen T." box="[801,1002,1805,1832]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="91 - 177" refId="ref39449" refString="Mortensen T. 1924. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. II. Ophiuroidea. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening 77: 91 - 177." type="journal article" year="1924">Mortensen, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(IDSSE EEB-SW0005).
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE6D392D0A5242C076" bold="true" box="[1309,1328,1805,1831]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Live specimen.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE691C2D37563EC01B" bold="true" box="[312,332,1840,1866]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE69C12D375688C01B" bold="true" box="[485,506,1840,1866]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE6AB82D3755C3C01B" bold="true" box="[668,689,1840,1866]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE6B762D375414C01B" bold="true" box="[850,870,1840,1866]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral frame.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE6BD82D37537CC01B" bold="true" box="[1020,1038,1840,1866]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view of disc periphery.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE689F2D5457A0C03C" bold="true" box="[187,210,1875,1901]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view of first branch of an arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE6A902D5355B9C03F" bold="true" box="[692,715,1876,1902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE6C812D5353C2C03F" bold="true" box="[1189,1200,1876,1902]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view of arm base.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B28FFAE69162D705611C0C0" bold="true" box="[306,355,1911,1937]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">J–L</emphasis>
|
||
. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="94A566369B2BFFAD68992C6853E0C0D1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419551" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6419551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419551/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[189,232,1647,1673]" targetBox="[189,1394,265,1627]" targetPageId="22">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B2BFFAD68992C6853E0C0D1" blockId="22.[187,1399,1647,1920]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD68992C68566FC1D8" bold="true" box="[189,285,1647,1673]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2BFFAD69032C685373C1D8" authority="Mortensen, 1924" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1924" box="[295,1025,1647,1674]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="chilensis" subSpecies="novaezelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD69032C685458C1D8" box="[295,810,1647,1673]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2BFFAD6B112C775373C1D8" author="Mortensen T." box="[821,1025,1647,1674]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="91 - 177" refId="ref39449" refString="Mortensen T. 1924. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. II. Ophiuroidea. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening 77: 91 - 177." type="journal article" year="1924">Mortensen, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, SEM (IDSSE EEB-SW0005).
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD68992C9557A0C1FD" bold="true" box="[189,210,1682,1708]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Plan view of the baseplate.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD6A0E2C95554FC1FD" bold="true" box="[554,573,1682,1708]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal view of the baseplate.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD6B822C9554C8C1FD" bold="true" box="[934,954,1682,1708]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Arm spine on proximal lateral plate.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD68992CB157A0C181" bold="true" box="[189,210,1718,1744]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Pedicellaria on the pedicellarial band.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD6A8E2CB155A5C181" bold="true" box="[682,727,1718,1744]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E–I</emphasis>
|
||
. Vertebrae.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD6B432CB15408C181" bold="true" box="[871,890,1718,1744]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Proximal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD6C622CB15325C181" bold="true" box="[1094,1111,1718,1744]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD6CD92CB25261C19E" bold="true" box="[1277,1299,1717,1743]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">G</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD69232CDE566CC1A2" bold="true" box="[263,286,1753,1779]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">H</emphasis>
|
||
. Dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2BFFAD69F22CDE5693C1A2" bold="true" box="[470,481,1753,1779]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">I</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view. Abbreviations: ap = articular pad of the base; au = auricle; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; fo = foramen of the base; fs = fossa between adjacent tubercles; hd = head of the apophysis; lp = lateral pores of the blade; pd = pedicel of the apophysis; Prox = proximal; pt = primary tooth of the blade; sh = sheath of the baseplate; st = secondary inner tooth; su = sulcus of tubercle head; V = ventral. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm; D = 20 µm; E, G–I = 300 µm; F = 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B2AFFAC689928575626C5DC" blockId="23.[189,1398,592,653]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<collectionCode id="A6CBAE7B9B2AFFAC689928575661C53B" box="[189,275,592,618]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">COLOR</collectionCode>
|
||
. Creamy white in alcohol specimen, with light brown disc and darker arms when alive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC68E22874563AC5DC" box="[198,328,627,653]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="21.[189,232,1805,1831]" captionTargetBox="[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetId="figure-128@21.[189,1396,265,1786]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Fig. 9. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924 (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Live specimen.B. Dorsal disc.C. Ventral disc.D. Lateral disc.E. Oral frame.F. Dorsal view of disc periphery. G. Ventral view of first branch of an arm. H. Dorsal view of first branch of an arm. I. Ventral view of arm base. J–L. Variations of arm spines and pedicellariae along the arm. Abbreviations: ars = arm spine; drs = distal end of radial shield; gs = genital slit; t = teeth. Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C, G = 2 mm; D–F, H = 1 mm; I = 500 µm; J–L = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419549/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 9A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B2AFFAC689928C3562DC485" blockId="23.[189,1400,708,980]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
OSSiCLE MORPHOLOGY. Pedicellarial band formed by approximately six articulating tubercles on middle arm region and eight articulations at curved distal end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC6B6E28E054A9C450" box="[842,987,743,769]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[189,1394,265,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-174@22.[189,1395,264,1627]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 10. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924, SEM (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Plan view of the baseplate. B. Distal view of the baseplate. C. Arm spine on proximal lateral plate. D. Pedicellaria on the pedicellarial band. E–I. Vertebrae. E. Proximal view. F. Distal view. G. Ventral view. H. Dorsal view. I. Lateral view. Abbreviations: ap = articular pad of the base; au = auricle; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; fo = foramen of the base; fs = fossa between adjacent tubercles; hd = head of the apophysis; lp = lateral pores of the blade; pd = pedicel of the apophysis; Prox = proximal; pt = primary tooth of the blade; sh = sheath of the baseplate; st = secondary inner tooth; su = sulcus of tubercle head; V = ventral. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm; D = 20 µm; E, G–I = 300 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419551/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 10A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tubercles form two parallel rows with single foramen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC69E1290D5528C475" box="[453,602,778,804]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[189,1394,265,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-174@22.[189,1395,264,1627]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 10. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924, SEM (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Plan view of the baseplate. B. Distal view of the baseplate. C. Arm spine on proximal lateral plate. D. Pedicellaria on the pedicellarial band. E–I. Vertebrae. E. Proximal view. F. Distal view. G. Ventral view. H. Dorsal view. I. Lateral view. Abbreviations: ap = articular pad of the base; au = auricle; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; fo = foramen of the base; fs = fossa between adjacent tubercles; hd = head of the apophysis; lp = lateral pores of the blade; pd = pedicel of the apophysis; Prox = proximal; pt = primary tooth of the blade; sh = sheath of the baseplate; st = secondary inner tooth; su = sulcus of tubercle head; V = ventral. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm; D = 20 µm; E, G–I = 300 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419551/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 10A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral arm spines distally transformed into hooks with two or three secondary teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC69E9292A554EC416" box="[461,572,813,839]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[189,1394,265,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-174@22.[189,1395,264,1627]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 10. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924, SEM (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Plan view of the baseplate. B. Distal view of the baseplate. C. Arm spine on proximal lateral plate. D. Pedicellaria on the pedicellarial band. E–I. Vertebrae. E. Proximal view. F. Distal view. G. Ventral view. H. Dorsal view. I. Lateral view. Abbreviations: ap = articular pad of the base; au = auricle; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; fo = foramen of the base; fs = fossa between adjacent tubercles; hd = head of the apophysis; lp = lateral pores of the blade; pd = pedicel of the apophysis; Prox = proximal; pt = primary tooth of the blade; sh = sheath of the baseplate; st = secondary inner tooth; su = sulcus of tubercle head; V = ventral. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm; D = 20 µm; E, G–I = 300 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419551/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedicellariae on pedicellarial band with single secondary tooth and apophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC696E295756CEC43A" box="[330,444,848,875]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[189,1394,265,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-174@22.[189,1395,264,1627]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 10. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924, SEM (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Plan view of the baseplate. B. Distal view of the baseplate. C. Arm spine on proximal lateral plate. D. Pedicellaria on the pedicellarial band. E–I. Vertebrae. E. Proximal view. F. Distal view. G. Ventral view. H. Dorsal view. I. Lateral view. Abbreviations: ap = articular pad of the base; au = auricle; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; fo = foramen of the base; fs = fossa between adjacent tubercles; hd = head of the apophysis; lp = lateral pores of the blade; pd = pedicel of the apophysis; Prox = proximal; pt = primary tooth of the blade; sh = sheath of the baseplate; st = secondary inner tooth; su = sulcus of tubercle head; V = ventral. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm; D = 20 µm; E, G–I = 300 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419551/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pedicellariae on pedicellarial band differ from ventral arm spine by smooth apophysis. Vertebrae with hourglass-shaped streptospondylous articulation with smooth lateral furrows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC68E22990563DC4E0" box="[198,335,919,945]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[189,1394,265,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-174@22.[189,1395,264,1627]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 10. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924, SEM (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Plan view of the baseplate. B. Distal view of the baseplate. C. Arm spine on proximal lateral plate. D. Pedicellaria on the pedicellarial band. E–I. Vertebrae. E. Proximal view. F. Distal view. G. Ventral view. H. Dorsal view. I. Lateral view. Abbreviations: ap = articular pad of the base; au = auricle; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; fo = foramen of the base; fs = fossa between adjacent tubercles; hd = head of the apophysis; lp = lateral pores of the blade; pd = pedicel of the apophysis; Prox = proximal; pt = primary tooth of the blade; sh = sheath of the baseplate; st = secondary inner tooth; su = sulcus of tubercle head; V = ventral. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm; D = 20 µm; E, G–I = 300 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419551/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 10E–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paired openings in lateral side of vertebrae for lateral water canals, no oral bridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="58E12A3B9B2AFFAC68E229BD5621C485" box="[198,339,954,980]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="22.[189,232,1647,1673]" captionTargetBox="[189,1394,265,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-174@22.[189,1395,264,1627]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig. 10. Gorgonocephalus chilensis novaezelandiae Mortensen, 1924, SEM (IDSSE EEB-SW0005). A. Plan view of the baseplate. B. Distal view of the baseplate. C. Arm spine on proximal lateral plate. D. Pedicellaria on the pedicellarial band. E–I. Vertebrae. E. Proximal view. F. Distal view. G. Ventral view. H. Dorsal view. I. Lateral view. Abbreviations: ap = articular pad of the base; au = auricle; D = dorsal; Dist = distal; fo = foramen of the base; fs = fossa between adjacent tubercles; hd = head of the apophysis; lp = lateral pores of the blade; pd = pedicel of the apophysis; Prox = proximal; pt = primary tooth of the blade; sh = sheath of the baseplate; st = secondary inner tooth; su = sulcus of tubercle head; V = ventral. Scale bars: A–C = 100 µm; D = 20 µm; E, G–I = 300 µm; F = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6419551" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6419551/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Fig. 10F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88C065359B2AFFA368992E0C53C2C548" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B2AFFAC68992E0C565DC374" blockId="23.[189,303,1035,1061]" box="[189,303,1035,1061]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<heading id="9B2D81D29B2AFFAC68992E0C565DC374" bold="true" box="[189,303,1035,1061]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC68992E0C565DC374" bold="true" box="[189,303,1035,1061]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B2AFFAC68992E3E5309C008" blockId="23.[187,1399,1081,1882]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC69502E3D55C9C302" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1924" box="[372,699,1081,1108]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="chilensis" subSpecies="novaezelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC69502E3D56FBC305" box="[372,393,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC69BC2E3E55C9C302" box="[408,699,1081,1107]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">chilensis novaezelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is currently unaccepted and considered a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC68982E5A559CC327" authority="(Philippi, 1858) (Stohr et al. 2021)" authorityName="Stohr et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[188,750,1116,1143]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC68982E5A57A3C326" box="[188,209,1117,1143]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC68C52E5B563AC327" box="[225,328,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Philippi, 1858) (Stöhr
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6A472E5A55ECC327" box="[611,670,1116,1142]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our molecular results (see below) place this specimen with other
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B2AFFAC69602E875696C3C8" box="[324,484,1151,1178]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
material in a sister clade to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC6B6C2E8754A4C3C8" authorityName="Stohr et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[840,982,1151,1178]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6B6C2E87542FC3CB" box="[840,861,1152,1178]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6B4B2E7854A4C3C8" box="[879,982,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B2AFFAC6C072E7853EFC3C8" box="[1059,1181,1151,1177]" name="Antarctica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Southern Ocean. We consider the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B2AFFAC69F12EA45502C3EC" box="[469,624,1187,1213]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
clade sufficiently different from the Antarctic clade to reinstate the subspecies name for it, pending further investigation that may result in raising it to full species status. For the Antarctic clade, the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC6A3C2EED5463C252" authority="chilensis" authorityName="chilensis Philippi" authorityYear="1858" box="[536,785,1257,1284]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="chilensis" subSpecies="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6A3C2EED555FC255" box="[536,557,1258,1284]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6A182EEE5463C252" box="[572,785,1257,1283]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">chilensis chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be used for the time being, although the type locality is in Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B2AFFAC69EC2F0B5578C277" box="[456,522,1292,1318]" name="Chile" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and if future molecular data find the Chilean population to be in the same clade as the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B2AFFAC69762F375682C218" box="[338,496,1327,1354]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
and South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B2AFFAC6A5E2F2855B2C218" box="[634,704,1327,1353]" name="China" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea material, a new name would need to be found for the Antarctic clade. The only morphological difference between the two subspecies mentioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6CDE2F545679C2C1" author="Mortensen T." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="91 - 177" refId="ref39449" refString="Mortensen T. 1924. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. II. Ophiuroidea. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening 77: 91 - 177." type="journal article" year="1924">Mortensen (1924)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is a sparser distribution of the dorsal disc granules in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC6B5A2F7153B7C2C1" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1924" box="[894,1221,1398,1424]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="chilensis" subSpecies="novaezelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6B5A2F7154E1C2C1" box="[894,915,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6B862F7153B7C2C1" box="[930,1221,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">chilensis novaezelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The specimen from the present study is smaller and thus probably younger than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="1F61881C9B2AFFAC6BCB2F9E5313C2E2" box="[1007,1121,1433,1459]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="holotype">holotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of both subspecies and the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B2AFFAC68C82FBA56FEC287" box="[236,396,1468,1495]" name="New Zealand" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6AE42FBB542CC287" author="Baker A. N." box="[704,862,1468,1494]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="11 - 83" refId="ref36367" refString="Baker A. N. 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the South-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7 (1): 11 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1980.10423763" type="journal article" year="1980">Baker (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6BBA2FBB5306C287" author="McKnight D. G." box="[926,1140,1468,1494]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref39415" refString="McKnight D. G. 2000. The marine fauna of New Zealand: basket-stars and snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 115: 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="2000">McKnight (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6CDA2FBB5679C2AB" author="McKnight D. G." pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref39415" refString="McKnight D. G. 2000. The marine fauna of New Zealand: basket-stars and snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 115: 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="2000">McKnight (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also reported
|
||
<specimenCount id="D6DCFD379B2AFFAC69972FE75513C2A8" box="[435,609,1503,1530]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of the same size as ours (
|
||
<quantity id="07229B5B9B2AFFAC6BB42FD85496C2AB" box="[912,996,1503,1530]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
|
||
disc diameter) with a dense cover of disc granules. This character may either be variable or age-related. We consider it highly likely that the specimens studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC69D22C2155E6C111" author="Baker A. N." box="[502,660,1574,1600]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="11 - 83" refId="ref36367" refString="Baker A. N. 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the South-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7 (1): 11 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1980.10423763" type="journal article" year="1980">Baker (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6AF62C2154D1C111" author="McKnight D. G." box="[722,931,1574,1600]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref39415" refString="McKnight D. G. 2000. The marine fauna of New Zealand: basket-stars and snake-stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Euryalinida). NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 115: 1 - 79." type="journal article" year="2000">McKnight (2000)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC6C062C21521DC111" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1924" box="[1058,1391,1574,1600]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="chilensis" subSpecies="novaezelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6C062C215345C111" box="[1058,1079,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6C6C2C21521DC111" box="[1096,1391,1574,1600]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">chilensis novaezelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The morphological characters of our specimen varied slightly from their descriptions, particularly in the number of branches in the arms, which is size dependent. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6C6B2C6B539FC1D7" author="Baker A. N." box="[1103,1261,1644,1670]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="11 - 83" refId="ref36367" refString="Baker A. N. 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the South-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7 (1): 11 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03014223.1980.10423763" type="journal article" year="1980">Baker (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the shields indirectly contributed to thickening the periphery of the disc, but other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC6C812C885204C1F8" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1189,1398,1679,1705]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6C812C885204C1F8" box="[1189,1398,1679,1705]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gorgonocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
showed a distinct gap in granulation at the end of the shields and granules on the periphery of the disc. Therefore, this morphological feature can be used to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC6C302CD153D1C1A1" authorityName="Stohr et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1044,1187,1750,1776]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6C302CD1535BC1A1" box="[1044,1065,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6C182CD153D1C1A1" box="[1084,1187,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
within the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC68992CFE56FCC042" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[189,398,1785,1811]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC68992CFE56FCC042" box="[189,398,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Gorgonocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Considering other morphological characters,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC6B8F2CFD5276C042" authority="Doderlein, 1902" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1902" box="[939,1284,1785,1812]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tuberosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6B8F2CFD54B2C045" box="[939,960,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6BEB2CFE5332C042" box="[975,1088,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">tuberosus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6C622CFE5276C042" author="Doderlein L." box="[1094,1284,1785,1811]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="320 - 326" refId="ref37093" refString="Doderlein L. 1902. Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25: 320 - 326." type="journal article" year="1902">Döderlein, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC68FF2D1A5615C067" authorityName="Stohr et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[219,359,1820,1847]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC68FF2D1A5782C066" box="[219,240,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC69242D1B5615C067" box="[256,359,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a dense cover of coarse, conical, or hemispherical granules on the disc, small and closely arranged in the dorsal angle of the interradial space (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6B962D38531EC00B" author="Doderlein L." box="[946,1132,1855,1882]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="320 - 326" refId="ref37093" refString="Doderlein L. 1902. Japanische Euryaliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger 25: 320 - 326." type="journal article" year="1902">Döderlein 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B2AFFA368992D9653C2C548" blockId="23.[189,1399,1936,1998]" lastBlockId="24.[189,1399,265,538]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC68DF2D9756E7C0FB" author="Clark H. L." box="[251,405,1936,1962]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="221 - 438" refId="ref37035" refString="Clark H. L. 1923. The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 13 (7): 221 - 438." type="journal article" year="1923">Clark (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC69862D9755C0C0FA" author="Seno J. & Irimura S." box="[418,690,1936,1963]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="147 - 154" refId="ref41251" refString="Seno J. & Irimura S. 1968. Ophiuroidea collected from around the Ross Sea in 1964 with description of a new species. Journal of the Tokyo University of Fisheries 9 (2): 147 - 154." type="journal article" year="1968">Seno & Irimura (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6AC82D9654B2C0FA" author="Mortensen T." box="[748,960,1936,1963]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refId="ref39491" refString="Mortensen T. 1936. Discovery Reports: Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK." type="book" year="1936">Mortensen (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported on younger individuals that were attached to the mature adult individuals, which prompted H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B2AFFAC6BEB2DB45316C09C" author="Clark H. L." box="[975,1124,1971,1997]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="221 - 438" refId="ref37035" refString="Clark H. L. 1923. The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 13 (7): 221 - 438." type="journal article" year="1923">Clark (1923)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B2AFFAC6CC82DB35205C09C" authorityName="Stohr et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1260,1399,1971,1998]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6CC82DB35273C09F" box="[1260,1281,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B2AFFAC6D342DB45205C09C" box="[1296,1399,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as viviparous.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B25FFA369572B0E553EC675" author="Mortensen T." box="[371,588,265,292]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref39491" refString="Mortensen T. 1936. Discovery Reports: Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK." type="book" year="1936">Mortensen (1936)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested that it is not viviparous and these younger specimens simply attached to mature specimens as a host, like larger specimens attach to gorgonians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B25FFA36D022B2B5632C638" author="Olbers J. M. & Griffiths C. L. & O'Hara T. D. & Samyn Y." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 354" refId="ref40677" refString="Olbers J. M., Griffiths C. L., O'Hara T. D. & Samyn Y. 2019. Field guide to the brittle and basket stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of South Africa. Abc Taxa 19: 1 - 354. Available from http: // www. abctaxa. be / volumes / volume _ 19 _ fieldguide-brittle-and-basket-stars [accessed 16 Feb. 2022]." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Olbers
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B25FFA368992B57578AC638" box="[189,248,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This is the first record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B25FFA36A592B5754B4C638" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1924" box="[637,966,335,362]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="chilensis" subSpecies="novaezelandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B25FFA36A592B5755E0C63B" box="[637,658,336,362]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B25FFA36A852B4854B4C638" box="[673,966,335,361]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">chilensis novaezelandiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Indo-Pacific region and far from previously recorded occurrences, which may suggest that other non-Antarctic records also belong to this subspecies. Its true bathymetric and geographic distribution is currently unclear, because most previously recorded specimens were reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="07DA4D3D9B25FFA36B2C2BBE54E7C682" authorityName="Stohr et al." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Philippi" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[776,917,441,467]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Gorgonocephalidae" genus="Gorgonocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B25FFA36B2C2BBE546FC682" box="[776,797,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B25FFA36B0A2BBE54E7C682" box="[814,917,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and need to be re-examined, preferably with molecular methods. The taxonomic value of the disc granulation should be tested by examination of a large number of specimens, which could also find other distinguishing characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="88C065359B25FFA36899285753FBC5C8" box="[189,1161,592,665]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B25FFA3689928575624C53B" blockId="24.[189,342,592,618]" box="[189,342,592,618]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="9B2D81D29B25FFA3689928575624C53B" bold="true" box="[189,342,592,618]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="F2AEEAAC9B25FFA3689928575624C53B" bold="true" box="[189,342,592,618]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C06536BE9B25FFA36899287953FBC5C8" blockId="24.[189,1161,638,665]" box="[189,1161,638,665]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<quantity id="07229B5B9B25FFA368992879562DC5C8" box="[189,351,638,665]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.69" metricValueMax="1.83" metricValueMin="1.55" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1690.0" valueMax="1830.0" valueMin="1550.0">1550–1830 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B25FFA3699228785525C5C9" box="[438,599,638,665]" name="New Zealand" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
, South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B8CD762E9B25FFA36A8A28795586C5C9" box="[686,756,638,664]" name="China" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A44B4B4F9B25FFA36B1128785488C5C8" author="Mortensen T." box="[821,1018,639,665]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="91 - 177" refId="ref39449" refString="Mortensen T. 1924. Echinoderms of New Zealand and the Auckland-Campbell Islands. II. Ophiuroidea. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening 77: 91 - 177." type="journal article" year="1924">Mortensen 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |