417 lines
57 KiB
XML
417 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="F54BA29099837ABDDD662716DFFE1388" ID-CLB-Dataset="46454" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3764.5.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3cfa8aa-dc9b-4012-9ce5-45ad3a570559" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="224948" ID-ZooBank="66502B5F-5DBF-4C0C-A09A-6E4D6196D032" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460383630101" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cavalcanti, Fernanda F., Menegola, Carla & Lanna, Emilio" docDate="2014" docId="C4078793FFD9B73E0ABAA24A389CFB26" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03764p554.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3764 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paraleucilla solangeae Cavalcanti, Menegola & Lanna, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="544" masterDocId="383EFFEBFFDBB7390A2DA7303955FF85" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="554" masterPageNumber="537" pageNumber="539" updateTime="1698297159787" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="0B0AF54C73805A4B28DC4D9C7940BE27">
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<mods:title id="7FB27DAA62AA5DA68F3DAC832D3C43E2">Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E7B79351B064E72B9DDC9BC38853695E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FAFCB1ABC3FF30D7BCE3A5D1AF0E0545">Cavalcanti, Fernanda F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F84745BD917ED4CE751FB9377DD9F312">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="59A5A4D9BF91877001381B88B5753926">Menegola, Carla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B789A7886B61DAF40318D60E525FF85F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7427378B10DD45416EA0867BD6A7389D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F5C8ADEAB6330512F685015515B7499C">Lanna, Emilio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0812AF4E7D018544451D96777845D12F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="E7A4AA3B08EB4FEE8D9795D9778B8DD3">
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<mods:date id="499E2C5B225EAD24585B9AACAB0CF58E">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="68BE2AAE5BFC18AD06515C32ABEAD0B2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C9DBF8475E081FCE8D2005EF79FE435A">3764</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="4F61CF3118952E2E5D8A85B4AD1B1A63">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3C3702ECCB253D4B625734798FF89E7F" type="CLB-Dataset">46454</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="243B1B75AEB9B9BB1E2102EAD7744435" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3764.5.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C4078793FFD9B73E0ABAA24A389CFB26" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6134583" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119414737" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6134583" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4078793FFD9B73E0ABAA24A389CFB26" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4078793FFD9B73E0ABAA24A389CFB26" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFD9B73B0ABAA24A3B45FA10" box="[151,528,1402,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFD9B73B0ABAA24A3B45FA10" blockId="2.[151,528,1402,1429]" box="[151,528,1402,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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<heading id="175981E9FFD9B73B0ABAA24A3B45FA10" bold="true" box="[151,528,1402,1429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B0ABAA24A3B45FA10" bold="true" box="[151,528,1402,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD9B73B0ABAA24A38FEFA11" ID-CoL="4CYRX" box="[151,427,1402,1428]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B0ABAA24A38FEFA11" bold="true" box="[151,427,1402,1428]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Paraleucilla solangeae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD9B73B0B9FA24B3B45FA10" box="[434,528,1403,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFD9B73B0ABAA2F13A2CFA7B" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFD9B73B0ABAA2F13A2CFA7B" blockId="2.[151,1436,1473,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B0ABAA2F1384BFA5F" bold="true" box="[151,286,1473,1498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Etymology.</emphasis>
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For Dr. Solange Peixinho, in recognition of her dedication to the taxonomy of calcareous sponges, mainly species from Bahia and other states in northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="34B97615FFD9B73B0901A2D53A21FA7B" box="[812,884,1509,1534]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFD9B73B0AEAA1393DE4F937" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFD9B73B0AEAA1393DE4F937" blockId="2.[151,1436,1473,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B0AEAA1393814F9A7" bold="true" box="[199,321,1545,1570]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD9B73B0B67A1393883F9A4" box="[330,470,1545,1569]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B0B67A1393883F9A4" box="[330,470,1545,1569]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Paraleucilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with a single apical osculum ornamented by a short fringe formed by trichoxea and small sagittal tetractines. Tufts of diactines are positioned perpendicular to the sponge surface, crossing two thirds of the choanosome. They are regularly distributed (
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B08C4A1623A59F9EC" box="[745,780,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">i.e.</emphasis>
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, equally spaced) along the sponge skeleton. The cortical skeleton is composed of giant tetractines. Both the outer and inner regions have a single
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD9B73B0EA8A1463DE0F90B" box="[1157,1205,1654,1678]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">type</typeStatus>
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of sagittal triactines and tetractines. The atrium is lined with a tangential layer of sagittal triactines and tetractines.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFD9B73B0AEAA18D3A56F8E3" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFD9B73B0AEAA18D3AECF8C7" blockId="2.[151,1436,1473,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B0AEAA18D38ADF953" bold="true" box="[199,504,1725,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD9B73B0AEAA18D3857F953" box="[199,258,1725,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Type</typeStatus>
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material.
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD9B73B0BAFA18D38A6F953" box="[386,499,1725,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="2ABFAE40FFD9B73B082EA18E3B1BF953" box="[515,590,1726,1750]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">UFBA</collectionCode>
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POR 3525 [Guarajuba (
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<geoCoordinate id="299A5042FFD9B73B0946A18D3D5CF953" box="[875,1033,1725,1750]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" precision="1" value="-12.736834">12°44’12.6’’S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="299A5042FFD9B73B0E39A18D3DEAF953" box="[1044,1215,1725,1750]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" precision="1" value="-38.086777">38°05’12.4’’W</geoCoordinate>
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), Camaçari, Bahia,
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<collectingCountry id="34B97615FFD9B73B0ABAA1D1398AF97F" box="[151,223,1761,1786]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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; depth: 23 meters; --/
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<date id="38101045FFD9B73B0BF6A1D23B67F97F" box="[475,562,1762,1786]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" value="2008-02">II/2008</date>
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],
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||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B086AA1D13B9DF97F" bold="true" box="[583,712,1761,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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||
<typeStatus id="93158827FFD9B73B086AA1D13B96F97F" box="[583,707,1761,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
:
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="2ABFAE40FFD9B73B08FFA1D23A48F97F" box="[722,797,1762,1786]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">UFBA</collectionCode>
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POR 4242 [Guarajuba (
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<geoCoordinate id="299A5042FFD9B73B0E17A1D13D8DF97F" box="[1082,1240,1761,1786]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" precision="1" value="-12.736834">12°44’12.6’’S</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="299A5042FFD9B73B0ECEA1D13CDBF97F" box="[1251,1422,1761,1786]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" precision="1" value="-38.086777">38°05’12.4’’W</geoCoordinate>
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), Camaçari, Bahia,
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<collectingCountry id="34B97615FFD9B73B0B5EA03538EEF89B" box="[371,443,1797,1822]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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; depth: 23 meters; --/
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<date id="38101045FFD9B73B08FDA0363A72F89B" box="[720,807,1798,1822]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" value="2008-02">II/2008</date>
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], and
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<collectionCode id="2ABFAE40FFD9B73B0951A0363A92F89B" box="[892,967,1798,1822]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">UFBA</collectionCode>
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POR 4243 [Guarajuba (
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<geoCoordinate id="299A5042FFD9B73B0ED3A0353CC9F89B" box="[1278,1436,1797,1822]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" precision="1" value="-12.736834">12°44’12.6’’S</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="299A5042FFD9B73B0ABAA0193817F8C7" box="[151,322,1833,1858]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" precision="1" value="-38.086777">38°05’12.4’’W</geoCoordinate>
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), Camaçari, Bahia,
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<collectingCountry id="34B97615FFD9B73B0832A0193B32F8C7" box="[543,615,1833,1858]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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; depth: 23 meters; --/
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<date id="38101045FFD9B73B097AA01A3AFBF8C7" box="[855,942,1834,1858]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" value="2008-02">II/2008</date>
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFD9B73B0AEAA07D3A56F8E3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1473,2038]" box="[199,771,1869,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B0AEAA07D3830F8E3" bold="true" box="[199,357,1869,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD9B73B0AEAA07D3857F8E3" box="[199,258,1869,1894]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Guarajuba, Camaçari, Bahia,
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<collectingCountry id="34B97615FFD9B73B089AA07D3BAAF8E3" box="[695,767,1869,1894]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFD9B73E0AEAA0413A1CFC23" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFD9B73A0AEAA041382FFEC5" blockId="2.[151,1436,1473,2038]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,320]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="540" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">
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<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD9B73B0AEAA041380CF80F" bold="true" box="[199,345,1905,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Description.</emphasis>
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The body shape varies from spherical to tubular. The
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD9B73B09F8A0413D62F80F" box="[981,1079,1905,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is the largest specimen, and it measures 8.0 x 8.0 mm (osculum-basis axis and width, respectively) (
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<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD9B73B09CEA0A53D1FF82B" box="[995,1098,1941,1966]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,363,1804]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 3525); B—Detail of the oscular fringe; C— Transverse section [from the cortex to the atrium] showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir). Arrows indicate the presence of tufts of diactines; D—Detailed view of a tuft of diactines (arrow) inserted close to the cortex (cx); E—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; F—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton and the apical actines (arrows) of some atrial tetractines; G—Detailed view of the apical actines of tetractines pointed toward the atrial cavity. (B, C, E, G: UFBA POR 3525, holotype; D, F: UFBA POR 4242, paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224950/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="539">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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A). The color when alive is unknown, but the ethanol-preserved specimens are beige. The surface is smooth, but this is most likely because the tips of the diactines are broken (see description below). There is a single apical osculum, which in the
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD9B73B0F17A0ED3CC9F873" box="[1338,1436,2013,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="539" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
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(UFBA POR 3525) and in one of the
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD8B73A0813A7A83BFCFF35" box="[574,681,152,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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(UFBA POR 4242) is ornamented by a fringe of trichoxea (
|
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<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFD8B73A0F7CA7A739F2FF51" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,363,1804]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 3525); B—Detail of the oscular fringe; C— Transverse section [from the cortex to the atrium] showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir). Arrows indicate the presence of tufts of diactines; D—Detailed view of a tuft of diactines (arrow) inserted close to the cortex (cx); E—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; F—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton and the apical actines (arrows) of some atrial tetractines; G—Detailed view of the apical actines of tetractines pointed toward the atrial cavity. (B, C, E, G: UFBA POR 3525, holotype; D, F: UFBA POR 4242, paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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B). Small sagittal tetractines are present at the base of this fringe, and they are covered by the giant spicules that form the cortical skeleton. The body wall is thick in the
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD8B73A0916A7EF3AF5FF7D" box="[827,928,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which has the narrowest atrial cavity. The
|
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<typeStatus id="93158827FFD8B73A0ABAA6353857FE98" box="[151,258,261,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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present a wide atrial cavity. The aquiferous system is leuconoid, with the rounded choanocyte chambers typical of the genus.
|
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="18D1660DFFD8B73A0ABAA0113BC8F855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" targetBox="[151,1436,363,1802]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="4C113685FFD8B73A0ABAA0113BC8F855" blockId="3.[151,1436,1825,2000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">
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||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD8B73A0ABAA0113846F8B2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1825,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFD8B73A0B34A0113B50F8B2" box="[281,517,1825,1847]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD8B73A0B34A0113B50F8B2" box="[281,517,1825,1847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">Paraleucilla solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFD8B73A0826A0113B0EF8B2" box="[523,603,1825,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFD8B73A0826A0113B0EF8B2" bold="true" box="[523,603,1825,1847]" pageId="3" pageNumber="540">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 3525); B—Detail of the oscular fringe; C— Transverse section [from the cortex to the atrium] showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir). Arrows indicate the presence of tufts of diactines; D—Detailed view of a tuft of diactines (arrow) inserted close to the cortex (cx); E—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; F—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton and the apical actines (arrows) of some atrial tetractines; G—Detailed view of the apical actines of tetractines pointed toward the atrial cavity. (B, C, E, G: UFBA POR 3525, holotype; D, F: UFBA POR 4242, paratype).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="18D1660DFFDFB73D0ABAA4823B34FB83" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224951/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" targetBox="[151,1436,176,924]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDFB73D0ABAA4823B34FB83" blockId="4.[151,1435,946,1030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDFB73D0ABAA482384FFC4D" bold="true" box="[151,282,946,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicules of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDFB73D0B80A4823BF5FC4D" box="[429,672,946,968]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDFB73D0B80A4823BF5FC4D" box="[429,672,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Paraleucilla solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDFB73D0880A4823A50FC4D" box="[685,773,946,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDFB73D0880A4823A50FC4D" bold="true" box="[685,773,946,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDFB73D0AEAA31D39B9FAC7" blockId="4.[151,1437,1069,2030]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">
|
||
There are diactines perpendicular to the sponge surface, crossing two thirds of the choanosome (from the outer region to the inner region). They are organized in tufts that are regularly arranged in the sponge body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D0F3AA3613CD6FBEF" box="[1303,1411,1105,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,363,1804]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 3525); B—Detail of the oscular fringe; C— Transverse section [from the cortex to the atrium] showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir). Arrows indicate the presence of tufts of diactines; D—Detailed view of a tuft of diactines (arrow) inserted close to the cortex (cx); E—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; F—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton and the apical actines (arrows) of some atrial tetractines; G—Detailed view of the apical actines of tetractines pointed toward the atrial cavity. (B, C, E, G: UFBA POR 3525, holotype; D, F: UFBA POR 4242, paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224950/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). The cortical skeleton is composed of the basal system of giant tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D0E33A3453DD9FB0B" box="[1054,1164,1141,1166]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,363,1804]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 3525); B—Detail of the oscular fringe; C— Transverse section [from the cortex to the atrium] showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir). Arrows indicate the presence of tufts of diactines; D—Detailed view of a tuft of diactines (arrow) inserted close to the cortex (cx); E—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; F—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton and the apical actines (arrows) of some atrial tetractines; G—Detailed view of the apical actines of tetractines pointed toward the atrial cavity. (B, C, E, G: UFBA POR 3525, holotype; D, F: UFBA POR 4242, paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224950/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C, E), which point their apical actine toward the atrium. The inarticulated skeleton (
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDFB73D0915A3AA3A0FFB34" box="[824,858,1178,1201]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">i.e.</emphasis>
|
||
, the outer region) is formed by these apical actines and by the unpaired actines of subatrial triactines and tetractines. Both categories are common in the subatrial skeleton, and they also form the inner region, where the spicules are irregularly distributed. The atrial skeleton is composed of tangential triactines and tetractines. The latter project their apical actines into the atrial cavity (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D0F6BA23539F0FAC7" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1825,1847]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,363,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,363,1804]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 3525); B—Detail of the oscular fringe; C— Transverse section [from the cortex to the atrium] showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir). Arrows indicate the presence of tufts of diactines; D—Detailed view of a tuft of diactines (arrow) inserted close to the cortex (cx); E—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; F—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton and the apical actines (arrows) of some atrial tetractines; G—Detailed view of the apical actines of tetractines pointed toward the atrial cavity. (B, C, E, G: UFBA POR 3525, holotype; D, F: UFBA POR 4242, paratype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224950/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDFB73C0AEAA27D3837FF7D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1069,2030]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="542" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDFB73D0AEAA27D3865FAE3" bold="true" box="[199,304,1357,1382]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Spicules.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="012C033EFFDFB73D0B13A27D38C4FAE3" box="[318,401,1357,1382]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,152,175]" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule measurements of the type specimens of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. (H—holotype; P—paratype; * — most of the measured diactines were broken close to their distal tips)." pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Cortical tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D08A7A27D3BBCFAE3" box="[650,745,1357,1382]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224951/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A): Giant spicules. All actines are conical and have sharp tips. In the basal system, the unpaired actine is shorter than the paired actines, which are curved. The apical actine is straight. [Paired actines: 200 – 373.6 ± 27.8 – 570/ 35.4 ± 2.6 µm; unpaired actine: 190 – 311.2 ± 61.9 – 520.0/ 30.6 ± 6.2 µm; apical actine: 220 – 500.4 ± 48.2 – 750/ 36.8 ± 1.9 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFDFB73D0998A28A3D1DFA57" box="[949,1096,1465,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Subatrial tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D0F7CA28939F0FA73" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224951/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B): Sagittal. Actines are conical and have sharp tips. The paired actines are straight, whereas the unpaired actine is slightly undulated. In general, the latter is longer than the paired actines. The apical actine is short, smooth, and curved. [Paired actines: 160 – 359.6 ± 8.1 – 560/ 35.3 ±4.0 µm; unpaired actine: 170 – 403.3 ± 17.2 – 650/ 36.8 ± 4.2 µm; apical actine: 70 – 182.3 ±98.4 – 430.0/ 26.8 ± 6.1 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFDFB73D09A0A17A3D4AF9E7" box="[909,1055,1609,1634]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Subatrial triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D0F35A1793C2DF9E7" box="[1304,1400,1609,1634]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224951/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C): Sagittal. Actines are conical and have sharp tips. In general, the unpaired actine is longer than the paired actines, which are curved. In one of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="93158827FFDFB73D083AA1A23BD6F92F" box="[535,643,1682,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(UFBA POR 4242), these spicules have a wide range of sizes. We confirmed that they comprise a single category by plotting a histogram (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D09EDA1853D74F94B" box="[960,1057,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1561,1583]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,291,1540]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Histograms and box plots of the spicule measurements for the three new species: A— P. solangeae sp. nov.; B – E— P. o c a sp. nov. and F-H: P. incomposita sp. nov. A—Histograms showing the distributions of actine length for the subatrial triactines of the paratype of P. solangeae sp. nov. (UFBA POR 4242; top panel: paired actines, bottom panel: unpaired actines). B – C—Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. oca sp. nov. (B—paired actines and C—unpaired actines). D – E— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial tetractines of P. o c a sp. nov. (D—paired actines and E—unpaired actines). F – H— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. incomposita sp. nov. (F—paired actines; G—unpaired actines and Hapical actines). Each box displays the median and upper and lower quartiles of the spicules measurements for each category. Box whiskers represent the maximum and minimum range. The p-value indicates a significant difference between spicule categories." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224952/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figure 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A). [Paired actines: 110 – 268.4 ± 57.0 – 550/ 16.5 ± 5.9 µm; unpaired actine: 170 – 412.4 ± 59.2 – 630/ 18.9 ± 5.8 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFDFB73D0E81A1EA3C15F977" box="[1196,1344,1753,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Atrial tetractines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D0B31A1CD38D5F893" box="[284,384,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224951/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D): Thinner than any other spicule category. Actines are cylindrical and straight (with the exception of the apical one), and they have sharp tips. The apical actine is short and curved close to its tip. [Paired actines: 110 – 223.0 ± 30.7 – 350/ 9.0 ± 2.1 µm; unpaired actine: 100 – 260.0 ± 24.0 – 510/ 10.4 ± 0.4 µm; apical actine: 50 – 104.1 ± 14.6 – 170/ 9.1 ± 1.2 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFDFB73D08E1A05A3A08F807" box="[716,861,1897,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Atrial triactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D0E18A0593DC3F807" box="[1077,1174,1897,1922]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224951/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E): Sagittal, actines are conical and have sharp tips. The paired actines are curved and are longer than the unpaired one, which is straight. [Paired actines: 90 – 148.8 ± 7.4 – 280/10.5 ± 1.2 µm; unpaired actine: 40 – 88.6 ± 5.2 – 170/ 12.9 ± 0.6 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFDFB73D0FA2A0823841F86B" pageId="4" pageNumber="541" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)]. Diactines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDFB73D0B85A0E53B46F86B" box="[424,531,2005,2030]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224951/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="541">Figures 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F, G): Straight and fusiform. Both tips are sharp, but whereas the proximal one (located inside the sponge) thins gradually (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDEB73C0853A7A73B89FF35" box="[638,732,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224951/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
F), the distal tip (located outside the sponge) comes abruptly to a point (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4952A00FFDEB73C0ADBA78C3802FF51" box="[246,343,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,176,924]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,175,925]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Cortical tetractine; B—Subatrial tetractine; C—Subatrial triactine; D—Atrial tetractine; E—Atrial triactine; F—Diactine (distal tip is broken); G—Detailed view of the distal tip of a diactine. P-paired actines; u- unpaired actine." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224951/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
G). Frequently, this spicule has its distal tip broken. [160 – 498.0 ± 103.7 – 850/ 14.3 ± 2.8 µm (n=
|
||
<specimenCount id="5AA8FD0CFFDEB73C0A92A7D03805FF7D" box="[191,336,223,248]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="18D1660DFFDEB73C0ABAA1293850F8A1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224952/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" targetBox="[151,1436,291,1540]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDEB73C0ABAA1293850F8A1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1561,1828]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0ABAA1293847F9AA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1561,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Histograms and box plots of the spicule measurements for the three new species: A—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDEB73C0E59A12A3DA6F9AA" box="[1140,1267,1561,1583]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0E59A12A3DA6F9AA" box="[1140,1267,1561,1583]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDEB73C0ED5A1293C1DF9AA" box="[1272,1352,1561,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0ED5A1293C1DF9AA" bold="true" box="[1272,1352,1561,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; B–E—
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0ABAA1093981F9CB" box="[151,212,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">P. o c a</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0AF3A1083864F9CB" bold="true" box="[222,305,1592,1614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
and F-H:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDEB73C0BB2A1093B63F9CB" box="[415,566,1593,1614]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incomposita" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0BB2A1093B63F9CB" box="[415,566,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">P. incomposita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDEB73C0813A1083BC5F9CB" box="[574,656,1592,1614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0813A1083BC5F9CB" bold="true" box="[574,656,1592,1614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A—Histograms showing the distributions of actine length for the subatrial triactines of the paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDEB73C0B9CA1683B65F9E9" box="[433,560,1622,1645]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0B9CA1683B65F9E9" box="[433,560,1622,1645]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDEB73C081BA1663BD3F9E9" box="[566,646,1622,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C081BA1663BD3F9E9" bold="true" box="[566,646,1622,1644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(UFBA POR 4242; top panel: paired actines, bottom panel: unpaired actines). B–C—Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDEB73C08C8A1463A77F90E" box="[741,802,1654,1675]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oca" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C08C8A1463A77F90E" box="[741,802,1654,1675]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">P. oca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDEB73C0904A1453A2CF90E" box="[809,889,1653,1675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0904A1453A2CF90E" bold="true" box="[809,889,1653,1675]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(B—paired actines and C—unpaired actines). D–E— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial tetractines of
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C08EBA1A53A51F92F" box="[710,772,1685,1706]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">P. o c a</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C093CA1A43A31F92F" bold="true" box="[785,868,1684,1706]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
(D—paired actines and E—unpaired actines). F–H— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDEB73C0885A1833A68F94D" box="[680,829,1715,1736]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="incomposita" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0885A1833A68F94D" box="[680,829,1715,1736]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">P. incomposita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDEB73C0968A1823AC2F94D" box="[837,919,1714,1736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0968A1823AC2F94D" bold="true" box="[837,919,1714,1736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(F—paired actines; G—unpaired actines and Hapical actines). Each box displays the median and upper and lower quartiles of the spicules measurements for each category. Box whiskers represent the maximum and minimum range. The p-value indicates a significant difference between spicule categories.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDEB73C0AEAA07C38B9F870" blockId="5.[151,1436,1868,2037]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDEB73C0AEAA07C387EF8E0" bold="true" box="[199,299,1868,1893]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
All the analyzed specimens were sampled by dredging during the monitoring of a submarine emission pipe on the North coast of Bahia (see Materials and Methods above). Specimen UFBA POR 3525 (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="93158827FFDEB73C0ABAA0A439AEF828" box="[151,251,1940,1965]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) is attached to a fragment of an organism that is most likely a soft coral, and hydroids, calcareous algae, sand, and foraminiferans are also found on its basal surface. On the other specimens (the
|
||
<typeStatus id="93158827FFDEB73C0ECCA0883C04F855" box="[1249,1361,1976,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="542" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
), only calcareous algae are observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="18D1660DFFDDB73F0ABAA7A83AFCFF4A" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDDB73F0ABAA7A83AFCFF4A" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,207]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDDB73F0ABAA7A8385CFF2A" bold="true" box="[151,265,152,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule measurements of the type specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDDB73F093FA7A73D5EFF2A" box="[786,1035,151,175]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDDB73F093FA7A73D5EFF2A" box="[786,1035,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Paraleucilla solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDDB73F0E3CA7A83D32FF2A" box="[1041,1127,152,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDDB73F0E3CA7A83D32FF2A" bold="true" box="[1041,1127,152,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(H—holotype; P—paratype; *— most of the measured diactines were broken close to their distal tips).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDDB73F0AB2A7DA3C30FE85" blockId="6.[159,1427,234,1992]" box="[159,1381,234,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Spicule/ Specimens Actine Length (µm) Width (µm) N</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDDB73F0920A625380AFED6" blockId="6.[159,1427,234,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">Mean SD Mean SD Cortical tetractines</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDDB73F0AB2A657383CFD75" blockId="6.[159,1427,234,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">UFBA POR 3525 (H) paired 381.3 75.3 38.3 9.9 30 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 396.7 82.3 33.5 8.9 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 342.7 96.0 34.3 9.4 30 UFBA POR 3525 (H) unpaired 267.5 36.0 26.2 4.8 0 4 UFBA POR 4242 (P) -- -- -- -- -- UFBA POR 4243 (P) 355.0 233.3 35.0 21.2 0 2 UFBA POR 3525 (H) apical 512.7 114.2 38.7 8.5 30 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 541.3 146.3 34.8 7.9 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 447.3 92.7 36.9 8.4 26 Subatrial tetractines</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDDB73F0AB2A434380BFB0B" blockId="6.[159,1427,234,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">UFBA POR 3525 (H) paired 365.3 83.9 37.3 9.7 30 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 350.3 100.3 30.7 9.1 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 363.3 95.6 38.0 10.3 15 UFBA POR 3525 (H) unpaired 412.7 91.9 37.5 8.3 30 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 413.7 120.6 32.2 9.3 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 383.5 98.8 40.6 11.6 17 UFBA POR 3525 (H) apical 223.3 68.1 31.7 7.6 0 3 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 253.7 96.2 28.7 6.4 0 8 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 70.0 -- 20.0 -- 0 1 Subatrial triactines</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDDB73F0AB2A392381DFA2A" blockId="6.[159,1427,234,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">UFBA POR 3525 (H) paired 248.7 67.1 15.5 4.8 30 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 332.7 77.1 22.8 6.8 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 224.0 84.4 11.2 3.6 20 UFBA POR 3525 (H) unpaired 382.7 97.2 17.7 6.0 30 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 480.7 81.7 25.2 6.6 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 374.0 77.1 13.7 3.7 30 Atrial tetractines</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDDB73F0AB2A2F33866F8C9" blockId="6.[159,1427,234,1992]" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">UFBA POR 3525 (H) paired 239.7 46.8 9.0 2.3 30 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 241.7 46.8 11.2 4.9 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 187.5 39.2 6.9 2.6 0 8 UFBA POR 3525 (H) unpaired 277.0 97.0 10.1 2.5 23 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 243.0 94.2 10.7 3.4 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) -- -- -- -- -- UFBA POR 3525 (H) apical 87.9 24.4 7.8 2.6 29 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 116.3 21.6 10.3 3.2 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 108.2 34.0 9.1 7.3 11 Atrial triactine</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDDB73E0AB2A0503C30FF5A" blockId="6.[159,1427,234,1992]" lastBlockId="7.[159,1389,160,595]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="544" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">
|
||
UFBA POR 3525 (H) paired 144.0 30.2 11.0 2.6 20 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 157.3 36.0 11.3 3.7 30
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDDB73F0E70A0823CC6F84D" box="[1117,1427,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="543">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
Spicule/ Specimens Actine Length (µm) Width (µm) N
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="18D1660DFFDCB73E0AB2A79038D8FF33" box="[159,397,160,182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0AB2A79038D8FF33" blockId="7.[159,1389,160,595]" box="[159,397,160,182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0AB2A7903859FF33" bold="true" box="[159,268,160,182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0920A7C33C50FE8D" blockId="7.[159,1389,160,595]" box="[781,1285,242,264]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Mean SD Mean SD</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0AB2A62C385EFE52" blockId="7.[159,1389,160,595]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">UFBA POR 4243 (P) 145.0 30.4 9.1 7.3 11 UFBA POR 3525 (H) unpaired 90.0 32.4 13.0 3.4 20 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 93.0 34.8 13.5 3.5 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 82.8 23.0 12.3 7.8 30 Diactines*</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0AB2A6DB3A1CFC23" blockId="7.[159,1389,160,595]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,658,1187]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
UFBA POR 3525 (H) 499.6 129.3 15.2 3.6 30 UFBA POR 4242 (P) 601.0 111.5 16.5 3.9 30 UFBA POR 4243 (P) 393.5 87.8 11.1 4.5 14
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0AEAA5A2386EFD2E" bold="true" box="[199,315,658,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0B61A5A33B0EFD2E" box="[332,603,659,683]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0B61A5A33B0EFD2E" box="[332,603,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Paraleucilla solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDCB73E0846A5A23B9BFD2E" box="[619,718,658,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0846A5A23B9BFD2E" bold="true" box="[619,718,658,683]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is morphologically similar to other species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0ABAA5863876FD4B" box="[151,291,694,718]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0ABAA5863876FD4B" box="[151,291,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Paraleucilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring in the SW Atlantic along the South American coast. It shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0EA1A587386DFD76" authority="Azevedo & Klautau, 2007" authorityName="Azevedo & Klautau" authorityYear="2007" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0EA1A5873C41FD4B" box="[1164,1300,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. perlucida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="283F4B74FFDCB73E0F36A586386DFD76" author="Azevedo" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" refString="Azevedo, F. & Klautau, M. (2007) Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 1402, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="2007">Azevedo & Klautau, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the presence of tufts of diactines. The tufts of diactines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E09C6A5EB3D21FD76" box="[1003,1140,731,755]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E09C6A5EB3D21FD76" box="[1003,1140,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. perlucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also regularly spaced (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="283F4B74FFDCB73E0AB3A5CE3B35FC92" author="Klautau" box="[158,608,766,791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" refString="Cavalcanti, F. F., Rapp, H. T. & Klautau, M. (2013) Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species. Zootaxa, 3619 (3), 275 - 314. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3619.3.3" type="journal article" year="2013">Klautau 2013, personal communication</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as we observed in
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0968A5CF3A9AFC93" box="[837,975,766,790]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. s o l a n g e a e</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E09F7A5CE3D60FC92" bold="true" box="[986,1077,766,791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
Nevertheless, these species can be easily distinguished, mainly by the sizes of their spicule categories, by the layer of tangential triactines that is present only in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0B7CA4773889FCDB" box="[337,476,838,862]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0B7CA4773889FCDB" box="[337,476,838,862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. perlucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and by the composition of the atrial skeleton, which is formed by triactines and tetractines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0B15A45B389EFC06" box="[312,459,875,899]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0B15A45B389EFC06" box="[312,459,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDCB73E0BFAA45A3B63FC06" box="[471,566,874,899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0BFAA45A3B63FC06" bold="true" box="[471,566,874,899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
but is formed exclusively by tetractines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0E68A45B3D84FC06" box="[1093,1233,875,899]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0E68A45B3D84FC06" box="[1093,1233,875,899]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. perlucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Moreover, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0FAAA45B3857FC23" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="perlucida">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0FAAA45B3857FC23" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. perlucida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a second subatrial skeleton is occasionally present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="04B4650EFFDCB73E0AEAA483389CFB26" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0AEAA4833B12FBDF" blockId="7.[151,1436,658,1187]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0AEAA4833BCAFC4E" ID-CoL="4CYRY" authority="Lanna et al., 2009" authorityName="Lanna et al." authorityYear="2009" box="[199,671,947,971]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0AEAA483389CFC4E" box="[199,457,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">Paraleucilla sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="283F4B74FFDCB73E0BFCA4833BCAFC4E" author="Lanna" box="[465,671,947,971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" refString="Lanna, E., Cavalcanti, F. F., Cardoso, L., Muricy, G. & Klautau, M. (2009) Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa, 1973, 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Lanna
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0832A4833B04FC4E" box="[543,593,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0979A4833AB6FC4E" ID-CoL="4CYRX" box="[852,995,947,971]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0979A4833AB6FC4E" box="[852,995,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E09C6A4823D10FC4E" bold="true" box="[1003,1093,946,971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDCB73E09C6A4823D10FC4E" box="[1003,1093,946,971]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Here are the main differences between these species: the presence of microdiactines [94.5 – 177.5 ± 5.8 – 315/ 9.0 ± 1.2 µm] in the cortical and choanosomal skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0BEDA4CB3B1BFB96" ID-CoL="4CYRY" box="[448,590,1019,1043]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0BEDA4CB3B1BFB96" box="[448,590,1019,1043]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the presence of diactines [160 – 498.0 ± 103.7 – 850/ 14.3 ± 2.8 µm] arranged in tufts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0B42A32F38AEFBB3" ID-CoL="4CYRX" box="[367,507,1054,1078]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0B42A32F38AEFBB3" box="[367,507,1054,1078]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDCB73E082FA32E3B0EFBB2" box="[514,603,1054,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E082FA32E3B0EFBB2" bold="true" box="[514,603,1054,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and the abundance of subatrial tetractines in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0E75A32F3DB0FBB3" ID-CoL="4CYRX" box="[1112,1253,1054,1078]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0E75A32F3DB0FBB3" box="[1112,1253,1054,1078]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDCB73E0EC6A32E3C11FBB2" box="[1259,1348,1054,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0EC6A32E3C11FBB2" bold="true" box="[1259,1348,1054,1079]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which are comparatively rare in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E0B9BA3733B15FBDE" ID-CoL="4CYRY" box="[438,576,1091,1115]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sphaerica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0B9BA3733B15FBDE" box="[438,576,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. sphaerica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C113685FFDCB73E0AEAA356389CFB26" blockId="7.[151,1436,658,1187]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">
|
||
The tufts of diactines also represent a key difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE4D06FFDCB73E09A6A3573D4FFBFB" ID-CoL="4CYRX" box="[907,1050,1126,1150]" class="Calcarea" family="Amphoriscidae" genus="Paraleucilla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leucosolenida" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="solangeae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E09A6A3573D4FFBFB" box="[907,1050,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">P. solangeae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65E957ECFFDCB73E0E0FA3563D28FBFA" box="[1058,1149,1126,1151]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EDAEA97FFDCB73E0E0FA3563D28FBFA" bold="true" box="[1058,1149,1126,1151]" pageId="7" pageNumber="544">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and the two new species described here (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |