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<document id="2792D89957ECB0B8FE0917F797F3C486" ID-CLB-Dataset="5673" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.757.1421" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3b98f62b-8461-4005-a418-51cf1e3b44f3" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075772" ID-ZooBank="5931D88B-70AB-4553-A023-59B23472C1DE" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625579837669" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Azmaz, Musa &amp; Katilmiş, Yusuf" docDate="2021" docId="03F68783FFD28C658DD0FA2BFC76FC19" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-757_152-168.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 757" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.757.1421" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Phanacis urhani Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9804711C-52E3-4E4B-989B-A8C0A912F011" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="167" masterDocId="FFCFFFFBFFD88C6A8F52FF85FFB5FFB5" masterDocTitle="Three new species of herb gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="152" pageNumber="162" updateTime="1699025882121" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
<mods:mods id="20DA816E226A3D0078F246891CDCA247" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="C60BD1907C4D12C30A29B89F2442EF99">
<mods:title id="F3261D3C1C8ED128BE938BA8A142C879">Three new species of herb gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) from Turkey</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D946D506E8964DCA424101DB19664137" type="personal">
<mods:role id="DF1666CDA355696D8A8FCD255CC28176">
<mods:roleTerm id="BB881A44F4254A6D6D92A70C2ED81C59">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="25D7A86780BE02D6E89966E9F303BB0B">Azmaz, Musa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D1433475E759895A298D2234C56E318" type="LSID">1F3AEDFB-9464-465C-92E9-8096D05D2992</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="88DCB20890721E442AAA7441E6409E40">Laborant &amp; Veterinary Health Program, Department of Veterinary, Acıpayam Vocational High School, Pamukkale University, Acıpayam, Denizli, Turkey.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9BE6DAF7A1AB0B688E20E702484D0DC2" type="email">musazmaz@pau.edu.tr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="EEA4F87C3D718910DCC82A484FD16DF2">
<mods:roleTerm id="68CC8F93BEEB1AB1E5221D7D8F1AF60C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A7BD68C0B72B87364BF8EC7C8532A6A9">Katilmiş, Yusuf</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7D86D30782713B30F9EF61079A9480B" type="LSID">DB75240C-1FCF-431F-B35A-DEB03A4A45AD</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="35C05F064C7EED4E274C1A9FA21C2271">Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts &amp; Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9555ABBC0CE5818D3E62A4F632A48CF8" type="email">ykatilmis@pau.edu.tr</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="85EA6DB9952855A037725521AA51107C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1F7B9AA9765A9629C4D08765FA3CE5C7">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="C19C8F3EE07839C4A5C070A44A637F74">
<mods:date id="5F1AD9A4F13F9017953E9FEB5009B399">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="4AA73769206F145DC4D98FC350BBF296" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="6EA169609EF24A241F3441416AC55AD7">2021-07-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="155D5D32AD60D82D6297A22648CDF7C9" type="volume">
<mods:number id="460E73838A0AACED965A45811E02E79D">757</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="E02AFC4174B5FF41BCF691C8E2811FD8">http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.757.1421</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="0B0FBB9270ADC822A66475A4D79E75D7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="39256D0EDFC1186BBC566C2D54E7CB87" type="CLB-Dataset">5673</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FF588879F5690E0D1E30B657444F9A2E" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2021.757.1421</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F68783FFD28C658DD0FA2BFC76FC19" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5076157" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183392424" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5076157" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9804711C-52E3-4E4B-989B-A8C0A912F011" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F68783FFD28C658DD0FA2BFC76FC19" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">
<subSubSection id="C345651EFFD28C608DD0FA2BFC04FA7C" box="[642,945,1454,1481]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD28C608DD0FA2BFC04FA7C" blockId="10.[373,1214,1454,1552]" box="[642,945,1454,1481]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="D0A881F9FFD28C608DD0FA2BFC04FA7C" box="[642,945,1454,1481]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD28C608DD0FA2BFCFAFA7C" authority="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş, 2021" authorityName="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş" authorityYear="2021" box="[642,847,1454,1481]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urhani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD28C608DD0FA2BFCFAFA7C" bold="true" box="[642,847,1454,1481]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">Phanacis urhani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857FCFFD28C608C05FA2AFC04FA7C" box="[855,945,1455,1481]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345651EFFD28C608E27FA57FCF8F9A5" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD28C608E27FA57FB0BFA58" blockId="10.[373,1214,1454,1552]" box="[373,1214,1490,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">
<uri id="FFCE3A97FFD28C608E27FA57FB0BFA58" box="[373,1214,1490,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFF90C40FFD28C608DC1FA57FB0BFA58" box="[659,1214,1490,1517]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">9804711C-52E3-4E4B-989B-A8C0A912F011</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD28C608DB5FA70FCF8F9A5" blockId="10.[373,1214,1454,1552]" box="[743,845,1525,1552]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">
<figureCitation id="13642A10FFD28C608DB5FA70FCF8F9A5" box="[743,845,1525,1552]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="12.[188,230,1963,1989]" captionStartId-1="13.[191,234,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox-0="[189,1399,566,1902]" captionTargetBox-1="[189,1399,638,1910]" captionTargetId-0="figure-112@12.[189,1399,566,1902]" captionTargetId-1="figure-116@13.[189,1399,638,1910]" captionTargetPageId-0="12" captionTargetPageId-1="13" captionText-0="Fig. 7. Phanacis urhani sp. nov., ♀. a. Head in anterior view. b. Mesosoma in dorsal view. c. Metasoma in lateral view. d. Head in dorsal view. e. Scutum in dorsal view. f. Scutellum in dorsal view." captionText-1="Fig. 8. Phanacis urhani sp. nov., ♀. a. Mesosoma in lateral view. b. Mesopleuron. c. Mesosoma in posterior view. d. Antenna. e. Leg. f. Radial cell of forewing." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075786" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075788" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5075786/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5075788/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">Figs 7–8</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345651EFFD28C608FEFF9B2FED2F8CD" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD28C608FEFF9B2FE83F9E4" blockId="10.[189,310,1591,1617]" box="[189,310,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="D0A881F9FFD28C608FEFF9B2FE83F9E4" bold="true" box="[189,310,1591,1617]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD28C608FEFF9B2FE83F9E4" bold="true" box="[189,310,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD28C608FEFF9E3FED2F8CD" blockId="10.[188,1399,1638,1912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">
Together with
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD28C608E31F9E3FDF3F935" baseAuthorityName="Hedicke" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[355,582,1638,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caulicola">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD28C608E31F9E3FDF3F935" box="[355,582,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">Phanacis caulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD28C608D2CF9E2FC40F935" authority="(Kieffer, 1887)" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Kieffer" baseAuthorityYear="1887" box="[638,1013,1638,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hypochoeridis">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD28C608D2CF9E2FCF7F935" box="[638,834,1638,1664]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">P. hypochoeridis</emphasis>
(Kieffer, 1887)
</taxonomicName>
form a group of species in which scutellar foveae separated by a central carina; radial cell partially opened along wing margin. Most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD28C608EDCF928FDACF972" baseAuthorityName="Hedicke" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[398,537,1709,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caulicola">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD28C608EDCF928FDACF972" box="[398,537,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">P. caulicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD28C608D26F928FD6AF972" authority="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş, 2021" authorityName="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş" authorityYear="2021" box="[628,735,1709,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urhani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD28C608D26F928FD6AF972" box="[628,735,1709,1735]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">P. urhani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857FCFFD28C608DB5F928FCF7F972" box="[743,834,1709,1735]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
POL 1.8 times as long as OOL and 3.6 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus; notauli extending to half-length of scutum; median mesoscutal line absent; areolet distinct, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD28C608D11F971FCA5F8BB" authority="POL" authorityName="POL" box="[579,784,1779,1806]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caulicola">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD28C608D11F971FD65F8B8" box="[579,720,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">P. caulicola</emphasis>
POL
</taxonomicName>
1.2 times as long as OOL and 3.0 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus; notauli distinctly impressed only in posterior half, reaching pronotum but very indistinct, shallow; median mesoscutal line usually longer, reaching at least to ⅓ of scutum length; areolet absent.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345651EFFD28C608FEFF825FC26F85D" box="[189,915,1952,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD28C608FEFF825FEF1F80F" blockId="10.[189,324,1952,1978]" box="[189,324,1952,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">
<heading id="D0A881F9FFD28C608FEFF825FEF1F80F" bold="true" box="[189,324,1952,1978]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="162" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD28C608FEFF825FEF1F80F" bold="true" box="[189,324,1952,1978]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD28C608FEFF84AFC26F85D" blockId="10.[189,915,1998,2025]" box="[189,915,1998,2025]" pageId="10" pageNumber="162">In honour of Prof. Dr Raşit Urhan who is a senior acarologist.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345651EFFD38C618FEFFE8CFBFAFDAA" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FEFFE8CFED9FE97" blockId="11.[189,364,264,291]" box="[189,364,264,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<heading id="D0A881F9FFD38C618FEFFE8CFED9FE97" bold="true" box="[189,364,264,291]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD38C618FEFFE8CFED9FE97" bold="true" box="[189,364,264,291]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Type material</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FB8FEB2FEE9FEE4" blockId="11.[189,1401,311,443]" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD38C618FB8FEB2FEE9FEE4" bold="true" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<typeStatus id="54E48837FFD38C618FB8FEB2FEE9FEE4" box="[234,348,311,337]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FEFFEDEFE51FE0E" blockId="11.[189,1401,311,443]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<materialsCitation id="3B373CC8FFD38C618FEFFEDEFE51FE0E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314140302" collectingDate="2019-03-14" collectionCode="PAU" collectorName="M. Azmaz &amp; Y. Katilmis" country="Turkey" elevation="980" latitude="40.7" location="Yolbasi" longLatPrecision="1161" longitude="37.0" municipality="Akkus" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ordu Province">
<collectingCountry id="F3487605FFD38C618FEFFEDEFE86FEC0" box="[189,307,347,373]" name="Turkey" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">TURKEY</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D59FD1CFFD38C618E02FEDEFED2FEC0" box="[336,359,347,373]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="499BF877FFD38C618E2AFEDFFD9DFEC1" box="[376,552,346,372]" country="Turkey" name="Ordu" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Ordu Province</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6B84ACEFFFD38C618D67FEDFFD30FEC1" box="[565,645,346,372]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Akkuş</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8E80604EFFD38C618DC3FEDFFD58FEC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F68783FFD28C658DD0FA2BFC76FC19:8E80604EFFD38C618DC3FEDFFD58FEC1" box="[657,749,346,372]" country="Turkey" latitude="40.7" longLatPrecision="1161" longitude="37.0" municipality="Akkus" name="Yolbasi" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" stateProvince="Ordu Province">Yolbaşı</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5052FFD38C618DA9FEDCFCDCFEC0" box="[763,873,345,373]" degrees="40" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="40.7">40°42′ N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6B5052FFD38C618C25FEDCFC57FEC0" box="[887,994,345,373]" degrees="37" direction="east" minutes="00" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" precision="925" value="37.0">37°00′ E</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="4CA79B70FFD38C618CA3FEDFFB88FEC0" box="[1009,1085,346,373]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="980.0">
<elevation id="0072D1A6FFD38C618CA3FEDFFB88FEC0" box="[1009,1085,346,373]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" unit="m" value="980.0">980 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a.s.l.; ex
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD38C618BE6FEDEFE39FE2D" authority="(Savi) Ten., 1835" authorityName="Ten." authorityYear="1835" baseAuthorityName="Savi" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD38C618BE6FEDEFAC3FEC1" box="[1204,1398,346,373]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Cirsium vulgare</emphasis>
(Savi) Ten., 1835
</taxonomicName>
–36 (
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD38C618E9BFEFBFDE4FE2D" box="[457,593,382,408]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
);
<collectorName id="26AA5343FFD38C618D34FEFBFD54FE2D" box="[614,737,382,408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">M. Azmaz</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="26AA5343FFD38C618C4EFEFBFC17FE22" box="[796,930,381,408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Y. Katılmış</collectorName>
leg.; gall collected
<date id="FFE11055FFD38C618BDCFEFBFA84FE2D" box="[1166,1329,382,408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" value="2019-03-14">
<collectingDate id="EFA5E9BDFFD38C618BDCFEFBFA84FE2D" box="[1166,1329,382,408]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" value="2019-03-14">14 Mar. 2019</collectingDate>
</date>
; adult emerged
<date id="FFE11055FFD38C618E7BFE24FE2DFE0E" box="[297,408,417,443]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" value="2019-07">Jul. 2019</date>
;
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE50FFD38C618EF6FE24FE55FE0E" box="[420,480,417,443]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">PAU</collectionCode>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FB8FE67FED2FE49" blockId="11.[189,1103,482,544]" box="[234,359,482,508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD38C618FB8FE67FED2FE49" bold="true" box="[234,359,482,508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<typeStatus id="54E48837FFD38C618FB8FE67FED2FE49" box="[234,359,482,508]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FEFFD83FBFAFDAA" blockId="11.[189,1103,482,544]" box="[189,1103,517,544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<materialsCitation id="3B373CC8FFD38C618FEFFD83FBFEFDAA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3314140304" box="[189,1099,517,544]" collectionCode="PAU" country="Turkey" location="Ordu Province" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2" stateProvince="Ordu Province" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectingCountry id="F3487605FFD38C618FEFFD83FE86FD95" box="[189,307,518,544]" name="Turkey" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">TURKEY</collectingCountry>
•
<specimenCount id="9D59FD1CFFD38C618E1EFD80FE3AFD95" box="[332,399,517,544]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="499BF877FFD38C618ECFFD80FDF8FDAA" box="[413,589,517,543]" country="Turkey" name="Ordu" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Ordu Province</collectingRegion>
; same collection data as for holotype;
<collectionCode id="ED4EAE50FFD38C618B5DFD80FBFEFDAA" box="[1039,1099,517,543]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">PAU</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345651EFFD38C658FEFFDC3FE8CFE7B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="167" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FEFFDC3FEFBFDD5" blockId="11.[189,334,582,608]" box="[189,334,582,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<heading id="D0A881F9FFD38C618FEFFDC3FEFBFDD5" bold="true" box="[189,334,582,608]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD38C618FEFFDC3FEFBFDD5" bold="true" box="[189,334,582,608]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FB8FDF0FEF0FD3A" blockId="11.[189,441,629,691]" box="[234,325,629,655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD38C618FB8FDF0FEF0FD3A" bold="true" box="[234,325,629,655]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FEFFD1CFE0CFD06" blockId="11.[189,441,629,691]" box="[189,441,665,691]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">LENGTH. 1.8–2.0 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FEFFD5FFCCAFCA2" blockId="11.[187,1399,730,792]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">COLOURATION. Head and mesosoma black, metasoma dark brown. Antennae dark brown, legs light brown to yellowish, with darker coxae. Wing veins distinct, brown.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C678FEFFCBAFD3FFEF3" blockId="11.[189,1398,830,963]" lastBlockId="13.[188,1398,265,327]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="165" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">HEAD. Delicately coriaceous to alutaceous, with uniformly sparse white setae, 1.9–2.0 times as broad as long from above, 1.1 times as broad as high and slightly broader than mesosoma. Gena alutaceous, not broadened behind eye; not visible behind eye in front view. Malar space coriaceous, 0.6–0.7 times as long as height of eye, with delicate striae, radiating from clypeus and nearly reaching inner margin of eye. POL 1.8 times as long as OOL; 2.1 times as long as LOL and 3.6 times as long as diameter of lateral ocellus. Transfacial distance 1.3 times as long as height of eye; diameter of antennal torulus 2.2 times as long as distance between them and 0.7 times as long as distance between torulus and eye margin. Lower face with striae, radiating from clypeus and nearly reaching eye and antennal sockets, median elevated area slightly coriaceous with interrupted striae. Clypeus with striae, very narrow and small; with very indistinct anterior tentorial pits, epistomal sulcus and clypeo-pleurostomal line indistinct, ventral margin nearly straight. Frons, vertex and occiput delicately coriaceous to alutaceous. Postgena alutaceous, with more dense setae than on front of head.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF20661DFFD38C618FECF84BFB4FF85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075784" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075784" box="[190,1274,1998,2025]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075784/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" startId="11.[190,233,1998,2024]" targetBox="[189,1399,1029,1935]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD38C618FECF84BFB4FF85C" blockId="11.[190,1274,1998,2025]" box="[190,1274,1998,2025]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD38C618FECF84BFEB9F85D" bold="true" box="[190,268,1998,2024]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD38C618E41F84BFE7BF85D" authority="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş, 2021" authorityName="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş" authorityYear="2021" box="[275,462,1998,2024]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ciceki" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD38C618E41F84BFE7BF85D" box="[275,462,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Phanacis ciceki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857FCFFD38C618E87F84AFD87F85C" box="[469,562,1999,2025]" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, mature gall on host plant
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD38C618C3BF84AFC6CF85C" box="[873,985,1999,2025]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Picris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="11" pageNumber="163" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD38C618C3BF84AFC05F85D" box="[873,944,1999,2024]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="163">Picris</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
(photos by Y. Katılmış).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF20661DFFD48C668FEEF82EFB77F85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075786" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075786" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075786/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="164" startId="12.[188,230,1963,1989]" targetBox="[189,1399,566,1902]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD48C668FEEF82EFB77F85D" blockId="12.[188,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="12" pageNumber="164">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD48C668FEEF82EFEB2F870" bold="true" box="[188,263,1963,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="164">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD48C668E5CF82EFE79F870" authority="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş, 2021" authorityName="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş" authorityYear="2021" box="[270,460,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="164" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urhani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD48C668E5CF82EFE79F870" box="[270,460,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="164">Phanacis urhani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857FCFFD48C668E80F829FD98F873" box="[466,557,1964,1990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="164" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♀.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD48C668D08F82EFDDCF870" bold="true" box="[602,617,1963,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="164">a</emphasis>
. Head in anterior view.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD48C668C2BF82EFC3CF870" bold="true" box="[889,905,1963,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="164">b</emphasis>
. Mesosoma in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD48C668B94F82EFB66F870" bold="true" box="[1222,1235,1963,1989]" pageId="12" pageNumber="164">c</emphasis>
. Metasoma in lateral view.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD48C668E1DF84BFEEAF85D" bold="true" box="[335,351,1998,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="164">d</emphasis>
. Head in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD48C668D0DF84BFDD9F85D" bold="true" box="[607,620,1998,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="164">e</emphasis>
. Scutum in dorsal view.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD48C668CD5F84BFC24F85D" bold="true" box="[903,913,1998,2024]" pageId="12" pageNumber="164">f</emphasis>
. Scutellum in dorsal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD58C678FEFFEEBFB69FE1E" blockId="13.[189,1399,365,427]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">ANTENNA. 13-segmented, longer than head+mesosoma; pedicel 1.5 times as long as broad; F1 1.9 times as long as pedicel and F1 1.2 times as long as F2, F2 equal F3; placodeal sensilla F2–F11.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD58C648FEFFE56FE63FD7C" blockId="13.[189,1400,466,563]" lastBlockId="14.[189,1399,265,714]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="166" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">MESOSOMA. Convex, longer than high in lateral view, with uniform very sparse white setae. Pronotum uniformly alutaceous dorsally, uniformly delicately coriaceous laterally; anterior margin with more dense setae. Submedian pronotal pits indistinct, in form of transverse impression, medially separated by a narrow carina. Scutum broader than long, 1.6 times as long as scutellum, uniformly coriaceous to alutaceous. Notauli distinctly impressed, extending to half-length of scutum; median mesoscutal line absent; parapsidal lines narrow, extending slightly above tegula level; anterior parallel lines narrow, distinct, extending to ⅓ of scutum length. Scutellum rounded with very sparse setae, as long as broad; dull rugose along sides and posteriorly, more delicately coriaceous towards centre of disk. Scutellar foveae separated by a central carina, indistinctly delimited posteriorly, with irregular longitudinal rugae. Mesopleuron uniformly reticulate; mesopleural triangle reticulate, with setae. Metapleural sulcus reaching mesopleuron above ½ of its height; axillula very narrow wrinkled, with white setae; subaxillular bar smooth, shining, narrower than height of metanotal trough; metapleuron wrinkled, rugose. Dorsellum rugose, very narrowly medially or invisible; ventral impressed area rugose. Propodeum rugose with setae, lateral propodeal carinae subparallel; central propodeal area delicately rugose, with white setae; lateral propodeal area rugose, with dense white setae; propodeal spiracle strongly elevated; nucha with some longitudinal sulci.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF20661DFFD58C678FEDF82EFC3FF85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075788" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075788" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075788/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="165" startId="13.[191,234,1963,1989]" targetBox="[189,1399,638,1910]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD58C678FEDF82EFC3FF85D" blockId="13.[189,1399,1963,2025]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD58C678FEDF82EFEA4F870" bold="true" box="[191,273,1963,1989]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD58C678E4BF82EFE55F870" authority="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş, 2021" authorityName="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,480,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="165" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urhani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD58C678E4BF82EFE55F870" box="[281,480,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">Phanacis urhani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857FCFFD58C678EB9F829FDFEF873" box="[491,587,1964,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, ♀.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD58C678DD3F82EFD25F870" bold="true" box="[641,656,1963,1989]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">a</emphasis>
. Mesosoma in lateral view.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD58C678CBBF82EFC4CF870" bold="true" box="[1001,1017,1963,1989]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">b</emphasis>
. Mesopleuron.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD58C678BE5F82EFB71F870" bold="true" box="[1207,1220,1963,1989]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">c</emphasis>
. Mesosoma in posterior view.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD58C678E20F84BFE37F85D" bold="true" box="[370,386,1998,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">d</emphasis>
. Antenna.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD58C678D52F84BFDB8F85D" bold="true" box="[512,525,1998,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">e</emphasis>
. Leg.
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD58C678D08F84BFDD1F85D" bold="true" box="[602,612,1998,2024]" pageId="13" pageNumber="165">f</emphasis>
. Radial cell of forewing.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD68C648FEFFD74FC51FCE4" blockId="14.[189,1399,753,850]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">FORE WING. Margin with long cilia; R1 reaching wing margin and not extending along margin (open along wing margin), radial cell partially closed, areolet distinct, Rs + M extending to half of distance between areolet and basalis. Tarsal claws narrow, without basal lobe.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF20661DFFD68C648FEFF82EFEFCF85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075790" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5075790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075790/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" startId="14.[189,232,1963,1989]" targetBox="[189,1399,1008,1914]" targetPageId="14">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD68C648FEFF82EFEFCF85C" blockId="14.[189,1398,1963,2025]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD68C648FEFF82EFEBBF870" bold="true" box="[189,270,1963,1989]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD68C648E4BF82EFE6AF870" authority="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş, 2021" authorityName="Azmaz &amp; Katilmiş" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,479,1963,1989]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="urhani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD68C648E4BF82EFE6AF870" box="[281,479,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Phanacis urhani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857FCFFD68C648EB8F829FDFFF873" box="[490,586,1964,1990]" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, mature gall on host plant,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD68C648CC8F829FB58F873" authority="(Savi) Ten." authorityName="Ten." baseAuthorityName="Savi" box="[922,1261,1963,1990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="14" pageNumber="166" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD68C648CC8F829FBE8F870" box="[922,1117,1963,1990]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="166">Cirsium vulgare</emphasis>
(Savi) Ten.
</taxonomicName>
(photos by M. Azmaz).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD78C658FEFFE8CFAB1FEDF" blockId="15.[189,1398,265,362]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">METASOMA. Slightly longer than high in lateral view; metasomal tergite 2 without setae anterolaterally and impunctate; only metasomal tergite 6, subsequent tergites and hypopygium with some indistinct punctures; prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium short, with some short white setae.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD78C658FB8FE14FE9FFE1E" blockId="15.[189,313,401,462]" box="[234,298,401,427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD78C658FB8FE14FE9FFE1E" bold="true" box="[234,298,401,427]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD78C658FEFFE31FE8CFE7B" blockId="15.[189,313,401,462]" box="[189,313,436,462]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345651EFFD78C658FEFFE73FED8FD1F" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD78C658FEFFE73FEA9FDA5" blockId="15.[189,284,502,528]" box="[189,284,502,528]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<heading id="D0A881F9FFD78C658FEFFE73FEA9FDA5" bold="true" box="[189,284,502,528]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD78C658FEFFE73FEA9FDA5" bold="true" box="[189,284,502,528]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Biology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD78C658FEFFDA0FED8FD1F" blockId="15.[189,1399,549,682]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
Only females are known. The adult wasps are known to induce galls on
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD78C658B40FDA0FAC6FD8A" box="[1042,1395,549,575]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD78C658B40FDA0FB67FD8A" box="[1042,1234,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Cirsium vulgare</emphasis>
(Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
. Larvae overwinter in the gall, adults emerge next summer, in July. Another herb gall wasp,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD78C658B9DFDCDFE18FD33" authority="Diakontschuk, 1987" authorityName="Diakontschuk" authorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cirsii">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD78C658B9DFDCDFAC0FDD7" box="[1231,1397,584,610]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Isocolus cirsii</emphasis>
Diakontschuk, 1987
</taxonomicName>
, induces galls in flower heads of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D16FFD78C658C6CFDE9FAC2FD33" authority="Besser ex DC." authorityName="DC." box="[830,1399,619,646]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Cirsium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ukranicum">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD78C658C6CFDE9FB90FD30" box="[830,1061,619,646]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Cirsium ukranicum</emphasis>
Besser ex DC. (Asteraceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B64FFD78C658F97FD0AFED4FD1F" author="Melika G." box="[197,353,655,682]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" pagination="301 - 644" refId="ref6005" refString="Melika G. 2006. Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik Zoologii Supplement 21 (1 - 2): 1 - 300, 301 - 644." type="journal article" year="2006">Melika 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345651EFFD78C658FEFFD55FD0FFCAF" box="[189,698,720,794]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD78C658FEFFD55FEE3FD5F" blockId="15.[189,342,720,746]" box="[189,342,720,746]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<heading id="D0A881F9FFD78C658FEFFD55FEE3FD5F" bold="true" box="[189,342,720,746]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD78C658FEFFD55FEE3FD5F" bold="true" box="[189,342,720,746]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD78C658FEFFD7AFD0FFCAF" blockId="15.[189,698,767,794]" box="[189,698,767,794]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
Currently known only from
<collectingCountry id="F3487605FFD78C658D55FD7AFDEEFCAC" box="[519,603,767,793]" name="Turkey" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="499BF877FFD78C658D39FD7AFD1BFCAF" box="[619,686,767,794]" country="Turkey" name="Ordu" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Ordu</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C345651EFFD78C658FEFFCC5FC76FC19" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD78C658FEFFCC5FED8FCEE" blockId="15.[189,365,832,859]" box="[189,365,832,859]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
<heading id="D0A881F9FFD78C658FEFFCC5FED8FCEE" bold="true" box="[189,365,832,859]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B92BEA87FFD78C658FEFFCC5FED8FCEE" bold="true" box="[189,365,832,859]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Gall structure</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE03695FFD78C658FEFFCEAFC76FC19" blockId="15.[189,1399,879,941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">
The gall is located on the stem (
<figureCitation id="13642A10FFD78C658D66FCEAFDC9FC3C" box="[564,636,879,905]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="14.[189,232,1963,1989]" captionTargetBox="[189,1399,1008,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-224@14.[189,1399,1008,1914]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Fig. 9. Phanacis urhani sp. nov., mature gall on host plant, Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (photos by M. Azmaz)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5075790" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5075790/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="167">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
), in the form of an irregular swelling,
<quantity id="4CA79B70FFD78C658B6CFCEAFB08FC3F" box="[1086,1213,879,906]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="167" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="50.0">50–80 mm</quantity>
long. There are small larval cells in the typical form inside the stem. Multilocular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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