681 lines
123 KiB
XML
681 lines
123 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A4F49279715273EF9FF71267BCB82E3B">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B65336FFF73AB031B5AFBEC" authority="(Smitt, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,557,1122,1149]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Mixtoscutella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFF73AB0318F3FBED" bold="true" box="[151,388,1122,1149]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Mixtoscutella ovata</emphasis>
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(Smitt, 1868)
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B65336FFF7BABE61981FB31" box="[159,246,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Figs 27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B65336FFEE6ABE61844FB31" box="[258,307,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 33" captionStartId="93.[151,250,1605,1629]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,211,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-17@93.[151,1436,211,1557]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="FIGURE 33. Type specimens of Rhamphostomella and Mixtoscutella species. A, B. Rhamphostomella sibirica (Kluge, 1929). Lectotype, ZIRAS 1/50730 (Laptev Sea). C, D. Rhamphostomella tatarica (Androsova, 1958). Paratype, ZIRAS 2/3852 (Tatar Strait, Sea of Japan). E, F. Rhamphostomella spinigera Lorenz, 1886. Lectotype, NHMW 92535 (Jan Mayen). G. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). Lectotype, SMNH-Type-9303 (Red Bay, west Spitsbergen, Svalbard and Jan Mayen). H. Mixtoscutella ussowi (Kluge, 1908). Lectotype, ZIRAS 4/2331 (estuary of Mezen River, White Sea). Scale bars: A–F, H, 250 µm; G, 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544595" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544595/files/figure.png" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">33G</figureCitation>
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)
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFF73ABAA184CFB73" box="[151,315,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Cellepora ovata</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFEA5ABAA18B1FB73" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[321,454,1227,1251]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt, 1868a</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 31
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, pl. 28, fig. 197.
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B65336FFF73AB8B1B63FA92" authority=": Smitt 1868 b, p. 485" authorityName=": Smitt" authorityPageNumber="485" authorityYear="1868" box="[151,532,1258,1282]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Celleporidae" genus="Cellepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFF73AB8B184CFA92" box="[151,315,1258,1282]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Cellepora ovata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFEACAB8B18B0FA92" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[328,455,1258,1282]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="443 - 487" refId="ref95400" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 b) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlinger, 24, 443 - 487." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868b</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 485
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B65336FFDFAAB8B1B9AFA92" author="Hincks, T." box="[542,749,1258,1282]" page="105" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1877">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFDFAAB8B1BD5FA92" author="Hincks, T." box="[542,674,1258,1282]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks 1877</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 105
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, pl. 11, fig. 5.
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B65336FFF73AA691BF5FAB1" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[151,642,1288,1313]" page="32" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1906">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B65336FFF73AA691BF5FAB1" ID-CoL="4S3H5" authority=": Nordgaard 1906, p. 32" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityPageNumber="32" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,642,1288,1313]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovata">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFF73AA6918FAFAB0" box="[151,397,1288,1312]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Rhamphostomella ovata</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFE7EAA691B35FAB0" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[410,578,1288,1312]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 32
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</taxonomicName>
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, 41, pl. 4, fig. 56;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B65336FFCD8AA691D75FAB0" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[828,1026,1288,1312]" page="540" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" year="1962">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFCD8AA691AC1FAB0" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[828,950,1288,1312]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 540
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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, fig. 377; 1975, p. 657, fig. 377;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFAB6AA691CEAFAB0" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1362,1437,1288,1312]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="205 - 265" refId="ref93525" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 a) The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 205 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1325" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
1912a, p. 245, pl. 26, fig. 63; 1933, p. 54, pl. 11, figs 5, 6; 1952, p. 432, pl. 50;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFBD7AA461D96FAAF" author="Androsova, E. I." box="[1075,1249,1319,1343]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="90 - 204" refId="ref86122" refString="Androsova, E. I. (1958) Bryozoa of the order Cheilostomata of the northern part of the Sea of Japan. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 5, 90 - 204. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1958">Androsova 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 170, fig. 101;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFF23AA2718E4FACE" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[199,403,1350,1374]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">Gostilovskaya 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 227, fig. 143;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFDA2AA271A24FACE" author="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J." box="[582,851,1350,1374]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref96358" refString="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J. (2012) The marine bryozoans of the northeast coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11, 1 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11688" type="journal article" year="2012">Winston & Hayward 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 121, fig. 77;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFC1DAA271DDEFACE" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[1017,1193,1350,1374]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="172 - 180" refId="ref89825" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (2013) First record of a bathyal bryozoan fauna from the Sea of Japan. Deep-Sea Research II, 86 - 87, 172 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2012.08.003" type="journal article" year="2013">Grischenko 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 177, figs. 1q–r.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B65336FFF73AA041B4DFAED" blockId="82.[151,1437,1227,1405]" box="[151,570,1380,1405]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B65336FFF73AA041B42FAED" authority=": Nordgaard 1918, p. 78" authorityName="Nordgaard" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,565,1380,1405]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Discopora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFF73AA041837FAEC" box="[151,320,1381,1404]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Discopora ovata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFEAAAA051881FAED" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[334,502,1380,1405]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">Nordgaard 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 78
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B65336FFF73AAC31D03F9E2" blockId="82.[151,1437,1442,1650]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFF73AAC318F1FA2A" bold="true" box="[151,390,1442,1466]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Additional references.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B65336FFE6AAAC31A11FA2A" ID-CoL="4S3H5" authority=": Kluge 1908 a, p. 533" authorityName="Kluge" authorityPageNumber="533" authorityYear="1908" box="[398,870,1442,1466]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFE6AAAC31BF3FA2A" box="[398,644,1442,1466]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Rhamphostomella ovata</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFD76AAC31A6FFA2A" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[658,792,1442,1466]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="515 - 540" refId="ref90905" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1908 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen des Weissen Meeres. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 515 - 540." type="journal article" year="1908">Kluge 1908a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 533
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 1928, p. 257; 1929, p. 22; 1961, p. 141;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFAF5AAC31CEFFA2A" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1297,1432,1442,1466]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">Osburn 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 542; 1955, p. 38;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFE70AAA11B17FA48" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[404,608,1472,1496]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 455; 1968, p. 70;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFCDCAAA01AC8FA48" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[824,959,1472,1496]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 40;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFBEEAAA11D89FA48" author="Powell, N. A. & Crowell, G. D." box="[1034,1278,1472,1497]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="331 - 347" refId="ref94844" refString="Powell, N. A. & Crowell, G. D. (1967) Studies on Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of the Bay of Fundy Region. 1. Bryozoa from the intertidal zone of Minas Basin and Bay of Fundy. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 8, 331 - 347." type="journal article" year="1967">Powell & Crowell 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 343;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFAB2AAA1187FFA67" author="Powell, N. A." pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="2269 - 2320" refId="ref94756" refString="Powell, N. A. (1968 a) Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of Arctic Canada. Journal Fishery Research Board Canada, 25, 2269 - 2320. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 68 - 202" type="journal article" year="1968">Powell 1968a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 2312; 1968b, p. 257;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFDEEAABE1BFAFA67" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[522,653,1503,1527]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refId="ref88216" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1980) Bryozoan Fauna of the Order Cheilostomata of the Kuril Islands Coastal Waters. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 226 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1980">Gontar 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 18; 1990, p. 132; 1993b, p. 202; 1994a, p. 145; 2010, p. 153;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFAD4AABE198BF986" author="Denisenko, N. V." pageId="82" pageNumber="83" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 13; 1990, p. 39; 2008, p. 187; 2011, p. 14; 2013, p. 184;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFC80AA9F1D03F986" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[868,1140,1534,1558]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 354; Grishankov 1995, p. 48;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFF14A97D18F3F9A5" author="Kubanin, A. A." box="[240,388,1564,1589]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="119 - 125" refId="ref91614" refString="Kubanin, A. A. (1997) Phylum Tentaculata, subphylum Bryozoa. In: Kussakin, O. G., Ivanova, M. B. & Tsurpalo, A. P. (Eds.), A check-list of Animals, Plants and Fungi from the Intertidal Zone of Far Eastern Seas of Russia. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 119 - 125. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Kubanin 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 123;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFE04A97C1BD7F9A5" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[480,672,1564,1589]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFDCBA97C1B2AF9A4" box="[559,605,1564,1588]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 195;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFD19A97D1D46F9A5" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[765,1073,1564,1589]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="113 - 142" refId="ref95277" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2001) Individual autozooidal behaviour and feeding in marine bryozoans. Sarsia, 86, 113 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.2001.10420468" type="journal article" year="2001">Shunatova & Ostrovsky 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 115, 118;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFB24A97D198BF9C3" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Nielsen, C." pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="262 - 270" refId="ref95320" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Nielsen, C. (2002) Putative sensory structures in marine bryozoans. Invertebrate Biology, 121, 262 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2002. tb 00066. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Shunatova & Nielsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 263, fig. 1b; Grischenko 2002, p. 115;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFD47A95A1A38F9C3" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[675,847,1595,1619]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 203; 2009, p. 228;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFBCBA95A1C2EF9C3" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[1071,1369,1595,1619]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 48; Ostrovsky 2009, p. 175, fig. 78a; 2013, p. 8, figs 1.11c, 2.41a;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B65336FFCA6A93B1D54F9E2" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Hayward, P. J. & Tendal, O. S. & Sorensen, J." box="[834,1059,1626,1650]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" pagination="360 - 378" refId="ref87673" refString="Denisenko, N. V., Hayward, P. J., Tendal, O. S. & Sorensen, J. (2016) Diversity and biogeographic patterns of the bryozoan fauna of the Faroe Islands. Marine Biology Research, 12 (4), 360 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2016.1148817" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Denisenko
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFC51A93A1A95F9E2" box="[949,994,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 366.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B653369FF73A9C11AD6FF45" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B65336FFF73A9C11C77F8B7" blockId="82.[151,1437,1696,2011]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFF73A9C118F3F92A" bold="true" box="[151,388,1696,1722]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B65336FFE69A9C01D34F94E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405472" collectingDate="1861-07" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="west Spitsbergen" elevation="64" location="Swedish Arctic Expedition" municipality="Red Bay" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFE69A9C0188DF92A" box="[397,506,1697,1722]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B65336FFE69A9C0188DF92A" box="[397,506,1697,1722]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: SMNH-Type-9303, six fragments from one colony,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B65336FFB87A9C11CEFF92A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B653368FF73AB031D02FA9D:8EFFC4B90B65336FFB87A9C11CEFF92A" box="[1123,1432,1696,1722]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="west Spitsbergen" municipality="Red Bay" name="Swedish Arctic Expedition" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Swedish Arctic Expedition</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B65336FFF73A9A5187FF94E" box="[151,264,1732,1758]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1861-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B65336FFF73A9A5187FF94E" box="[151,264,1732,1758]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1861-07">July 1861</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B65336FFEF2A9A5180EF94F" box="[278,377,1732,1759]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Red Bay</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B65336FFE62A9A41B3EF94E" box="[390,585,1732,1759]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">west Spitsbergen</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B65336FFDB1A9A51A06F94F" box="[597,881,1732,1759]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B65336FFC20A9A51D76F94F" box="[964,1025,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="64.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B65336FFC20A9A51D76F94F" box="[964,1025,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="64.0">64 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, mud
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B65336FFBABA9A51D8AF8B7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405333" collectingDate="1861-09" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="west Spitsbergen" elevation="35" location="Swedish Arctic Expedition" municipality="Isfjord" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paralectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFBABA9A51D9BF94E" box="[1103,1260,1732,1758]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B65336FFBABA9A51D9BF94E" box="[1103,1260,1732,1758]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: SMHM-Type-9305, small colony growing on eroded fragment of another cheilostome,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B65336FFC07A9891C60F892" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B653368FF73AB031D02FA9D:8EFFC4B90B65336FFC07A9891C60F892" box="[995,1303,1768,1794]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="west Spitsbergen" municipality="Isfjord" name="Swedish Arctic Expedition" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Swedish Arctic Expedition</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B65336FFAC0A98919A6F8B6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1861-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B65336FFAC0A98919A6F8B6" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1861-09">September 1861</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B65336FFF38A86D1814F8B7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B653368FF73AB031D02FA9D:8EFFC4B90B65336FFF38A86D1814F8B7" box="[220,355,1804,1831]" country="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" county="west Spitsbergen" municipality="Isfjord" name="Advent Bay" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Advent Bay</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B65336FFE8AA86D18CBF8B6" box="[366,444,1804,1830]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Isfjord</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B65336FFE23A86C1BFFF8B6" box="[455,648,1804,1831]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">west Spitsbergen</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B65336FFD77A86D1ADDF8B7" box="[659,938,1804,1831]" name="Svalbard and Jan Mayen" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Svalbard and Jan Mayen</collectingCountry>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B65336FFC1EA86D1D42F8B7" box="[1018,1077,1804,1831]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="35.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B65336FFC1EA86D1D42F8B7" box="[1018,1077,1804,1831]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, mud with stones
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B653369FF23A8501AD6FF45" blockId="82.[151,1437,1696,2011]" lastBlockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B65336FFF23A8501869F8FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405458" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="F. A. Smitt Collection & Spitsbergen" location="Swedish Museum Natural History" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B65336FFF23A8501846F8DB" box="[199,305,1841,1867]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
1911.10.1.1581A, one colony, ex
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B65336FFD20A8511D38F8DA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B653368FF73AB031D02FA9D:8EFFC4B90B65336FFD20A8511D38F8DA" box="[708,1103,1840,1867]" name="Swedish Museum Natural History" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Swedish Museum Natural History</location>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B65336FFB7BA8511CEFF8DA" box="[1183,1432,1840,1866]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">F.A. Smitt Collection</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B65336FFF73A8351869F8FE" box="[151,286,1876,1902]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Spitsbergen</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B65336FFEC3A8341D5CF8FE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405399" box="[295,1067,1876,1903]" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="H. Kluge" location="Kola Haven" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCode="NHMW 44378" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B65336FFEC3A83418A6F8FE" box="[295,465,1876,1903]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="Museum">NHMW 44378</specimenCode>
|
||
, one colony fragment,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B65336FFD28A8351A23F8FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B653368FF73AB031D02FA9D:8EFFC4B90B65336FFD28A8351A23F8FF" box="[716,852,1876,1903]" name="Kola Haven" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Kola Haven</location>
|
||
, collector
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B65336FFC22A8341D5CF8FE" box="[966,1067,1876,1903]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">H. Kluge</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
[before 1907].
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B65336FFB31A8351B24F84A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405407" collectingDate="1992-09-12" collectionCode="MFRT" county="Rodino" elevation="80" latitude="57.603333" location="Sea of Okhotsk" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="156.15" municipality="Cape Hayryuzova" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCode="ZIRAS 36" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B65336FFB31A8351C31F8FF" box="[1237,1350,1876,1903]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">ZIRAS 36</specimenCode>
|
||
/50120, three colony fragments detached from broken shells of the bivalve mollusc
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B65336FFC2CA8191D27F803" box="[968,1104,1912,1939]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pectinidae" genus="Chlamys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pectinida" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFC2CA8191D5DF802" box="[968,1066,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Chlamys</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B65336FFBBDA8181DD4F803" box="[1113,1187,1913,1939]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">MFRT</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B65336FFB4CA8191D8EF802" box="[1192,1273,1912,1938]" italics="true" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B65336FFB4CA8191D8EF802" box="[1192,1273,1912,1938]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Rodino</collectingCounty>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B65336FFAE0A81919A5F826" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1992-09-12">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B65336FFAE0A81919A5F826" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" value="1992-09-12">12 September 1992</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B65336FFEC2A8FD1807F826" box="[294,368,1948,1974]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="km" value="32.0">32 km</quantity>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B65336FFE5CA8FD1BF1F827" box="[440,646,1948,1975]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Cape Hayryuzova</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B65336FFD17A8FD1A04F826" box="[755,883,1948,1974]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
||
shelf,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B65336FFC26A8FD1D01F826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B653368FF73AB031D02FA9D:8EFFC4B90B65336FFC26A8FD1D01F826" box="[962,1142,1948,1974]" county="Rodino" latitude="57.603333" longLatPrecision="104" longitude="156.15" municipality="Cape Hayryuzova" name="Sea of Okhotsk" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" stateProvince="Kamchatka">Sea of Okhotsk</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B65336FFB67A8FC1C75F827" box="[1155,1282,1949,1976]" degrees="57" direction="north" minutes="36.2" orientation="latitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="92" value="57.603333">57°36.2ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B65336FFAEBA8FC1CE0F827" box="[1295,1431,1949,1976]" degrees="156" direction="east" minutes="09.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" precision="92" value="156.15">156°09.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B65336FFF04A8A1183EF84B" box="[224,329,1984,2011]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="79.5" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="78.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B65336FFF04A8A1183EF84B" box="[224,329,1984,2011]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.95" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.8" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="79.5" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="78.0">78–81 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMethod id="5261EA750B65336FFEBDA8A118B5F84B" box="[345,450,1984,2011]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">crab trap</collectingMethod>
|
||
, collector A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B653369FDB3A8A11B73FF21" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405446" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Grischenko. P. Kuklinski Collection & German Expedition Transdrift" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B65336FFDB3A8A11B1AF84A" box="[599,621,1984,2010]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B65336FFD9FA8A11D69F84A" box="[635,1054,1984,2011]" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Grischenko. P. Kuklinski Collection</collectorName>
|
||
, two colony fragments,
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B653369FADEA8A1189AFF21" lastPageId="84" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="82" pageNumber="83">RussianGerman Expedition Transdrift</collectorName>
|
||
1
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B633369FDF0AFF61AD6FF45" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405324" collectingDate="1993-08-18" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="M. K. Schmid & D. Piepenburg." county="Ivan Kireev" elevation="22" latitude="74.5" location="Laptev Sea" longLatPrecision="95" longitude="137.08333" municipality="Stn" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B633369FDF0AFF61B4FFF21" box="[532,568,151,177]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B633369FDA5AFF61BB2FF20" box="[577,709,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B633369FDA5AFF61BB2FF20" box="[577,709,151,176]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ivan Kireev</collectingCounty>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B633369FD31AFF61B8DFF21" box="[725,762,151,177]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Stn</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
48,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B633369FCCBAFF61A90FF21" box="[815,999,151,177]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1993-08-18">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B633369FCCBAFF61A90FF21" box="[815,999,151,177]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="1993-08-18">18 August 1993</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B633369FC10AFF61D01FF21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B653368FF73AB031D02FA9D:8EFFC4B90B633369FC10AFF61D01FF21" box="[1012,1142,151,177]" county="Ivan Kireev" latitude="74.5" longLatPrecision="95" longitude="137.08333" municipality="Stn" name="Laptev Sea" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" stateProvince="Kamchatka">Laptev Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B633369FB67AFF91C75FF21" box="[1155,1282,151,179]" degrees="74" direction="north" minutes="30.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="92" value="74.5">74°30.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B633369FAEBAFF91CE0FF21" box="[1295,1431,151,179]" degrees="137" direction="east" minutes="05.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" precision="92" value="137.08333">137°05.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B633369FF38AFDA1860FF45" box="[220,279,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="22.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B633369FF38AFDA1860FF45" box="[220,279,187,213]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="22.0">22 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rock dredge, collectors
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B633369FDCEAFDA1BB5FF45" box="[554,706,187,213]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">M.K. Schmid</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B633369FD1CAFDA1AD6FF45" box="[760,929,187,213]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">D. Piepenburg.</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B64336EFF73A91718B0F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" startId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" targetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" targetPageId="83">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B64336EFF73A91718B0F867" blockId="83.[151,1437,1654,2039]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B64336EFF73A9171855F91E" bold="true" box="[151,290,1654,1678]" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B64336EFECDA9161BFFF91F" authority="(Smitt, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[297,648,1655,1679]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Mixtoscutella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B64336EFECDA9161884F91E" box="[297,499,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Mixtoscutella ovata</emphasis>
|
||
(Smitt, 1868)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B633369FF23AFBE1BCFF829" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23AFBE1D77FEF5" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B633369FF23AFBE1809FF69" bold="true" box="[199,382,223,249]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
ZIRAS 36/50120, western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B633369FD58AFBE1A49FF69" box="[700,830,223,249]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Sea of Okhotsk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FBEAAFBE1DD6FF69" box="[1038,1185,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27A–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.51–0.77 (0.63 ± 0.08). ZW, 0.32–0.53 (0.41 ± 0.05). ZD, 0.39–0.68 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B633369FD19AE621A7CFE8C" box="[765,779,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.12–0.16 (0.14 ± 0.01). OrW, 0.15–0.20 (0.18 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.20–0.27 (0.23 ± 0.02). OeW, 0.28–0.38 (0.35 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.12–0.17 (0.14 ± 0.01). Av(ad)L, 0.17–0.32 (0.23 ± 0.04). P(f)N, 29–40 (36) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B633369FD6CAE2A1BE1FEF4" box="[648,662,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10). P(oe)N, 2–7 (4) (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B633369FC4CAE2A1AC1FEF4" box="[936,950,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 10).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23AE0F187FFD89" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B633369FF23AE0F182EFE18" bold="true" box="[199,345,366,392]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FC97AE0E1AA8FE19" box="[883,991,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27A</figureCitation>
|
||
), more or less circular or irregular in form, up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B633369FEF9AEF2181AFE3D" box="[285,365,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" unit="mm" value="22.0">22 mm</quantity>
|
||
in maximal dimension, yellow to pink-yellowish when alive, light brown to light yellow when dry. Zooids of medium size, oblong-hexagonal, oval to pyriform or rectangular, arranged in checkered pattern, demarcated by fine undulating sutures between lateral and transverse walls; sutures barely discernible in older parts of colony.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23AD421B98FCAA" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FE89AD421B78FDAD" box="[365,527,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
) moderately convex, finely granulated, combining both umbonuloid and lepralioid portions. Marginal areolae lateral to orifice separated by short interareolar ridges, indicating umbonuloid area; rest of shield uniformly pseudoporous, with pits of various sizes and shapes (from circular and drop-like to oval and irregular), corresponding to lepralioid part. Pseudopores becoming more sunken and frontal shield coarsely reticulate with age, with 2–3 pseudopores sometimes lying in single depression (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FBF2ADD21D09FD5D" box="[1046,1150,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Interior of frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FF44ADB6198EFD61" box="[160,249,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27I</figureCitation>
|
||
) showing mixed nature. Ring scar irregular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FD08ADB61A10FD61" box="[748,871,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
), forming boundary between umbonuloid exteriorwall and extra-umbonuloid interior-wall microstructure. Umbonuloid component small, occupying about 20% of length of frontal shield (22% in one measured zooid).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23AC221992FC59" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FE63AC221B46FCCD" box="[391,561,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27A, B, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) broadly circular to transversely oval; distal and lateral margins formed by upper terminal part of distal transverse wall, incidentally with narrow rim and forming small, blunt condyles at proximolateral corners. Proximal margin shallow to moderately concave (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FC15ACEA1D00FC35" box="[1009,1143,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27B, J</figureCitation>
|
||
), without lyrula. No oral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23ACB21A4AFBC9" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FE45ACB21B70FC7D" box="[417,519,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27B</figureCitation>
|
||
) round to asymmetrically oval, cormidial; distolateral curvature formed by low, vertical thickening of proximal wall of daughter zooid and, occasionally, by lateral walls of adjacent distolateral zooids; proximally restricted by cystid of suboral avicularium on one side and very low thickening of frontal shield on opposite side, together forming inconspicuous peristome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23AB021DEDFA9D" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Cystid of suboral avicularium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FDFBAB021BD4FBED" box="[543,675,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) relatively small, broad, elevated, with coarsely granular surface and 1–4 minute communication pores, situated on left or right relative to orifice. Frontal surface (rostral/postmandibular areas) of avicularium slightly curved, concave, crossing zooidal midline, facing obliquely laterally. Rostrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FA8BABCA199DFB79" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) elevated, short, lingulate, with weakly denticulate margin, directed laterally and frontally. Palatal foramen conforming to shape of rostrum, no cryptocystal shelf; opesia semioval. Crossbar complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23AA761AD4FA51" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Large adventitious avicularia developing in older areas of colony, occupying central to proximal part of frontal shield, frequently extending to marginal area of adjoining lateral zooid. Avicularian cystid broad, with coarsely granular surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FEBCAA3E18AEFAE9" box="[344,473,1375,1401]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 2–5 minute communication pores. Frontal surface of avicularium facing obliquely distolaterally to proximolaterally, and frontally. Rostrum elevated, elongate oval to lingulate; palatal foramen conforming to shape of rostrum; opesia semioval. Crossbar complete.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23AAAA1A82F895" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Ovicells hyperstomial at all stages, cleithral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FD5FAAAA1A35FA75" box="[699,834,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27E–G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium formed by distal autozooid around shallow crescentic concavity with communication pore at bottom, situated in proximalmost part of frontal shield adjacent to distal margin of maternal primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FD80A9721A7FF9BD" box="[612,776,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27A, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); pore leads to communication canal connecting ooecial and visceral coeloms, opening on inner side of frontal shield as oval communication pore near transverse wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FAD7A9561CE7F9C1" box="[1331,1424,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium hemispherical, with weakly concave proximal margin and round to slit-like pseudopores, some occluded by secondary calcification, sometimes visible in limited subtriangular area of proximal surface of ectooecium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FA8BA91E19B0F92D" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ectooecium initially smooth, rapidly overgrown by secondary calcification proceeding from frontal shields of daughter and adjacent zooids, frontal surface becoming granulated (except proximally), with 1–2 divergent sutures dividing calcification contributed by different surrounding zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FC60A98A1A9EF895" box="[900,1001,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23A86E1D36F8DD" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Zooids interconnected by two mural pore chambers in each distolateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FBC1A86E1DE4F8B9" box="[1061,1171,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Communication pores form horizontal “band” or two multiporous septula in basal half of transverse walls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23A8361D9DF805" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
|
||
Basal surface of zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B633369FE36A8361B42F8E1" box="[466,565,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="83.[151,250,1654,1678]" captionTargetBox="[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetId="figure-17@83.[210,1377,181,1631]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="FIGURE 27. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868). ZIRAS 36/50120 (western Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk). A. Colony margin with young and developing zooids (arrows, sites of ooecial development). B. Zooidal orifice, showing condyles, and suboral avicularium. C, D. Non-ovicellate zooids in young part of colony. E. Ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, showing ovicells, and suboral and adventitious avicularia. F. Ooecium covered by secondary calcification, except in proximal triangular area with pseudopores. G. Area of colony with ovicellate zooids and adventitious avicularia. H. Longitudinal section through frontal shield, showing interior of umbonulomorph suboral area and adjacent pseudoporous lepralioid shield. I. Interior of frontal shield with umbonuloid component, ring scar, areolae (smaller lateral openings in upper part of zooid), pseudopores and ooecial pore (arrow). J. Internal view of primary orifice with condyles. K. Basal surface of colony. L. Interior of frontal shield, showing blurred ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of zooid, showing frontal shield, suboral avicularium and lateral wall with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, D, G, K, 500 μm; B, F, I, J, 100 μm; C, E, 250 μm; H, L, 50 μm; M, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544582" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544582/files/figure.png" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Fig. 27K</figureCitation>
|
||
) fully calcified, moderately convex, smooth or with coarse transverse lineation, lacking evident protuberances. Boundaries between zooids recognizable by fine, sinuous incisions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B633369FF23A8FE1BCFF829" blockId="84.[151,1437,151,1977]" box="[199,696,1951,1977]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B623368FF23AFF61B16FED1" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B623368FF23AFF61B16FED1" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B623368FF23AFF6184CFF21" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,177]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FEDBAFF61B06FF21" author="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J." box="[319,625,151,177]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref96358" refString="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J. (2012) The marine bryozoans of the northeast coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11, 1 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11688" type="journal article" year="2012">Winston & Hayward (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned neither condyles nor large adventitious avicularia in describing this species from the northwestern Atlantic. In contrast to our material, their colonies were loosely attached to substrata. Additionally, ooecia were almost free of secondary calcification, and the medial convex area had only a single pseudopore near the proximal margin, whereas ooecia in our specimens were heavily calcified, with several pseudopores of various sizes and shapes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B623368FF23AE2A1AF8FE3D" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B623368FF23AE2A1AF8FE3D" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B623368FF23AE2A185BFEF5" bold="true" box="[199,300,331,357]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B623368FEDCAE2A1B6CFEF4" baseAuthorityName="Smitt" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[312,539,331,357]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Lepraliellidae" genus="Mixtoscutella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B623368FEDCAE2A1B6CFEF4" box="[312,539,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Mixtoscutella ovata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recorded at depths of
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B623368FC83AE2B1A91FEF5" box="[871,998,330,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9274999999999998" metricValueMax="5.82" metricValueMin="0.034999999999999996" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="m" value="292.75" valueMax="582.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5–582 m</quantity>
|
||
, mainly on mixed bottoms including silt, gravel and shells. Colonies encrusted brown and red algae, hydroid stolons, other cheilostome bryozoans (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B623368FF45AEF218F6FE3D" box="[161,385,403,429]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Stomachetosellidae" genus="Stomachetosella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B623368FF45AEF2182EFE3D" box="[161,345,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Stomachetosella</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), mollusc shells, brachiopods and hydrocorals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B623368FF23AED71D02FA9D" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B623368FF23AED71D02FA9D" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,1293]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B623368FF23AED71816FE40" bold="true" box="[199,353,438,464]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This is a boreal-Arctic, circumpolar, sublittoral to upper bathyal species. Numerous Arctic records include the Barents Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FDE8AEBA1BEDFE65" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[524,666,475,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="3 - 320" refId="ref95369" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD43AEBA1A59FE65" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[679,814,474,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="376 - 393" refId="ref90985" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1915) Bryozoa. In: Derjugin, K. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kolsky Gulf and Conditions of its Existence. Zapiski Academii Nauk, Series 8, 34, 376 - 393. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1915">Kluge 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FCDEAEBA1A02FE65" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[826,885,475,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref91084" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1929) Die Bryozoen des sibirischen Eismeers. Raboty Murmanskoy Biologicheskoy Stantsii, 3, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1929">1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC66AEBA1ACAFE65" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[898,957,475,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC2DAEBB1D73FE65" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[969,1028,474,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FBF4AEBA1DBCFE65" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1040,1227,475,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref87248" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1988) Distribution and Ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea and Adjacent Areas of the Arctic Ocean. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 207 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1988">Denisenko 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FB33AEBA1C64FE65" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1239,1299,475,501]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), White Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FF7BAE9E18F6FD89" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[159,385,510,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="434 - 471" refId="ref89200" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1957) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Materials of Complex Investigations of the White Sea, 1, 434 - 471. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1957">Gostilovskaya 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FE6FAE9E18B1FD89" author="Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[395,454,511,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref89329" refString="Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1978) Bryozoa of the White Sea. Nauka, Leningrad, USSR, 248 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1978">1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Grishankov 1995;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD79AE9E1A9FFD89" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N." box="[669,1000,511,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="113 - 142" refId="ref95277" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Ostrovsky, A. N. (2001) Individual autozooidal behaviour and feeding in marine bryozoans. Sarsia, 86, 113 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00364827.2001.10420468" type="journal article" year="2001">Shunatova & Ostrovsky 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC16AE9E1C57FD89" author="Shunatova, N. N. & Nielsen, C." box="[1010,1312,511,537]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="262 - 270" refId="ref95320" refString="Shunatova, N. N. & Nielsen, C. (2002) Putative sensory structures in marine bryozoans. Invertebrate Biology, 121, 262 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7410.2002. tb 00066. x" type="journal article" year="2002">Shunatova & Nielsen 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ostrovsky 2009, 2013), Kara Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FE7FAD421B22FDAD" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[411,597,547,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref93080" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1912) Bryozoaires. Duc d'Orleans Campagne Arctiques de 1907. Charles Bulens, Bruxelles, 43 pp." type="book" year="1912">Nordgaard 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD84AD421B92FDAD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[608,741,547,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref91084" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1929) Die Bryozoen des sibirischen Eismeers. Raboty Murmanskoy Biologicheskoy Stantsii, 3, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1929">Kluge 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD0AAD421A5EFDAD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[750,809,547,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FCD7AD431A19FDAD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[819,878,546,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2021), Laptev Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FB29AD421C23FDAD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1229,1364,547,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref91084" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1929) Die Bryozoen des sibirischen Eismeers. Raboty Murmanskoy Biologicheskoy Stantsii, 3, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1929">Kluge 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FAB9AD421CEFFDAD" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1373,1432,547,573]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FF73AD2719A5FDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[151,210,582,609]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FF04AD261803FDF1" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[224,372,583,609]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="130 - 138" refId="ref88325" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1990) Bryozoa of the Laptev Sea and New Siberian shoals. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 37, 130 - 138. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1990">Gontar 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), East Siberian Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD87AD261B99FDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[611,750,583,609]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref91084" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1929) Die Bryozoen des sibirischen Eismeers. Raboty Murmanskoy Biologicheskoy Stantsii, 3, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1929">Kluge 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD1FAD261A41FDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[763,822,583,609]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FCA0AD271A08FDF1" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[836,895,582,609]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC69AD261D5BFDF1" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[909,1068,583,609]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="144 - 147" refId="ref88494" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1994 a) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa in the coastal waters of the Chuan Bay of the East Siberian Sea. Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas, 47, 144 - 147. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="1994">Gontar 1994a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FBDEAD261D81FDF1" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[1082,1270,583,609]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref87374" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (2011) Bryozoans of the East Siberian Sea: History of research and current knowledge of diversity. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 3: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 1 - 15." type="book chapter" year="2011">Denisenko 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Chukchi Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FF7BAD0A185EFD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[159,297,619,645]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref91084" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1929) Die Bryozoen des sibirischen Eismeers. Raboty Murmanskoy Biologicheskoy Stantsii, 3, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1929">Kluge 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FED1AD0A1807FD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[309,368,619,645]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FE99AD0B18CFFD15" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[381,440,618,645]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Denisenko 2008;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD6BAD0A1A97FD15" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P." box="[655,992,619,645]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="35 - 50" refId="ref87596" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Kuklinski, P. (2008) Historical development of research and current state of bryozoan diversity in the Chukchi Sea. In: Wyse Jackson, P. N. & Spencer Jones, M. E. (Eds.), Annals of Bryozoology 2: Aspects of the History of Research on Bryozoans. International Bryozoology Association, Dublin, pp. 35 - 50." type="book chapter" year="2008">Denisenko & Kuklinski 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC09AD0A1DF7FD15" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[1005,1152,619,645]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="139 - 155" refId="ref88624" refString="Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]" type="journal article" year="2010">Gontar 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Point Barrow, Beaufort Sea, Alaska (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FECCADEE18C9FD39" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[296,446,654,681]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FE2DADEF1B73FD39" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[457,516,654,681]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="29 - 38" refId="ref93901" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1955) The circumpolar distribution of Arctic-Alaskan Bryozoa. In: Essays in the Natural Sciences in Honor of Captain Allan Hancock. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, pp. 29 - 38." type="book chapter" year="1955">1955</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Canadian Arctic Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC8FADEE1D50FD39" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[875,1063,655,681]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 44" refId="ref92941" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44." type="journal article" year="1906">Nordgaard 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FBD7ADEE1DB0FD39" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1075,1223,655,681]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="363 - 376" refId="ref93686" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1932) Biological and oceanographic conditions in Hudson Bay, 6. Bryozoa of Hudson Bay and Strait. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 7, 363 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 32 - 029" type="journal article" year="1932">Osburn 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FB36ADEE1C79FD3A" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1234,1294,655,682]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="538 - 543" refId="ref93790" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1936) Bryozoa collected in the American Arctic by Captain R. A. Bartlet. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science, 26, 538 - 543." type="journal article" year="1936">1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Baffin Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FF7BADD21840FD5E" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[159,311,691,718]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Davis Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FE38ADD21B13FD5D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[476,612,691,717]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 584" refId="ref91342" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Kluge 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD8AADD31BDEFD5D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[622,681,690,717]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref91415" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1975) Bryozoa of the Northern Seas of the USSR. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi, 711 pp." type="book" year="1975">1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD51ADD21A3CFD5E" author="Hansen, B. K." box="[693,843,691,718]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="3 - 74" refId="ref90231" refString="Hansen, B. K. (1962) Bryozoa. The Gotthaab Expedition 1928. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 81, 3 - 74." type="journal article" year="1962">Hansen 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Hudson Bay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC12ADD21C54FD5D" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[1014,1315,691,717]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Labrador (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FF7BADB61845FD61" author="Hincks, T." box="[159,306,727,753]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FED9ADB61B1EFD61" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." box="[317,617,727,753]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B623368FD3EADB61A38FD61" box="[730,847,727,753]" name="Greenland" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FCB8ADB61A9CFD61" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[860,1003,727,753]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="443 - 487" refId="ref95400" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 b) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlinger, 24, 443 - 487." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC12ADB61DFCFD61" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1014,1163,727,753]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="546 - 554" refId="ref90946" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1908 b) Zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen von West-Gronland. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 546 - 554." type="journal article" year="1908">Kluge 1908b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FB72ADB61C49FD61" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[1174,1342,727,753]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="545 - 634" refId="ref92231" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1914) Conspectus Faunae Groenlandicae. Bryozoa, Endoprocta, Pterobranchia og Enteropneusta. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 23, 545 - 634." type="journal article" year="1914">Levinsen 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FAAEADB619A5FC85" author="Osburn, R. C." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="603 - 624" refId="ref93627" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1919) Bryozoa of the Crocker Land Expedition. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 41, 603 - 624." type="journal article" year="1919">Osburn 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FF3AAD9A1B66FC85" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[222,529,763,789]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B623368FD98AD9A1B86FC85" box="[636,753,763,789]" name="Greenland" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD1BAD9A1ADDFC85" author="Levinsen, G. M. R." box="[767,938,763,789]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="432 - 472" refId="ref92264" refString="Levinsen, G. M. R. (1916) Danmark-Ekspeditionen til Gronlands Nordostkyst 1906 - 1908. Bryozoa. Meddelelser om GrOnland, 43, 432 - 472." type="journal article" year="1916">Levinsen 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC53AD9A1D91FC85" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E." box="[951,1254,763,789]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="73" refId="ref87545" refString="Denisenko, N. V. & Blicher, M. E. (2021) Bryozoan diversity, biogeographic patterns and distribution in Greenland waters. Marine Biodiversity, 51, 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 12526 - 021 - 01213 - 9" type="journal article" year="2021">Denisenko & Blicher 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FB18AD9A1CEBFC86" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[1276,1436,763,790]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="443 - 487" refId="ref95400" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 b) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlinger, 24, 443 - 487." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt (1868b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
just mentioned
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B623368FEA0AC7F18C9FCA9" box="[324,446,798,825]" name="Greenland" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Greenland</collectingCountry>
|
||
], Franz Josef Land (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD7BAC7E1A2CFCA9" author="Denisenko, N. V." box="[671,859,799,825]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref87292" refString="Denisenko, N. V. (1990) Distribution and ecology of Bryozoa of the Barents Sea. Kolsky Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Appatity, USSR, 156 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1990">Denisenko 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B623368FC8BAC7E1AB6FCA9" box="[879,961,799,825]" name="Iceland" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Iceland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC2BAC7E1D13FCA9" author="Hincks, T." box="[975,1124,799,825]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="97 - 112" refId="ref90573" refString="Hincks, T. (1877) On Polyzoa from Iceland and Labrador. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 19, 97 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937708682099" type="journal article" year="1877">Hincks 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Spitsbergen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FAEEAC7E1CEFFCA9" author="Smitt, F. A." box="[1290,1432,799,825]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="443 - 487" refId="ref95400" refString="Smitt, F. A. (1868 b) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Forhandlinger, 24, 443 - 487." type="journal article" year="1868">Smitt 1868b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FF73AC22181EFCCD" author="Gontar, V. I. & Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu." box="[151,361,835,861]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="187 - 204" refId="ref88781" refString="Gontar, V. I., Hop, H. & Voronkov, A. Yu. (2001) Diversity and distribution of Bryozoa in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Polish Polar Research, 22, 187 - 204." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Gontar
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B623368FF09AC221868FCCD" box="[237,287,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FE92AC221B41FCCD" author="Kuklinski, P." box="[374,566,835,861]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="193 - 206" refId="ref91761" refString="Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">Kuklinski 2002b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2009) and northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B623368FCC7AC221A0AFCCD" box="[803,893,835,861]" name="Norway" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC69AC221D3CFCCD" author="Nordgaard, O." box="[909,1099,835,861]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 99" refId="ref93104" refString="Nordgaard, O. (1918) Bryozoa from the Arctic regions. TromsO Museums Aarshefter, 40, 1 - 99." type="journal article" year="1918">Nordgaard 1918</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northwestern Atlantic it is recorded along the eastern coast of North America from the Gulf of St Lawrence (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FB60AC061C37FC11" author="Whiteaves, J." box="[1156,1344,871,897]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref96322" refString="Whiteaves, J. (1901) Catalogue of the Marine Invertebrates of Eastern Canada. Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, 271 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.4095 / 216086" type="book" year="1901">Whiteaves 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FAAAAC061802FC35" author="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="341 - 371" refId="ref88701" refString="Gontar, V. I. & Denisenko, N. V. (1989) Arctic Ocean Bryozoa. In: Herman, Y. (Ed.), The Arctic Seas. Climatology, Oceanography, Geology, and Biology. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, pp. 341 - 371. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4613 - 0677 - 1 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="1989">Gontar & Denisenko 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Gulf of Maine, Woods Hole and Cape Cod (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC75ACEA1D40FC35" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[913,1079,907,933]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="205 - 265" refId="ref93525" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1912 a) The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole region. Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Fisheries, 30, 205 - 265. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1325" type="journal article" year="1912">Osburn 1912a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FBA1ACEA1DF7FC35" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[1093,1152,907,933]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="291 - 385" refId="ref93738" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1933) Bryozoa of the Mount Desert Region. In: Procter, W. (Ed.), Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Region. Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp. 291 - 385." type="book chapter" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FB6BACEA1C46FC35" author="Powell, N. A." box="[1167,1329,907,933]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="247 - 259" refId="ref94799" refString="Powell, N. A. (1968 b) Studies on Bryozoa (Polyzoa) of the Bay of Fundy Region. 2. Bryozoa from fifty fathoms, Bay of Fundy. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 9, 247 - 259." type="journal article" year="1968">Powell 1968b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FADBACEA1811FC59" author="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="1 - 180" refId="ref96358" refString="Winston, J. E. & Hayward, P. J. (2012) The marine bryozoans of the northeast coast of the United States: Maine to Virginia. Virginia Museum of Natural History Memoir, 11, 1 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11688" type="journal article" year="2012">Winston & Hayward 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only locality known from the northeastern Atlantic is the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B623368FBB3ACCE1D86FC59" box="[1111,1265,943,969]" name="Faroe Islands" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Faroe Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FAE7ACCE198DFC7E" author="Denisenko, N. V. & Hayward, P. J. & Tendal, O. S. & Sorensen, J." pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="360 - 378" refId="ref87673" refString="Denisenko, N. V., Hayward, P. J., Tendal, O. S. & Sorensen, J. (2016) Diversity and biogeographic patterns of the bryozoan fauna of the Faroe Islands. Marine Biology Research, 12 (4), 360 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2016.1148817" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Denisenko
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B623368FA6CACCE19DAFC7D" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the northwestern Pacific it has been reported from Anadyrskiy Gulf in the Bering Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FAEAACB21CE0FC7D" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1294,1431,979,1005]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Grischenko 2002) and from the waters along the eastern coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula including Kamchatskiy Gulf, Kronotsky Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FE7BAB7A1B32FBA5" author="Kubanin, A. A." box="[415,581,1051,1077]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="119 - 125" refId="ref91614" refString="Kubanin, A. A. (1997) Phylum Tentaculata, subphylum Bryozoa. In: Kussakin, O. G., Ivanova, M. B. & Tsurpalo, A. P. (Eds.), A check-list of Animals, Plants and Fungi from the Intertidal Zone of Far Eastern Seas of Russia. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 119 - 125. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Kubanin 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Grischenko 2002), Avacha Gulf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC34AB7A1D2DFBA5" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[976,1114,1051,1077]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FB8CAB7A1C7AFBA5" author="Kubanin, A. A." box="[1128,1293,1051,1077]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="119 - 125" refId="ref91614" refString="Kubanin, A. A. (1997) Phylum Tentaculata, subphylum Bryozoa. In: Kussakin, O. G., Ivanova, M. B. & Tsurpalo, A. P. (Eds.), A check-list of Animals, Plants and Fungi from the Intertidal Zone of Far Eastern Seas of Russia. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 119 - 125. [in Russian]" type="book chapter" year="1997">Kubanin 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Grischenko 2002), Sea of Okhotsk in the waters along the southeast coast of Sakhalin Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FBD6AB5E1D8CFBC9" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[1074,1275,1086,1113]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B623368FB64AB5E1DC5FBC9" box="[1152,1202,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FAECAB5E1CF8FBCA" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[1288,1423,1087,1114]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Shantar Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FE76AB021B69FBEE" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[402,542,1123,1150]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), western Kamchatka shelf (our data) and the Kuril Islands including Iturup, Zelenyy, Shikotan and South Kuril Strait (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FD9DABE61A32FB31" author="Kluge, G. A. & Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G." box="[633,837,1158,1185]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="173 - 256" refId="ref91442" refString="Kluge, G. A., Androsova, E. I. & Gostilovskaya, M. G. (1959) Class Bryozoa. The list of marine fauna of the southern Sakhalin and southern Kuril Islands. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 6, 173 - 256. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1959">
|
||
Kluge
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B623368FD2CABE61B8CFB31" box="[712,763,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1959
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FCB7ABE61AACFB31" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[851,987,1159,1185]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC0DABE61D0DFB31" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[1001,1146,1159,1185]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" refId="ref88216" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1980) Bryozoan Fauna of the Order Cheilostomata of the Kuril Islands Coastal Waters. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Zoological Institute, Leningrad, USSR, 226 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1980">Gontar 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FB63ABE61DA7FB32" author="Gontar, V. I." box="[1159,1232,1159,1186]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="200 - 203" refId="ref88450" refString="Gontar, V. I. (1993 b) Phylum Bryozoa. List of invertebrate species of the continental slope of the Kuril Islands. Exploration of the Fauna of the Seas, 46, 200 - 203. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1993">1993b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B623368FAD3ABE61C0DFB31" box="[1335,1402,1159,1185]" name="Japan" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the waters of the southwestern coast of Sakhalin Island (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FCEFABCA1ABEFB55" author="Androsova, E. I." box="[779,969,1194,1221]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="90 - 204" refId="ref86122" refString="Androsova, E. I. (1958) Bryozoa of the order Cheilostomata of the northern part of the Sea of Japan. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 5, 90 - 204. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1958">Androsova 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC31ABCA1D2EFB56" author="Kluge, G. A." box="[981,1113,1195,1222]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="118 - 143" refId="ref91300" refString="Kluge, G. A. (1961) Species list of Bryozoa of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR. Explorations of the Far Eastern Seas of the USSR, 7, 118 - 143. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1961">Kluge 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and continental slope of the northern part of the Sea of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B623368FE28ABAE1B7BFB79" box="[460,524,1231,1257]" name="Japan" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FDFFABAE1B94FB79" author="Grischenko, A. V." box="[539,739,1231,1257]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="172 - 180" refId="ref89825" refString="Grischenko, A. V. (2013) First record of a bathyal bryozoan fauna from the Sea of Japan. Deep-Sea Research II, 86 - 87, 172 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2012.08.003" type="journal article" year="2013">Grischenko 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Northeastern Pacific records include Olga Bay and Leonard Harbor, Gulf of Alaska, and Punuk Island in the northeastern Bering Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B623368FC35AB921D1FFA9D" author="Osburn, R. C." box="[977,1128,1266,1293]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref93827" refString="Osburn, R. C. (1952) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |