527 lines
114 KiB
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527 lines
114 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E9850D74BEBE7312760C7A16FE12796D">Taxonomy, ecology and zoogeography of the Recent species of Rhamphostomella Lorenz, 1886 and Mixtoscutella n. gen. (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata)</mods:title>
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<mods:title id="EF175ACBC92C1EBA2A92AD7751E409B5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6520683" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209285934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6520683" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B283322FF73ACA61BA9FC72" authority="(O'Donoghue, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[151,734,967,994]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FF73ACA61BA9FC72" bold="true" box="[151,734,967,994]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FF73ACA618ACFC71" bold="true" box="[151,475,967,994]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Rhamphostomella pacifica</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B283322FE0EACA91BA1FC72" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[490,726,968,994]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="75 - 108" refId="ref93431" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1925) List of Bryozoa from the vicinity of Puget Sound. Publications of Puget Sound Biological Station, 5, 75 - 108." type="journal article" year="1925">O’Donoghue, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B283322FF73AC8D185DFB96" box="[151,298,1004,1030]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B283322FF73AC8D185DFB96" blockId="31.[151,734,967,1030]" box="[151,298,1004,1030]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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(
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B283322FF7BAC8D1990FB96" box="[159,231,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Figs
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<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B283322FF3CAC8D1990FB96" box="[216,231,1004,1030]" degrees="8, 30" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="555" value="8.3">8</geoCoordinate>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B283322FF10AC8D1855FB96" box="[244,290,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">30E</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B283322FF73AB4A1B91FBF2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B283322FF73AB4A1B95FBD3" blockId="31.[151,742,1067,1122]" box="[151,738,1067,1091]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B283322FF73AB4A1B95FBD3" box="[151,738,1067,1091]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B283322FF73AB4A1B31FBD3" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[151,582,1067,1091]" page="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" year="1925">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B283322FF73AB4A1B31FBD3" authority="O'Donoghue, 1925, p. 20" authorityName="O'Donoghue" authorityPageNumber="20" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,582,1067,1091]" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Porellaceae" genus="Porella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Porellales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="species" species="pacifica">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FF73AB4A184CFBD3" box="[151,315,1067,1091]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Porella pacifica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B283322FEA4AB4A1B71FBD3" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[320,518,1067,1091]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="75 - 108" refId="ref93431" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1925) List of Bryozoa from the vicinity of Puget Sound. Publications of Puget Sound Biological Station, 5, 75 - 108." type="journal article" year="1925">O’Donoghue, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 20
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 2, figs 7, 8.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB30B54C0B283322FF73AB2B1B91FBF2" box="[151,742,1098,1122]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B283322FF73AB2B1839FBF2" ID-CoL="84T7F" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky, 2022" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky" authorityYear="2022" box="[151,334,1098,1122]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FF73AB2B1839FBF2" box="[151,334,1098,1122]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Rhamphostomella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A267F30B0B283322FEB0AB2B18FCFBF1" box="[340,395,1098,1121]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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2:
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<treatmentCitation id="0A81B4730B283322FE4FAB2B1B1DFBF2" author="Hirose, M." box="[427,618,1098,1122]" page="92" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B283322FE4FAB2B1B5DFBF2" author="Hirose, M." box="[427,554,1098,1122]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refId="ref90660" refString="Hirose, M. (2010) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with Note on Bryozoan Diversity and Faunal Changes over the Past 130 years. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 180 pp." type="book" year="2010">Hirose 2010</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 92
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, pl. 156a–d.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B283322FF73ABEB1A98FA7A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9F92620B283322FF73ABEB1B37FB7D" blockId="31.[151,1437,1162,2017]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FF73ABEB18F6FB34" bold="true" box="[151,385,1162,1188]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B283322FE6CABEA1B37FB7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405361" collectingDate="1988-06-11" collectionCode="KIENM, RV, V" county="Collection" elevation="122" latitude="54.883335" location="Stn" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="162.25" municipality="Nazarovsk" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="ZIRAS 1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka" typeStatus="neotype">
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<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FE6CABEA1893FB34" box="[392,484,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<typeStatus id="549B2CC00B283322FE6CABEA1893FB34" box="[392,484,1163,1188]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
:
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<specimenCode id="DB863A190B283322FE16ABEA1B24FB35" box="[498,595,1162,1189]" collectionCode="ZIRAS" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">ZIRAS 1</specimenCode>
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/50124, one colony fragment,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FC4EABEA1D71FB35" box="[938,1030,1163,1189]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B283322FBE9ABEA1DF2FB35" box="[1037,1157,1163,1189]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Collection</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FB74ABEA1DC3FB35" box="[1168,1204,1163,1189]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FB5FABEA1C47FB35" box="[1211,1328,1163,1189]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B283322FB5FABEA1C47FB35" box="[1211,1328,1163,1189]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nazarovsk</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B283322FADBABEA1C13FB35" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D:8EFFC4B90B283322FADBABEA1C13FB35" box="[1343,1380,1163,1189]" county="Collection" latitude="54.883335" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="162.25" municipality="Nazarovsk" name="Stn" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kamchatka">Stn</location>
|
||
238,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B283322FF73ABCE185AFB59" box="[151,301,1199,1225]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1988-06-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B283322FF73ABCE185AFB59" box="[151,301,1199,1225]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1988-06-11">11 June 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B283322FED3ABCE189DFB59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D:8EFFC4B90B283322FED3ABCE189DFB59" box="[311,490,1199,1225]" county="Collection" latitude="54.883335" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="162.25" municipality="Nazarovsk" name="Kronotsky Gulf" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kamchatka">Kronotsky Gulf</location>
|
||
, eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B283322FDAEABCE1A37FB59" box="[586,832,1199,1225]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Kamchatka Peninsula</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B283322FCAEABCE1A9FFB59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D:8EFFC4B90B283322FCAEABCE1A9FFB59" box="[842,1000,1199,1225]" county="Collection" latitude="54.883335" longLatPrecision="106" longitude="162.25" municipality="Nazarovsk" name="Pacific Ocean" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kamchatka">Pacific Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B283322FC17ABD11D18FB59" box="[1011,1135,1199,1227]" degrees="54" direction="north" minutes="53.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="92" value="54.883335">54°53.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B283322FB9DABD11D88FB59" box="[1145,1279,1199,1227]" degrees="162" direction="east" minutes="15.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="92" value="162.25">162°15.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B283322FAABABCE1CE0FB59" box="[1359,1431,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="122.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B283322FAABABCE1CE0FB59" box="[1359,1431,1199,1225]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="122.0">122 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rock dredge, collector A.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FE4FABB218B6FB7D" box="[427,449,1235,1261]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
. Rzhavsky.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B283322FF23AB961B70FA31" blockId="31.[151,1437,1162,2017]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B283322FF23AB961BD0FA81" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405346" box="[199,679,1271,1297]" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="NHMUK 2010.2" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B283322FF23AB9618FDFA81" box="[199,394,1271,1297]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">NHMUK 2010.2</specimenCode>
|
||
.9.4, one colony fragment
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FD56AB961A79FA81" box="[690,782,1271,1297]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B283322FC73AB961862FAC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405303" collectingDate="1988-05-24" collectionCode="RV" county="Nazarovsk" elevation="141" latitude="52.9" location="Avacha Gulf" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.01666" municipality="Stn" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FC73AB961ACCFA81" box="[919,955,1271,1297]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FC26AB961D40FA81" box="[962,1079,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B283322FC26AB961D40FA81" box="[962,1079,1271,1297]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nazarovsk</collectingCounty>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B283322FBA1AB961D1DFA81" box="[1093,1130,1271,1297]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stn</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
119,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B283322FB4CAB961C37FA81" box="[1192,1344,1271,1297]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1988-05-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B283322FB4CAB961C37FA81" box="[1192,1344,1271,1297]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1988-05-24">24 May 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B283322FAADAB9619BAFAA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D:8EFFC4B90B283322FAADAB9619BAFAA5" county="Nazarovsk" latitude="52.9" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.01666" municipality="Stn" name="Avacha Gulf" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kamchatka">Avacha Gulf</location>
|
||
, eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B283322FED1AA7A1B59FAA5" box="[309,558,1307,1333]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Kamchatka Peninsula</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B283322FDD8AA7A1BA9FAA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D:8EFFC4B90B283322FDD8AA7A1BA9FAA5" box="[572,734,1307,1333]" county="Nazarovsk" latitude="52.9" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.01666" municipality="Stn" name="Pacific Ocean" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kamchatka">Pacific Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B283322FD09AA7D1A1BFAA5" box="[749,876,1307,1335]" degrees="52" direction="north" minutes="54.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="92" value="52.9">52°54.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B283322FC9EAA7D1D73FAA5" box="[890,1028,1307,1335]" degrees="160" direction="east" minutes="01.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="92" value="160.01666">160°01.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B283322FBBFAA7A1DD0FAA5" box="[1115,1191,1307,1333]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="141.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B283322FBBFAA7A1DD0FAA5" box="[1115,1191,1307,1333]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.41" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="141.0">141 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rock dredge, gravel, collector A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B283322FEFCAA5E18DFFAC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405382" box="[280,424,1343,1369]" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Rzhavsky" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FEFCAA5E1859FAC9" box="[280,302,1343,1369]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B283322FEDCAA5E18DFFAC9" box="[312,424,1343,1369]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Rzhavsky</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B283322FE53AA5E1AECFAC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405444" box="[439,923,1343,1369]" collectionCode="NHMUK" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCode="NHMUK 2010.2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB863A190B283322FE53AA5E1B0BFAC9" box="[439,636,1343,1369]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">NHMUK 2010.2</specimenCode>
|
||
.9.7, one colony fragment
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FC43AA5E1D74FAC9" box="[935,1027,1343,1369]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B283322FB6AAA5E1818FA31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405369" collectingDate="1988-05-09" collectionCode="RV" county="Nazarovsk" elevation="136" latitude="53.366665" location="Avacha Gulf" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.11667" municipality="Stn" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FB6AAA5E1DC5FAC9" box="[1166,1202,1343,1369]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">RV</collectionCode>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FB5EAA5E1C58FAC9" box="[1210,1327,1343,1369]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62FEEAEE0B283322FB5EAA5E1C58FAC9" box="[1210,1327,1343,1369]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Nazarovsk</collectingCounty>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BFB08180B283322FADAAA5E1C14FAC9" box="[1342,1379,1343,1369]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stn</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
170,
|
||
<date id="FF9EB4A20B283322FF73AA021868FAED" box="[151,287,1379,1405]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1988-05-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFDA4D4A0B283322FF73AA021868FAED" box="[151,287,1379,1405]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" value="1988-05-09">9 May 1988</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B283322FECCAA0218C0FAED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D:8EFFC4B90B283322FECCAA0218C0FAED" box="[296,439,1379,1405]" county="Nazarovsk" latitude="53.366665" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.11667" municipality="Stn" name="Avacha Gulf" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kamchatka">Avacha Gulf</location>
|
||
, eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B283322FDF3AA021A7BFAED" box="[535,780,1379,1405]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Kamchatka Peninsula</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EFFC4B90B283322FCF2AA021AC3FAED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038923740B28331FFF73ACA61C14FB9D:8EFFC4B90B283322FCF2AA021AC3FAED" box="[790,948,1379,1405]" county="Nazarovsk" latitude="53.366665" longLatPrecision="107" longitude="160.11667" municipality="Stn" name="Pacific Ocean" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" stateProvince="Kamchatka">Pacific Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B283322FC5AAA051D4EFAED" box="[958,1081,1379,1407]" degrees="53" direction="north" minutes="22.0" orientation="latitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="92" value="53.366665">53°22.0ʹ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE14F4A50B283322FBA7AA051DBEFAED" box="[1091,1225,1379,1407]" degrees="160" direction="east" minutes="07.0" orientation="longitude" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" precision="92" value="160.11667">160°07.0ʹ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, depth
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B283322FAFCAA021C17FAED" box="[1304,1376,1379,1405]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="136.0">
|
||
<elevation id="000D75510B283322FAFCAA021C17FAED" box="[1304,1376,1379,1405]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3599999999999999" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="136.0">136 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
, rock dredge, collector A
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B48983F0B283322FE96AAE61B74FA31" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4027405375" box="[370,515,1415,1441]" collectionCode="V" collectorName="Rzhavsky" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kamchatka">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FE96AAE618FFFA31" box="[370,392,1415,1441]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="26D5F7B40B283322FE77AAE61B74FA31" box="[403,515,1415,1441]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Rzhavsky</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B283322FF23AACB1A98FA7A" blockId="31.[151,1437,1162,2017]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FF23AACB18CFFA54" bold="true" box="[199,440,1450,1476]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B283322FE5AAACA1B20FA55" box="[446,599,1451,1477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED310AA70B283322FD84AACA1BCBFA55" box="[608,700,1451,1477]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">KIENM</collectionCode>
|
||
Collection (1988) Stn 114; IMB Collection (2011) Stns 3/1, 16/12, 18/14, 20/16, 24/19, 42/37, 43/38, 48/42, 60/50 (see Appendix 1 for details).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B28331FFF23AA921BCFFF21" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B283322FF23AA921C2AF9E9" blockId="31.[151,1437,1162,2017]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FF23AA921809F99D" bold="true" box="[199,382,1523,1549]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Measurements.</emphasis>
|
||
ZIRAS 1/50124, Kronotsky Gulf, eastern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B283322FC85AA921A94F99D" box="[865,995,1523,1549]" country="Russia" name="Kamchatka" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Kamchatka</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Pacific Ocean (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B283322FB78AA921C55F99D" box="[1180,1314,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figs 8A–M</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B283322FACAAA921C28F99D" box="[1326,1375,1523,1549]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">30E</figureCitation>
|
||
). ZL, 0.82–1.57 (1.14 ± 0.19). ZW, 0.42–0.75 (0.59 ± 0.10). ZD, 0.52–0.83 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FC52A9761AB3F9A0" box="[950,964,1559,1584]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). OrL, 0.17–0.22 (0.19 ± 0.01). OrW, 0.20–0.27 (0.24 ± 0.02). OeL, 0.32–0.43 (0.39 ± 0.03). OeW, 0.45–0.58 (0.51 ± 0.03). Av(s)L, 0.07–0.12 (0.10 ± 0.02). Av(ad)L, 0.20–0.90 (0.53 ± 0.18). Av(vic)L, 0.55–0.62 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FCB0A93E1A15F9E8" box="[852,866,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2). P(m)N, 13–21 (17). P(oe)N, 9–15 (12).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B283322FF23A9E31BECF809" blockId="31.[151,1437,1162,2017]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B283322FF23A9E3182EF90C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1666,1692]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Colonies initially encrusting,multiserial, unilaminar (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B283322FC41A9E21A8CF90D" box="[933,1019,1667,1693]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig.8A</figureCitation>
|
||
),giving rise to extensive, meandering, erect bilamellar expansions attaining 41 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B283322FD64A9C61BA5F951" box="[640,722,1703,1729]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
in size. Dry colonies pink to light yellow. Bilaminate parts of colony up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B283322FECEA9AB18F9F975" box="[298,398,1738,1765]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.55">1.55 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, adjoining layers not fully adherent, sometimes with narrow slit-like spaces in between (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B283322FF44A98E1875F899" box="[160,258,1775,1801]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 8M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Directions of growth of zooids in adjoining layers not wholly coinciding, with angles of up to 10° between main axes of opposing layers. Zooids large, elongate-hexagonal to oval, arranged in more or less regular straight, oblique rows, demarcated by fine undulating sutures between lateral and transverse walls. Boundaries between zooids clearly visible in young peripheral zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B283322FCD4A83A1AD9F8E5" box="[816,942,1883,1909]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 8A–G</figureCitation>
|
||
), gradually becoming indistinct, completely obliterated in oldest parts of colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B283322FDD0A81E1BF9F809" box="[564,654,1919,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B28331DFF23A8C21D2DFE19" blockId="31.[151,1437,1162,2017]" lastBlockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Frontal shield umbonuloid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B283322FDF5A8C21BFCF82D" box="[529,651,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 8A, I</figureCitation>
|
||
), initially convex, smooth in young zooids, becoming flatter with granulated surface (fine to coarse) in older zooids. Small, round or elongate areolae along margins, separated by narrow, elongate interareolar ridges; in distal third to half of frontal shield, these ridges connecting with avicularian cystid visible in young parts of colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFD80AFDA1B96FF45" box="[612,737,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8A, E</figureCitation>
|
||
); ridges sometimes fusing along zooidal midline in proximal part of frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFE6AAFBE189FFF69" box="[398,488,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thickening of frontal shield in older parts of colony resulting in smaller areolae as well as broadening of interareolar ridges, with ridges becoming less distinct and often disappearing. Umbonuloid component extensive, occupying about 70% of length of frontal shield (68% in one measured zooid), with fine parallel lineation and accretionary banding (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFD72AE2A1A7BFEF5" box="[662,780,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ring scar discrete (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFBE0AE2A1D2AFEF5" box="[1028,1117,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
), forming regular boundary between umbonuloid exterior wall and extra-umbonuloid interior wall microstructure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B17331DFF23AEF21B8AFD89" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFE62AEF2188DFE3D" box="[390,506,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8C, J</figureCitation>
|
||
) broadly semicircular to bell-shaped; distal and lateral margins formed by upper terminal part of distal transverse wall bearing ill-defined rim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFC81AED61A92FE41" box="[869,997,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
); rounded condyles laterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFAD9AED619D3FE65" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8C, J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal margin of orifice round, proximal margin more or less straight or with very weak median convexity, proximolateral corners gently rounded. No oral spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B17331DFF23AD421BA9FD5D" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Secondary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFE7FAD421B66FDAD" box="[411,529,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
) transversely elongate-semicircular to irregularly oval, cormidial, proximally and laterally restricted by frontal shield developing two low arch-like lobes that merge with distal part of avicularian cystid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFF0FAD0A1811FD15" box="[235,358,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). In ovicellate (and older) zooids, two taller peristomial lappets fusing with two corresponding lobes of the secondary calcification overgrowing ooecium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFCD0ADEE1ADBFD39" box="[820,940,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distolateral curvature of secondary orifice formed by vertical walls of distal and lateral zooids.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B17331DFF23ADB61D0DFC35" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Suboral avicularium with cystid occupying one-quarter to about half of zooidal frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFB23ADB61C4EFD61" box="[1223,1337,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), convex in young zooids, less prominent in older zooids, with finely granulated surface and 2–8 minute communication pores on surface. Frontal surface of avicularium (rostral/postmandibular areas) situated on left or right slope of cystid, overlapping or out of zooidal midline, facing distolaterally. Rostrum broadly semicircular, blunt, directed proximomedially and obliquely frontally. Palatal foramen semicircular, conforming to shape of rostrum, opesia small, oval, bordered by extensive cryptocyst. Crossbar complete, with prominent ligula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B17331DFF23ACCE1A7CFBC9" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Adventitious avicularia varying greatly in size, located centrally to proximally on frontal shield (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFAF2ACCE1CF8FC59" box="[1302,1423,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
); cystid broad, inflated, oval to rounded, coarsely granulated. Avicularian frontal surface nearly parallel to frontal shield. Rostrum directed proximomedially to proximally, occasionally distally, spatulate or lingulate, blunt, palate of similar shape. Palatal foramen trifoliate, cryptocystal shelf extensive, opesia oval, bordered by well-developed cryptocyst. Crossbar complete, with conspicuous ligula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B17331DFF23AB021C34FB31" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Largest adventitious avicularia sometimes occupying significant area of frontal shield of adjacent zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFA8BAB0219CAFB31" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
|
||
); in ovicellate parts of colony, ooecia often flanked by two or three adventitious avicularia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFB25ABE61C41FB31" box="[1217,1334,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B17331DFF23ABCA186AFAA1" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Very large vicarious avicularia sometimes present near growing edge of colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFBBEABCA1DC4FB55" box="[1114,1203,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Avicularian frontal surface facing frontally. Rostrum spatulate, slightly broader distally, directed distally; palate of similar shape. Palatal foramen Y-shaped with extensive cryptocystal shelf, opesia roundly triangular. Crossbar complete, with large ligula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B17331DFF23AA5A1BDFF92D" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Ovicells hyperstomial, with ooecium gradually becoming covered by secondary calcification encroaching from frontal shields of daughter and neighbouring zooids. Although secondary calcification sometimes covers most of the ooecium, ovicells remain prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFD90AAE21B87FA0D" box="[628,752,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Surface of secondary calcification finely granulated, with divergent sutures subdividing overgrowth originating from different zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFC16AAC61D15FA51" box="[1010,1122,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium formed by distal autozooid around shallow, arch-like concavity with communication pore at bottom, situated in proximalmost part of its frontal shield just immediate to distal margin of maternal primary orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFBC1AA8E1D90F999" box="[1061,1255,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ooecium with slightly concave proximal margin and smooth ectooecium bearing tiny slit-like pseudopores radially arranged in proximal half of ovicell roof (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFE05A9561B2FF9C1" box="[481,600,1591,1617]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Most pseudopores in old ooecia occluded by secondary calcification (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFA8BA95619CAF9E5" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In ovicellate zooids, secondary calcification proceeding from frontal shields of neighbouring zooids forms bilaterally symmetrical peristome around zooidal orifice. Peristome consists of two lateral vertical lobes, connecting with proximal corners of ooecium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFDC0A9C21BEBF92D" box="[548,668,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8F–H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B17331DFF23A9A61C73F895" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Zooids interconnected by 2–3 mural pore chambers in each distolateral wall (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFBA4A9A61DE9F971" box="[1088,1182,1735,1761]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8M</figureCitation>
|
||
) and two multiporous septula in basal half of transverse wall, corresponding to two recesses with medial buttress (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFB79A98A1D80F895" box="[1181,1271,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B17331DFF23A86E1D2FF84D" blockId="32.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Basal surface of zooids (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFE3BA86E1B4FF8B9" box="[479,568,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" captionTargetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[212,1375,181,1625]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 8. Rhamphostomella pacifica (O’Donoghue, 1925). Neotype, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean).A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 8K</figureCitation>
|
||
) fully calcified, with numerous irregular, sometimes bifurcate protuberances (
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B17331DFF7BA852183EF8DD" box="[159,329,1843,1869]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="0.255" valueMax="0.39" valueMin="0.12">0.12–0.39 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter) and transverse parallel folds on surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="131B8EE70B17331DFC3CA8521D33F8DD" box="[984,1092,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1204,1228]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetId="figure-20@90.[153,1434,181,1180]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 30. Basal colony surface insome Rhamphostomellaspecies.A. R. scabra, ZIRAS 93/50106 (BeringIsland, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment developed above irregular substrate, showing broken protuberances and pits formed above sponge spicules. B. R. commandorica, ZIRAS 1/50125 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony fragment, showing smooth surface with rare thin protuberances. C. R. cristata, ZIRAS 2/50110 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Pacific Ocean), colony area growing above crustose coralline algae Lithothamnion sp., showing regular series of columnar protuberances with broad bases. D. R. gigantea, ZIRAS 3/50129 (western Kamchatka shelf, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from internal side of broken shell of bivalve mollusc Chlamys sp. E. R. pacifica, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean), colony developed above irregular substratum. F. R. curvirostrata, NHMUK 1964.1.2.7 (Pacific coast of North America), colony margin with developing zooids, supported by long tubular processes. G. R. hincksi, USNM 11130 (Point Barrow, Alaska, Beaufort Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. H. R. sibirica, ZIRAS 34/50113 (Medny Island, Commander Islands, Bering Sea), basal surface with long tubular protuberances. I. R. multirostrata, ZIRAS 1/50545 (Urup Island, Kuril Islands, Sea of Okhotsk), colony detached from a sponge, showing marginal zooids with regular series of tubular protuberances. Scale bars: 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6544589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6544589/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 30E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Boundaries between zooids recognizable basally by deep sinuous incisions. Basal areas of massive erect colonies may contain only heavily calcified kenozooids, very irregular in form and arrangement; these occasionally united into large clusters with indistinguishable boundaries between. Frontally budded zooids, with normal or reversed polarity, also frequently present in older parts of colony, including some with orifices sealed by closure plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF5FC2EA0B16331CFF73A9101AD2F861" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6521145" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6521145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6521145/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[151,250,1649,1673]" targetBox="[212,1375,181,1625]" targetPageId="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B16331CFF73A9101AD2F861" blockId="33.[151,1437,1649,2033]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B16331CFF73A9101864F919" bold="true" box="[151,275,1649,1673]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B16331CFEFFA9101A7EF919" authority="(O'Donoghue, 1925)" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[283,777,1649,1673]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B16331CFEFFA9101B5DF919" box="[283,554,1649,1673]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Rhamphostomella pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B16331CFDDCA9101A76F919" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[568,769,1649,1673]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" pagination="75 - 108" refId="ref93431" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1925) List of Bryozoa from the vicinity of Puget Sound. Publications of Puget Sound Biological Station, 5, 75 - 108." type="journal article" year="1925">O’Donoghue, 1925</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B16331CFCF7A9131A11F919" box="[787,870,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Neotype</emphasis>
|
||
, ZIRAS 1/50124 (Kronotsky Gulf, eastern Kamchatka, Pacific Ocean). A. Colony margin with developing zooids. B. Zooids and two vicarious avicularia near colony margin. C. Orifice with suboral avicularium. D. Lateral view of zooids in young part of colony, showing communication slits (sites of the future ooecial development), developing ooecium and position of suboral avicularium. E. Young autozooids, with communication slits (arrows) around which distal zooids will develop ooecia. F. Ovicellate zooids with suboral and adventitious avicularia in older part of colony. G. Ovicellate zooids, showing variation in size and position of adventitious avicularia. H. Oblique view of two ovicellate zooids in older part of colony, with ooecia covered by the secondary calcification. I. Interior of frontal shield, showing ring scar and areolae. J. Internal view of primary orifice. K. Basal colony surface, showing irregular protuberances. L. Frontal shield interior, showing ring scar and exterior wall microstructure of umbonuloid component. M. Lateral view of bilaminate part of colony, showing ooecia partially covered by secondary calcification and lateral walls with mural pore chambers. Scale bars: A, G, K, 500 μm; B, D–F, 250 μm; C, I, J, 100 μm; H, M, 200 μm; L, 50 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B15331FFF23AFF61BCFFF21" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1038]" box="[199,696,151,177]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B15331FFF23AFDA198FFD7F" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B15331FFF23AFDA1DD2FD87" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1038]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFF23AFDA184CFF45" bold="true" box="[199,315,187,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B15331FFEA2AFDB1B5AFF45" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[326,557,186,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="75 - 108" refId="ref93431" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1925) List of Bryozoa from the vicinity of Puget Sound. Publications of Puget Sound Biological Station, 5, 75 - 108." type="journal article" year="1925">O’Donoghue (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
originally placed this species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFC56AFDB1DE5FF45" authority="Gray, 1848" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1848" box="[946,1170,186,213]" class="Jungermanniopsida" family="Porellaceae" genus="Porella" kingdom="Plantae" order="Porellales" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Marchantiophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFC56AFDB1D72FF44" box="[946,1029,186,212]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Porella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B15331FFBF4AFDA1DE5FF45" author="Gray, J. E." box="[1040,1170,187,213]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="91 - 151" refId="ref89357" refString="Gray, J. E. (1848) List of the specimens of British animals in the collections of the British Museum. Part 1. Centrionae or radiated animals. Trustees of the British Museum, London, pp. 91 - 151." type="book chapter" year="1848">Gray, 1848</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but noted the unusual combination of several characters: the stout bilamellar colony-form, the presence of adventitious avicularia, and the atypical position of the suboral avicularium. Concerning the last, he mentioned, “The avicularium is always situated nearer one side, never exactly median, and its semicircular mandible is directed postero-medially at angle of about 45–60 degrees to the hinder end of the aperture”. Based on the generic diagnosis given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B15331FFB58AE2B1993FE18" author="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref90423" refString="Hayward, P. J. & Ryland, J. S. (1979) British Ascophoran Bryozoans. Key and notes for the identification of the species. In: Kermack, D. M. & Barnes, R. S. K. (Eds.), Linnean Society synopses of the British Fauna. New Series. Vol. 14. Academic Press, London, pp. 1 - 312." type="book" year="1979">Hayward & Ryland (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFF10AE0F18D5FE18" box="[244,418,366,392]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFF10AE0F1830FE18" box="[244,327,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Porella</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack adventitious and vicarious avicularia, and ooecia are imperforate or have a single central pseudopore. The combination of characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFCE8AEF31AFEFE3C" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[780,905,402,428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFCE8AEF31A6AFE3B" box="[780,797,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFCCBAEF31AFEFE3C" box="[815,905,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that justify its inclusion in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFB36AEF31CEBFE3C" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky" authorityYear="2022" box="[1234,1436,402,428]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFB36AEF31CEBFE3C" box="[1234,1436,402,428]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rhamphostomella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes: 1) the oblique position of the suboral avicularium, situated asymmetrically nearer one side of the orifice, never exactly medially, with the rostrum at an angle of about 15–30° to the median line of the zooid; 2) ooecia with numerous slit-like pseudopores; and 3) the presence of adventitious and vicarious avicularia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B15331FFF23AD431A9DFD13" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1038]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
In some aspects,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFE6BAD431B7CFDAB" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[399,523,545,572]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFE6BAD4318D7FDAB" box="[399,416,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFE55AD401B7CFDAB" box="[433,523,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFD6BAD431A2EFDAB" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky, 2022" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky" authorityYear="2022" box="[655,857,545,572]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="commandorica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFD6BAD431BD7FDAB" box="[655,672,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFD55AD401A2EFDAB" box="[689,857,545,571]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">commandorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFC87AD401AD3FDAB" bold="true" box="[867,932,545,571]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A267F30B0B15331FFC87AD401AD3FDAB" box="[867,932,545,571]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. However, it can be distinguished from the latter by the position of the primary orifice, and the form of the avicularian palatal foramen and overall colony morphology, as described above (see Remarks for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFD29AD0B1AE3FD13" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky, 2022" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky" authorityYear="2022" box="[717,916,617,643]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="commandorica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFD29AD0B1BA9FD13" box="[717,734,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFD08AD081AE3FD13" box="[748,916,617,643]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">commandorica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFC7FAD081AADFD13" bold="true" box="[923,986,617,643]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A267F30B0B15331FFC7FAD081AADFD13" box="[923,986,617,643]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B15331FFF23ADEC198FFD7F" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1038]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
The characters of the two colonies from Sagami and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B15331FFCD5ADEC1A0FFD37" box="[817,888,653,679]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bays, Honshu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B15331FFBD0ADEC1D00FD37" box="[1076,1143,653,679]" name="Japan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B15331FFF59ADD0182CFD5B" author="Hirose, M." box="[189,347,689,715]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref90660" refString="Hirose, M. (2010) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with Note on Bryozoan Diversity and Faunal Changes over the Past 130 years. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 180 pp." type="book" year="2010">Hirose (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFE61ADD01B38FD5B" authority="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky, 2022" authorityName="Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky" authorityYear="2022" box="[389,591,689,715]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFE61ADD01B38FD5B" box="[389,591,689,715]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rhamphostomella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A267F30B0B15331FFDBDADD01BE0FD5B" box="[601,663,689,715]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
2, fall within the range of morphological variation observed for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFA60ADD01986FD7F" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFA60ADD01CE2FD5A" box="[1412,1429,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFF73ADB41986FD7F" box="[151,241,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B15331FFF23AD991AA5FCA6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B15331FFF23AD991AA5FCA6" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1038]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFF23AD99185BFC82" bold="true" box="[199,300,760,786]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFED0AD991B17FC82" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1925" box="[308,608,760,786]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFED0AD991B17FC82" box="[308,608,760,786]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Rhamphostomella pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B15331FFCDDAD991ADCFC83" box="[825,939,760,787]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.935" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="293.5" valueMax="490.0" valueMin="97.0">97–490 m</quantity>
|
||
depth on mixed bottoms, including pebbles overlying silty sand. Substrata include pebbles and broken mollusc shells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C33AC1E90B15331FFF23AC211C14FB9D" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9F92620B15331FFF23AC211C14FB9D" blockId="34.[151,1437,151,1038]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFF23AC211816FCCA" bold="true" box="[199,353,832,858]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
In his original description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B15331FFD41AC211AFBFCCB" author="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E." box="[677,908,832,859]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" pagination="75 - 108" refId="ref93431" refString="O'Donoghue, C. H. & O'Donoghue, E. (1925) List of Bryozoa from the vicinity of Puget Sound. Publications of Puget Sound Biological Station, 5, 75 - 108." type="journal article" year="1925">O’Donoghue (1925)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated: “These specimens are simply labelled
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFF73AC051876FCEE" box="[151,257,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Albatross</emphasis>
|
||
. NW Pacific with no further data”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB1EF930B15331FFD7DAC051A41FCEE" author="Hirose, M." box="[665,822,868,894]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refId="ref90660" refString="Hirose, M. (2010) Cheilostomatous Bryozoa (Gymnolaemata) from Sagami Bay, with Note on Bryozoan Diversity and Faunal Changes over the Past 130 years. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 180 pp." type="book" year="2010">Hirose (2010)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the species from Hatsushima Island, western Sagami Bay and also Yokohama, western shore of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49E45C800B15331FFD31ACE91A6BFC32" box="[725,796,904,930]" country="Japan" name="Tokyo" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tokyo</collectingRegion>
|
||
Bay, Honshu,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F337D2F20B15331FFC20ACE91D70FC32" box="[964,1031,904,930]" name="Japan" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B15331FFBCAACE91D01FC32" box="[1070,1142,904,931]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
depth. Our material came from
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B15331FFF32ACCD1820FC56" box="[214,343,940,966]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.49" metricValueMax="1.76" metricValueMin="1.22" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="149.0" valueMax="176.0" valueMin="122.0">122–176 m</quantity>
|
||
in Kronotsky and Avacha gulfs, eastern Kamchatka Peninsula, and along the Pacific and Sea of Okhotsk sides of the middle to southern Kuril Islands between Simushir and Kunashir at
|
||
<quantity id="4CD83F870B15331FFB95ACB11D92FC7A" box="[1137,1253,976,1002]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.935" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="0.97" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="293.5" valueMax="490.0" valueMin="97.0">
|
||
97–
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2659EB0B15331FFB7FACB11D92FC7A" box="[1179,1253,976,1002]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="generic">490 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. Accordingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C20E9E10B15331FFA60ACB11986FB9E" baseAuthorityName="O'Donoghue" baseAuthorityYear="1925" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Umbonulidae" genus="Rhamphostomella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="pacifica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFA60ACB11CE2FC79" box="[1412,1429,976,1001]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9544E700B15331FFF73AC951986FB9E" box="[151,241,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">pacifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a Pacific Asian boreal, sublittoral to upper bathyal species, extending to the edge of the subtropics.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |