138 lines
16 KiB
XML
138 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="BDBD27E65B147226565A321B947799A7" ID-CLB-Dataset="22331" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddb62273-2007-405c-968b-ebd41b334d22" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3814013" ID-ZooBank="FA9664B5-0439-44E0-BDFA-485CF1C2CCEF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1588834819207" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="James, Helen F." docDate="2020" docId="03B6CA67FFF2FFE2FF3FFAF77EFBF8A5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4772.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4772 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bonasa umbellus " docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="116" masterDocId="FF8FB21FFFF7FFE7FFA8FF967F47FFEA" masterDocTitle="The Irvingtonian Avifauna of Cumberland Bone Cave, Maryland" masterLastPageNumber="131" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="116" updateTime="1698838858463" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D6AF6D8B0BF6D9C631A5B4521F13C7AD">
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<mods:title id="DCBC1B7289766212D4F96A0BD10571B9">The Irvingtonian Avifauna of Cumberland Bone Cave, Maryland</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8F962FA2411F5053DA1FE6D4EE4212DA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C12403C4F3776269755C2B9579556039">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="72E5AD695391A666238985FCF2BC1208">James, Helen F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="674FF06FBAA6FCB5FB39D41B3ACE2436">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="701275EA886754DEC6844D172A14CEF8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CA2CB3AF3F2B2E6C319DA417C24F88E2">
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<mods:date id="A6B179BF4CAF7F9CAD9B35E146750C55">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="531E43F490134AE390792100976FC0CB">2020-05-07</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E815B7462E890B699FF5DA4170A3B004">4772</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="86B33931F36B630A2DAD7C2394A1FD9F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="60D27C36F84A42CF2B4EF11E901959B6" type="CLB-Dataset">22331</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3BE7D6242F0E170FC48E6EE88F44CD97" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4772.1.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C49DE376C6CAD8C8451E79884B928E7D" type="GBIF-Dataset">ddb62273-2007-405c-968b-ebd41b334d22</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="37659EE25E1A6BAEE515EA5025CC36E3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3E7A5DC3C4BC02982E4FC0C6E95F60CA" type="Zenodo-Dep">3814013</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B6CA67FFF2FFE2FF3FFAF77EFBF8A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3815438" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163975538" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3815438" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B6CA67FFF2FFE2FF3FFAF77EFBF8A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B6CA67FFF2FFE2FF3FFAF77EFBF8A5" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
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<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFF2FFE2FF3FFAF77E2EFA96" box="[151,361,1377,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFF2FFE2FF3FFAF77E2EFA96" blockId="5.[151,361,1377,1404]" box="[151,361,1377,1404]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
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<heading id="D0E8CC1DFFF2FFE2FF3FFAF77E2EFA96" bold="true" box="[151,361,1377,1404]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FF3FFAF77E2EFA96" ID-CoL="MH5Q" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[151,361,1377,1404]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Bonasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbellus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FF3FFAF77E2EFA96" bold="true" box="[151,361,1377,1404]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Bonasa umbellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFF2FFE2FF3FFA3E7E60F9C5" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFF2FFE2FF3FFA3E7C2BFA0D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1448,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FF3FFA3E7E41FA29" bold="true" box="[151,262,1448,1475]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B77712CFFF2FFE2FEA6FA3F7C2FFA0D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610671322" collectingDate="1996-10-02" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Trent Spielman" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" specimenCode="PAL 641979" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="ED0EE3B4FFF2FFE2FEA6FA3F7E18FA29" box="[270,351,1449,1475]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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<specimenCode id="DBB9D30AFFF2FFE2FECFFA3F7EBFFA29" box="[359,504,1449,1475]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="Museum">PAL 641979</specimenCode>
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, l tarsometatarsus: shaft lacking the trochleae and proximal articular surfaces, collected by
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<collectorName id="26EA1EA7FFF2FFE2FEACFA5B7EF4FA0D" box="[260,435,1485,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Trent Spielman</collectorName>
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, probably on
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<date id="FFA15DB1FFF2FFE2FDE4FA5B7C46FA0D" box="[588,769,1485,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" value="1996-10-02">
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<collectingDate id="EFE5A459FFF2FFE2FDE4FA5B7C46FA0D" box="[588,769,1485,1511]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" value="1996-10-02">October 2, 1996</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(
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<figureCitation id="132467F4FFF2FFE2FCB8FA5B7C1BFA0D" box="[784,860,1485,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1507,1532]" captionTargetBox="[353,1234,164,1479]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[353,1234,164,1479]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Fossils from Cumberland Bone Cave compared with modern taxa.A) fossil left humerus of Meleagris sp., USNM PAL 641969, caudal aspect; B) left humerus of Meleagris gallopavo, USNM BIRDS 556334 f, caudal aspect; C) fossil left humerus of Meleagris sp., USNM PAL 641067, caudal aspect; D) fossil right femur of Coragyps atratus, USNM PAL 641790, cranial aspect; E) right femur of C. atratus, USNM BIRDS 647499 m, cranial aspect; F) fossil proximal right carpometacarpus of fossil Branta dickeyi, USNM PAL 641972, ventral aspect; G) proximal right carpometacarpus of B. canadensis, USNM BIRDS 488182 m, ventral aspect; H) left tarsometatarsus of Falcipennis canadensis, USNM BIRDS 557527 f, plantar aspect; I) fossil left tarsometatarsus of Bonasa umbellus, USNM PAL 641979, plantar aspect; J) left tarsometatarsus of B. umbellus, USNM BIRDS 600360 f imm., plantar aspect; K) fossil left tarsometatarsus of Ectopistes migratorius, USNM PAL 769090, plantar aspect; L) tarsometatarsus of E. migratorius, USNM BIRDS 292904 (captive), plantar aspect; M) fossil left femur of Megascops guildayi, USNM PAL 769089, caudal aspect; N) left femur of Megascops asio, USNM 623630 f, caudal aspect; O) fossil right ulna of M. guildayi, USNM PAL 641984, ventral aspect; P) right ulna of M. asio, USNM BIRDS 623630 f, ventral aspect; Q) right tarsometatarsus of Perisoreus canadensis, USNM BIRDS 639077 f, dorsal aspect; R) fossil right tarsometatarsus of a species of jay (Corvidae, aff. Perisoreus/Cyanocitta), CM 24274, dorsal aspect; S) fossil right tarsometatarsus of a species of jay (Corvidae, aff. Cyanocitta/Perisoreus), USNM PAL 641989, dorsal aspect; T) right tarsometatarsus of Cyanocitta cyanea, USNM BIRDS 499504 f, dorsal aspect. Scale bar 1, for images A–G, = 2 cm. Scale bar 2, for images H–N, = 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3814015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3814015/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Fig. 1I</figureCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFF2FFE2FF6FFA677E60F9C5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1448,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
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<collectionCode id="ED0EE3B4FFF2FFE2FF6FFA677E5FF9E1" box="[199,280,1521,1547]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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PAL 769092, l tarsometatarsus: shaft lacking most of the plantar surface, collected by Trent Spielman in the 1990s.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFF2FFE2FF6FF9AE7ED6F8C1" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFF2FFE2FF6FF9AE7ED6F8C1" blockId="5.[151,1437,1448,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FF6FF9AE7E1EF9B9" bold="true" box="[199,345,1592,1619]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Description.</emphasis>
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All of the fossils of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FD90F9AF7DFBF9B9" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[568,700,1593,1619]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetraoninae">Tetraoninae</taxonomicName>
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from Cumberland Bone Cave fall within or close to the size range of modern
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FEB9F9C87ED2F99D" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[273,405,1629,1655]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Bonasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbellus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FEB9F9C87ED2F99D" box="[273,405,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">B. umbellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Among New World
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FD2AF9CB7C4EF99D" authorityName="Vigors" authorityYear="1825" box="[642,777,1629,1655]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetraoninae">Tetraoninae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FCBBF9C87C94F99D" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[787,979,1629,1655]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Bonasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbellus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FCBBF9C87C94F99D" box="[787,979,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Bonasa umbellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is much larger than
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FB1DF9C87A35F99D" baseAuthorityName="Richardson" baseAuthorityYear="1831" box="[1205,1394,1629,1655]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Lagopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucura">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FB1DF9C87A35F99D" box="[1205,1394,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Lagopus leucura</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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but considerably smaller than all others except
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FDD7F9177B11F971" box="[639,1110,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FDD7F9177CCEF971" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[639,905,1665,1691]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Falcipennis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="canadensis">Falcipennis canadensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FC3DF9147B11F971" authority="lagopus" box="[917,1110,1665,1691]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Lagopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lagopus">Lagopus lagopus</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FB3CF9147BADF971" baseAuthorityName="Montin" baseAuthorityYear="1781" box="[1172,1258,1666,1691]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Lagopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muta">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FB3CF9147BADF971" box="[1172,1258,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">L. muta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FB50F9147A0BF971" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1819" box="[1272,1356,1666,1691]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Bonasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FB50F9147A0BF971" box="[1272,1356,1666,1691]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Bonasa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FF7CF9307E73F955" box="[212,308,1702,1727]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Lagopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FF7CF9307E73F955" box="[212,308,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Lagopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FEC1F9337EAAF955" authorityName="Elliot" authorityYear="1864" box="[361,493,1701,1727]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Falcipennis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FEC1F9337EAAF955" box="[361,493,1701,1727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Falcipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a proportionately long and slender tarsometatarsus. The two tarsometatarsi listed above are referable to
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FE7BF95C7D10F909" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[467,599,1737,1763]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Bonasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbellus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FE7BF95C7D10F909" box="[467,599,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">B. umbellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on that basis. Note that USNM PAL 641979 appears to be from a full adult and is large compared with some
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<taxonomicName id="4C1F00F2FFF2FFE2FDB3F9787DE6F8ED" authorityName="" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[539,673,1773,1799]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Bonasa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="umbellus">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FDB3F9787DE6F8ED" box="[539,673,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">B. umbellus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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skeletons, but is a good match for USNM BIRDS 641459, a male from
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<collectingRegion id="49DBB593FFF2FFE2FF7BF8877E6DF8C1" box="[211,298,1809,1835]" country="Canada" name="Alberta" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Alberta</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3083BE1FFF2FFE2FE9DF8877ECAF8C1" box="[309,397,1809,1835]" name="Canada" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Canada</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30528FAFFF2FFE2FF6FF8A37EFBF8A5" box="[199,444,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BA07B71FFF2FFE2FF6FF8A37EFBF8A5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1448,1871]" box="[199,444,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
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<emphasis id="B96BA763FFF2FFE2FF6FF8A37E7CF8A5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1845,1871]" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">Remarks.</emphasis>
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See below.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |