180 lines
16 KiB
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180 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9b15909-ea61-40d7-ba04-325b8af91669" ID-PMC="PMC5674090" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-701-1" ID-PubMed="29118596" ID-ZBK="23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-701-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 701" ModsDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" checkinTime="1506095869158" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fisher, J. Ray, Fisher, Danielle M., Skvarla, Michael J., Nelson, Whitney A. & Dowling, Ashley P. G." docDate="2017" docId="A54A46FE4C869928B1D2E950FAA49A77" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 701: 1-496" docOrigin="ZooKeys 701" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261" docTitle="Torrenticola leviathan Fisher & Dowling, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2312DACD-A8B7-4759-BB7B-E5F1018BE665" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="3D440132FFABFFFC1505FFA0FFDDEA09" masterDocTitle="Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species" masterLastPageNumber="496" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668164828938" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of torrent mites (Parasitengona, Torrenticolidae, Torrenticola) of the United States and Canada: 90 descriptions, molecular phylogenetics, and a key to species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, J. Ray</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Danielle M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Skvarla, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nelson, Whitney A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dowling, Ashley P. G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>701</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>496</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.701.13261</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-701-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">23BDD7CE1C7E4D2092A8ED47267579FD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="134839642" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2312DACD-A8B7-4759-BB7B-E5F1018BE665" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A54A46FE4C869928B1D2E950FAA49A77" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2312DACD-A8B7-4759-BB7B-E5F1018BE665" authority="Fisher & Dowling" class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola leviathan" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">Torrenticola leviathan Fisher & Dowling</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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HOLOTYPE (♀): from USA, California, Mendocino County, beside Rt. 128 at Paul M. Dimmick Recreation Area, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="39.169445">39°10'10"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-123.64389">123°38'38"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 4 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870127A
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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PARATYPES (3 ♀; 1 ♂): California, USA: 1 ♂(ALLOTYPE) from Mendocino, beside Rt. 128 at Paul M. Dimmick Recreation Area, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="39.169445">39°10'10"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-123.64389">123°38'38"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 4 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870127A
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<normalizedToken originalValue="•">*</normalizedToken>
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3 ♀ from Mendocino County, beside Rt. 128 at Paul M. Dimmick Recreation Area, (
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="39.169445">39°10'10"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-123.64389">123°38'38"W</geoCoordinate>
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), 4 August 1987, by IM Smith, IMS870127A
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type deposition">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type deposition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype (♀), allotype (♂), and some paratypes (1 ♀) deposited in the CNC; other paratypes (1 ♀) deposited in the ACUA.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola leviathan" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">Torrenticola leviathan</taxonomicName>
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are similar to other members of the Ellipsoidalis Group (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. multiforma" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="multiforma">T. multiforma</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. occidentalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="occidentalis">T. occidentalis</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ellipsoidalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ellipsoidalis">T. ellipsoidalis</taxonomicName>
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), in being among the largest
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Torrenticola</taxonomicName>
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in the west (dorsum length ♀ = 700-885; ♂ = 665-850), although
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sierrensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sierrensis">T. sierrensis</taxonomicName>
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are also large (dorsum length ♀ = 700-880; ♂ = 590-735) but can easily be distinguished from the Ellipsoidalis Group by being circular instead of ellipsoid or rectangular (dorsum length/width = 1.17-1.28 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. sierrensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="sierrensis">T. sierrensis</taxonomicName>
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, 1.30-1.67 in Ellipsoidalis Group).
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. leviathan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leviathan">T. leviathan</taxonomicName>
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can be differentiated from all other Ellipsoidalis Group by having more elongate pedipalpal tibiae (length/width = 3.43-4.20 in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. leviathan" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="leviathan">T. leviathan</taxonomicName>
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, 2.64-3.33 in others).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Female (Figure 130) (n = 4) (holotype measurements in parentheses when available) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (845-870 (870) long; 570-610 (580) wide) ellipsoid with faint orange coloration without a distinct pattern or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (150-155 (155) long; 70-80 (75) wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (240-260 (245) long; 95-105 (95) wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 420-460 (425)). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.40-1.51 (1.50); dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.33-1.36 (1.36); anterio-medial platelet length/width 1.94-2.14 (2.07); anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.40-2.58 (2.58); anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.55-1.70 (1.58).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (330-350 (330) long (ventral); 230-230 (230) long (dorsal); 165-170 (170) tall) colorless. Rostrum (125-130 (125) long; 55-60 (55) wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (335-340 (340) long) with curved fangs (80-85 (80) long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.00-2.06 (2.00); rostrum length/width 2.17-2.27 (2.27). Pedipalps with short, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (50-52.5 (52.5) long); femur (130-130 (130) long); genu (75-77.5 (77.5) long); tibia (105-107.5 (107.5) long; 25-27.5 (27.5) wide); tarsus (20-22.5 (22.5) long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.68-1.73 (1.68); tibia/femur 0.81-0.83 (0.83); tibia length/width 3.91-4.20 (3.91).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (970-1035 (1035) long; 640-680 (640) wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (190-215 (190) long; 85-100 (100) wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (25-30 (30) long). Genital plates (210-215 (210) long; 180-195 (180) wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (390-400 (390) long (total); 180-205 (205) long (medial)); Cx-3 (440-460 (440) wide); anterior venter (220-245 (245) long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 1.90-2.53 (1.90); anterior venter/genital field length 1.05-1.17 (1.17); anterior venter length/genital field width 1.13-1.36 (1.36); anterior venter/medial suture 7.50-8.80 (8.17).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Male (Figure 131) (n = 1) (allotype only) with characters of the genus with following specifications.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dorsum - (770 long; 510 wide) ellipsoid with faint orange coloration without a distinct pattern or colorless. Anterio-medial platelets (140 long; 65 wide). Anterio-lateral platelets (230 long; 85 wide) free from dorsal plate. Dgl-4 closer to the edge of the dorsum than to the muscle scars (distance between Dgl-4 400). Dorsal plate proportions: dorsum length/width 1.51; dorsal width/distance between Dgl-4 1.28; anterio-medial platelet length/width 2.15; anterio-lateral platelet length/width 2.71; anterio-lateral/anterio-medial length 1.64.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gnathosoma - Subcapitulum (285 long (ventral); 200 long (dorsal); 137.5 tall) colorless. Rostrum (95 long; 52.5 wide) short and conical. Chelicerae (275 long) with curved fangs (75 long). Subcapitular proportions: ventral length/height 2.07; rostrum length/width 1.81. Pedipalps with short, tuberculate ventral extensions on femora and genua. Palpomeres: trochanter (47.5 long); femur (112.5 long); genu (70 long); tibia (90 long; 26.25 wide); tarsus (20 long). Palpomere proportions: femur/genu 1.61; tibia/femur 0.80; tibia length/width 3.43.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venter - (860 long; 570 wide) colorless. Gnathosomal bay (180 long; 90 wide). Cxgl-4 subapical. Medial suture (110 long). Genital plates (160 long; 120 wide). Additional measurements: Cx-1 (360 long (total); 185 long (medial)); Cx-3 (420 wide); anterior venter (305 long). Ventral proportions: gnathosomal bay length/width 2.00; anterior venter/genital field length 1.91; anterior venter length/genital field width 2.54; anterior venter/medial suture 2.77.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Immatures unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Specific epithet (
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Arrenuridae" genus="Lebertioidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lebertioidea leviathan" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">leviathan</taxonomicName>
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) refers to the large body size of this species, surpassed by few other
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Torrenticola</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="liwyātān">liwyatan</normalizedToken>
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, Hebrew, a large aquatic animal; noun in apposition). The Leviathan (modern spelling) is depicted in Jewish mythology (as written in the Tanakh) as one of two huge beasts-the Leviathan in the ocean and the Behemoth on land.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Northwestern California (Figure 129).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 129.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola leviathan" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">Torrenticola leviathan</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. distribution.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 130.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola leviathan" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">Torrenticola leviathan</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. female: A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Figure 131.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola leviathan" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">Torrenticola leviathan</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. male (teneral): A dorsal plates B venter (legs removed) C subcapitulum D pedipalp (setae not accurately depicted). Scale = 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Unfortunately, we were unable to acquire fresh material of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Torrenticolidae" genus="Torrenticola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Torrenticola leviathan" order="Trombidiformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leviathan">Torrenticola leviathan</taxonomicName>
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and therefore this species is not included in our phylogenetic analyses. However, we were able to examine morphology with material preserved in GAW. The overall appearance, large size, and western distribution, places this species in the Miniforma Complex and the Ellipsoidalis Identification Group.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |