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<document id="A8E5EBD51DC82573C85AF13F5E36C8DE" ID-CLB-Dataset="121761" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab104" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8c8e3cbc-5af0-4e51-91e7-088bede47862" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6994557" ID-ZooBank="5089C1BA-D72D-4FAD-9EFB-8ACAB18A1930" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1660324266669" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Machado, Renato Jose Pires, Martins, Caleb Califre, Aspöck, Horst, Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda &amp; Aspöck, Ulrike" docDate="2022" docId="03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab104.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Speleoberotha palomae Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck 2022, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="1433" masterDocId="FF926C279C6EFFCFFF8D3876FF84070E" masterDocTitle="The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae" masterLastPageNumber="1444" masterPageNumber="1422" pageNumber="1426" updateTime="1699366461324" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="7BC3ECB494C854820CFBCBA2D62B7F0A">The first cave associated genus of Berothidae (Insecta: Neuroptera), and a new interpretation of the subfamily Cyrenoberothinae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B794CE7F16F4CF5A21B34A785252C603">Machado, Renato Jose Pires</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D9A646E43AF042BAE23E36F28F044E49">Martins, Caleb Califre</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37F5692715C7B056EF890E2BEFB35F83">Aspöck, Horst</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5E92D11236C6DADA42F7BF1B42E10ACB">Tavares, Leon Gustavo De Miranda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="45A56DD1E251FD598283090E9814AEB6">Aspöck, Ulrike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B06DC1C71DB57FB40DE59F21F6C7485D">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0673A0A480E0A454D480CC165FABEE89">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="354517700BFD280544B090BB765D116D">2022-01-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="CC54E5B9A0363A0075E02FFDC9BB3D64">195</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="D51BCA4285E76D8465E9E768BBEC167C" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab104</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6986104" ID-GBIF-Taxon="199314937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6986104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1433" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
<subSubSection id="C318F6C29C6AFFCBFC143CE4FAC003A4" box="[921,1348,1170,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6AFFCBFC143CE4FAC003A4" blockId="4.[921,1348,1170,1226]" box="[921,1348,1170,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
<heading id="D0F512259C6AFFCBFC143CE4FAC003A4" box="[921,1348,1170,1194]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C6AFFCBFC143CE4FB5E03A7" authority="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck, 2022" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[921,1242,1170,1194]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae" status="sp. nov.">SPELEOBEROTHA PALOMAE</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6AFFCBFB6C3CE3FAC003A4" bold="true" box="[1249,1348,1170,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245C4209C6AFFCBFB6C3CE3FAC003A4" box="[1249,1348,1170,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C318F6C29C6AFFC3FBB63CC7FC8707F4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1434" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6AFFCBFBB63CC7FB2603C4" blockId="4.[921,1348,1170,1226]" box="[1083,1186,1201,1226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C6AFFCBFBB63CC7FB2603C4" box="[1083,1186,1201,1226]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStart-3="Figure 7" captionStartId-0="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" captionStartId-1="8.[163,242,1479,1501]" captionStartId-2="9.[145,227,1418,1440]" captionStartId-3="10.[163,243,1520,1542]" captionTargetBox-0="[145,1425,195,1433]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1424,195,1434]" captionTargetBox-2="[145,1418,195,1366]" captionTargetBox-3="[323,1232,195,1475]" captionTargetId-0="figure-170@7.[145,1425,195,1434]" captionTargetId-1="figure-194@8.[163,1443,195,1440]" captionTargetId-2="figure-219@9.[145,1425,195,1378]" captionTargetId-3="figure-144@10.[323,1283,195,1481]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="Figure 4. Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein." captionText-1="Figure 5. Male genitalia of Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, B, lateral views. C, oblique view. D, E, genital complex, oblique view. Abbreviations: ect, ectoproct; gph10, tenth gonapophyses; gst10, tenth gonostyli; gx9–gx11, ninth–eleventh gonocoxites; S8, S9, eighth and ninth sternites; T8, T9, eighth and ninth tergites." captionText-2="Figure 6. Male genitalia of Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, B, ventral views. C, caudal view. D, genital complex, ventral view. E, genital complex, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect, ectoproct; gph10, tenth gonapophyses; gst10, tenth gonostyli; gx9–gx11, ninth–eleventh gonocoxites; S9, ninth sternite; T9, ninth tergite." captionText-3="Figure 7. Female genitalia of Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, B, lateral views. C, D, ventral view. E, spermatheca, lateral view. F, spermatheca, ventral view. Abbreviations: bc, bursa copulatrix; d.s., distal portion of spermatheca; ect, ectoproct; gph9, gonapophyses 9; m.s., median portion of spermatheca; p.s., proximal portion of spermatheca; S7, seventh sternite; sp, spermatheca; T7–T9, seventh–ninth tergites." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994567" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994569" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994571" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6994567/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6994569/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6994571/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">FIGS 4–7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6AFFCBFCB63C92FAC50216" blockId="4.[827,1441,1252,1304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6AFFCBFCB63C92FBD703F7" box="[827,1107,1252,1273]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">Zoobank registration:</emphasis>
<uri id="FF93A94B9C6AFFCBFBEE3C92FAB90216" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="FFA49F9C9C6AFFCBFCB63D74FAB90216" box="[827,1341,1282,1304]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">85F50233-3FC4-4C1D-AB75-42C460A1221C</uuid>
</uri>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6AFFCBFCB63D37FC38029A" blockId="4.[827,1442,1345,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6AFFCBFCB63D37FC440258" box="[827,960,1345,1366]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">Etymology:</emphasis>
Named after friend and researcher Dr Paloma H. F. Shimabukuro, who collected most of the
<typeStatus id="54B91BEB9C6AFFCBFCB63D09FCE8029A" box="[827,876,1407,1428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">type</typeStatus>
series.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6AFFCBFCB63DBEFC3002D1" blockId="4.[827,948,1480,1503]" box="[827,948,1480,1503]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6AFFCBFCB63DBEFC3002D1" box="[827,948,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6AFFCBFCB63D86FA84018E" blockId="4.[827,1443,1520,1664]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
Slightly smaller than
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C6AFFCBFBC83D86FAD6010B" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[1093,1362,1520,1541]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineira">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6AFFCBFBC83D86FAD6010B" box="[1093,1362,1520,1541]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">Speleoberotha mineira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Male: sternite 9 simple, without lobes; gonapophyses 10 as two small, hooked structures; complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 shorter or about the same length as gonocoxites
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C6AFFCBFBB93E1DFBE9018E" box="[1076,1133,1642,1664]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
lateral view.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6AFFCBFCB63ECFFC4301DE" blockId="4.[827,967,1721,1744]" box="[827,967,1721,1744]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6AFFCBFCB63ECFFC4301DE" box="[827,967,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6AFFCBFCB63E94FC4B007F" blockId="4.[827,1444,1761,1905]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6AFFCBFCB63E94FBD801F8" box="[827,1116,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">Measurements (N = 10):</emphasis>
Body length average (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C6AFFCBFAFB3E97FCDE001B" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-170@7.[145,1425,195,1434]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C6AFFCBFCE23F76FC56001B" box="[879,978,1792,1813]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.98" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" unit="mm" value="1.98">1.98 mm</quantity>
(variation,
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C6AFFCBFBDB3F76FB59001B" box="[1110,1245,1792,1814]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.5 mm</quantity>
); forewing length average (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C6AFFCBFC243F68FC7A003A" box="[937,1022,1822,1844]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-170@7.[145,1425,195,1434]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C6AFFCBFB983F68FBF8003A" box="[1045,1148,1822,1844]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.96" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" unit="mm" value="3.96">3.96 mm</quantity>
(variation,
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C6AFFCBFA843F69FA12003A" box="[1289,1430,1823,1844]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.95" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" unit="mm" value="3.95" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.7">3.7–4.2 mm</quantity>
); hindwing length average (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C6AFFCBFBEF3F4BFB36005C" box="[1122,1202,1853,1875]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-170@7.[145,1425,195,1434]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
),
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C6AFFCBFB483F4BFAA3005D" box="[1221,1319,1853,1875]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" unit="mm" value="3.42">3.42 mm</quantity>
(variation,
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C6AFFCBFCB63F2AFC40007F" box="[827,964,1884,1905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.45" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="1426" unit="mm" value="3.45" valueMax="3.7" valueMin="3.2">3.2–3.7 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DF5C19C6BFFCAFF1F3D7CFA970233" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994561" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6994561" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994561/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427" startId="5.[146,225,1290,1312]" targetBox="[146,1426,195,1250]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6BFFCAFF1F3D7CFA970233" blockId="5.[146,1426,1290,1341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6BFFCAFF1F3D7CFF7F0211" bold="true" box="[146,251,1290,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C6BFFCAFE8B3D7CFE73022E" authority="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck, 2022" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[262,503,1290,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6BFFCAFE8B3D7CFE73022E" box="[262,503,1290,1312]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245C4209C6BFFCAFE733D7CFDCF022E" box="[510,587,1290,1312]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C6BFFCAFDDA3D7CFD4A022E" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1908" box="[599,718,1290,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C6BFFCAFD553D7CFC1C022E" authorityName="MacLeod &amp; Adams" authorityYear="1967" box="[728,920,1290,1312]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyrenoberothinae">Cyrenoberothinae</taxonomicName>
). A, B, female abdomen with pollen in its gut. C, vegetation near the collection locality of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C6BFFCAFDB53D51FCAD0233" authority="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck, 2022" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[568,809,1319,1341]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6BFFCAFDB53D51FCAD0233" box="[568,809,1319,1341]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245C4209C6BFFCAFCA23D51FCFF0233" box="[815,891,1319,1341]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
paratype in Pernambuco State, Brazil.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C6BFFC9FF1C3D19FB190056" blockId="5.[145,761,1391,1904]" lastBlockId="6.[827,1443,1644,1881]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1428" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C6BFFCAFF1C3D19FEED028A" box="[145,361,1391,1413]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427">
Head (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C6BFFCAFF6C3D06FEDD028B" box="[225,345,1391,1413]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-170@7.[145,1425,195,1434]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1427">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Pale yellow, with amber marks. Vertex elevated above compound eyes, pale yellow without tubercles, with thin, medium-sized brown setae. Antennae moniliform, scape subrectangular, ~2.5 times as long as wide, pale yellow, bearing long and pale setae; pedicel subrectangular, approximately twice as long as wide, with medium-sized pale setae; flagellum pale brown with 45–49 articles; flagellomeres subquadrangular, bearing two rings of brown, long setae interspersed with small setae; apical flagellomere triangular. Compound eyes subspherical, black. Frons elongated, pale yellow, bearing small, pale setae. Clypeus pale yellow on medial region, amber on lateral margin, entire surface with scattered, fine, long, brown setae. Labrum narrow, amber, trapezoidal, with anterior margin concave; a group of preapical, tapered, amber setae is present, two of them longer and located on the lateral edge. Gena and postgena amber. Mandible triangular, with tapered apical tooth and one preapical and triangular tooth. Maxilla with cardo quadrangular and yellow, stipes rectangular and yellow; galea narrow, longer than stipes, pale amber, tapering at apex, bearing medium-sized amber setae, especially at interior margin; lacinia dark amber base and pale amber apex, apical part narrow, bearing medium-sized amber setae; maxillary palpus five-articulated; articles elongated and amber, with apex pale yellow, bearing dark amber setae; distal palpomere tapered apically. Labium with amber mentum, bearing small amber setae; ligula amber, with tapered triangular yellow apex, bearing long and tapered pale setae; labial palpus three-articulated; articles elongated and amber with apex pale yellow, bearing amber setae; distal palpomere tapered at apex.
<emphasis id="B976795B9C68FFC9FF2E3E1AFE1D018F" box="[163,409,1644,1666]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428">
Thorax (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C68FFC9FE813E1BFE0C018C" box="[268,392,1644,1666]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-170@7.[145,1425,195,1434]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428">Fig. 4A, D</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Pronotum subquadrangular, wider than long, with one transverse furrow; median region pale yellow, bearing small amber setae; lateral region dark amber, covered with abundant long and thin setae, with projected bases. Pleural region pale yellow interspersed with blackish marks, especially at anterior and posterior regions. Ventral region of prothorax pale yellow, with long and pale setae. Mesonotum slightly wider than long, bearing long amber setae; almost all surface is pale yellow except for the median line and anterolateral margins, which are blackish. Metanotum slightly smaller than mesonotum, similar to mesonotum in colour and shape, bearing amber setae. Pteropleurae mostly pale yellow, with blackish marks below wing bases; entire surface with long, amber setae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DF5C19C68FFC9FF293D93FA8F0138" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994563" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6994563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994563/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428" startId="6.[164,242,1509,1531]" targetBox="[167,1447,198,1466]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C68FFC9FF293D93FA8F0138" blockId="6.[164,1443,1509,1590]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C68FFC9FF293D93FE8F02F4" bold="true" box="[164,267,1509,1531]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C68FFC9FE3B3D93FDF602F5" authorityName="MacLeod &amp; Adams" authorityYear="1967" box="[438,626,1509,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyrenoberothinae">Cyrenoberothinae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C68FFC9FD0D3D93FD7802F5" authorityName="LINNAEUS" authorityYear="1758" box="[640,764,1509,1531]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Neuroptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C68FFC9FC893D93FCFF02F5" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1908" box="[772,891,1509,1531]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
). A, world map showing the distribution of all genera included here in
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C68FFC9FED43E75FD9F0117" authorityName="MacLeod &amp; Adams" authorityYear="1967" box="[345,539,1539,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyrenoberothinae">Cyrenoberothinae</taxonomicName>
. B, map of South America showing the records of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C68FFC9FBBD3E75FB410117" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[1072,1221,1539,1561]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C68FFC9FBBD3E75FB410117" box="[1072,1221,1539,1561]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428">Speleoberotha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C, maps showing in detail the three Brazilian states where
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C68FFC9FDB23E56FD550138" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[575,721,1568,1590]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C68FFC9FDB23E56FD550138" box="[575,721,1568,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1428">Speleoberotha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were collected: Ceará, Minas Gerais and Pernambuco.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7DF5C19C69FFC8FF1F3DB4FF7D013E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6994565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429" startId="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" targetBox="[145,1425,195,1433]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C69FFC8FF1F3DB4FF7D013E" blockId="7.[145,1425,1474,1584]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C69FFC8FF1F3DB4FF7802D9" bold="true" box="[146,252,1474,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C69FFC8FE8A3DB4FE7902D6" authority="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck, 2022" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[263,509,1474,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C69FFC8FE8A3DB4FE7902D6" box="[263,509,1474,1496]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245C4209C69FFC8FD893DB4FDD602D6" box="[516,594,1474,1496]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C69FFC8FDD23DB4FD5C02D6" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1908" box="[607,728,1474,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C69FFC8FD6F3DB4FC2102D6" authorityName="MacLeod &amp; Adams" authorityYear="1967" box="[738,933,1474,1496]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="1442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyrenoberothinae">Cyrenoberothinae</taxonomicName>
). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C69FFC8FF1C3E2BFB5301C0" blockId="7.[145,761,1628,1895]" lastBlockId="7.[809,1425,1628,1742]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C69FFC8FF1C3E2BFEB3017C" box="[145,311,1628,1650]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429">
Legs (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C69FFC8FF583E2BFEAC017F" box="[213,296,1628,1650]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-170@7.[145,1425,195,1434]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
All the legs pale yellow. Foreleg: coxa elongated, subcylindrical; entire surface with long and thin setae; trochanter and femur with long, pale setae; tibia narrow, with abundant long, fine and pale setae; tibial spurs absent; first tarsomere as long as the following three together; last tarsomere slightly shorter and darker than other tarsomeres; the whole surface with thick, long, yellow setae; tarsal claws amber. Midleg with coxa bearing some long setae; trochanter and femur covered with long, pale setae; tibia narrow, with abundant long and fine setae, tibial spurs absent; tarsi similar to foreleg tarsi. Hindleg similar to midleg in colour and shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C69FFC6FCA43E81FA090154" blockId="7.[809,1425,1783,1897]" lastBlockId="9.[809,1425,1543,1626]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1431" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C69FFC8FCA43E81FB250002" box="[809,1185,1783,1804]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429">
Wings (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C69FFC8FC013E81FB8A0002" box="[908,1038,1783,1804]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-170@7.[145,1425,195,1434]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="1429">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
); forewing:
</emphasis>
Broadened, with posterodistal margin convex.Wing venation alternating pale and dark brown, with abundant long and fine setae of the same colour as cuticle, margins beaded; trichosors present along wing margin. Membrane mostly hyaline but with dark markings surrounding the major forks and crossveins. Costal area narrow, with humeral recurrent vein; subcostal veinlets forked. Pterostigma suffused, weakly marked, with about six crossveins. Sc ending after the pterostigma and before the wing apex, not fused with radius anterior (RA). Subcostal area with two single crossveins, one of which is brown and located near the wing base, the other one is located at two-thirds of the wing length, brown and surrounded by a suffused dark mark. RA running parallel to subcostal (Sc). Radial area with one brown crossvein, surrounded by a suffused dark mark. Radius posterior (RP) with three branches forking at wing margin (two branches in a few smaller specimens); all radial forks with suffused dark marks. Gradate series inconspicuous. Basal branch of RP forked apically. Presence of two brown RP–media anterior (MA) crossveins: the basal one is located right after the origin of RP basal branch, and the distal one is located after the fork of the RP basal branch. M forking basally to R forks; each branch of M with a secondary fork. MA and media posterior (MP) ending in four main branches with some ramifications at wing margin; only one medial crossvein is present between MA and MP. One M–CuA and one MP–CuA crossvein are present near wing base. Cu forking near wing base, before M and R forks; CuA simple, ending in two main branches with some ramifications at wing margin, before the mid-length of the wing; CuP simple, ending in some small ramifications at wing margin. CuA– CuP crossveins absent. One basal CuP–A1 crossvein is present near wing base. Anal veins A1, A2 and A3 ending in some small ramifications at wing margin. A1–A2 and A2–A3 crossveins present near wing base.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DF5C19C66FFC7FF2E3DB1FA870116" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994567" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6994567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994567/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1430" startId="8.[163,242,1479,1501]" targetBox="[163,1424,195,1434]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C66FFC7FF2E3DB1FA870116" blockId="8.[163,1443,1479,1560]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1430">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C66FFC7FF2E3DB1FE8802D3" bold="true" box="[163,268,1479,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1430">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C66FFC7FE423DBEFD4402D0" authority="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck, 2022" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[463,704,1480,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C66FFC7FE423DBEFD4402D0" box="[463,704,1480,1502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1430">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245C4209C66FFC7FD4A3DBEFC9702D0" box="[711,787,1480,1502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1430" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C66FFC7FCAD3DBEFC1302D0" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1908" box="[800,919,1480,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1430" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C66FFC7FC2C3DBEFBE502D0" authorityName="MacLeod &amp; Adams" authorityYear="1967" box="[929,1121,1480,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="1442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyrenoberothinae">Cyrenoberothinae</taxonomicName>
). A, B, lateral views. C, oblique view. D, E, genital complex, oblique view. Abbreviations: ect, ectoproct; gph10, tenth gonapophyses; gst10, tenth gonostyli; gx9–gx11, ninth–eleventh gonocoxites; S8, S9, eighth and ninth sternites; T8, T9, eighth and ninth tergites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF7DF5C19C67FFC6FF1C3DFCFAA802D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994569" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6994569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994569/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1431" startId="9.[145,227,1418,1440]" targetBox="[145,1418,195,1366]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C67FFC6FF1C3DFCFAA802D4" blockId="9.[145,1425,1418,1498]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1431">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C67FFC6FF1C3DFCFF7B0291" bold="true" box="[145,255,1418,1440]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1431">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C67FFC6FE5D3DFCFD4A02AE" authority="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck, 2022" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[464,718,1418,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C67FFC6FE5D3DFCFD4A02AE" box="[464,718,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1431">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245C4209C67FFC6FD5A3DFCFCAC02AE" box="[727,808,1418,1440]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1431" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C67FFC6FCBA3DFCFC3002AE" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1908" box="[823,948,1418,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1431" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C67FFC6FC4D3DFCFB0D02AE" authorityName="MacLeod &amp; Adams" authorityYear="1967" box="[960,1161,1418,1440]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="1442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyrenoberothinae">Cyrenoberothinae</taxonomicName>
). A, B, ventral views. C, caudal view. D, genital complex, ventral view. E, genital complex, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect, ectoproct; gph10, tenth gonapophyses; gst10, tenth gonostyli; gx9–gx11, ninth–eleventh gonocoxites; S9, ninth sternite; T9, ninth tergite.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C67FFC4FCA43EF5FDC2069D" blockId="9.[809,1424,1667,1903]" lastBlockId="11.[145,761,197,403]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="1433" pageId="9" pageNumber="1431">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C67FFC6FCA43EF5FC2D0196" box="[809,937,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1431">Hindwing:</emphasis>
Broadened, shorter and narrower than forewing, with posterodistal margin convex. Wing venation alternating pale and dark brown, with abundant long and fine setae of the same colour as cuticle; margins beaded; trichosors present along wing margin. Membrane mostly hyaline but with dark markings surrounding some forks and crossveins. Costal area narrow, with ~25 unforked subcostal veinlets. Pterostigma suffused, weakly marked, with approximately six crossveins. Sc ending after the pterostigma and before the wing apex, not fused with RA. Two Sc–RA are present near two-thirds of wing length. RA running parallel to SC. Radial area with one brown crossvein surrounded by a suffused dark mark. RP with three branches ending forked at wing margin; RP forks with small, suffused dark mark. Gradate series inconspicuous. Basal branch of RP straight and forking apically. Presence of one brown RP–MA crossvein, located near MA bifurcation. M forking origin of the basal branch of RP, near one-third of wing length; MA ending in four main branches with some ramifications at wing margin; MP ending in two main branches with small ramifications; only one medial crossvein is present, located before the forks of MA and MP. One MP–Cu crossvein is located near Cu apex. Cu forks inconspicuous, making the difference between CuA and CuP difficult to see. One long and sinuous Cu–A1 crossvein is located near the wing base. A1 bifurcated; A2 and A3 simple.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7DF5C19C64FFC5FF2E3D86FB8E0151" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994571" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6994571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994571/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1432" startId="10.[163,243,1520,1542]" targetBox="[323,1232,195,1475]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C64FFC5FF2E3D86FB8E0151" blockId="10.[163,1443,1520,1631]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1432">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C64FFC5FF2E3D86FE890108" bold="true" box="[163,269,1520,1542]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1432">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C64FFC5FE633D87FD610109" authority="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck, 2022" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[494,741,1521,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C64FFC5FE633D87FD610109" box="[494,741,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1432">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A245C4209C64FFC5FD613D87FCBE0109" box="[748,826,1521,1543]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1432" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C64FFC5FCCA3D87FC440109" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1908" box="[839,960,1521,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1432" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C64FFC5FC463D87FB0A0109" authorityName="MacLeod &amp; Adams" authorityYear="1967" box="[971,1166,1521,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="1442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyrenoberothinae">Cyrenoberothinae</taxonomicName>
). A, B, lateral views. C, D, ventral view. E, spermatheca, lateral view. F, spermatheca, ventral view. Abbreviations: bc, bursa copulatrix; d.s., distal portion of spermatheca; ect, ectoproct; gph9, gonapophyses 9; m.s., median portion of spermatheca; p.s., proximal portion of spermatheca; S7, seventh sternite; sp, spermatheca; T7–T9, seventh–ninth tergites.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C65FFC4FF1C39C2FDAA052B" blockId="11.[145,761,436,550]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF1C39C2FEF506C7" box="[145,369,436,457]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
Abdomen (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C65FFC4FE8339C2FEE506C7" box="[270,353,436,457]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[146,226,1474,1496]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1433]" captionTargetId="figure-170@7.[145,1425,195,1434]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, habitus, lateral. B, wings. C, head, frontal view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A1, A2, anal veins; CuA, cubitus anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; MA, media anterior; MP, media posterior; RA, radius anterior; RP, radius posterior; Sc, subcostal; 1r-m, first radial–medial crossvein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994565" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994565/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Tergites and pleural membrane yellow, with spotted small dark brown marks. Sternites yellow. The entire abdominal surface covered with abundant long, fine, yellowish setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C65FFC4FF1C3A32FDAB0482" blockId="11.[145,761,580,908]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF1C3A32FE3B0557" box="[145,447,580,601]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C65FFC4FEC63A32FE170557" box="[331,403,580,601]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1479,1501]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,195,1434]" captionTargetId="figure-194@8.[163,1443,195,1440]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Male genitalia of Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, B, lateral views. C, oblique view. D, E, genital complex, oblique view. Abbreviations: ect, ectoproct; gph10, tenth gonapophyses; gst10, tenth gonostyli; gx9–gx11, ninth–eleventh gonocoxites; S8, S9, eighth and ninth sternites; T8, T9, eighth and ninth tergites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994567" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994567/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C65FFC4FE2C3A32FE2B0557" box="[417,431,580,601]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="9.[145,227,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[145,1418,195,1366]" captionTargetId="figure-219@9.[145,1425,195,1378]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 6. Male genitalia of Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, B, ventral views. C, caudal view. D, genital complex, ventral view. E, genital complex, caudal view. Abbreviations: ect, ectoproct; gph10, tenth gonapophyses; gst10, tenth gonostyli; gx9–gx11, ninth–eleventh gonocoxites; S9, ninth sternite; T9, ninth tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994569" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994569/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">6</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Tergite 9 wider ventrally and not fused with ectoproct. Ectoproct without callus cerci, distally extending in lateral view; in dorsal view, the distal extensions curving outward. Sternite 9 subtriangular in ventral view and not bearing any lobes, but bearing four large, modified and clavate setae. Gonocoxites 11 and 9 as two simple, unpaired bows, connected basally. Complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 long and acute apically, but shorter or of the same length as gonocoxites
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C65FFC4FEB13B2EFEF20460" box="[316,374,856,878]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
lateral view. Gonapophyses 10 as two small ventral hooked structures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C65FFC4FF1C3BC0FE8903CE" blockId="11.[145,761,949,1216]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF1C3BC0FE7C04C5" box="[145,504,949,971]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
Female genitalia (
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C65FFC4FE1E3BC0FE6704C4" box="[403,483,949,971]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="10.[163,243,1520,1542]" captionTargetBox="[323,1232,195,1475]" captionTargetId="figure-144@10.[323,1283,195,1481]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 7. Female genitalia of Speleoberotha palomae sp. nov. (Berothidae: Cyrenoberothinae). A, B, lateral views. C, D, ventral view. E, spermatheca, lateral view. F, spermatheca, ventral view. Abbreviations: bc, bursa copulatrix; d.s., distal portion of spermatheca; ect, ectoproct; gph9, gonapophyses 9; m.s., median portion of spermatheca; p.s., proximal portion of spermatheca; S7, seventh sternite; sp, spermatheca; T7–T9, seventh–ninth tergites." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994571" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994571/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
):
</emphasis>
Gonocoxites and g o n a p o p h y s e s o f s e g m e n t 8 a b s e n t; t e r g i t e 9 n o t f u s e d w i t h e c t o p r o c t; t e r g i t e 9 v e n t r a l l y elongated; gonocoxites 9 ovoid, hypocaudae lacking; gonapophyses 9 as tiny curved sclerites; spermatheca elongated and coiled, becoming narrower and sclerotized in the medial and final portions; proximal portion opening in a large and membranous bursa copulatrix.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C65FFC4FF1C3C9FFDD90254" blockId="11.[145,760,1256,1371]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<materialsCitation id="3B6AAF149C65FFC4FF1C3C9FFDD90254" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3888703308" collectingDate="2017-11-24" collectingDateMax="2017-12-01" collectingDateMin="2017-11-24" collectionCode="T, DZUP" collectorName="Shimabukuro P. H. F. &amp; Lopes" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.8344443" location="Parque Nacional de Ubajara" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.90806" municipality="Ubajara" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" specimenCode="DZUP 381919" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ceara" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF1C3C9FFF7903F0" box="[145,253,1257,1278]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<typeStatus id="54B91BEB9C65FFC4FF1C3C9FFF7303F0" box="[145,247,1257,1278]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F315E5D99C65FFC4FE893C9FFEE303F0" box="[260,359,1257,1278]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FEFF3C9EFE3B03F0" bold="true" box="[370,447,1256,1278]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<collectingRegion id="49C66BAB9C65FFC4FEFF3C9EFE3B03F0" box="[370,447,1256,1278]" country="Brazil" name="Ceara" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Ceará</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD93F339C65FFC4FE413C9FFDA903F1" box="[460,557,1257,1279]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Ubajara</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="8EDDF3929C65FFC4FDB53C9FFE920210" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4:8EDDF3929C65FFC4FDB53C9FFE920210" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.8344443" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.90806" municipality="Ubajara" name="Parque Nacional de Ubajara" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" stateProvince="Ceara">Parque Nacional de Ubajara</location>
:
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,
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,
<date id="FFBC83899C65FFC4FDCC3D7EFECB0235" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" value="2017-11-24" valueMax="2017-12-01" valueMin="2017-11-24">
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</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="5243DD5E9C65FFC4FED33D50FE510232" box="[350,469,1318,1340]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">CDC trap</collectingMethod>
,
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&amp;
<collectorName id="26F7C09F9C65FFC4FF1C3D33FF500254" box="[145,212,1349,1370]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Lopes</collectorName>
<collectionCode id="ED133D8C9C65FFC4FF543D33FF6F0254" box="[217,235,1349,1370]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">T</collectionCode>
.A.,
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(male;
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).
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C65FFC4FF1C3DF2FDB30180" blockId="11.[145,763,1409,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF1C3DF2FEB40297" box="[145,304,1412,1433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<typeStatus id="54B91BEB9C65FFC4FF1C3DF2FE800297" box="[145,260,1412,1433]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FE993DF2FEB40297" box="[276,304,1412,1433]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="male">23</specimenCount>
</emphasis>
♂,
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FEDC3DF2FEFB0297" box="[337,383,1409,1433]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="female">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FEDC3DF2FEE90297" box="[337,365,1412,1433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">22</emphasis>
♀
</specimenCount>
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FE0D3DF2FE230297" box="[384,423,1412,1433]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">): S</emphasis>
ame
<materialsCitation id="3B6AAF149C65FFC4FE6C3DF2FE7402D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3888703302" collectingDate="2017-11-24" collectingDateMax="2017-12-01" collectingDateMin="2017-11-24" collectionCode="DZUP, NHMW, RPSP" collectorName="Shimabukuro P. H. F. &amp; Lopes" country="Brazil" latitude="-3.8344443" location="Parque Nacional de Ubajara" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-40.90806" municipality="Ubajara" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" specimenCode="DZUP 381920-381923" specimenCount="6" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Ceara" typeStatus="paratype">
data as holotype,
<specimenCode id="DBA40D329C65FFC4FD3C3DF2FEC002B9" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="University or college">DZUP 381920–381923</specimenCode>
(
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FED93DD4FE1702B9" box="[340,403,1439,1463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="male">ten ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FE2D3DD4FE6802B9" box="[416,492,1439,1464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="female">nine ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED133D8C9C65FFC4FE773DD4FDC002B9" box="[506,580,1442,1463]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
); (
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FDD33DD4FD2602B9" box="[606,674,1439,1463]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="male">two ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FD3D3DD5FD7602B9" box="[688,754,1439,1464]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="female">two ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED133D8C9C65FFC4FF1C3DB7FF6802D8" box="[145,236,1473,1494]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
); (
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FE8B3DB7FEC302D8" box="[262,327,1470,1494]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="male">one ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FED83DB7FE1202D8" box="[341,406,1470,1494]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="female">one ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED133D8C9C65FFC4FE2E3DB7FE6C02D8" box="[419,488,1473,1494]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/745q-57sa" name="Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">RPSP</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6AAF149C65FFC4FE763DB7FD77013C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3888703301" collectingDate="2011-10-23" collectingDateMax="2017-12-01" collectingDateMin="2017-11-24" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="Silva-Neto, A. &amp; Xavier, M. &amp; Lima, E." country="Brazil" elevation="799" latitude="-3.8446665" location="Serra do Ibiapaba" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-40.909725" municipality="Ubajara" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Ceara" typeStatus="paratype">
same data as holotype but
<location id="8EDDF3929C65FFC4FF483D96FE2E02F8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4:8EDDF3929C65FFC4FF483D96FE2E02F8" box="[197,426,1504,1526]" latitude="-3.8446665" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="-40.909725" name="Serra do Ibiapaba" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Serra do Ibiapaba</location>
,
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,
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<elevation id="002F427A9C65FFC4FF1C3D88FF59011A" box="[145,221,1534,1556]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.99" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" unit="m" value="799.0">799 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="FFBC83899C65FFC4FF613D88FE32011D" box="[236,438,1534,1556]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" value="2011-10-23">
<collectingDate id="EFF87A619C65FFC4FF613D88FE32011D" box="[236,438,1534,1556]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" value="2011-10-23">23 October 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectingMethod id="5243DD5E9C65FFC4FE493D88FDBE011A" box="[452,570,1534,1556]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">light trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="26F7C09F9C65FFC4FDC43D88FD70011A" box="[585,756,1534,1556]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Silva-Neto, A.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="26F7C09F9C65FFC4FF1C3E6BFE90013C" box="[145,276,1565,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Xavier, M.</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="26F7C09F9C65FFC4FEB23E6BFE29013C" box="[319,429,1565,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Lima, E.</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FE4C3E6BFDA4013C" box="[449,544,1562,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="male">eight ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FDBE3E6BFD0C013C" box="[563,648,1562,1587]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="female">nine ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED133D8C9C65FFC4FD113E6BFD68013C" box="[668,748,1565,1586]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">UFBA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B6AAF149C65FFC4FF1C3E4AFDB60180" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3888703304" collectionCode="UFBA" collectorName="Cavalcante, A." country="Brazil" county="Triunfo" elevation="890" latitude="-7.8675003" location="Cachoeira do Pinga" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-38.120277" municipality="Riacho do Pinga" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Pernambuco" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF1C3E4AFEB7015F" bold="true" box="[145,307,1596,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<collectingRegion id="49C66BAB9C65FFC4FF1C3E4AFEB7015F" box="[145,307,1596,1617]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Pernambuco</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty id="62DCDDC59C65FFC4FEB33E4AFE13015C" box="[318,407,1596,1618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Triunfo</collectingCounty>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD93F339C65FFC4FE2C3E4AFDDE015C" box="[417,602,1596,1618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Riacho do Pinga</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EDDF3929C65FFC4FDE83E4AFF52017E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AB145F9C6AFFC3FC143CE4FC8707F4:8EDDF3929C65FFC4FDE83E4AFF52017E" country="Brazil" county="Triunfo" latitude="-7.8675003" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-38.120277" municipality="Riacho do Pinga" name="Cachoeira do Pinga" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" stateProvince="Pernambuco">Cachoeira do Pinga</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36C38E9C65FFC4FF6F3E2CFEDB0161" box="[226,351,1625,1648]" degrees="07" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" precision="15" seconds="03" value="-7.8675003">07°52′03″S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE36C38E9C65FFC4FEE63E2CFE74017E" box="[363,496,1625,1648]" degrees="38" direction="west" minutes="07" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-38.120277">38°07′13″W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C65FFC4FE763E2CFDC1017E" box="[507,581,1626,1648]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" unit="m" value="890.0">
<elevation id="002F427A9C65FFC4FE763E2CFDC1017E" box="[507,581,1626,1648]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" unit="m" value="890.0">890 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingMethod id="5243DD5E9C65FFC4FDDC3E2CFD70017E" box="[593,756,1626,1648]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">light pan trap</collectingMethod>
,
<collectorName id="26F7C09F9C65FFC4FF1C3E0FFEB10180" box="[145,309,1657,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Cavalcante, A.</collectorName>
(
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FECF3E0FFE010180" box="[322,389,1654,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="male">two ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D046EC09C65FFC4FE1F3E0FFE560180" box="[402,466,1654,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" type="female">one ♀</specimenCount>
;
<collectionCode id="ED133D8C9C65FFC4FE523E0FFDAF0180" box="[479,555,1657,1678]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">UFBA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C65FFC4FF1C3ECCFF7A01DC" blockId="11.[145,254,1722,1746]" box="[145,254,1722,1746]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF1C3ECCFF7A01DC" box="[145,254,1722,1746]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C65FFC4FF1C3E94FBB3069D" blockId="11.[145,761,1762,1907]" lastBlockId="11.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FF1C3E94FE2C01F9" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[145,424,1762,1783]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF1C3E94FE2C01F9" box="[145,424,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FE653E94FD7D01F6" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[488,761,1762,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineira">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FE653E94FD7D01F6" box="[488,761,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha mineira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are almost identical eidonomically; body colour and wing venation are basically the same in both species. However,
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FF723F48FD86005A" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[255,514,1854,1876]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineira">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF723F48FD86005A" box="[255,514,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha mineira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly larger than
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FF1C3F2BFE28007C" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[145,428,1885,1906]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FF1C3F2BFE28007C" box="[145,428,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and their male terminalia are different, particularly in the shape of sternite 9, length of the complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10 and the presence of the gonapophyses
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C65FFC4FAC73975FA0A0616" box="[1354,1422,258,280]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FCA43957FBCD0638" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[809,1097,289,310]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FCA43957FBCD0638" box="[809,1097,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Female genitalia of both species are similar, but
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FBC43936FADA065B" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[1097,1374,320,341]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FBC43936FADA065B" box="[1097,1374,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has larger gonapophyses 9 and bursa copulatrix than
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FCA4390BFBB4069D" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[809,1072,381,403]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mineira">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FCA4390BFBB4069D" box="[809,1072,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha mineira</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C65FFC4FCCC39EAFB7E0205" blockId="11.[809,1426,197,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
The paired hooked structures located apically in the male terminalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FBCA39CCFAE406C1" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[1095,1376,442,463]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FBCA39CCFAE406C1" box="[1095,1376,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are interpreted here as the gonapophyses 10. These structures are clearly located internally and are not related to sternite IX. They seem to be unique in
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FCA43A43FC290545" authorityName="Handlirsch" authorityYear="1908" box="[809,941,565,587]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Berothidae</taxonomicName>
, because no other species have something similar to them. In
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FB8A3A22FB2E0564" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[1031,1194,596,618]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1443" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Mantispoidea">Mantispoidea</taxonomicName>
, the only structures that could somehow be related to these paired structures of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FC4D3AE7FB4905A8" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[960,1229,657,678]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FC4D3AE7FB4905A8" box="[960,1229,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are traditionally called the hypomeres in
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FBD63AC6FB7205C8" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1115,1270,688,710]" class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Mantispidae</taxonomicName>
, which were interpreted as gonapophyses 10 by
<bibRefCitation id="EF93D8B89C65FFC4FB423AB8FC30040C" author="Ardila-Camacho A &amp; Martins CC &amp; Aspock U &amp; Ramos A" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref11599" refString="Ardila-Camacho A, Martins CC, Aspock U, Contreras- Ramos A. 2021. Comparative morphology of extant raptorial Mantispoidea (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Rhachiberothidae) suggests a non-monophyletic Mantispidae and a single origin of the raptorial condition within the superfamily. Zootaxa 4992: 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="2021">
Ardila-Camacho
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FCA43A98FCE7040C" box="[809,867,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">et al.</emphasis>
(2021)
</bibRefCitation>
. In
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FC693A9BFB14040D" box="[996,1168,749,771]" class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Symphrasinae">Symphrasinae</taxonomicName>
, the gonapophyses 10 are a pair of elongated rods located near the complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FB763B5CFA14044E" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1275,1424,810,832]" class="Insecta" family="Mantispidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Mantispinae">Mantispinae</taxonomicName>
they are reduced and located near the apex of the complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10. No other paired structures besides the gonapophyses 10 have been described in the male terminalia of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FB693BD3FA0F04B5" baseAuthorityName="Leach" baseAuthorityYear="1815" box="[1252,1419,933,955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1443" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Mantispoidea">Mantispoidea</taxonomicName>
, and for this reason we tentative call these structures in
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FCC03B94FBF604F9" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[845,1138,994,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FCC03B94FBF604F9" box="[845,1138,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the gonapophyses 10. We suggest that these paired structures are a plesiomorphic character retained by this new species, which could be reinforced by the position of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FCA43C2BFB84037D" authorityName="MacLeod &amp; Adams" authorityYear="1967" box="[809,1024,1117,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cyrenoberothinae">Cyrenoberothinae</taxonomicName>
in our phylogeny and by the fact the members of the subfamily are known to retain plesiomorphic characters, such as the tergite IX and ectoproct not fused, the presence of the recurrent humeral in the forewing and the lack of bristles in the complex gonocoxites + gonostyli 10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBDA5499C65FFC3FCCC3D63FC8707F4" blockId="11.[809,1426,197,1905]" lastBlockId="12.[163,778,197,250]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1434" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">
Most of the
<typeStatus id="54B91BEB9C65FFC4FC5E3D63FB820224" box="[979,1030,1301,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">type</typeStatus>
series of
<taxonomicName id="4C02DECA9C65FFC4FBF13D63FA140224" authorityName="Machado &amp; Martins &amp; Aspöck &amp; Tavares &amp; Aspöck" authorityYear="2022" box="[1148,1424,1301,1322]" class="Insecta" family="Berothidae" genus="Speleoberotha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palomae">
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FBF13D63FA140224" box="[1148,1424,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Speleoberotha palomae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected at the Ubajara National Park, a protected area in the wider Caatinga Biome, the most xeric biome of
<collectingCountry id="F315E5D99C65FFC4FC513D07FBAD0289" box="[988,1065,1393,1415]" name="Brazil" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. However, the park is located on the Ibiapaba ridge, an elevated area (
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a.s.l. at the highest point) with higher precipitation, supporting some forested areas with many elements shared with the Atlantic rainforest biome, usually classified as ‘brejo de altitude’ (
<bibRefCitation id="EF93D8B89C65FFC4FB103E7CFA060111" author="Queiroz LP &amp; Cardoso D &amp; Fernandes MF &amp; Moro MF" box="[1181,1410,1546,1568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" pagination="23 - 63" refId="ref12676" refString="Queiroz LP, Cardoso D, Fernandes MF, Moro MF. 2017. Diversity and evolution of flowering plants of the Caatinga Domain. In: Silva JMC, Leal IR, Tabarelli M, eds. Caatinga, the largest tropical dry forest region in South America. New York: Springer, 23 - 63." type="book chapter" year="2017">
Queiroz
<emphasis id="B976795B9C65FFC4FA8C3E7DFABF0111" box="[1281,1339,1546,1568]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">et al.</emphasis>
, 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Ubajara National Park contains a total of 11 caves, and the specimens presented here were collected close to one of these (P. H. F. Shimabukuro, personal communication), suggesting that the species might live inside caves, as its congeneric species does. The specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49C66BAB9C65FFC4FC643EB4FB4601D9" box="[1001,1218,1730,1752]" country="Brazil" name="Pernambuco" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Pernambuco State</collectingRegion>
were collected at Triunfo, a municipality located at the highest point of the state and also surrounded by Atlantic forest of a ‘brejo de altitude’
<typeStatus id="54B91BEB9C65FFC4FC783F69FBA3003A" box="[1013,1063,1823,1844]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">type</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="1339B9CC9C65FFC4FBB83F68FB02003D" box="[1077,1158,1822,1844]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[164,242,1509,1531]" captionTargetBox="[167,1447,198,1466]" captionTargetId="figure-149@6.[164,1450,195,1469]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Distribution of Cyrenoberothinae (Neuroptera: Berothidae). A, world map showing the distribution of all genera included here in Cyrenoberothinae. B, map of South America showing the records of Speleoberotha. C, maps showing in detail the three Brazilian states where Speleoberotha were collected: Ceará, Minas Gerais and Pernambuco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6994563" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6994563/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). However, the location of these collected specimens lacks any known nearby caves and/or grottos, but has a
<quantity id="4CFA08AC9C65FFC4FBF03F2DFB36007F" box="[1149,1202,1883,1905]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="1433" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
waterfall and rocky formations, which includes many rock overhangs and similar sheltered sites that this species might prefer.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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