treatments-xml/data/03/F6/87/03F687FFFFD87E2FCBA2FDF39CA5FDB2.xml

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<mods:title id="4F5F120781797F1101041B0DA428B233">Taxonomic notes on West Palaearctic species of Lauxania Latreille, Sapromyza Fallén, Calliopum Strand and Minettia Robineau-Desvoidy, with a description of a new species of Minettia (Diptera, Acalyptrata: Lauxaniidae) from Morocco</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFD87E28CBA2FDF39FAFFD94" blockId="1.[151,984,511,538]" box="[151,984,511,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="D0A88185FFD87E28CBA2FDF39FAFFD94" bold="true" box="[151,984,511,538]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CBA2FDF39FAFFD94" bold="true" box="[151,984,511,538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
The 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CBFAFE0C9DC9FD97" bold="true" box="[207,446,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
Sapromyza 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CA69FE0C9DC9FD97" authorityName="Shatalkin" authorityYear="2000" box="[348,446,511,537]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halidayi">halidayi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
Shatalkin— 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C96EFE0C9F11FD94" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[603,870,511,538]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C96EFE0C9F7FFD97" bold="true" box="[603,776,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
problem
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFD87E28CBA2FDB59FE7FC65" blockId="1.[151,1437,582,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFD87E28CBA2FDB59D4FFDD1" author="Becker, T." box="[151,312,582,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" pagination="171 - 264" refId="ref5520" refString="Becker, T. (1895) Dipterologische Studien II, Sapromyzidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 40, 171 - 264, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1895">Becker (1895)</bibRefCitation>
described 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CA86FDB49E25FDD1" box="[435,594,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CA86FDB49E25FDD1" box="[435,594,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the French Pyrenees and in 1907 he described 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CF92FDB499EBFDD1" box="[1191,1436,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
Sapromyza 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CE1FFDB599EBFDD1" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1907" box="[1322,1436,582,607]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">maculipes</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
from a male taken in 
<collectingCountry id="F3487679FFD87E28CAB1FD999DAFFD0D" box="[388,472,618,643]" name="Algeria" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Algeria</collectingCountry>
stating that this was the same species as his specimen from Riva on Lake Garda, 
<collectingCountry id="F3487679FFD87E28CE51FD9999EEFD0D" box="[1380,1433,618,643]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Italy</collectingCountry>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFD87E28CBA2FD7C9D53FD29" author="Papp, L." box="[151,292,655,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" pagination="213 - 231" refId="ref5713" refString="Papp, L. (1978) Contribution to the Revision of the Palaearctic Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 70, 213 - 231." type="journal article" year="1978">Papp (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, examining this male specimen from 
<collectingCountry id="F3487679FFD87E28C9E0FD7D9F7EFD29" box="[725,777,654,679]" name="Italy" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Italy</collectingCountry>
, considered it to be a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CFACFD7C99EBFD28" authority="Haliday. He" authorityName="Haliday. He" authorityYear="1833" box="[1177,1436,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CFACFD7C997CFD29" box="[1177,1291,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. sordida</emphasis>
Haliday. He
</taxonomicName>
noted the detailed diagnostic characters of both male and female specimens given by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFD87E28CFA5FD41995BFD45" author="Collin, J. E." box="[1168,1324,690,715]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref5577" refString="Collin, J. E. (1948) A short synopsis of the British Sapromyzidae (Diptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 99, 225 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1948. tb 01236. x" type="journal article" year="1948">Collin (1948)</bibRefCitation>
who had examined Haliday’s 
<typeStatus id="54E4884BFFD87E28CA4AFD249DD8FD61" box="[383,431,727,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">type</typeStatus>
(a female) and other specimens of both sexes of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C8E9FD249839FD61" authorityName="Haliday. He" authorityYear="1833" box="[988,1102,726,751]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C8E9FD249839FD61" box="[988,1102,726,751]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. sordida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Haliday’s collection. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFD87E28CE51FD249C96FC9D" author="Papp, L." pageId="1" pageNumber="38" pagination="159 - 177" refId="ref5778" refString="Papp, L. (1984) Lauxaniidae (Diptera), new Palaearctic species and taxonomical notes. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 30 (1 - 2), 159 - 177." type="journal article" year="1984">Papp (1984)</bibRefCitation>
also examined two male specimens collected in 
<collectingRegion id="499BF80BFFD87E28C802FD089FF2FC9C" box="[823,901,763,786]" country="United Kingdom" name="Dorset" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Dorset</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F3487679FFD87E28C8A3FD099F84FC9D" box="[918,1011,762,787]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">England</collectingCountry>
and housed in the Natural History Museum, London and identified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C91FFCEC9E8BFCB9" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday. He" authorityYear="1833" box="[554,764,798,823]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C91FFCEC9EEBFCB9" box="[554,668,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. sordida</emphasis>
Haliday
</taxonomicName>
by Dr J.C. Deeming. Papp’s opinion was that these are not conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CA68FCB09D99FCD5" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1907" box="[349,494,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CA68FCB09D99FCD5" box="[349,494,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. maculipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(which earlier he had synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C8EDFCB1985BFCD5" authorityName="Haliday. He" authorityYear="1833" box="[984,1068,834,859]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C8EDFCB1985BFCD5" box="[984,1068,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">sordida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). However, he did not offer an opinion as to which species they belonged, yet his brief description of these specimens does fit with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CE1CFC949D2EFC2C" authority="Haliday. Because" authorityName="Haliday. Because" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CE1CFC9499ECFCF1" box="[1321,1435,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. sordida</emphasis>
Haliday. Because
</taxonomicName>
of this, the impression is given that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C9C1FC789F13FC2D" box="[756,868,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C9C1FC789F13FC2D" box="[756,868,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. sordida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C8A9FC78984BFC2D" box="[924,1084,906,931]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C8A9FC78984BFC2D" box="[924,1084,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are different species. In 
<date id="FFE11029FFD87E28CE66FC799CA5FC49" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" value="2018-03">March 2018</date>
, I examined these two specimens, including a female specimen from the same series, in order to establish their true identity. In my opinion these are conspecific with s 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C80AFC219FE7FC65" box="[831,912,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">ordida.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFD87E28CBF2FC059DF6FA31" blockId="1.[151,1437,582,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFD87E28CBF2FC059DF1FB81" author="Shatalkin, A. I." box="[199,390,1014,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref6057" refString="Shatalkin, A. I. (2000) Keys to the Palaearctic Flies of the Family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Zoologicheskie Issledovania, Moscow, 5, 1 - 102, figs. 1 - 211." type="journal article" year="2000">Shatalkin (2000)</bibRefCitation>
proposed the new name 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C99BFC049F5EFB81" authorityName="Shatalkin" authorityYear="2000" box="[686,809,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halidayi">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C99BFC049F5EFB81" box="[686,809,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. halidayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C86AFC0498F7FB81" authority="Haliday, 1833" authorityName="Haliday. He" authorityYear="1833" box="[863,1152,1014,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C86AFC049FA5FB81" box="[863,978,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. sordida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFD87E28C8E8FC0598F7FB81" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[989,1152,1014,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" pagination="147 - 180" refId="ref5631" refString="Haliday, A. H. (1833) Catalogue of Diptera occurring about Holywood in Downshire. The Entomological magazine, 1 (2), 147 - 180." type="journal article" year="1833">Haliday, 1833</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, described from 
<collectingCountry id="F3487679FFD87E28CE73FC0599EFFB81" box="[1350,1432,1014,1039]" name="Ireland" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Ireland</collectingCountry>
, because the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CA59FBE89E35FBBD" authority="Haliday" authorityName="Haliday. He" authorityYear="1833" box="[364,578,1050,1075]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CA59FBE89DA8FBBD" box="[364,479,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. sordida</emphasis>
Haliday
</taxonomicName>
was preoccupied by a species described in the same genus from the West Indies by Wiedemann in 1830, but which is now in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C9DFFBCD9825FBD9" authority="Malloch, 1924" authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1924" box="[746,1106,1086,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Neogriphoneura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C9DFFBCD9FD4FBD9" box="[746,931,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Neogriphoneura</emphasis>
Malloch, 1924
</taxonomicName>
, where it was designated the type species of the genus. Shatalkin also raised the possibility that 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C8B1FB9098B5FBF5" authority="Becker, 1907" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1907" box="[900,1218,1122,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C8B1FB909854FBF5" box="[900,1059,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFD87E28CF1FFB9198B5FBF5" author="Becker, T." box="[1066,1218,1122,1147]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" pagination="369 - 407" refId="ref5546" refString="Becker, T. (1907) Die Ergebnisse maainer dipterologischen Fruhjahrsreise nach Algier und Tunis 1906. Zeitschrift fur systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 7, 369 - 407." type="journal article" year="1907">Becker, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, is a synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CEB2FB909C84FB11" authorityName="Shatalkin" authorityYear="2000" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halidayi">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CEB2FB909C84FB11" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. halidayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Merz (2002) aware of this problem, suggested that perhaps the northern species is 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CFF6FB749949FB11" authorityName="Shatalkin" authorityYear="2000" box="[1219,1342,1158,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halidayi">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CFF6FB749949FB11" box="[1219,1342,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. halidayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the southern species is 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CA4CFB589E6BFB4D" box="[377,540,1194,1219]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CA4CFB589E6BFB4D" box="[377,540,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but he did not elaborate further. A synonymy was not formally proposed or rejected by either author. I examined several specimens from Britain, 
<collectingCountry id="F3487679FFD87E28C899FB3C9F8EFB68" box="[940,1017,1231,1254]" name="France" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">France</collectingCountry>
(Pyrenees), 
<collectingCountry id="F3487679FFD87E28CFB3FB3D98B1FB69" box="[1158,1222,1230,1255]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="499BF80BFFD87E28CFE3FB3D99F8FB69" box="[1238,1423,1230,1255]" country="Spain" name="Illes Baleares" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Balearic Islands</collectingRegion>
), Sicily, 
<collectingCountry id="F3487679FFD87E28CBDCFB019D3FFA85" box="[233,328,1266,1291]" name="Portugal" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Portugal</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3487679FFD87E28CAB2FB009D9BFA84" box="[391,492,1267,1290]" name="Morocco" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Morocco</collectingCountry>
and found them to be identical in external characters and in the postabdominal features of both sexes to Haliday’s species. I sent photographs of the male and female terminalia of this species (
<figureCitation id="13642A6CFFD87E28CBAAFAC99D76FADD" box="[159,257,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURES 1–3" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1471,1494]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1450]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1–3. Calliopum tuberculosum,1) male terminalia in situ, ventral, 2) same, ventral oblique, 3) female abdomen in situ, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617653/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
) to Sven Marotske and Jenny Pohl (Museum fur Naturkunde, Berlin). They informed me that “the female is very similar to Becker’s 
<typeStatus id="54E4884BFFD87E28CAF9FAAD9E46FAF9" box="[460,561,1374,1399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, which is also a female”. In my opinion, this is one species and according to article 23.3.5 of the Code for Zoological Nomenclature (2000) the name 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C8EBFA719816FA15" box="[990,1121,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C8EBFA719816FA15" box="[990,1121,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and not 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CFFCFA719952FA15" authorityName="Shatalkin" authorityYear="2000" box="[1225,1317,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halidayi">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CFFCFA719952FA15" box="[1225,1317,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">halidayi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
should be used for this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFD87E28CBF2FA399F1FF854" blockId="1.[151,1437,582,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">
The issue is further complicated by the generic position of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C85BFA399F86FA6D" box="[878,1009,1482,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C85BFA399F86FA6D" box="[878,1009,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Some genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CF8BFA39993EFA6D" box="[1214,1353,1482,1507]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lauxaniidae</taxonomicName>
can be difficult to delineate on a worldwide basis. This is exemplified by the case of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CF32FA1D9960F989" authority="Strand, 1928" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[1031,1303,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CF32FA1D980AF989" box="[1031,1149,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Calliopum</emphasis>
Strand, 1928
</taxonomicName>
. The key to genera in the Manual of Nearctic 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C939F9E19F66F9A5" authority="(Shewell 1987)" authorityName="Shewell" authorityYear="1987" baseAuthorityName="Shewell" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[524,785,1554,1579]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">
Diptera (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFD87E28C95BF9E19F7EF9A5" author="Shewell, G. C." box="[622,777,1554,1579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" pagination="951 - 964" refId="ref6096" refString="Shewell, G. C. (1987) Lauxaniidae. In: McAlpine, J. F. (Ed.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 2. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Monograph 28. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, pp. 951 - 964." type="book chapter" year="1987">Shewell 1987</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
separates 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C8B0F9E19F8CF9A5" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[901,1019,1554,1579]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C8B0F9E19F8CF9A5" box="[901,1019,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of fine hairs dorsally on the anepimeron, 0+3 dorsocentral setae, face mostly polished and either flat or (more usually) convex, and dark shiny ground colour of body. This suite of characters does not completely apply to the west Palaearctic species. None have setulae on the anepimeron, at least two species are not dark and most have a degree of polliniosity. In the key to the genera of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CA8EF9519E32F935" box="[443,581,1698,1723]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lauxaniidae</taxonomicName>
in the Manual of Palaearctic 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C890F951995FF935" authority="(Papp &amp; Shatalkin 1989)" authorityName="Papp &amp; Shatalkin" authorityYear="1989" baseAuthorityName="Papp &amp; Shatalkin" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[933,1320,1698,1723]" class="Magnoliopsida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Diptera (Papp &amp; Shatalkin 1989)</taxonomicName>
, the main characters separating this genus consist of a convex face with a transverse depression, an elongate antenna with the scape shorter than the pedicel and 0+3 dorsocentral setae. This suite of characters reliably separates out the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CB82F8FD9D5AF8A9" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[183,301,1806,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CB82F8FD9D5AF8A9" box="[183,301,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this zoogeographical region. Characters such as degree of pollinosity on sclerites or the ground colour may be helpful but they cannot be considered valid generic characters. There are black or yellow species, with little or with extensive pollinosity within both 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C9D9F8A49F84F8E1" box="[748,1011,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Sapromyza, sensu lato,</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28CF1BF8A598D3F8E1" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[1070,1188,1878,1903]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28CF1BF8A598D3F8E1" box="[1070,1188,1878,1903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There are additional characters that may be more useful to help separate 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C838F8899FF4F81D" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[781,899,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C838F8899FF4F81D" box="[781,899,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C8E6F8889838F81C" box="[979,1103,1915,1938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Sapromyza</emphasis>
, at least as far as the West Palaearctic species are concerned. 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFD87E28C919F86D9EBFF839" author="Collin, J. E." box="[556,712,1950,1975]" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" pagination="225 - 242" refId="ref5577" refString="Collin, J. E. (1948) A short synopsis of the British Sapromyzidae (Diptera). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 99, 225 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1948. tb 01236. x" type="journal article" year="1948">Collin (1948)</bibRefCitation>
drew attention to the mid frontal stripe in his key to genera, making the point of this being distinct and narrow in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFD87E28C9DEF8319F16F855" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[747,865,1986,2011]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFD87E28C9DEF8319F16F855" box="[747,865,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="38">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF206661FFDB7E2BCBA2FA4C9D79FA7A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617653/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" startId="2.[151,264,1471,1494]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1424]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDB7E2BCBA2FA4C9D79FA7A" blockId="2.[151,1436,1471,1525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCBA2FA4C9D4BFA5B" bold="true" box="[151,316,1471,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">FIGURES 1–3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BCA71FA339E37FA58" authorityName="Ebejer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[324,576,1472,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCA71FA339E37FA58" box="[324,576,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Calliopum tuberculosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,1) male terminalia 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC839FA329F3BFA58" box="[780,844,1473,1494]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">in situ</emphasis>
, ventral, 2) same, ventral oblique, 3) female abdomen 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCEBDFA329CCCFA7B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">in situ</emphasis>
, lateral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDB7E2BCBF2F9EF9CA8F8DA" blockId="2.[151,1436,1564,2021]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
With this problem in mind, I examined seven species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BC867F9EF9FBFF9BB" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[850,968,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC867F9EF9FBFF9BB" box="[850,968,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC8EFF9EE9846F9BA" box="[986,1073,1565,1588]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">aeneum</emphasis>
(Fallén, 1820); 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BCFD9F9EF9CACF9D6" authority="(Meigen, 1826)" authorityName="Meigen" authorityYear="1826" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1826" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elisae">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCFD9F9EF995AF9BB" box="[1260,1325,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">elisae</emphasis>
(Meigen, 1826)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BCBDDF9CC9E49F9D6" authority="(Fabricius, 1805)" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1805" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[232,574,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCBDDF9CC9D04F9D6" box="[232,371,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">geniculatum</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1805)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BC979F9CC9F17F9D6" authority="(Mik, 1881)" authorityName="Mik" authorityYear="1881" baseAuthorityName="Mik" baseAuthorityYear="1881" box="[588,864,1599,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hispanicum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC979F9CC9EBAF9D6" box="[588,717,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">hispanicum</emphasis>
(Mik, 1881)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC859F9CC9F8EF9D6" box="[876,1017,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">oosterbroeki</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BCF34F9CC98C3F9D6" author="Shatalkin, A. I." box="[1025,1204,1599,1624]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref6057" refString="Shatalkin, A. I. (2000) Keys to the Palaearctic Flies of the Family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Zoologicheskie Issledovania, Moscow, 5, 1 - 102, figs. 1 - 211." type="journal article" year="2000">Shatalkin, 2000</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BCFF4F9CC9CACF9F2" authority="(Collin, 1923)" authorityName="Collin" authorityYear="1923" baseAuthorityName="Collin" baseAuthorityYear="1923" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simillimum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCFF4F9CC9949F9D6" box="[1217,1342,1599,1624]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">simillimum</emphasis>
(Collin, 1923)
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCBD3F9979D10F9F3" box="[230,359,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">splendidum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BCA5BF9969D99F9F2" author="Papp, L." box="[366,494,1636,1660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" pagination="213 - 231" refId="ref5713" refString="Papp, L. (1978) Contribution to the Revision of the Palaearctic Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 70, 213 - 231." type="journal article" year="1978">Papp, 1978</bibRefCitation>
] and 24 species of 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC9F4F9969F4AF9F2" box="[705,829,1637,1660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Sapromyza</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC879F9979FDEF9F3" box="[844,937,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">albiceps</emphasis>
(Fallén, 1820); 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCF69F99798C2F9F3" box="[1116,1205,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">apicalis</emphasis>
Loew, 1847; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCE79F99799ECF9F3" box="[1356,1435,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">basalis</emphasis>
Zetterstedt, 1847; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCA5DF9749DADF92E" box="[360,474,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">bisigillata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BCAD1F9749EF9F92E" author="Rondani, C." box="[484,654,1671,1696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refId="ref5954" refString="Rondani, C. (1868) Sciomizinae Italicae collectae, distinctae et in ordinem dispositae. Dipterol. Ital. Prodromi. Pars UII. Fasc. 11. Dipterorum Stirps XIX. Sciomyzinae Rndn. Bernardoni, Milano [= Milan], 59 pp., 8 vo." type="book" year="1868">Rondani, 1868</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC9A9F9749F5CF92E" box="[668,811,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">drahamensis</emphasis>
Villeneuve, 1921; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BCF3DF97A9977F92E" authority="Papp, 1981" authorityName="Papp" authorityYear="1981" box="[1032,1280,1672,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gozmanyi">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCF3DF97A9804F92E" box="[1032,1139,1673,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">gozmanyi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BCF49F97B9977F92E" author="Papp, L." box="[1148,1280,1672,1696]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" pagination="159 - 186" refId="ref5744" refString="Papp, L. (1981) New species and taxonomical data of the Palaearctic Lauxaniidae and Carnidae. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 27 (1 - 2), 159 - 186." type="journal article" year="1981">Papp, 1981</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCE3BF97499ECF92E" box="[1294,1435,1671,1696]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">hermonensis</emphasis>
Yarom,1990; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCA00F95F9DE8F94B" box="[309,415,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">hyalinata</emphasis>
(Meigen, 1826); 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC947F95E9EB3F94A" box="[626,708,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">intonsa</emphasis>
Loew, 1847; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC85BF95E9FA1F94A" box="[878,982,1709,1732]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">intonsina</emphasis>
Yarom, 1990; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCFB9F95F98A8F94B" box="[1164,1247,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">israelis</emphasis>
(Yarom, 1990); 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCBA2F93C9D5CF966" box="[151,299,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">laevatrispina</emphasis>
Carles-Tolrá, 1992; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC927F93C9EFFF966" box="[530,648,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">lazlopappi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BC9BAF9239F63F966" author="Merz, B." box="[655,788,1744,1768]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" pagination="185 - 194" refId="ref5662" refString="Merz, B. (2007) A new Sapromyza Fallen, 1810 from the Swiss Alps (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114 (2), 185 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80394" type="journal article" year="2007">Merz, 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BC82AF93C983CF966" authority="Loew, 1847" authorityName="Loew" authorityYear="1847" box="[799,1099,1743,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obscuripennis">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC82AF93C9FCBF966" box="[799,956,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">obscuripennis</emphasis>
Loew, 1847
</taxonomicName>
; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BCF63F93C993BF966" authority="Fallen, 1820" authorityName="Fallen" authorityYear="1820" box="[1110,1356,1743,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoleta">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCF63F93C98C2F966" box="[1110,1205,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">obsoleta</emphasis>
Fallén, 1820
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCE62F92299EBF966" box="[1367,1436,1745,1768]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">opaca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BCBA2F9079D47F883" author="Becker, T." box="[151,304,1780,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" pagination="171 - 264" refId="ref5520" refString="Becker, T. (1895) Dipterologische Studien II, Sapromyzidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 40, 171 - 264, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1895">Becker, 1895</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCA0BF9079DEDF883" box="[318,410,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">palpella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BCA96F9079E3AF883" author="Rondani, C." box="[419,589,1780,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" refId="ref5954" refString="Rondani, C. (1868) Sciomizinae Italicae collectae, distinctae et in ordinem dispositae. Dipterol. Ital. Prodromi. Pars UII. Fasc. 11. Dipterorum Stirps XIX. Sciomyzinae Rndn. Bernardoni, Milano [= Milan], 59 pp., 8 vo." type="book" year="1868">Rondani, 1868</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC96EF9079EB6F883" box="[603,705,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">parallela</emphasis>
Carles-Tolrá, 1992; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BC885F9079896F883" authority="Becker, 1895" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1895" box="[944,1249,1780,1805]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadricincta">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC885F9079848F883" box="[944,1087,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">quadricincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BCF7DF9079896F883" author="Becker, T." box="[1096,1249,1780,1805]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" pagination="171 - 264" refId="ref5520" refString="Becker, T. (1895) Dipterologische Studien II, Sapromyzidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 40, 171 - 264, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1895">Becker, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCFDAF90799EBF883" box="[1263,1436,1780,1805]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">quadripunctata</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1767); 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCA5FF8EA9D87F8BE" box="[362,496,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">sexpunctata</emphasis>
Meigen, 1826; 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BC99FF8E49FA7F8BE" authority="Becker, 1895" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1895" box="[682,976,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC99FF8E49F5AF8BE" box="[682,813,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">tuberculosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BC803F8E49FA7F8BE" author="Becker, T." box="[822,976,1815,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" pagination="171 - 264" refId="ref5520" refString="Becker, T. (1895) Dipterologische Studien II, Sapromyzidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 40, 171 - 264, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1895">Becker, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC8EAF8E49834F8BE" box="[991,1091,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">undulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDB7E2BCF79F8EB98A3F8BE" author="Merz, B." box="[1100,1236,1816,1840]" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" pagination="185 - 194" refId="ref5662" refString="Merz, B. (2007) A new Sapromyza Fallen, 1810 from the Swiss Alps (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114 (2), 185 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 80394" type="journal article" year="2007">Merz, 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCFD7F8EA994CF8BE" box="[1250,1339,1817,1840]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">unizona</emphasis>
Hendel, 1908].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDB7E2CCBF2F8AC98CCFDB3" blockId="2.[151,1436,1564,2021]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,645]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="42" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">
The most important and easily appreciated characters to separate these two genera are in the structure of the head. The frons in all groups of 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BCAC8F8769E0EF812" box="[509,633,1925,1948]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Sapromyza</emphasis>
is flat whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BC870F8779FCCF813" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[837,955,1924,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC870F8779FCCF813" box="[837,955,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the orbits are raised above the plane of the rest of the frons and they are broad. At approximately the junction of the anterior third of the frons with the middle third there is a transverse depression in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDB7E2BC967F83F9EBFF86B" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[594,712,1996,2021]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDB7E2BC967F83F9EBFF86B" box="[594,712,1996,2021]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="39">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, such that the plane of the anterior third is at a small angle to the plane of the rest of the frons. This is best seen in profile. The mid frontal stripe is generally easily seen when the frons is viewed from certain angles. It is almost parallel-sided in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CC8BFFF4F9877FF5B" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[906,1024,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CC8BFFF4F9877FF5B" box="[906,1024,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but narrowing toward the lunule in 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCBA2FF139D64FF79" box="[151,275,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza</emphasis>
. The face in 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCA9EFF139E50FF79" box="[427,551,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza</emphasis>
is flat or very slightly concave when viewed in profile whereas in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCE10FF2C99ECFF76" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[1317,1435,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCE10FF2C99ECFF76" box="[1317,1435,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
this is convex to a greater or lesser extent. In the lower part of the face, approximately where the lower third meets the middle third, there is a shallow transverse groove, more pronounced at the sides, in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCFA0FED4997CFECE" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[1173,1291,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCFA0FED4997CFECE" box="[1173,1291,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but no such transverse facial division in 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCAE7FEBE9E3AFEEA" box="[466,589,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza</emphasis>
. This groove lies a little above the junction of the face with the clypeus and care must be taken not to confuse the two. The degree of pollinosity (anywhere on the body, not just on the head) or otherwise is not a reliable feature to separate these two genera although it is true that most species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCE10FE6799ECFE23" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[1317,1435,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCE10FE6799ECFE23" box="[1317,1435,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have more extensive shiny areas on the face and frons than do most species of 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCF34FE4B980AFE41" box="[1025,1149,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza</emphasis>
. However, in both genera there can be significant intraspecific variablity of this character. The frons is distinctly setulose in 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCFC1FE2E9918FE7A" box="[1268,1391,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza</emphasis>
but bare or with very few and minute setulae in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CC94AFE0C9E82FD96" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[639,757,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CC94AFE0C9E82FD96" box="[639,757,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The scutellum is flat or nearly so in 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCFA7FDF3997AFD99" box="[1170,1293,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza</emphasis>
but never so in 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCB81FDD79D5DFDB3" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[180,298,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCB81FDD79D5DFDB3" box="[180,298,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where it is distinctly and smoothly convex in its transverse and longitudinal axis.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF206661FFDA7E2ACBA2F84E99E2F85A" box="[151,1429,1981,2004]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617655/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" startId="3.[151,264,1981,2004]" targetBox="[151,1437,193,1960]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDA7E2ACBA2F84E99E2F85A" blockId="3.[151,1429,1981,2004]" box="[151,1429,1981,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDA7E2ACBA2F84E9D4DF85D" bold="true" box="[151,314,1981,2004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">FIGURES 4–6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDA7E2ACA75F84D9E4CF85A" authorityName="Ebejer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[320,571,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDA7E2ACA75F84D9E4CF85A" box="[320,571,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="40">Calliopum tuberculosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male terminalia, 4) lateral, 5) same, posterior, 6) same ventral. Scale bar = 0.65 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF206661FFDD7E2DCBA2F84E9CC8F87C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617657/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" startId="4.[151,264,1981,2004]" targetBox="[151,1437,193,1960]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDD7E2DCBA2F84E9CC8F87C" blockId="4.[151,1435,1981,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDD7E2DCBA2F84E9D42F85D" bold="true" box="[151,309,1981,2004]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">FIGURES 7–9</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDD7E2DCA71F84D9E37F85A" authorityName="Ebejer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[324,576,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDD7E2DCA71F84D9E37F85A" box="[324,576,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Calliopum tuberculosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female terminalia, 7) lateral, 8) same, posterior, 9) same, dorsal. Scale bar = 0.65 mm
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDC7E2CCBF2FDB49DA8FD0A" blockId="5.[151,1436,151,645]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
The characters present in various combinations in species of 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CC847FDBB9F9AFDD1" box="[882,1005,584,607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza</emphasis>
versus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCF76FDB498CEFDEE" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[1091,1209,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCF76FDB498CEFDEE" box="[1091,1209,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are tabulated below and illustrated in 
<figureCitation id="13642A6CFFDC7E2CCA6FFD9F9DACFD0A" box="[346,475,620,645]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 10–13" captionStart-1="FIGURES 14–16" captionStart-2="FIGURES 17–20" captionStart-3="FIGURES 21–24" captionStart-4="FIGURES 25–27" captionStart-5="FIGURES 28–30" captionStartId-0="6.[151,264,1546,1569]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,264,1161,1184]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,264,1889,1912]" captionStartId-3="9.[151,264,1112,1135]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,264,1660,1683]" captionStartId-5="10.[151,264,886,909]" captionTargetBox-0="[340,1248,621,1525]" captionTargetBox-1="[331,1256,193,1130]" captionTargetBox-2="[319,1268,951,1857]" captionTargetBox-3="[330,1257,193,1084]" captionTargetBox-4="[191,1395,1185,1630]" captionTargetBox-5="[242,1345,373,854]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[340,1248,621,1537]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[331,1256,193,1140]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[319,1268,951,1867]" captionTargetId-3="figure@9.[330,1257,193,1092]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[191,1395,1185,1639]" captionTargetId-5="figure@10.[242,1345,373,866]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="9" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionText-0="FIGURES 10–13. Lauxaniidae heads, lateral, 10) Calliopum simillimum, 11) C. tuberculosum, 12) C. hispanicum, 13) Sapromyza obsoleta." captionText-1="FIGURES 14–16. Calliopum frons, dorsal, with the orbital plate and border of ocellar triangle (with mesofrons) outlined in white lines on the left except 15 where demarcations are self-evident. 14) C. simillimum, 15) C. hispanicum, 16) C. tuberculosum." captionText-2="FIGURES 17–20. Sapromyza frons, dorsal, with the orbital plate and border of ocellar triangle (with mesofrons) outlined in white lines on the left. 17) S. gozmanyi, 18) S. quadricincta, 19) S. obscuripennis, 20) S. obsoleta." captionText-3="FIGURES 21–24. Sapromyza face, frontal, 21) S. gozmanyi, 22) S. quadricincta, 23) S. obscuripennis, 24) S. obsoleta." captionText-4="FIGURES 25–27. Calliopum face, frontal, 25) C. simillimum, 26) C. hispanicum, 27) C. tuberculosum." captionText-5="FIGURES 28–30. Scutellum, dorsal, 28) Sapromyza obscuripennis, 29) S. gozmani, 30) Calliopum tuberculosum." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2617659/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2617661/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2617663/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/2617665/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/2617667/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/2617669/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Figs 10–30</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDC7E2CCBAAFD5398DAFBF5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<table id="F95FC449FFDC81D6CBAAFD5399FCFBF5" box="[159,1419,672,1147]" gridcols="3" gridrows="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<tr id="356F34ABFFDC81D6CBAAFD5399FCFD38" box="[159,1419,672,694]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CBAAFD539DEBFD38" box="[159,412,672,694]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Characters</th>
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CAF6FD539F02FD38" box="[451,885,672,694]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza</th>
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6C886FD5399FCFD38" box="[947,1419,672,694]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CC886FD539869FD38" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[947,1054,672,694]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Calliopum</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356F34ABFFDC81D6CBAAFD3A99FCFD51" box="[159,1419,713,735]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CBAAFD3A9DEBFD51" box="[159,412,713,735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">frons</th>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CAF6FD3A9F02FD51" box="[451,885,713,735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">flat</td>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6C886FD3A99FCFD51" box="[947,1419,713,735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">with raised areas</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356F34ABFFDC81D6CBAAFD0199FCFC86" box="[159,1419,754,776]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CBAAFD019F02FC86" box="[159,885,754,776]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">transverse division of frons absent</th>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6C886FD0199FCFC86" box="[947,1419,754,776]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356F34ABFFDC81D6CBAAFCEF99FCFCDE" box="[159,1419,796,848]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CBAAFCEF9DEBFCDE" box="[159,412,796,848]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">frontal setulae</th>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CAF6FCEF9F02FCDE" box="[451,885,796,848]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">present and usually numerous and distinct</td>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6C886FCEF99FCFCDE" box="[947,1419,796,848]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">absent (occasionally a very few minute setulae can be found)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356F34ABFFDC81D6CBAAFC9799FCFC16" box="[159,1419,868,920]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CBAAFC979DEBFC16" box="[159,412,868,920]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">face</th>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CAF6FC979F02FC16" box="[451,885,868,920]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">flat and pollinose</td>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6C886FC9799FCFC16" box="[947,1419,868,920]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">convex to a variable degree and with at least some shiny areas</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356F34ABFFDC81D6CBAAFC5F99FCFC4C" box="[159,1419,940,962]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CBAAFC5F9DEBFC4C" box="[159,412,940,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">transverse facial division</th>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CAF6FC5F9F02FC4C" box="[451,885,940,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">absent</td>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6C886FC5F99FCFC4C" box="[947,1419,940,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356F34ABFFDC81D6CBAAFC2699FCFB84" box="[159,1419,981,1034]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CBAAFC269DEBFB84" box="[159,412,981,1034]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">mid frontal vitta</th>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CAF6FC269F02FB84" box="[451,885,981,1034]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">much broader than ocellar triangle and becoming significantly narrower anteriorly</td>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6C886FC2699FCFB84" box="[947,1419,981,1034]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">as wide as ocellar triangle and more or less parallel-sided</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356F34ABFFDC81D6CBAAFBEE99FCFBDC" box="[159,1419,1053,1106]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CBAAFBEE9DEBFBDC" box="[159,412,1053,1106]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">orbits</th>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CAF6FBEE9F02FBDC" box="[451,885,1053,1106]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">narrow, pollinose and at most very slightly raised above frontal plane</td>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6C886FBEE99FCFBDC" box="[947,1419,1053,1106]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">broad, partly or completely shiny and usually clearly raised above plane of frons</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356F34ABFFDC81D6CBAAFB9699FCFBF5" box="[159,1419,1125,1147]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<th id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CBAAFB969DEBFBF5" box="[159,412,1125,1147]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">scutellum</th>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6CAF6FB969F02FBF5" box="[451,885,1125,1147]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">usually with flat area on disc</td>
<td id="76BE5DD7FFDC81D6C886FB9699FCFBF5" box="[947,1419,1125,1147]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">always distinctly convex</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDC7E2CCBF2FB349F7AF9C9" blockId="5.[151,1437,1222,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
On the basis of the above interpretation of characters 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CC879FB349F87FB51" box="[844,1008,1222,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CC879FB349F87FB51" box="[844,1008,1222,1247]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would fit much better in the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCBA2FB199D7AFA8D" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,269,1258,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCBA2FB199D7AFA8D" box="[151,269,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. There are clear transverse divisions of the frons and face, the latter with shiny lower lateral corners, and not to be confused with the division between the face and the clypeus, which junction lies ventral to the true facial division. The orbital plates are raised, broad and incompletely pollinose. The mid frontal vitta is broad and more or less parallel-sided. The terminalia do not appear to give clear distinguishing ground-plan characters that help to separate these two genera. For example, 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CC941FA889F54FA1D" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1805" box="[628,803,1402,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="geniculatum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CC941FA889F54FA1D" box="[628,803,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. geniculatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the male terminalia resembling those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCE03FA8899E2FA1C" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[1334,1429,1403,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Minettia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCE03FA8899E2FA1C" box="[1334,1429,1403,1426]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Minettia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas the male terminalia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CC921FA6C9EA5FA39" authorityName="Ebejer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[532,722,1438,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosum">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CC921FA6C9EA5FA39" box="[532,722,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. tuberculosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble those of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CC889FA6C9854FA39" baseAuthorityName="Meigen" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[956,1059,1438,1463]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elisae">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CC889FA6C9854FA39" box="[956,1059,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">C. elisae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Indeed, this problem was also recognised for the genera 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCAF0FA319E4CFA55" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[453,571,1474,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCAF0FA319E4CFA55" box="[453,571,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CC94DFA309E95FA54" authorityName="Latreille, Sapromyza Fallen" authorityYear="1804" box="[632,738,1475,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Lauxania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CC94DFA309E95FA54" box="[632,738,1475,1498]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Lauxania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
where there appear to be two similar character states of the terminalia across both genera (
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDC7E2CCAC1FA149F60FA71" author="Perusse, J. R. &amp; Wheeler, T. A." box="[500,791,1510,1535]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" pagination="411 - 427" refId="ref5869" refString="Perusse, J. R. &amp; Wheeler, T. A. (2000) Revision of the Nearctic Species of Lauxania (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 132, 411 - 427. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 132411 - 4" type="journal article" year="2000">Perusse &amp; Wheeler 2000</bibRefCitation>
). However, this was a study of Nearctic species whereas above I already noted some morphological differences between the Palaearctic and Nearctic 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCFCEF9F89912F9AC" authorityName="Latreille, Sapromyza Fallen" authorityYear="1804" box="[1275,1381,1547,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Lauxania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCFCEF9F89912F9AC" box="[1275,1381,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Lauxania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCBA2F9DD9D7AF9C9" authorityName="Strand" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,269,1582,1607]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCBA2F9DD9D7AF9C9" box="[151,269,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as given in the respective identification keys.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDC7E2CCBF2F9A19FF6F891" blockId="5.[151,1437,1222,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
Species of 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCA76F9A09DC8F9E4" box="[323,447,1619,1642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza</emphasis>
have very diverse ground plans of the terminalia. Detailed study of these might help in the separation of species groups, subgenera or even in establishing new genera. However, caution is required here as synapomorphies in terminalia can be difficult to establish. This suggests that future phylogenetic work to address relationships between these three genera and among species within each genus should include at least species from the whole Holarctic Region to represent also the diverse species groups. This work would require the combined approach of morphological and molecular investigation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDC7E2CCBF2F8D99FE9F8CD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1222,1859]" box="[199,926,1834,1859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">The proposed changes in nomenclature and synonymy thus read:</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456562FFDC7E2CCBA2F8819E6EF821" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDC7E2CCBA2F8819EABF804" blockId="5.[151,1038,1906,2003]" box="[151,732,1906,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCBA2F8819E2EF805" authority="(Becker, 1895)" authorityName="Ebejer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[151,601,1906,1931]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosum" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCBA2F8819DDCF805" box="[151,427,1906,1931]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Calliopum tuberculosum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDC7E2CCA8FF8819E26F805" author="Becker, T." box="[442,593,1906,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" pagination="171 - 264" refId="ref5520" refString="Becker, T. (1895) Dipterologische Studien II, Sapromyzidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 40, 171 - 264, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1895">Becker, 1895</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2185780FFDC7E2CC955F8819EABF804" box="[608,732,1906,1931]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDC7E2CCBA2F8649E6EF821" blockId="5.[151,1038,1906,2003]" box="[151,537,1942,1967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCBA2F8649D1CF821" box="[151,363,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">Sapromyza didyma</emphasis>
Pandellé, 1902
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456562FFDC7E2FCBA2F8489879FF5A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDC7E2CCBA2F8489879F85D" blockId="5.[151,1038,1906,2003]" box="[151,1038,1978,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">
- junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDC7E2CCAA9F8489EA0F85D" authority="Becker, 1895" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1895" box="[412,727,1978,2003]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDC7E2CCAA9F8489E4CF85D" box="[412,571,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="42">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDC7E2CC976F8499EA0F85D" author="Becker, T." box="[579,727,1978,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" pagination="171 - 264" refId="ref5520" refString="Becker, T. (1895) Dipterologische Studien II, Sapromyzidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 40, 171 - 264, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1895">Becker, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
established by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDC7E2CC8B0F8489879F85D" author="Papp, L." box="[901,1038,1979,2003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="42" pagination="159 - 186" refId="ref5744" refString="Papp, L. (1981) New species and taxonomical data of the Palaearctic Lauxaniidae and Carnidae. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 27 (1 - 2), 159 - 186." type="journal article" year="1981">Papp (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FF6B9E63FF3E" blockId="6.[151,1181,151,464]" box="[151,532,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCBA2FF6B9D10FF3E" box="[151,359,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Sapromyza inculta</emphasis>
Pandellé, 1902
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FF4E9879FF5A" blockId="6.[151,1181,151,464]" box="[151,1038,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
- junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDF7E2FCAA9FF4E9EA0FF5B" authority="Becker, 1895" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1895" box="[412,727,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCAA9FF4E9E4CFF5B" box="[412,571,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FC976FF4F9EA0FF5B" author="Becker, T." box="[579,727,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="171 - 264" refId="ref5520" refString="Becker, T. (1895) Dipterologische Studien II, Sapromyzidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 40, 171 - 264, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1895">Becker, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
established by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FC8B0FF4E9879FF5A" author="Papp, L." box="[901,1038,188,212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="159 - 186" refId="ref5744" refString="Papp, L. (1981) New species and taxonomical data of the Palaearctic Lauxaniidae and Carnidae. Acta Zoologica Hungarica, 27 (1 - 2), 159 - 186." type="journal article" year="1981">Papp (1981)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456562FFDF7E2FCBA2FF1398EAFE22" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FF139E28FF76" blockId="6.[151,1181,151,464]" box="[151,607,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F11C7FFDF7E2FCBA2FF139E28FF76" box="[151,607,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCBA2FF139D64FF79" box="[151,275,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Sapromyza</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDF7E2FCA2CFF2C9E28FF76" authority="Becker, 1907: 383" authorityName="Becker" authorityPageNumber="383" authorityYear="1907" box="[281,607,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculipes">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCA2CFF2C9DFDFF76" box="[281,394,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">maculipes</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFE10F8FFDF7E2FCAA7FF2C9E28FF76" author="Becker, T." box="[402,607,223,248]" page="383" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FCAA7FF2C9E5DFF76" author="Becker, T." box="[402,554,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="369 - 407" refId="ref5546" refString="Becker, T. (1907) Die Ergebnisse maainer dipterologischen Fruhjahrsreise nach Algier und Tunis 1906. Zeitschrift fur systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 7, 369 - 407." type="journal article" year="1907">Becker, 1907</bibRefCitation>
: 383
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FEF69F9FFE92" blockId="6.[151,1181,151,464]" box="[151,1000,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
- junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDF7E2FCAA9FEF69EC6FE92" authority="Haliday, 1833" authorityName="Haliday. He" authorityYear="1833" box="[412,689,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCAA9FEF69E7AFE93" box="[412,525,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">S. sordida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FC921FEF79EC6FE92" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[532,689,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="147 - 180" refId="ref5631" refString="Haliday, A. H. (1833) Catalogue of Diptera occurring about Holywood in Downshire. The Entomological magazine, 1 (2), 147 - 180." type="journal article" year="1833">Haliday, 1833</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
established by 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FC86AFEF69F9FFE92" author="Papp, L." box="[863,1000,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="213 - 231" refId="ref5713" refString="Papp, L. (1978) Contribution to the Revision of the Palaearctic Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 70, 213 - 231." type="journal article" year="1978">Papp (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FEDB9E66FECE" blockId="6.[151,1181,151,464]" box="[151,529,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCBA2FEDB9D64FEB1" box="[151,275,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Sapromyza</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDF7E2FCA2CFED49E66FECE" authority="Haliday, 1833" authorityName="Haliday. He" authorityYear="1833" box="[281,529,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCA2CFED49D1AFECE" box="[281,365,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">sordida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FCA41FED49E66FECE" author="Haliday, A. H." box="[372,529,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="147 - 180" refId="ref5631" refString="Haliday, A. H. (1833) Catalogue of Diptera occurring about Holywood in Downshire. The Entomological magazine, 1 (2), 147 - 180." type="journal article" year="1833">Haliday, 1833</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FEBE9F3FFEEB" blockId="6.[151,1181,151,464]" box="[151,840,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
- primary homonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDF7E2FCA88FEBE9F32FEEB" authority=", Wiedemann, 1830: 456" authorityName=", Wiedemann" authorityPageNumber="456" authorityYear="1830" box="[445,837,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCA88FEBE9E5AFEEB" box="[445,557,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">S. sordida</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FC909FEBF9F7BFEEA" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[572,780,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refId="ref6152" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Ausser Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Uol. 2. in der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, 684 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830</bibRefCitation>
: 456
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FE839E5BFE06" blockId="6.[151,1181,151,464]" box="[151,556,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCBA2FE839D64FE09" box="[151,275,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Sapromyza</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDF7E2FCA2CFE9C9E5BFE06" authority="Shatalkin, 2000" authorityName="Shatalkin" authorityYear="2000" box="[281,556,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halidayi">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCA2CFE9C9D02FE06" box="[281,373,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">halidayi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FCA49FE9C9E5BFE06" author="Shatalkin, A. I." box="[380,556,367,392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref6057" refString="Shatalkin, A. I. (2000) Keys to the Palaearctic Flies of the Family Lauxaniidae (Diptera). Zoologicheskie Issledovania, Moscow, 5, 1 - 102, figs. 1 - 211." type="journal article" year="2000">Shatalkin, 2000</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FE6698EAFE22" blockId="6.[151,1181,151,464]" box="[151,1181,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
- new name proposed because of primary homonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDF7E2FC87EFE6698EEFE22" authority=", Wiedemann, 1830" authorityName=", Wiedemann" authorityYear="1830" box="[843,1177,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sordida">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FC87EFE669FCCFE23" box="[843,955,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">S. sordida</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FC8FCFE6798EEFE22" author="Wiedemann, C. R. W." box="[969,1177,404,429]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" refId="ref6152" refString="Wiedemann, C. R. W. (1830) Ausser Aussereuropaische zweiflugelige Insekten. Uol. 2. in der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, 684 pp., 10 pls." type="book" year="1830">Wiedemann, 1830</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456562FFDF7E2FCBA2FE4B9CA5FDB2" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FE4B9FDAFE5E" blockId="6.[151,1181,151,464]" box="[151,941,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
- here proposed as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDF7E2FC946FE4B9FDAFE5E" authority="Becker, 1895" authorityName="Becker" authorityYear="1895" box="[627,941,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Sapromyzosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosa">
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FC946FE4B9F65FE5E" box="[627,786,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">S. tuberculosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B18FFDF7E2FC82CFE449FDAFE5E" author="Becker, T." box="[793,941,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43" pagination="171 - 264" refId="ref5520" refString="Becker, T. (1895) Dipterologische Studien II, Sapromyzidae. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 40, 171 - 264, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1895">Becker, 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBF2FE0C99EBFD96" blockId="6.[151,1436,511,572]" box="[199,1436,511,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">
The terminalia of 
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D6AFFDF7E2FCAA6FDF39E3CFD96" authorityName="Ebejer" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Becker" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[403,587,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Lauxaniidae" genus="Calliopum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberculosum">
C. 
<emphasis id="B92BEAFBFFDF7E2FCA81FE0C9E3CFD96" box="[436,587,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">tuberculosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not illustrated. Figures of these in both sexes are provided here (
<figureCitation id="13642A6CFFDF7E2FCE5FFE0C99EBFD96" box="[1386,1436,511,536]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 4–6" captionStart-1="FIGURES 7–9" captionStartId-0="3.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,264,1981,2004]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1437,193,1960]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1437,193,1960]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1437,193,1960]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1437,193,1960]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURES 4–6. Calliopum tuberculosum, male terminalia, 4) lateral, 5) same, posterior, 6) same ventral. Scale bar = 0.65 mm" captionText-1="FIGURES 7–9. Calliopum tuberculosum, female terminalia, 7) lateral, 8) same, posterior, 9) same, dorsal. Scale bar = 0.65 mm" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2617655/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2617657/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">Figs</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE036E9FFDF7E2FCBA2FDD79CA5FDB2" blockId="6.[151,1436,511,572]" box="[151,210,548,572]" pageId="6" pageNumber="43">4–9).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>