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<mods:title id="4C1AD4B08AE85813094C55CF55E95844">Morphology and phylogeny reveal two novel Xylaria (Xylariaceae) species from China</mods:title>
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<treatment id="B43587871909CB7C119CFCE0161CF829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6646109" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195913720" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6646109" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B43587871909CB7C119CFCE0161CF829" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B43587871909CB7C119CFCE0161CF829" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
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<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C119CFCE0108AFCCC" ID-CoL="5CGXR" authority="(Cooke &amp; Massee) Callan &amp; J. D. Rogers, Mycotaxon" authorityName="Callan &amp; J. D. Rogers, Mycotaxon" baseAuthorityName="Cooke &amp; Massee" box="[136,995,820,847]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atrosphaerica">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C119CFCE012EDFCCC" bold="true" box="[136,388,820,847]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Xylaria atrosphaerica</emphasis>
(Cooke &amp; Massee) Callan &amp; J.D. Rogers, Mycotaxon
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36 (2): 349 (1990) (
<figureCitation id="A4A72A141909CB7C15D3FCE01663FCCD" box="[1223,1290,820,846]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,190,1932]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[178,1409,190,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Xylaria atrosphaerica (GMB0077).A. Stromata on the surface of host. B. Close-up of stromata surface. C. Transverse section of stroma. D. Longitudinal section of stroma. E. Ascus apex with a J+, apical ring (stained in Melzer’s reagent). F. Culture on OA from above. G. Culture on OA from below. H–J. Asci with ascospores. K–N. Ascospores. O. Ascospores with indehiscent perispore in 10% KOH. Scale bars: B = 200 μm, C, D = 150 μm, E= 10 μm, H–O = 10 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6641071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6641071/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="3C2336911909CB7C119CFC881391FCF2" blockId="4.[136,1299,820,1062]" box="[136,248,860,881]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Synonymy:</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C119CFC5411F4FC15" authority="Cooke &amp; Massee, Grevillea" authorityName="Cooke &amp; Massee, Grevillea" box="[136,669,896,918]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypoxylaceae" genus="Hypoxylon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atrosphaericum">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C119CFC5412E4FC16" box="[136,397,896,917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Hypoxylon atrosphaericum</emphasis>
Cooke &amp; Massee, Grevillea
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22(no. 103): 68 (1894)
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<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C119CFC701054FC39" ID-CoL="76PM9" authority="(Cooke &amp; Massee) J. N. Mill., Monograph Univ." authorityName="J. N. Mill., Monograph Univ." baseAuthorityName="Cooke &amp; Massee" box="[136,829,932,954]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Penzigia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atrosphaerica">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C119CFC701201FC3A" box="[136,360,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Penzigia atrosphaerica</emphasis>
(Cooke &amp; Massee) J.N. Mill., Monograph Univ.
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<collectingCountry id="448B76011909CB7C1256FC7010DFFC39" box="[834,950,932,954]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
, Series B 2: 212 (1934) 
<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C119CFC1C1015FC5E" ID-CoL="6NNQS" authority="(Cooke &amp; Massee) P. M. D. Martin, Jl S. Afr. Bot." authorityName="P. M. D. Martin, Jl S. Afr. Bot." baseAuthorityName="Cooke &amp; Massee" box="[136,892,968,990]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Kretzschmaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atrosphaerica">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C119CFC1C12C8FC5E" box="[136,417,968,989]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Kretzschmaria atrosphaerica</emphasis>
(Cooke &amp; Massee) P.M.D. Martin, Jl S. Afr. Bot.
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36(2): 79 (1970)
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<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C119CFC381015FB82" ID-CoL="6NNQS" authority="(Cooke &amp; Massee) P. M. D. Martin, Jl S. Afr. Bot." authorityName="P. M. D. Martin, Jl S. Afr. Bot." baseAuthorityName="Cooke &amp; Massee" box="[136,892,1004,1026]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Kretzschmaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atrosphaerica">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C119CFC3812C8FB82" box="[136,417,1004,1025]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Kretzschmaria atrosphaerica</emphasis>
(Cooke &amp; Massee) P.M.D. Martin, Jl S. Afr. Bot.
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42(1): 74 (1976)
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<paragraph id="3C2336911909CB7C119CFBC412ABFBA6" blockId="4.[136,1299,820,1062]" box="[136,450,1040,1062]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">MycoBank number: MB 127393</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3C2336911909CB7C119CFB80129FFA0D" blockId="4.[136,1452,1108,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
Saprobic on dead wood, forming on the host surface. 
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C13FEFB8010FAFBED" bold="true" box="[746,915,1108,1134]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Sexual morph</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C12B7FB801764FBED" bold="true" box="[931,1037,1108,1134]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Stromata</emphasis>
semiglobular or irregularly globose, pulvinate, 
<quantity id="FB649B741909CB7C1016FBAC12E5FB10" box="[258,396,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.4">0.4‒1.8 mm</quantity>
high × 
<quantity id="FB649B741909CB7C10F9FBAC1111FB10" box="[493,632,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="2.3" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="1.4">1.4‒3.2 mm</quantity>
broad (
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C13CDFBA2118EFB11" box="[729,743,1142,1170]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">x</emphasis>
= 1.4 × 
<quantity id="FB649B741909CB7C1248FBAC10D1FB10" box="[860,952,1144,1171]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
, n = 10), with flattened or slightly convex top. Exterior grey dark to black, roughened by fine cracks and ostioles; interior whithish to light grey. 
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C1421FB4816C2FB34" bold="true" box="[1333,1451,1180,1207]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Perithecia</emphasis>
<quantity id="FB649B741909CB7C119CFB141266FB58" box="[136,271,1216,1243]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="0.55" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.3">0.3‒0.8 mm</quantity>
diam., completely immersed, sphaerical. 
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C13F6FB141057FB58" bold="true" box="[738,830,1216,1243]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Ostioles</emphasis>
inconspicuous. 
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C12E7FB14174CFB59" bold="true" box="[1011,1061,1216,1242]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Asci</emphasis>
182‒288 × 12.3‒20 μm (
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C1453FB691613FB59" box="[1351,1402,1213,1242]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">x =</emphasis>
237 × 16.1 μm, n = 30), unitunicate, 8-spored, cylindrical, long-stipitate, apically rounded, with a J+, wedge-shaped apical ring, blue staining in Melzer’s reagent, 7–12 μm (
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C13D2FAD811BDFAA7" box="[710,724,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">x</emphasis>
= 10 μm, n = 30) high, 3.5–7 μm (
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C156CFAD117EFFAA3" box="[1144,1158,1285,1312]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">x</emphasis>
= 5.4 μm, n = 30) wide. 
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C119CFAF81260FAC5" bold="true" box="[136,265,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Ascospores</emphasis>
20.5–25.5 × 6.5–10 μm (
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C1337FAFD1158FAC3" box="[547,561,1321,1344]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">x</emphasis>
= 22.7 × 7.8 μm, n = 30), brownish-black, unicellular, ellipsoid to inequilateral, with broadly rounded ends, smooth, with a sigmoid germ slit nearly half spore-length, lacking appendages and sheaths. 
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C119CFAA01256FA0D" bold="true" box="[136,319,1396,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Asexual morph</emphasis>
: Undetermined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7486651A1909CB7C11A9FA4C11ADFA79" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3C2336911909CB7C11A9FA4C11ADFA79" blockId="4.[136,1452,1108,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C11A9FA4C12D1FA31" bold="true" box="[189,440,1432,1458]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Specimens examined</emphasis>
: 
<collectingCountry id="448B76011909CB7C10DEFA4C114FFA31" box="[458,550,1432,1458]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">CHINA</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="FE58F8731909CB7C1327FA4C106AFA31" box="[563,771,1432,1458]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
, Duyun City, Doupengshan Nature Reserve (
<geoCoordinate id="59A850561909CB7C1418FA4C16CEFA31" box="[1292,1447,1432,1458]" degrees="26.223062" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" precision="1" value="26.223063">26.223062°N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="59A850561909CB7C119CFA681249FA54" box="[136,288,1468,1495]" degrees="107.22846" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" precision="1" value="107.22846">107.22846°E</geoCoordinate>
), elev. 
<quantity id="FB649B741909CB7C107BFA6812AEFA54" box="[367,455,1468,1495]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0859999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" unit="m" value="1086.0">1086 m</quantity>
, on dead wood of unidentified plant, 
<date id="482210511909CB7C1265FA69108EFA55" box="[881,999,1468,1495]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" value="2021-06">June 2021</date>
, Youpeng Wu, 2021DPS13 (GMB0077, KUN-HKAS 122633; living culture, 
<collectionCode id="5A8DAE541909CB7C133CFA341117FA79" box="[552,638,1504,1530]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">GMBC</collectionCode>
0077).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7486651A1909CB7C11A9F9D0178CF909" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="3C2336911909CB7C11A9F9D0178CF909" blockId="4.[136,1452,1108,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C11A9F9D012B8F99D" bold="true" box="[189,465,1540,1566]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Culture characteristics</emphasis>
: Colonies on OA reaching 
<quantity id="FB649B741909CB7C121AF9D01004F99C" box="[782,877,1540,1567]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
diam. after 2 weeks at 25 °C. White at first, with regular margins, becoming moderately radiating furrows spreading toward the edge, medium becoming black from central; reverse greyish black ring in the center, white marginal area. After 4 weeks, colonies on OA reaching 
<quantity id="FB649B741909CB7C1466F99816C2F9E4" box="[1394,1451,1612,1639]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
diam., white, velvety, appressed with entire margins; reverse dark black. No conidia were observed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7486651A1909CB7C11A9F940161CF829" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="3C2336911909CB7C11A9F940161CF829" blockId="4.[136,1452,1108,1963]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C11A9F9401269F92D" bold="true" box="[189,256,1684,1710]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Notes</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C1019F9401195F92C" authority="Cooke &amp; Massee" authorityName="Cooke &amp; Massee" box="[269,764,1684,1711]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Hypoxylaceae" genus="Hypoxylon" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atrosphaericum">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C1019F9401152F92D" box="[269,571,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Hypoxylon atrosphaericum</emphasis>
Cooke &amp; Massee
</taxonomicName>
collected from Queensland was described originally by Cooke (1894). 
<bibRefCitation id="580D4B601909CB7C11CBF96D12D0F951" author="Rogers, J. D. &amp; Callan, B. E. &amp; Samuels, G. J." box="[223,441,1720,1747]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" pagination="113 - 172" refId="ref12386" refString="Rogers, J. D., Callan, B. E. &amp; Samuels, G. J. (1987) The Xylariaceae of the rain forests of north Sulawesi (Indonesia). Mycotaxon 29: 113 - 172. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00436682" type="journal article" year="1987">
Rogers 
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C1027F96D120BF951" box="[307,354,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">et al</emphasis>
. (1987)
</bibRefCitation>
described the asexual morph of 
<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C120CF96D1772F951" box="[792,1051,1720,1746]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Penzigia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atrosphaerica">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C120CF96D1772F951" box="[792,1051,1720,1746]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Penzigia atrosphaerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
collected from 
<collectingCountry id="448B76011909CB7C15D2F96C165EF951" box="[1222,1335,1720,1746]" name="Indonesia" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
. However, based primarily on the nature of cultures, 
<bibRefCitation id="580D4B601909CB7C134EF908100FF975" author="Callan, B. E. &amp; Rogers, J. D." box="[602,870,1756,1783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" pagination="343 - 369" refId="ref8655" refString="Callan, B. E. &amp; Rogers, J. D. (1990) Teleomorph-anamorph connections and correlations in some Xylaria species. Mycotaxon 36: 343 - 369." type="journal article" year="1990">Callan &amp; Rogers (1990)</bibRefCitation>
placed them in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C159CF90817B5F975" authorityName="Hill ex Schrank" authorityYear="1789" box="[1160,1244,1756,1782]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Xylaria" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C159CF90817B5F975" box="[1160,1244,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Xylaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Morphologically, our new collection (GMB0077) is congruent with 
<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C13F4F8D510C8F899" box="[736,929,1792,1818]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Penzigia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atrosphaerica">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C13F4F8D510C8F899" box="[736,929,1792,1818]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">X. atrosphaerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having semi-globular or irregularly globose stromata, grey dark to black, internally white; surface roughened by fine cracks and ostioles and perithecial mounds inconspicuous, brownish-black, ellipsoid-inequilateral, smooth ascospores (17–25 × 6–10 μm), with oblique to spiral germ slit, nearly 1/2 spore-length, lacking sheaths and appendages. Phylogenetic analyses showed that GMB0077 resembles with 
<taxonomicName id="FB9C4D121909CB7C102CF845129AF829" box="[312,499,1936,1962]" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Xylariaceae" genus="Penzigia" kingdom="Fungi" order="Xylariales" pageId="4" pageNumber="134" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="atrosphaerica">
<emphasis id="0EE8EA831909CB7C102CF845129AF829" box="[312,499,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">X. atrosphaerica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(HAST 91111214) with high statistical support (100% ML, 1.00 BYPP; 
<figureCitation id="A4A72A141909CB7C1430F844160DF829" box="[1316,1380,1936,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[136,229,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[184,1402,189,1819]" captionTargetId="figure-27@5.[184,1402,187,1910]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. RAxML tree based on analysis of a combined dataset of β-tubulin, rpb2 and α-actin sequence dataset from selected species of Xylariales. Bootstrap support values for maximum likelihood (ML) greater than 50%, and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BYPP) greater than 0.90 are given at the nodes. Strain numbers are noted after the species names. Ex-type strains are in bold. Newly generated taxa are in red. The tree is rooted to the outgroup of Camillea obularia (ATCC 28093)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6641069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6641069/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="134">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>