947 lines
66 KiB
XML
947 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8d057a14-532a-4610-b80c-85c335d0571c" ID-PMC="PMC5523353" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-1" ID-PubMed="28824281" ID-ZBK="15B63229F1B846CDB9985A5FD0A4BDE2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 683" ModsDocTitle="A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordiustaiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodesformosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida)" checkinTime="1502744557052" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chiu, Ming-Chung, Huang, Chin-Gi, Wu, Wen-Jer & Shiao, Shiuh-Feng" docDate="2017" docId="870C72CEB98B7F051B115B110269DCF3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 1-23" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673" docTitle="Acutogordius taiwanensis Chiu, Huang, Wu & Shiao, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="59379D36-D879-4F8D-BB78-C47C88F818DB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FF902178C94E8548FF81FFE2FFE06D22" masterDocTitle="A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordiustaiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodesformosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida)" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668164577990" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordiustaiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodesformosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chiu, Ming-Chung</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Huang, Chin-Gi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wu, Wen-Jer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shiao, Shiuh-Feng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>683</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>23</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-683-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">15B63229F1B846CDB9985A5FD0A4BDE2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">15B63229F1B846CDB9985A5FD0A4BDE2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649104" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:59379D36-D879-4F8D-BB78-C47C88F818DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870C72CEB98B7F051B115B110269DCF3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/59379D36-D879-4F8D-BB78-C47C88F818DB" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiida" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Nematomorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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Wufengqi Waterfalls (
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,
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), Jiaushi Township, Yilan County, Taiwan (holotype and allotype). Paratypes were collected from Sindian, New Taipei City, and the Fushan Botanical Garden, Yilan County. See Table 1 for detailed information.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Partial bodies of the holotype and allotype were deposited with their hosts at the National Museum of Natural Science. Paratypes were deposited at the Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei; the National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan; and Lake Biwa Museum, Shiga, Japan. See Table 1 for detailed information.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Table 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chordodes formosanus" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="formosanus">Chordodes formosanus</taxonomicName>
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specimen information.
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<th colspan="10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Horsehair worm</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Length (mm)</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host code</th>
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<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.832117">24°49'55.62"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.74725">121°44'50.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. taiwanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">A. taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.832117">24°49'55.62"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.74725">121°44'50.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. taiwanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">A. taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.832117">24°49'55.62"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.74725">121°44'50.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. taiwanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">A. taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.832117">24°49'55.62"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.74725">121°44'50.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. taiwanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">A. taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.832117">24°49'55.62"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.74725">121°44'50.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. taiwanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">A. taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.832117">24°49'55.62"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.74725">121°44'50.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.99575">24°59'44.70"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.580414">121°34'49.49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.99575">24°59'44.70"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.580414">121°34'49.49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.99575">24°59'44.70"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.580414">121°34'49.49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.832117">24°49'55.62"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.74725">121°44'50.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="24.832117">24°49'55.62"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="121.74725">121°44'50.12"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type hosts">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Neanias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanias magnus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Neanias magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Matsumura and Shiraki, 1908 (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Gryllacrididae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Gryllacrididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Deflorita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deflorita apicalis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Deflorita apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Shiraki, 1930),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Elimaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elimaea" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elimaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus japonicus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">Hexacentrus japonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Karny, 1907,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. unicolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="unicolor">H. unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Serville, 1831,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isopsera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isopsera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Isopsera</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Mecopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecopoda elongata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">Mecopoda elongata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phaulula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaulula" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaulula</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pyrgocorypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgocorypha formosana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">Pyrgocorypha formosana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Matsumura and Shiraki, 1908,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sinochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinochlora longifissa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longifissa">Sinochlora longifissa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Matsumura and Shiraki, 1908) (
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tettigoniidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). See Table 2 for detailed information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 2. Mantid and grasshopper horsehair worm host information.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host code (see Table 1)</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host species</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host sex</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host length (mm)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Mecopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecopoda elongata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">Mecopoda elongata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Neanias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanias magnus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Neanias magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Neanias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanias magnus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Neanias magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus japonicus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">Hexacentrus japonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sinochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinochlora longifissa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longifissa">Sinochlora longifissa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus unicolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Hexacentrus unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Elimaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elimaea" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elimaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Deflorita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deflorita apicalis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Deflorita apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pyrgocorypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgocorypha formosana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">Pyrgocorypha formosana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phaulula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaulula" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaulula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus unicolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Hexacentrus unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus unicolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Hexacentrus unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Elimaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elimaea" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elimaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Neanias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanias magnus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Neanias magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus unicolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Hexacentrus unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isopsera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isopsera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Isopsera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Acromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acromantis japonica" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Acromantis japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Leptoteratura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoteratura" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptoteratura</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Holochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holochlora japonica" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Holochlora japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specific name refers to the type locality, Taiwan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. protectus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="protectus">A. protectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmidt-Rhaesa and Geraci, 2006 with regards to the (1) distribution pattern of tiny bristles on the ventral posterior end, (2) moderately flat areoles (rounded in elevation) covering the tail tips, and (3) cone-shaped spines scattered on the base of the tail lobes of the male samples. However, it is distinct because of the small ornamentations on the mid-body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Description (Figs 1-7). Male adults (n = 14) (Figs 2, 3). Body length 288.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
90.1 (133-428) mm, width (widest, after dehydration) 623
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
173 (404-1079)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Body light brown, smooth, and slightly mucous covered (liquid on the body surface slightly viscous, light on live worms usually refracted) before fixed in alcohol, alcohol-preserved specimens significantly flat and hard.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anterior end columnar and slightly narrowed at tip; anterior tip white (white cap) with a dark-brown collar (Fig. 1A); white spots scattered on brown collar (Fig. 1B, C) in some samples (3/14); under SEM, surface of anterior end wrinkled (Fig. 1F) (4/14), smooth (Fig. 1D) (7/14), or smooth but wrinkled on the tip (Fig. 1E) (3/14); short bristles or holes scattered on some samples; no obvious boundary between the white cap and dark-brown collar.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 1. Anterior end of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
Images of the anterior end showing the (A) white cap and dark-brown collar and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
white spots scattered on the brown collar
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–FSEM">D-FSEM</normalizedToken>
|
||
images of the anterior end surface that is D smooth E smooth but wrinkled on the tip with holes scattered on the dark-brown collar, and F wrinkled
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
are images from the same individual, respectively. Scale bars 500
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 2. Posterior end of male
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
Images of the posterior end with the postcloacal crescent extending A, C over or B anterior to the starting point of the tail lobe bifurcation
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–FSEM">D-FSEM</normalizedToken>
|
||
images of the posterior end with a D angled E slightly curved, and F semicircular postcloacal crescent
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
are images from the same individual, respectively. Scale bars 500
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuticle in mid-body smooth, slightly wrinkled, or cracked; short or cone-like bristles (Fig. 3D, E) scattered on some samples (6/14).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Posterior end divided into two tail lobes, each 360.25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
53.30 (303.70-489.58)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in length; lobe tips generally tapered, wrinkled, or covered by moderately flat areoles with short spines amongst areoles; inner side of tail lobes smooth; tiny spines scattered around tip; cone-shaped spines or flat areoles scattered on base behind post-cloacal crescent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Ventral side of posterior end structured with post-cloacal crescent, cloacal opening, and tiny bristles. One post-cloacal crescent not evident as it was covered by larval cuticle, post-cloacal crescent length (extension along longitudinal axis) 275.48
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
68.84 (195.78-417.03)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width (widest) 44.81
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
16.21 (18.73-83.01)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, located
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="1" pageNumber="2" start="start">near</pageBreakToken>
|
||
base of tail lobes; post-cloacal crescent slightly curved (Fig. 2B, E) (5/13), nearly at right angle (Fig. 2A, D) (5/13, including two samples reared for laying eggs), or semicircular (which were more slender than the curved or angled ones) (Fig. 2C, F) (3/13). Two ends of post-cloacal crescent extending over (Fig. 2 A, C, D, F) (11/13) or anterior to (Fig. 2B, E) (2/13) starting point of tail lobe bifurcation. Cloacal opening circular or slightly oval-shaped, 26.61
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.86 (14.63-43.23)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter, 55.50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
19.71 (32.55-89.90)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
away from anterior margin of post-cloacal crescent, surrounding depressed area in four samples, no circumcloacal spine. Cloacal openings of four specimens not visible as they were covered by the larval cuticle or by mold. Tiny bristles scattered over ventral side of posterior end except in two samples covered by larval skin or mold; tiny bristles scattered over ventral posterior end and concentrated on tail lobes (Fig. 3B) (3/13), anterior post-cloacal crescent (Fig. 3A) (1/13), or randomly scattered on the cuticle (Fig. 3D, E) (9/13).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Figure 3. Detailed diagnostic characteristics of male
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Tiny bristles scattered anterior to postcloacal crescent B Tiny bristles scattered in concentrated groups on tail lobes C Lobe tips covered by moderately flat areoles with short spines amongst areoles
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
Short bristles scattered on the mid-body cuticle. Scale bars 200
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Female adults (n = 10) (Fig. 4). Body length 271.80
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
99.14 (73-432) mm, width (widest, after dehydration) 896
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
171 (578-1120)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, light brown, slightly mucous covered (liquid on the body surface slightly viscous, light on live worms usually refracted) before fixed in alcohol. Alcohol-preserved specimens flat in egg-laying samples. Anterior end (Fig. 4A) columnar and slightly narrowed at tip; white cap and dark-brown collar present. Under SEM, surface of anterior end smooth or wrinkled;
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">one</pageBreakToken>
|
||
sample had hole-like structures (Fig. 5J); small spines scattered on surface of three samples; no obvious boundary between the white cap and dark-brown collar. Cuticle in mid-body smooth, wrinkled, or crack-like; most with small spines scattered on cuticle (7/10). Posterior end (Fig. 4B) rounded, smooth, without spines or bristles. Cloacal opening on terminal end circular, 24.70
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.88 (16.80-30.62)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter, no circum-cloacal spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure 4. Female
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Anterior end B Posterior end. Clo, cloacal opening. Scale bars 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure 5. Morphological variation of the cuticle that may result from mucus. A Smooth cuticle
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
Wrinkled cuticle
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cracked surface of cuticle F Areole-like structures on the anterior end of the cuticle
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–J">G-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
Indentations on the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
mid-body and J anterior end of the cuticle surface. Scale bars 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(A), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(B), 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(F), 20
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(G), 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(H), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(I), and 100
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Eggs (Fig. 6G). Egg string (Fig. 6G) length 12.04
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.91 (4.94-19.13) mm, width 0.61
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.11 (0.343-0.708) mm (n = 11), white or light yellow in color, deposited as short pieces not adhering to substrate. Eggs (12 days after being laid, nearly hatching) oval-shaped, length 31.93
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.08 (28.79-34.67)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 25.69
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.25 (24.04-27.71)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(n = 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Larvae (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, H). Newly hatched larvae near eggs presented as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“worm-form”">"worm-form"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 6B, E) or
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“cyst-form”">"cyst-form"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 6A). Both found among crushed egg strings. Under light microscopy, worm form (n = 13) larvae pre-septum length 31.25
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.83 (24.66-34.14)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 13.18
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.44 (12.30-14.13)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; post-septum length 80.75
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.87 (77.16-89.13)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 11.17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.70 (9.76-2.60)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Proboscis (same as stylet in our previous description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) length 11.77
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.87 (10.14-12.46)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 3.29
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.39 (2.79-4.02)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; pseudo-intestines unequally subdivided, oval with length 48.22
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.86 (44.69-54.32)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 7.99
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.87 (6.57-9.17)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Cyst form (n = 15) larvae post-septum folded into an oval shape, length 25.64
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.66 (22.34-27.88)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 17.41
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.40 (14.91-19.38)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; proboscis the only obvious structure, length 11.19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.25 (8.22-13.23)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 2.60
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.63 (1.38-3.21)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Under SEM (worm-form larvae), larvae superficially annulated with 13 segments on pre-septum and 35 on post-septum, ectodermal septum not distinguishable (Fig. 6E). Hooks arranged in three rings on anterior pre-septum: outer ring containing seven hooks, including ventral double hooks close to each other; middle and inner rings containing six hooks, and six inner spines, located between each outer hook (Fig. 6F). Proboscis inside the pre-septum covered by sheath, ornamented with two sets of spines: seven larger spines arranged laterally in two lines, except the largest terminal spine; seven smaller spines on dorsal side, no spines on ventral proboscis (Fig. 6H). One single posterior spine located on end of post-septum (Fig. 6E); exterior openings of pseudo-intestine may be present, but not clear (Fig. 6C).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Field-collected cysts (Fig. 6D) Three cysts inside a snail length 23.59-24.35
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 15.33-16.45
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; proboscis length 11.42-11.91
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 1.67-2.047
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Shape of cysts similar to cyst-form larvae, no cyst wall found, likely ruined during sample preparation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure 6. Immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
Live A cyst-form and B worm-form larvae in water C Posterior view of a worm-form larva D Cysts in an infected snail; E Worm-form larva under SEMF Anterior view of a larva showing the hook arrangement G Egg strings H Close-up of the proboscis. DS, dorsal spines; Ho, hooklet; LS, lateral spines; Peo, pseudointestine exterior opening; PostS, postseptum; PreS, preseptum; Pro, proboscis; PS, proboscis sheath; PsI, pseudointestine gland. Scale bars 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(C), 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(D), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(E), 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(F), 1 cm (G), and 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="phylogeny">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phylogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Except for one female with insufficient DNA for sequencing, the 23
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Acutogordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
COI sequences (GenBank numbers KX591922, KX591926-KX591935, KX591937-KX591948) contained eight haplotypes with 442 invariable sites, six singletons, and two parsimoniously informative sites. The genetic distance among them was 0.0025 with a range of 0.0000-0.0112. The phylogenetic tree had a polytomic topology in which some clades were not highly supported because of low bootstrap values and short genetic distances (Fig. 7). The genetic distance between the COI sequences of these 23
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Acutogordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. balticus" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="balticus">G. balticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was 0.27948 compared to 0.25455 and 0.27439 for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. attoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="attoni">G. attoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. robustus" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="robustus">G. cf. robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure 7. Neighbor-joining tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chordodes formosanus" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="formosanus">Chordodes formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="japonensis">C. japonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gordius attoni" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="attoni">Gordius attoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. robustus" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="robustus">G. cf robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. balticus" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="balticus">G. balticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Paragordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paragordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Paragordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Numbers at the nodes represent the percentage of 5,000 bootstrap replicates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Comments</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The 23
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Acutogordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples from orthopteran hosts were determined to be from a single species based on their low genetic distances, which was similar to the intraspecific pairwise distances found within
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. robustus" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="robustus">G. cf. robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.64-2.63%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hanelt, B" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="211 - 218" title="Cryptic species of hairworm parasites revealed by molecular data and crowdsourcing of specimen collections." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.010" volume="82" year="2015">Hanelt et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0-1.92%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and lower than the interspecific pairwise distances among species of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Gordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(8.0-24.3%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hanelt, B" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="211 - 218" title="Cryptic species of hairworm parasites revealed by molecular data and crowdsourcing of specimen collections." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.010" volume="82" year="2015">Hanelt et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chordodes" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Chordodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
(16.84%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">All</pageBreakToken>
|
||
three morphological types of post-cloacal crescents identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. protectus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="protectus">A. protectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
were apparent in the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. samples. Nevertheless, post-cloacal crescents significantly extending onto the tail lobes were only described in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and previously in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. acuminatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="acuminatus">A. acuminatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Miralles, DB" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="75 - 79" title="Dos nuevas especies y una nueva combinacion para el genero Acutogordius (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae)." volume="44" year="1998">de Miralles and de Villalobos 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. feae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="feae">A. feae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Camerano, 1897),
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. obesus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="obesus">A. obesus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Camerano, 1895), and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. sulawensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="sulawensis">A. sulawensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmidt-Rhaesa and Geraci, 2006. High intraspecific variation in the post-cloacal crescent makes this structure unsuitable as a diagnostic characteristic at the species level, despite that it is the most obvious structure that can be examined by stereomicroscope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Short</pageBreakToken>
|
||
bristles on the mid-body were a newly described character, which were first found in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. finni" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="finni">A. finni</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="246 - 260" title="Nematomorpha from the Philippines, with description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.6" volume="4158" year="2016">Schmidt-Rhaesa and Schwarz 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This character is not likely to be examined by stereomicroscope, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., the short bristles were still not consistently present in all individuals examined under SEM. One of the possible reasons is that the bristles were covered by mucus on the cuticle surface. The surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Acutogordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been generally described as totally smooth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Miralles, DB" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="75 - 79" title="Dos nuevas especies y una nueva combinacion para el genero Acutogordius (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae)." volume="44" year="1998">de Miralles and de Villalobos 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Schmidt-Rhaesa et al. 2006). However, various structures were found on the surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., including wrinkled, cracked, or indented structures. A similar structure (fine grooves as described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="246 - 260" title="Nematomorpha from the Philippines, with description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.6" volume="4158" year="2016">Schmidt-Rhaesa and Schwarz (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have been found in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. finni" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="finni">A. finni</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 4D, E in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="246 - 260" title="Nematomorpha from the Philippines, with description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.6" volume="4158" year="2016">Schmidt-Rhaesa and Schwarz (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and some of the bristles look like
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“sticks”">"sticks"</normalizedToken>
|
||
on the cuticle surface. In addition, the areole-like structure on the anterior end of one female, also suggested the possibility that the moderately flat areoles covering male tail tips were caused by mucus. Thus, although the moderately flat areoles and short bristles were applied as the main diagnostic characters for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. protectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="protectus">A. protectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, more information may be necessary to confidently distinguish between the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |