383 lines
42 KiB
XML
383 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.897.38529" ID-GBIF-Dataset="75b6f019-d37c-473c-9bd5-cd2f5e16dd6e" ID-PMC="PMC6914723" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-897-67" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D19F8E67E71A5318A4E6C57EF9034E98" ID-PubMed="31857788" ID-ZooBank="88D86D5E12BC4C97A3BE3A5F704A8753" ModsDocID="1313-2970-897-67" checkinTime="1575910653914" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kyaw, Khine Mon Mon, Yagi, Sadahisa, Oku, Jouhei, Sakamaki, Yositaka & Hirowatari, Toshiya" docDate="2019" docId="EB01F302B41C555194E3114082D4FF0F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 897: 67-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 897" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.897.38529" docTitle="Thiotricha elaeocarpiella Kyaw, Yagi & Hirowatari, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="D19F8E67E71A5318A4E6C57EF9034E98" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="D19F8E67E71A5318A4E6C57EF9034E98" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic study of Thiotricha Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) in Japan, with the description of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1668168214837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic study of Thiotricha Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) in Japan, with the description of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kyaw, Khine Mon Mon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Yagi, Sadahisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Oku, Jouhei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Sakamaki, Yositaka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Hirowatari, Toshiya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>897</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>67</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.897.38529</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.897.38529</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-897-67</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="160681486" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB01F302B41C555194E3114082D4FF0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB01F302B41C555194E3114082D4FF0F" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName LSID="EB01F302-B41C-5551-94E3-114082D4FF0F" authority="Kyaw, Yagi & Hirowatari" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Thiotricha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiotricha elaeocarpiella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpiella">Thiotricha elaeocarpiella Kyaw, Yagi & Hirowatari</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="67">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Adults of Thiotricha spp. A T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., male (holotype) B ditto, female (paratype) C T. flavitermina sp. nov., male (holotype) D ditto, female (paratype) E ditto, male (paratype) F ditto, female (paratype). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362713" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure5">Figs 5A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labial palps of Thiotricha elaeocarpiella sp. nov. A male with hair pencils, paratype B female without hair pencils., paratype. Scale bars: 0.4 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362714" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure6">6A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Wing venation of Thiotricha spp., male. A T. biformis B T. angustella comb. nov. C T. venustalis comb. nov. D T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. E T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., paratype F T. flavitermina sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362715" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure7">7E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Male genitalia of Thiotricha spp. A, B T. biformis A male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 143 B phallus C, D T. angustella comb. nov. C male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 106 D phallus E, F T. venustalis comb. nov. E male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 1 F phallus G, H T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. G male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 43 H phallus I, J T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., holotype I male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 88 J phallus K, L T. flavitermina sp. nov., holotype K male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 100 L phallus. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (genitalia), 0.2 mm (phallus)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362716" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure8">8I, J</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Abdominal segments of Thiotricha spp. A T. biformis. B T. angustella comb. nov. C T. venustalis comb. nov. D T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. E T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., paratype F T. flavitermina sp. nov. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362717" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure9">9E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Female genitalia of Thiotricha spp. A T. biformis, gen. slide no. KM- 145 B T. angustella comb. nov., with close up of signum, gen. slide no. KM- 118 C T. venustalis comb. nov., gen. slide no. KM- 52 D T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. with close up of signum, gen. slide no. KM- 128 E T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov. with close up of signum, paratype, gen. slide no. KM- 132 F T. flavitermina sp. nov. with close up of signum, paratype, gen. slide no. KM- 55. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362718" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure10">10E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Biology of Thiotricha elaeocarpiella sp. nov. and its host plant A host plant, Elaeocarpus zollingeri (Elaeocarpaceae) B host plant, Rhaphiolepis indica (Rosaceae) C larval portable case made of a young shoot of R. indica on the underside of the leaf D larval portable cases made with flower buds of E. zollingeri E close up of larval portable cases F different types of portable cases. Left arrow indicates the portable case made of E. zollingeri, right arrow indicates the portable case made of R. indica G larva within the flower bud H pupa exuviae I resting posture of adult, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362720" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure12">
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12
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pupa of Thiotricha spp. A-C T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. D-F T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov. A, D dorsal view B, E ventral view C, F lateral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362721" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure13">13E, F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Pupa of Thiotricha chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. A head, lateral view Arrow indicates many minute spines on vertex B seventh abdominal segment, ventral view Arrow indicates oval pad armed with a row of spines C seventh abdominal segment, dorsal view Arrow indicates a row of spines on both anterior and caudal margin D seventh abdominal segment, lateral view Arrow indicates oval pad armed with a row of spines and rows of tergal spines. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362722" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure14">14E, F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Cnaphostola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cnaphostola" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cnaphostola</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2:
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<bibRefCitation author="Oku, J" journalOrPublisher="Lepidoptera Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" pagination="19 - 32" refId="B21" refString="Oku, J, Sakamaki, Y, Sameshima, S, Tsuda, K, Terada, T, 2018. Records of Gelechioid moths from Amami-Ōshima Island. Lepidoptera Science 69: 19 - 32" title="Records of Gelechioid moths from Amami-Ōshima Island." volume="69" year="2018">Oku et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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: 30, fig. 45.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Holotype</emphasis>
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: Japan -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Kyushu</emphasis>
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• 1 ♂, Fukuoka Pref., Kyushu Univ. Ito Campus, Nishi-ku; 7 Aug. 2017; S. Yagi, T. Hirowatari, K. M. M. Kyaw & C. Tsuji leg.; case on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rhaphiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhaphiolepis indica" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Rhaphiolepis indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(case made from flower bud of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus zollingeri" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zollingeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Elaeocarpus zollingeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); 19 Aug. 2017 em.; gen. slide no. KM-88; in ELKU.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Japan -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Kyushu</emphasis>
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[Fukuoka] • 1♂; same locality and collectors as holotype; 26 May. 2017; portable case on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rhaphiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhaphiolepis indica" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Rhaphiolepis indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 17 Jul. 2017 em.; gen. slide no. KM-40 • 3♂♂; same locality and collectors as holotype; 31 Jul. 2017; Host:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rhaphiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhaphiolepis indica" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Rhaphiolepis indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 7 Aug. 2017 em.; gen. slide no. KM-104,105 • 2♂♂; same locality and collector as holotype; 22 Jul. 2017; Host:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rhaphiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhaphiolepis indica" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Rhaphiolepis indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 31 Aug. 2017 em. • 1♀; same locality; 22 Jul. 2017; Host:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rhaphiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhaphiolepis indica" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Rhaphiolepis indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 27 Aug. 2017; K.M.M.Kyaw leg.; gen. slide no. KM-132. -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Kyushu</emphasis>
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[Kagoshima] • 1♀; Satahetsuka (L), Minamiousumi Town; 9-10 Jul. 2011; T. Terada leg. (KGU). -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Ryukyus</emphasis>
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[Kagoshima] • 1♂, 1♀; Amami-Oshima Is., Mt. Yuwan-dake, Uken; 17 Aug. 2012; S. Sameshima leg.; gen. slide no. KM-23(♂), 56(♀); KGU • 1♀; same locality; 4 May. 2013; K. Tsuda leg.; KGU • 1♀; same locality; 4 Aug. 2014; S. Sameshima leg.; KGU • 1♂; same locality; 5 May. 2015; S. Sameshima leg. (KGU); gen slide no. KM-24 • 4♀♀; Akatsuchiyama, Yuwan, Uken-son, 245m; 6 Jul. 2016; LT; S. Yagi leg.; KM-82; 116; 125. -
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Ryukyus</emphasis>
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[Okinawa] • 1♂; Okinawa ken, Higashi son Kunigami, Takae; T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, K.M.M.Kyaw leg. • 1♀; Kenmin no-mori, Afuso; 11 Aug. 2017 (larva); Host:
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus zollingeri" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zollingeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Elaeocarpus zollingeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; 29 Aug. 2017 em.; same collectors; gen. slide no. KM-89.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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At a glance, the external features are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. chujaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="chujaensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. chujaensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Park, 2016) comb. nov. but it can be distinguished by wing markings in the distal yellow zone of the forewing, which lacks a distinct blackish streak below the middle of the yellow zone and features grayish scales at the costal margin before the apex and the area beyond the tornus. Additionally, it can easily be distinguished based on the male genitalia; the uncus is more rounded apically; the gnathos is U-shaped and acute apically; the valva is narrowly elongate with a sharped pre-apical process ca. 1/4 of the way along its length and the vinculum lacks thumb-like lobes posteriorly; the saccus has a rounded base. The shape of the phallus is also different. However, the male genitalia are similar to those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Thiotricha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiotricha clidias" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clidias">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Thiotricha clidias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Meyrick, 1918, which was described from Khasi Hills, India, although they differ in the shape of the phallus. In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. clidias" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="clidias">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. clidias</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Meyrick, 1918, the phallus is rounded basally, abruptly sinuate and slender in distally but as a cucurbit-shaped in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="T. elaeocarpiella" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="elaeocarpiella">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. elaeocarpiella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Adults of Thiotricha spp. A T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., male (holotype) B ditto, female (paratype) C T. flavitermina sp. nov., male (holotype) D ditto, female (paratype) E ditto, male (paratype) F ditto, female (paratype). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362713" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure5">Figs 5A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labial palps of Thiotricha elaeocarpiella sp. nov. A male with hair pencils, paratype B female without hair pencils., paratype. Scale bars: 0.4 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362714" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure6">6A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Wing venation of Thiotricha spp., male. A T. biformis B T. angustella comb. nov. C T. venustalis comb. nov. D T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. E T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., paratype F T. flavitermina sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362715" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure7">7E</figureCitation>
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) Forewing length 2.9 mm in holotype, 2.6-3.4 mm in paratypes. Wing expanse 6.4 mm in holotype, 5.2-7.1 mm in paratypes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: shiny creamy white with appressed scales. Antennae filiform, basal segment elongate and creamy white, sparsely speckled with brown scales; flagellum grayish white on dorsal surface before midpoint, then brownish gray beyond on its dorsal and ventral surfaces, with extraordinarily long and fine cilia ventrally. Labial palpus white, moderately long and recurved; first segment approximately half the length of the second, with blackish gray scales on lateral surface; second segment as much as 1.5 times the length of the first, creamy white throughout on outer surface; bundle of hair pencils arising from apex of first and second segment, appressed on dorsal surface to near the end of the third segment; third segment as thick as second, with blackish gray scales medially on lower surface ventrally, shiny creamy white evenly on both surfaces, apex sharply acute (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labial palps of Thiotricha elaeocarpiella sp. nov. A male with hair pencils, paratype B female without hair pencils., paratype. Scale bars: 0.4 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362714" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure6">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: creamy white. Tegula shiny, creamy white dorsally, ornamented with blackish gray scales along anterior margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: white; forefemur, tibia, and tarsus suffused inwardly with blackish brown; scattered with white scales on outer surface; mid femur entirely white; mid tibia and tarsus white but slightly speckled with blackish brown scales on outer surface; hind femur white; hind tibia creamy white, with a row of long, stiff, stout, creamy white bristles above and below, suffused with a small blackish gray scale on lateral outer surface posteriorly; first tarsal segment entirely blackish gray; second and third segment white with blackish gray apical ring; last two segments white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Forewing</emphasis>
|
||
: eleven veins, R4 + M1 stalked, R5 absent, anal vein furcate (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Wing venation of Thiotricha spp., male. A T. biformis B T. angustella comb. nov. C T. venustalis comb. nov. D T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. E T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., paratype F T. flavitermina sp. nov., paratype." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362715" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure7">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing ground color shiny grayish white to white to ca. 3/4 of the way from base; distinct orange zone in distal 1/4, deeply concave along costal margin; costal margin and area beyond tornus grayish colored; small black spot at apex, narrowly connected to another black spot in tornus; cilia before apex to tornus brown, creamy yellow from tornus to inner base of wing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Hindwing</emphasis>
|
||
: narrower than forewing, creamy white to grayish white, with pale orange apical zone; apex sharply produced, with small apical black spot; cilia well-fringed to base, fringe around apex creamy white, with broad, dark brown median band.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Male genitalia of Thiotricha spp. A, B T. biformis A male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 143 B phallus C, D T. angustella comb. nov. C male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 106 D phallus E, F T. venustalis comb. nov. E male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 1 F phallus G, H T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. G male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 43 H phallus I, J T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., holotype I male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 88 J phallus K, L T. flavitermina sp. nov., holotype K male genitalia, gen. slide no. KM- 100 L phallus. Scale bars: 0.4 mm (genitalia), 0.2 mm (phallus)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362716" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure8">Figs 8I, J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Abdominal segments of Thiotricha spp. A T. biformis. B T. angustella comb. nov. C T. venustalis comb. nov. D T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. E T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., paratype F T. flavitermina sp. nov. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362717" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure9">9E</figureCitation>
|
||
) eighth abdominal sternite more or less triangular, emarginate at the tip, slightly broadened basally with moderately sclerotized margin anteriorly, gradually narrow toward apex. Uncus directed backwards, with broad basal expansion, then narrowly elongate, forming a furrow on lower surface medially, bearing short spines on its lateral margin and abruptly rounded with short and fine setae evenly on its apical dorsal surface. Gnathos U-shaped, stout, strongly bent at basal 1/3, sharply acute apically. Tegumen longer than uncus, slightly concave medially on lateral margins with dense hairs on dorsal surface beyond middle. Anellus lobe, a large process, as much as 1/2 the length of process of valva, ovate membranous pouch at base, with short sclerotized apical spine and short fine setae around apical spine. Valva slender, elongate, broad basally, narrow along 2/3 of length, then dilated apically with dense, long, fine hairs hanging down from its inner surface and developing a sclerotized point, spine-like pre-apical process arising from its base, nearly 1/4 of apex. Vinculum long and slightly narrow, with few rather long setae on its lateral margin. Saccus roundly produced basally. Phallus cucurbit-shaped in basal half, slightly sinuate, slender and recurved upwardly in distal half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Adults of Thiotricha spp. A T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov., male (holotype) B ditto, female (paratype) C T. flavitermina sp. nov., male (holotype) D ditto, female (paratype) E ditto, male (paratype) F ditto, female (paratype). Scale bars: 2 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362713" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure5">Figs 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Labial palps of Thiotricha elaeocarpiella sp. nov. A male with hair pencils, paratype B female without hair pencils., paratype. Scale bars: 0.4 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362714" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure6">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length 2.5-3.3 mm. Wing expanse 5.3-7.1 mm. Similar to male but differs as follows: Labial palps of first segment shortest, with creamy white scales, as thick as second segment; second segment as long as third segment and with white scales on lower surface and grayish or grayish brown scales on upper surface; third segment slender and acute with gray to grayish-brown scales on both surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia. Thiotricha biformis. Scale bar: 0.4 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362710" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure2">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
: (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Female genitalia of Thiotricha spp. A T. biformis, gen. slide no. KM- 145 B T. angustella comb. nov., with close up of signum, gen. slide no. KM- 118 C T. venustalis comb. nov., gen. slide no. KM- 52 D T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. with close up of signum, gen. slide no. KM- 128 E T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov. with close up of signum, paratype, gen. slide no. KM- 132 F T. flavitermina sp. nov. with close up of signum, paratype, gen. slide no. KM- 55. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362718" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure10">Fig. 10E</figureCitation>
|
||
) papillae anales with long and short fine setae on its entire surface. Apophysis posterioris longer than apophysis anterioris; apophysis anterioris ca. 1/3 the length of posterioris. Ductus bursae rather long, narrow, slightly sclerotized along the posterior half of its length. Corpus bursae clavate in shape; signum rounded at center.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Japan (Kyushu, Ryukyus).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The name refers to its main host plant,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus zollingeri" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zollingeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Elaeocarpus zollingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Host plant.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Elaeocarpaceae" genus="Elaeocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Elaeocarpus zollingeri" order="Oxalidales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zollingeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Elaeocarpus zollingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Elaeocarpaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="family">Elaeocarpaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Rhaphiolepis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Rhaphiolepis indica" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Rhaphiolepis indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Rosaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="family">Rosaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Biology</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Biology of Thiotricha elaeocarpiella sp. nov. and its host plant A host plant, Elaeocarpus zollingeri (Elaeocarpaceae) B host plant, Rhaphiolepis indica (Rosaceae) C larval portable case made of a young shoot of R. indica on the underside of the leaf D larval portable cases made with flower buds of E. zollingeri E close up of larval portable cases F different types of portable cases. Left arrow indicates the portable case made of E. zollingeri, right arrow indicates the portable case made of R. indica G larva within the flower bud H pupa exuviae I resting posture of adult, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362720" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure12">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
). The larva uses the flower bud or the young shoot of its host plant to construct portable cases. When it utilizes a flower bud, at first, the larva penetrates the bud and then lives and feeds within it. After that, it moves from one flower to another by carrying the bud and attaching it to other flower buds to complete its life cycle (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Biology of Thiotricha elaeocarpiella sp. nov. and its host plant A host plant, Elaeocarpus zollingeri (Elaeocarpaceae) B host plant, Rhaphiolepis indica (Rosaceae) C larval portable case made of a young shoot of R. indica on the underside of the leaf D larval portable cases made with flower buds of E. zollingeri E close up of larval portable cases F different types of portable cases. Left arrow indicates the portable case made of E. zollingeri, right arrow indicates the portable case made of R. indica G larva within the flower bud H pupa exuviae I resting posture of adult, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362720" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure12">Fig. 12D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). When the larva is ready to pupate, it attaches the case to the underside of a leaf with silk. When it utilizes a young shoot (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Biology of Thiotricha elaeocarpiella sp. nov. and its host plant A host plant, Elaeocarpus zollingeri (Elaeocarpaceae) B host plant, Rhaphiolepis indica (Rosaceae) C larval portable case made of a young shoot of R. indica on the underside of the leaf D larval portable cases made with flower buds of E. zollingeri E close up of larval portable cases F different types of portable cases. Left arrow indicates the portable case made of E. zollingeri, right arrow indicates the portable case made of R. indica G larva within the flower bud H pupa exuviae I resting posture of adult, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362720" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure12">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
), the larva leaves small dot-like traces of feeding after making cases by the shoot. Pupation also takes place inside the portable cases. After completing development, the adult emerges from the case, leaving the pupal exuvia inside.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="pupa">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Pupa</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pupa of Thiotricha spp. A-C T. chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. D-F T. elaeocarpiella sp. nov. A, D dorsal view B, E ventral view C, F lateral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362721" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure13">
|
||
Figs 13
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Pupa of Thiotricha chujaensis (Park, 2016) comb. nov. A head, lateral view Arrow indicates many minute spines on vertex B seventh abdominal segment, ventral view Arrow indicates oval pad armed with a row of spines C seventh abdominal segment, dorsal view Arrow indicates a row of spines on both anterior and caudal margin D seventh abdominal segment, lateral view Arrow indicates oval pad armed with a row of spines and rows of tergal spines. Scale bar: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362722" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure14">
|
||
14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Length ca. 3.2 mm, cylindrical. Color yellowish brown. Vertex armed with many minute spines. Prothorax with a pair of triangular projections on anterolateral corners of tergite. Antenna and forewing reaching to posterior margin of 6th abdominal segment. Forelegs extending to 3rd abdominal segment; midlegs reaching to mid-way of 5th abdominal segment; hindlegs also extending to just beyond the anterior margin of 7th abdominal segment. Seventh abdominal segment armed with a row of distinct tergal spines directed posteriorly on anterior margin and indistinct short tergal spines on caudal margin. Seventh abdominal sternite with a pair of oval pads also armed with a row of spines directed anteriorly. Tenth abdominal segment with a pair of triangular projections at middle, no true cremaster present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="67" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Although this new species was found on two different plants in the present study, it may be that
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="E. zollingeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="zollingeri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E. zollingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is mainly utilized as the host plant and occasional feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="R. indica" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">R. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs when individuals happen to come into contact with this plant. See discussion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362713" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Thiotricha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiotricha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Thiotricha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. elaeocarpiella" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="elaeocarpiella">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. elaeocarpiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., male (holotype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
ditto, female (paratype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flavitermina" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="flavitermina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. flavitermina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., male (holotype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
|
||
ditto, female (paratype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
|
||
ditto, male (paratype)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
|
||
ditto, female (paratype). Scale bars: 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362714" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Labial palps of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Thiotricha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiotricha elaeocarpiella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elaeocarpiella">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Thiotricha elaeocarpiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
|
||
male with hair pencils, paratype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
female without hair pencils., paratype. Scale bars: 0.4 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.897.38529.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/362715" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Wing venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Thiotricha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thiotricha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">Thiotricha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp., male.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. biformis" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="biformis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. biformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. angustella" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="angustella">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. angustella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. venustalis" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="venustalis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. venustalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comb. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. chujaensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="chujaensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. chujaensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Park, 2016) comb. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">E</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. elaeocarpiella" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="elaeocarpiella">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. elaeocarpiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., paratype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">F</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. flavitermina" pageId="0" pageNumber="67" rank="species" species="flavitermina">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="67">T. flavitermina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., paratype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |