460 lines
61 KiB
XML
460 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document id="B44D37F12800312668AC15D1596EF52E" ID-CLB-Dataset="36172" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6611" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a1a4245d-cd0a-431f-8556-fdb7816910c4" ID-PMC="PMC4023243" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-400-67" ID-PubMed="24843256" ID-ZooBank="91DC4784F49A4353B4C8DC0F67B1EF92" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-400-67" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 400" ModsDocTitle="A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses" checkinTime="1451245992475" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Neumeyer, Rainer, Baur, Hannes, Guex, Gaston-Denis & Praz, Christophe" docDate="2014" docId="A01EA77CF56CC96BDAE00FF931E01FD1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 400: 67-118" docOrigin="ZooKeys 400" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6611" docTitle="Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch 1937, rev. stat." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="F67BFF80B122D151FFD22016FFC45C1E" masterDocTitle="A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses" masterLastPageNumber="118" masterPageNumber="67" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1701377379650" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CF17F7EB7A2104028226AD1ADCBD366A">A new species of the paper wasp genus Polistes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in Europe revealed by morphometrics and molecular analyses</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3E83A879B97A3098D524C762C133811C">Neumeyer, Rainer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8965AA3270AF067CBFF401EE9E3D65E">Baur, Hannes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D1AE20947205865451C63AB7C48E01CB">Guex, Gaston-Denis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CB2C6DF47D5A73287745BF4528002648">Praz, Christophe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="5823C0039BB1706EACC8D690E8A21256">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="24685A2CE86BB06CF71C14CF30D0E272" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C624E6852428B49DB9559C839FFE7FAB">400</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="D5AD196F67963E5668E02FDAB5D9ECC5">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6611</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EF8CC383821F3130B5CE64637B7CB9D5">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F380296C9907A7B8AC2F60918BAFE084" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.400.6611</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A01EA77CF56CC96BDAE00FF931E01FD1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127857276" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A01EA77CF56CC96BDAE00FF931E01FD1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A01EA77CF56CC96BDAE00FF931E01FD1" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection id="E85A4E3AB15138596582C4633FA7774F" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7C95446E80F76D209BC8B6AE193F8883" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="92117BBEDF35A0949D10C662FF7A0B8E" ID-CoL="4KY9G" authority="Weyrauch, 1937" authorityName="Weyrauch" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi Weyrauch, 1937</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2ADAFE11F29AAE2543DAEF4431E461F" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">rev. stat.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3CA9A386CB9C7A18B73FB1BABBB28DD9" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C21E4EEA577B0FDEF46551FED61D62AF" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="A03827D5624D5F0C84EE821458602DA6" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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Weyrauch, 1937: 274 - Neotype female (NMBE), present designation, type locality Galeria, Corsica, France
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4E887FBE401FF9EF9DB2A097AF63A45" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="11A6BAA735ADFFD614E65710B166BC22" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polistes</taxonomicName>
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cf. gallicus -
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<bibRefCitation id="17EBFD32FB3781705DBF6447FE498EFF" author="Neumeyer, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomo Helvetica" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="7 - 22" title="Eine neue Feldwespe am Greifensee: Farbmorphe, Hybrid oder Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767)?" volume="4" year="2011">Neumeyer et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2461CF5012F74FEFA86A19CB97C67E82" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" type="type study">
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<paragraph id="ADBA3030F04DDCF741DDFF25E1862277" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">Type study.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7C4EA570062B4FC2B7CC5E0A010E9CB1" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName id="1F5D28EA268F94A470B1B269919FC578" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="850F5A4CFBFA99A488F984D83C7E938C" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena), Abteilung fuer Systematik, Oekologie und Geographie der Tiere" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="243 - 290" title="Zur Systematik und Biologie der Kuckuckswespen Pseudovespa und Pseudopolistes." volume="70" year="1937">Weyrauch (1937</bibRefCitation>
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: 274) in a mere footnote indicating neither the type material nor the type locality. Later,
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<bibRefCitation id="CA21918B01D0252EAA77EC4A3AB1CCBE" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten ueber physiologische und angewandte Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="273 - 278" title="Zur Systematik und Biologie der palaearktischen Polistinen." volume="5" year="1938">Weyrauch (1938</bibRefCitation>
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: 277 ff.) gave a key to the Palearctic species of
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<taxonomicName id="964FAF29A0B3F3CFD2FE341F05364C1B" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polistes</taxonomicName>
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, including
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<taxonomicName id="9A63C74953D30A103F336389B8A96AAC" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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, but a more precise indication of the type material and the type locality is given only in
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<bibRefCitation id="050B04A4FC2A675BEE97A33FF15D57CB" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte (Neue Folge)" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 197" title="Zur Systematik der palaearktischen Polistinen auf biologischer Grundlage." volume="8" year="1939">Weyrauch (1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 163), where a female from Macomer (Sardinia, Italy) is mentioned as the "type [Typus]". However, following article 74.5 of the
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<bibRefCitation id="03546042C6B686FE75BCBE8D24F26E09" author="ICZN," journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature" url="www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/" year="2012">ICZN (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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this specimen is considered as a lectotype here. Unfortunately, this lectotype is lost (
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<bibRefCitation id="A1DE0B114AA25C3A13B73CACBE4ED1AA" author="Bluethgen, P" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="81 - 86" title="Ueber einige Polistes-Arten der Zoolog. Staatssammlung in Muenchen." volume="5" year="1956">
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<normalizedToken id="94393A05F14B2A391223E6C602A91C99" originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
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1956
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 85), as well as most paralectotypes from various localities (Italy, Malta, and Turkey; see
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<bibRefCitation id="A3C8A652C45EB6663FC2CF7B811FE5B6" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte (Neue Folge)" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 197" title="Zur Systematik der palaearktischen Polistinen auf biologischer Grundlage." volume="8" year="1939">Weyrauch 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 164), with the exception of two presumed paralectotypes that we were able to examine: a female (RN0287) from the Greek Island of Poros (see below, examined material), and a male (RN0325) from Glattbrugg in Switzerland. While the male from Glattbrugg clearly belongs to the dark (Fig. 10), northern (Fig. 11) taxon (
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<taxonomicName id="2447A7CF92B73A3024111483F9BF649D" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.), the female from Poros belongs without any doubt to the southern (Fig. 11), bright (Fig. 6) taxon (
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<taxonomicName id="17FE86F25ADA5CE3BADDE552FE95296C" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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). Consequently,
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<bibRefCitation id="02F88FA4784B0ECE82A3B42B87EBF69E" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte (Neue Folge)" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 197" title="Zur Systematik der palaearktischen Polistinen auf biologischer Grundlage." volume="8" year="1939">Weyrauch (1939)</bibRefCitation>
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most likely considered both taxa as geografically separated color morphs of the same species. Evidence for this statement can be found in his redescription of
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<taxonomicName id="786B780E9DD501B9FE96B2056332C774" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="391B161ACC6CB86C7842BAE786BF78F3" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte (Neue Folge)" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 197" title="Zur Systematik der palaearktischen Polistinen auf biologischer Grundlage." volume="8" year="1939">Weyrauch 1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 163 ff.), where he writes that the antenna is "dorsally blackened in the northern part of the species range [
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<normalizedToken id="7BFD81F7722C68E99193EFF854A869DC" originalValue="Fühler">Fuehler</normalizedToken>
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im Norden des Verbreitungsgebietes oberseits
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<normalizedToken id="9F0A6FD0CDC5054ED158519386CDD29F" originalValue="geschwärzt]”">geschwaerzt]"</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="0583D1E104FECC52B76D45910AFAD761" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">
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<paragraph id="78A0B1D55A401624A51FD3790E025D6A" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">
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Figure 6. Different aspects of a female (specimen RN0137) of
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<taxonomicName id="80831DD0476CA6B50EE89E1E06C231CB" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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Weyrauch, 1937: a frontal view of head b lateral view of lower face with malar space and mandible c lateral view of head and mesosoma d lateral view of body e body from above. Arrows indicate the yellow patch on the lateral part of propodeum (c) and one of two yellow spots on the mesoscutum (e).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="4986B5EF70EFBCC8FF557EB24C7E3094" pageId="15" pageNumber="82">
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It must be stressed that both taxa (
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<taxonomicName id="B13EDA4134112500609B4D12D7D50D06" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="9622C050AA8DB0E1DE733315822DD8FA" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.) run to
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<normalizedToken id="FB72330A7BFC7181FAB776FA64D28DD0" originalValue="“bischoffi”">"bischoffi"</normalizedToken>
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in the keys of
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<bibRefCitation id="98E13376071EB1E53C31B12F48A37EE2" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten ueber physiologische und angewandte Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="273 - 278" title="Zur Systematik und Biologie der palaearktischen Polistinen." volume="5" year="1938">Weyrauch (1938</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 277 ff.;
|
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<bibRefCitation id="246E5D0C7003A5A79404516A5760FB5D" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte (Neue Folge)" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 197" title="Zur Systematik der palaearktischen Polistinen auf biologischer Grundlage." volume="8" year="1939">1939</bibRefCitation>
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: 195 ff.). In more recent keys (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="D1C2316ABC6F8020347745ADE26A635F" author="Bluethgen, P" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse fuer Chemie, Geologie und Biologie" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" title="Die Faltenwespen Mitteleuropas" year="1961">
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<normalizedToken id="4B56F800E4DE8C40E87040C75359AD47" originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
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1961
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="7C4F5EBBB9F940F9111A6E5E10EA03ED" author="Dvorak, L" journalOrPublisher="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="221 - 244" title="Key to the paper and social wasps of Central Europe." volume="46" year="2006">
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<normalizedToken id="830234C68B52E919B1E79DC70146A494" originalValue="Dvořák">Dvorak</normalizedToken>
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and Roberts 2006
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="9C29DAA6DEF4C0F2FB6886527FDE286A" author="Guiglia, D" journalOrPublisher="Faune de l'Europe et du basin mediterraneen" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" title="Les guepes sociales d'Europe occidentale et septentrionale." volume="6" year="1972">Guiglia 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="BAE16BCF8EC3E45B18D87118214B5481" author="Mauss, V" journalOrPublisher="DJN, Hamburg" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" pagination="2 - 53" title="Bestimmungsschluessel fuer die Faltenwespen (Hymenoptera: Masarinae, Polistinae, Vespinae) der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" year="2004">Mauss and Treiber 2004</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1818CC20551C9F9F4B31E88E7CD5FE95" author="Witt, R" journalOrPublisher="Vademecum-Verlag, Oldenburg, Germany" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" title="Wespen." year="2009">Witt 2009</bibRefCitation>
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) for Central Europe however,
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<taxonomicName id="D2C040F4BD467AEC7FFD06D596D917D5" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. would run to
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<normalizedToken id="FC6F83F04E4DA46888628F067C5350EC" originalValue="“bischoffi”">"bischoffi"</normalizedToken>
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, whereas
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<taxonomicName id="2C18C60FAA4081E21C43699202EFEED5" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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would run to
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<normalizedToken id="C375F125A1FA72669774842BC8120AA5" originalValue="“gallicus”">"gallicus"</normalizedToken>
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due to the entirely bright flagellum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B954286954E8CC62F96AEB84E6E939C4" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="16" pageNumber="83">
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<pageBreakToken id="9901ADCD550B0D6AA856316EF3425537" pageId="16" pageNumber="83" start="start">Unfortunately</pageBreakToken>
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, the identity of the lost lectotype from Macomer (Sardinia, Italy) is unclear and can not be guessed from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="011726555A73D506EFB3875B95FD047E" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Jena), Abteilung fuer Systematik, Oekologie und Geographie der Tiere" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="243 - 290" title="Zur Systematik und Biologie der Kuckuckswespen Pseudovespa und Pseudopolistes." volume="70" year="1937">Weyrauch (1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BAC484AA7AE27257BA78CB2AED02409D" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Arbeiten ueber physiologische und angewandte Entomologie aus Berlin-Dahlem" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="273 - 278" title="Zur Systematik und Biologie der palaearktischen Polistinen." volume="5" year="1938">1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60E45A273A05A2AAEBA161783CE8E2C5" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte (Neue Folge)" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 197" title="Zur Systematik der palaearktischen Polistinen auf biologischer Grundlage." volume="8" year="1939">1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, the designation of a neotype is necessary for the clarification of the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7635D3C9B0567AABCC1471DDF1303777" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="A83C14EE75F836A407C3E7756AFDC726" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" start="start">Polistes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
bischoffi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our attempts to locate the lectotype in all institutions likely to host some of
|
||
<normalizedToken id="97B6D487A5DAD6521D9FCD2F7C634D43" originalValue="Weyrauch’s">Weyrauch's</normalizedToken>
|
||
material were unsuccessful (e.g.: MFNB, Michael Ohl, pers. comm.; MHNL, Claus Rasmussen, pers. comm.; FMLT, Emilia Perez, pers. comm.), and so were our attempts to locate any specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D80CF83683DED06EFDF2C9233BE17F" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Sardinia, including during a field trip to Macomer in 2013. Consequently, we designate a female from Galeria on the island of Corsica (France), north of Sardinia, as the neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A09424B112C9ECCBF0F40A02E538B835" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Given that there is only a distance of 12 km between the two neighboring islands (Corsica, Sardinia), and that both of them share a similar fauna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7A4609035855F088478A47726B3166F" author="Corti, C" journalOrPublisher="Revista Espanola de Herpetologia" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="83 - 100" title="Man and herpetofauna of the Mediterranean islands." volume="13" year="1999">Corti et al. 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5B9CD4CB4009E76DF3E52E85C26401C2" author="Kwet, A" journalOrPublisher="Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" title="Reptilien und Amphibien Europas." year="2005">Kwet 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A5D6884573D921EDC145F2CD99EED1BF" author="Tolman, T" journalOrPublisher="HarperCollins, New York" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" title="Butterflies of Britain and Europe." year="1997">Tolman and Lewington 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we are confident that this specimen matches the lost lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E8E2345BE3E004B97A9F5AEE44C8B19" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Weyrauch, 1937. In fact both, Corsica and Sardinia are probably located too far south to host the taxon called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4B4070A0ACBD7E6FEAD002B2DB38B5D" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. here, since the southernmost individual (RN0378) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A70AB3081D6BE95453E57134DDFD23A" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. that we are familiar with was found about 200 km north of the French Mediterranean coast (Fig. 11). Moreoever, the neotype is a well preserved female of the southern, light colored species (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB5A5DE597E323A6D886DB86D9E37566" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that appears at the center of the scatter of points in our morphometric analysis and clearly lies outside the area of overlap with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6165C3FC1309D1E07C1691CAD65D0C10" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">Polistes gallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 3a, c [C]). Lastly, this specimen (RN0366) yielded high-quality DNA and could be included in our molecular analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2D83B5CA6B46C7A4183FCB7CAF281EE4" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="08F455D92AC9922113A37205B97FE9AD" pageId="17" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="54547E76332C18946CF02E75C596FB82" pageId="17" pageNumber="84">Small and moderately bright species with flagellum on upper side bright yellow in both sexes (Figs 6a, 6c, 6d, 7a, 7b, 7d, 7e) or faintly darkened, especially in large females; pedicel and extreme base of flagellomere 1 always black on upper side.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8952E3080CAA04A909DF6BA684A38288" pageId="17" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<paragraph id="F4258248A44034E2F0596FB9C85F504D" pageId="17" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Figure 7. Different aspects of a male (specimen RN0151) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E9AD463E1DC9E61E5ED809E2E0F7E3B0" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Weyrauch, 1937: a frontal view of head b lateral view of lower face with malar space and mandible c dorsal view of body d lateral view of head, mesosoma, and base of metasoma e lateral view of body. The red arrow in b is pointing to the faint lateral ridge on clypeus. In d the white arrow is pointing to the yellow ventrolateral stripe of the pronotum, the red arrow to the lateral extension of terminal band on tergum 2, the black arrow to a large yellow spot on sternum 2 and the blue arrow on the yellow basal band of sternum 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F4DEF1D9F0D812CF8F6918D9E750566" pageId="17" pageNumber="84">Females: Epicnemial carina reduced (Figs 6c, 12b) or absent. Hypopygium black. Metacoxa usually black, seldom spotted yellow on upper side. Mesoscutum usually black, seldom with minute pair of yellow spots (Fig. 6e; arrow). Propodeum laterally usually with yellow spot (Fig. 6c; arrow). Clypeus breadth: malar space 3.85-4.55; head breadth: malar space 9.02-10.89; malar space: lateral ocelli distance 0.79-1.11; metatibia length: malar space 9.57-11.5; terminal flagellomere length: malar space 1.00-1.24.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8976A5F538BC39757D3833D3BA9EC40A" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="17" pageNumber="84">
|
||
Males: Gena in dorsal view immediately narrowing behind eye (Fig. 12m). Epicnemium and mesosternum yellow. Head breadth: head height 1.21-1.29; lower
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="25E8D429526BE9BCB904CC48B03ADCC5" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" start="start">face</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: clypeus breadth 1.47-1.63; terminal flagellomere length: lateral ocelli distance 1.19-1.55; terminal flagellomere length: malar space 1.93-2.75; terminal flagellomere length: terminal flagellomere breadth 2.46-2.87.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D6A81CCD3E77DBEBAFD1C61644DEDD8B" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" type="description of female">
|
||
<paragraph id="12A594CDDAE669002A8BC2724A238DEA" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Description of female.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F11896E564389E00242501635B4C6B70" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Body length 9.9-14.1 mm (n = 22); forewing length 7.8-11.4 mm (n = 22).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="148FD078DF295309C869C9DB9C6A46A0" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Head: Clypeus yellow, with a black margin and a large central black spot usually isolated (Fig. 6a) but seldom shaped like a (rhomboid) crossband reaching lateral margin. Face with large, almost triangular yellow spot touching inner orbit (Fig. 6a). Upper gena with small, elongate spot (Figs 6c, 6d). Frons with usually uninterrupted horizontal yellow stripe (Fig. 6a).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BAB86431BE6F6172F9F14E29BFF04D7C" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Mesosoma: Change in sculpture between coarse mesepisternum and smooth epicnemium frequently gradual (Fig. 12b). Pronotum along posterior margin with pair of longitudinal yellow stripes not reaching yellow cross stripe on pronotal collar (Fig. 6e). Scutellum with pair of yellow, somewhat triangular spots, followed by rectangular pair of spots on metanotum and crescent-shaped pair of spots on dorsal propodeum (Fig. 6e). Mesopleuron with yellow spot (Figs 6c, 6d). Propodeal valve yellow (Fig. 6c). Tegula yellow anteriorly and posteriorly, with transparent area in between (Fig. 6e). Legs apically yellow and orange, black only on coxa, trochanter and most of femur (Figs 6d, 6e), including base.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="85D43F7DA966E600945EC9B8D7B410AD" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Metasoma: Each tergum with continuous, but indented terminal yellow band (Figs 6d, 6e). Tergum 2 also with two large yellow spots (Fig. 6e). Tergum 1 occasionally with two small yellow spots. Sterna 2 and 3 with continuous terminal yellow bands, on sternum 3 occasionally centrally indented close to interruption. Sternum 4 with interrupted terminal yellow band. Sternum 5 with broadly interrupted terminal band, reduced to two lateral yellow spots.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D4E7FFD888AEBC33DFB8D528B673502D" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" type="description of male">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF9504ED3DC49FA1EA112DB9E6B99C95" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Description of male.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0AB78C8BAA8AA069BC4A6D097C4919F8" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Body length 11.3-13.4 mm (n = 8); forewing length 9.3-9.8 mm (n = 8).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AAA8F571EDC4D7B89F1F6E2644F1F150" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Head: Mandibles, malar space, clypeus (Figs 7a, 7b), elongate spot on upper gena (Figs 7c, 7d, 7e), face and inferior frons yellow. Superior frons, vertex, occiput and back of head black (Figs 7a, 7c, 7e). Clypeus apically rounded (Fig. 7a), with faint lateral ridges extending toward orbital bays (Fig. 7b; arrow).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A83A85E3F98C8964E5535CF81DD93D86" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Mesosoma: Pronotum with yellow cross stripe along collar, often extending down both sides to longitudinal pair of yellow stripes along pronotal side margin (Fig. 7d; white arrow). Epicnemium and mesosternum yellow (Fig. 7d). Legs yellow and partially orange, except for superior side of coxa, trochanter and femur, which are black (Figs 7d, 7e). Rest of mesosoma colored as in females.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D6B5325E8B11F97F022ACF8723E8104" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Metasoma: Tergum 2 with terminal yellow band laterally extending towards base (Fig. 7d; red arrow), even if occasionally interrupted. Terga otherwise colored as in females. Sternum 2 with pair of large yellow spots mostly isolated (Fig. 7d; black arrow), seldom fused. Sternum 3 with both terminal and basal yellow bands (Fig. 7d; blue arrow). Sterna 4 and 5 both with continuous terminal yellow band, the latter interrupted on sternum 6 and absent on hypopygium.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3EC826B7B819AD9762DE744228AAF0E7" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="18" pageNumber="85" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="26867E744905E693BABDE7F3839622BD" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="564E0478D15AB595BFE5F6E8BA89E9D6" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="18" pageNumber="85">
|
||
This is one of the smallest
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4BB1BEB1ED4E37C84A43FC150A9712D" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8B935F8A522B780CE7DBDF426DB8DEE8" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" start="start">Polistes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in Europe and besides
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAC2F1BF737C318CFA7D409BE910E61" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., the only one with often absent epicnemial carina in the female sex. The two locally syntopic species (Fig. 11;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B88A8A09EFE3AB99131F490A2122DCE" author="Neumeyer, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomo Helvetica" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="7 - 22" title="Eine neue Feldwespe am Greifensee: Farbmorphe, Hybrid oder Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767)?" volume="4" year="2011">Neumeyer et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are, however, easy to distinguish in both sexes due to differently colored antennae. Furthermore, the ratio metatibia length: malar space is an unambiguous separator for females, whereas the best separating ratio for males (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5A6AA6E60B79B9D3ABCB48DA7794C7A" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB8ABB12E6CAF868B4E4369AA33A268D" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.) is the ratio terminal flagellomere length: malar space (Table 5). The same ratio weakly separates the sometimes similar females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="226EF405ECB5A52BF00A6741DF45BB6E" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9EB34C3C52F42BEC93051E482BC37BB5" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">Polistes gallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It is impossible to confuse the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8304DF8B2DD4B745DFF18366D5411BB8" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08230FD6743AA017C445333BC55A57A0" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes hellenicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hellenicus">Polistes hellenicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2769D1933640B4E4914E1A652C7361C" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes biglumis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biglumis">Polistes biglumis</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to the strikingly different color patterns and the diagnostic head shape of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA44114A6C99C4B9D87F766985F196A6" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes biglumis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biglumis">Polistes biglumis</taxonomicName>
|
||
males within the gallicus-group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DBA31D0601CDC3FE0D65E129D6EA1859" pageId="19" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Two morphs can be distinguished within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="531DC216563C0894023F21B6A9E7A65E" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(rev. status), one with the flagellum entirely bright (yellow to orange) and the other with the flagellum dorsally faintly darkened. Often, the brighter morph (e.g. RN0137) has the clypeus with a central black spot (Fig. 6a), whereas in the darker morph the clypeus usually has a horizontal black band reaching the lateral margin. These two color morphs are probably the two extremes of an otherwise gradual continuum, but more individuals would have to be examined to verify this hypothesis. It would be even more important to examine whether such color variations are associated with geography or not. Limited evidence suggests that these variations are not associated with geographic location, since two nests were found (16 Aug 2013) in Zurich (Katzensee Allmend) with both morphs in each. In these colonies, the dark morph was more common among large females (presumably young queens), rather than among small females (presumably workers) or males. Also the neotype (RN0366) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C0968C887F6B9E0543041B40F2136E9" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
belongs to the darker morph and is presumably a queen, since it was collected on 19 April. More observations are needed to confirm this correlation between coloration and caste. Different color morphs within the same nest population are also reported in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5953D1E6761B85A4F4E3C8E8B3489D1" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gallicus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallicus">Polistes gallicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B38B70CC91B10CCCF91E12C2ECEEF3B6" author="Gusenleitner, J" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" pagination="105 - 110" title="Bemerkenswertes ueber Faltenwespen VIII." volume="34" year="1985">Gusenleitner 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 105).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1FBF3F0C534AE2A5EE3E857F759182BA" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="113FCF4D3725FA5E4849379BD88D09D7" pageId="19" pageNumber="86">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6E2753A7681EC0F300EF30D4D7A6DFBC" pageId="19" pageNumber="86">
|
||
Based on the material that we have examined,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D37003349397973873E007080995E4A" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs at least in Southern Europe and Turkey from the Atlantic coast of southern France to Turkish Kurdistan (Fig. 11). The northernmost confirmed locality is in the Pannonian region of Austria (Neusiedl am See), followed by several localities in Switzerland where the species occured already in 1927 at the river Versoix near Geneva (individuals RN0170, RN0171). In all other, more northern Swiss sites
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC17B82CE9DB259E7C1FFC2B512E6F9D" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Polistes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs syntopically (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF4A8DEA3AFA1AA1CB0B5878C6BBB5AD" author="Neumeyer, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomo Helvetica" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="7 - 22" title="Eine neue Feldwespe am Greifensee: Farbmorphe, Hybrid oder Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767)?" volume="4" year="2011">Neumeyer et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="30E472AC2A3B6ED893EF17161E261982" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and was not detected before 1992, suggesting a possible recent range expansion due to climate warming.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E2DFB33C080AADB29B470903494ECEF9" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="19" pageNumber="86" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A381E62DDA17EA1356F60B05EF41A25" pageId="19" pageNumber="86">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="37B3F22C98072C1FE21F919B0A0E633A" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="19" pageNumber="86">
|
||
According to our experience in Switzerland,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="235BED0E2D0037C80D287A35BD946613" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="4FAC1FD01EF56888A95B151BB1BF8A4A" pageId="20" pageNumber="87" start="start">Polistes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
bischoffi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be restricted to large wetlands, especially to fens on lake shores, more so than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="997E5D5204C9FFDD9AA82EA4EFBEB0E4" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. The altitudinal records range from sea level for several beach records (see "Material examined"), including the neotype (RN0366), to 540 m a.s.l. for a female (RN0076) in Switzerland (Wetzikon, Canton of Zurich). However, the Turkish locality (road from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8F9AD74A941007741580376BA21D993E" originalValue="Yüksekova">Yueksekova</normalizedToken>
|
||
to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1DFDC7A612B65F01A252161724E7094F" originalValue="Şemdinli">Semdinli</normalizedToken>
|
||
) where three females (RN0363, RN0364, RN0365) were found was probably higher than 540 m a.s.l., since
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15DC63C74A8E02D2AE8142495D195064" originalValue="Yüksekova">Yueksekova</normalizedToken>
|
||
is situated at 1950 m,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C4E747C12095C2DE844E9F2EBF7283FE" originalValue="Şemdinli">Semdinli</normalizedToken>
|
||
at 1450 m a.s.l., but the precise elevation of the locality is neither indicated on the label nor in the publication (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C99A6529FAAA032E246EDBC7F0DB048E" author="Madl, M" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="40" pageNumber="107" pagination="823 - 827" title="Ueber Vespidae, Pompilidae, Scoliidae und Tiphiidae der Tuerkei." volume="29" year="1997">Madl 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 824). Most individuals were found in August or September. The earliest record in the season is the neotype female from Galeria on 19 Apr 2002, the latest a female from a still-active nest in
|
||
<normalizedToken id="91135C0D0CB5FD47642681BBA57474A6" originalValue="Mönchaltorf">Moenchaltorf</normalizedToken>
|
||
on 10 September 2010. The earliest male (RN0022) recorded so far was captured at
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D8F9A0227DD2803BD2BDC09500D59FB1" originalValue="Pfäffikon">Pfaeffikon</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Switzerland) on 10 Aug 2011, whereas the latest males (RN0082, RN0083) recorded are from Wetzikon on 09 Sep 2011. Nesting habits are apparently similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D05260820D0C631D106AF5096159975" class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes helveticus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="helveticus">Polistes helveticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., even where the two species were encountered syntopically (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F904B5018D35236F877BEA6B7D35E9AA" author="Neumeyer, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomo Helvetica" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="7 - 22" title="Eine neue Feldwespe am Greifensee: Farbmorphe, Hybrid oder Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767)?" volume="4" year="2011">Neumeyer et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We also found two nests in Zurich (Katzensee Allmend, 16 Aug 2013) with more than 20 and 30 individuals, respectively. These two nests were larger than any of the 14 nests described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3FCED69D553B0FCEC4752581F84B7B22" author="Neumeyer, R" journalOrPublisher="Entomo Helvetica" pageId="41" pageNumber="108" pagination="7 - 22" title="Eine neue Feldwespe am Greifensee: Farbmorphe, Hybrid oder Polistes gallicus (Linnaeus, 1767)?" volume="4" year="2011">Neumeyer et al. (2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 13). While the smaller of both nests was attached to the dry stem of an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAF436C1944B763E2B612E6E2CAB3C41" genus="Apiaceae" lsidName="Apiaceae" pageId="20" pageNumber="87" rank="genus">Apiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the larger one was attached to the stem of a live yellow loosestrife (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="107FAC6D9468886EE4C419081E516402" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Lysimachia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lysimachia vulgaris" order="Ericales" pageId="20" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vulgaris">Lysimachia vulgaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F7BF264C7DB0F19E7EC6BEF5ACC9E2AB" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="20" pageNumber="87" type="material examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="22D01D1A31DA987C44F02BDFC67CB01E" pageId="20" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="11D1A8DB38A0DD1D441FB2F4577A84B1" pageId="20" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Neotype ♀ (RN0366): France, Corsica, Galeria,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="137F949A2E67E898D0221C2E71DAE0FE" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="42.419724">42°25'11"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2126E8FAB8E7C4ACC02FC1E9DA538EDD" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="8.660277">08°39'37"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0 m, 19 Apr 2002, estuary, Christian Monnerat leg., NMBE coll.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="817116D404399F4B9CBB0C4FA4AACE45" pageId="20" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Paralectotype: 1 ♀ (RN0287): Greece, ATTICA, Poros, Moritz von Leonhardi (1856-1910) leg., SDEI coll., labeled as follows: 1.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ECE81EF0ADD8DEDEE25DD453096362A3" originalValue="“Poros”">"Poros"</normalizedToken>
|
||
[handwritten; misspelled as
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B5B22A23CAB82657AC69C50E6A5AFD1A" originalValue="“Toros”">"Toros"</normalizedToken>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A137F01AF7C576BF48E172BBF6968E48" author="Weyrauch, W" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Naturgeschichte (Neue Folge)" pageId="42" pageNumber="109" pagination="145 - 197" title="Zur Systematik der palaearktischen Polistinen auf biologischer Grundlage." volume="8" year="1939">Weyrauch 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 164; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D953AA8BAE7D03860CF37EFB8F8973F" author="Bluethgen, P" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse fuer Chemie, Geologie und Biologie" pageId="39" pageNumber="106" title="Die Faltenwespen Mitteleuropas" year="1961">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DE22394799591FE87010E247B4302E51" originalValue="Blüthgen">Bluethgen</normalizedToken>
|
||
1961
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 56]; 2. "Coll. v. Leonhardi" [printed]"; 3. "Poliistes [sic!] ♀ gallicus L." [handwritten, possibly from v. Leonhardi; according to Stephan Blank (pers. comm.)]; 4. "Weyrauch det. 1937." [handwritten]; 5. "Polistula bischoffi Weyrauch" [handwritten; possibly from Weyrauch; according to Stephan Blank (pers. comm.)]".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0EA71A425D3050EF7C51ABD948A9D935" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="20" pageNumber="87">
|
||
Further material: 1 ♀ (RN0415): Austria, Burgenland, Neusiedl am See, 25 Jul 1989, Michael Madl leg., NHMW coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0414): 20 Aug 1991, Michael Madl leg., NHMW coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0323): FRANCE, BOUCHES-
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A55307682395B32A7C7699FD1DC450EE" originalValue="DU-RHÔNE">DU-RHONE</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Miramas,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B233747346CDDDF1B6905490B8AB323C" originalValue="Étang">Etang</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Berre, 15 Jul 1979, M.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4F88AC05BE680287BFBA6C56D310FF39" originalValue="Kühbandner">Kuehbandner</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg., MSNV coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0380): Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, Camargue, 28 Jul 2002, J. & I. Smit leg., JS coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0381):
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EDACB641277747F49EF03A086CB63CA1" originalValue="Hérault">Herault</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Vendres,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7B98595D69A9EB00F5F7D964952C9418" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="43.216667">43°13'00"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A943C848E72FF2F18BF8D5CFA3BCF73E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="3.2438889">03°14'38"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 0 m, 29 Jul 2009, beach, J. & I. Smit leg., JS coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0382, RN0383): Palavas-les-Flots, 04 Jul 2005, dunes, J. & I. Smit leg., JS coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0379): Landes, Vielle-Saint-Girons, Huchet, 04 Jul 2006, dunes, J. & I. Smit leg., JS coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0367, RN0368): Var,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="399EA736B4851A3E860E03B073E69EE4" originalValue="Fréjus">Frejus</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Saint-Aygulf, Jul 1924,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="99BD233C17C525C06BC1C1CB267648F2" originalValue="Ferrière">Ferriere</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg., NMBE coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0385): Roquebrune-sur-Argens, 14 Jul 2001, J. & I. Smit leg., JS coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0384): road (D560) from Saint-Maximin-la-Sainte-Baume to Nans-les-Pins, 350 m, 15 Jul 2001, J. & I. Smit leg., JS coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0370): Vaucluse, Villelaure, 18 Jul 2000, Jan Smit leg., JS coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0391): GREECE, Achaea, Kalogria, 01 Jul 2007, spit, Werner Arens leg., WA coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0390): Arcadia, Mantineia (archaeological site), 12 Jul 1997, Werner Arens leg., WA coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0389): 06 Jul 2007, Werner Arens leg., WA coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0372, RN0373): Euboea, Chalkida, Camping Paradiso, 15 Jul 1982, M. & G. Osella leg., MCSNV coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0392, RN0393): Laconia, Chosiari, Vathi, 09 Jun 1998, beach, Werner Arens leg., WA coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0322): ITALY, LAZIO, Roma, Torrimpietra, 10 Aug 1971, Heiss leg., MSNV coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0410): Roma, Sep 1942, O. Querci, MSNM coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0411): Lombardia, Guardamiglio, Fiume Po, 12 Aug 1974, river bank, Vincenzo Ferri
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="4BFC76A7CB972979F903D8AFA880B28A" pageId="21" pageNumber="88" start="start">leg</pageBreakToken>
|
||
., MSNM coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0409): Piemonte, Cameri, Cascina Galdina, 11 Jul 1981, glade, Vincenzo Ferri leg., MSNM coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0371): Lombardore, Sep 1972, Osella leg., MCSNV coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0170, RN0171): SWITZERLAND, CANTON GENEVA, Versoix, "vers la Versoix", 1 Jul 1927, anon. leg., MHNG coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0156): CANTON VAUD, Chabrey, La Morette, 8 Sep 1992, fen, Richard Vernier leg., MHNN coll.; 4 ♀ (RN0135, RN0136, RN0141, RN0148): CANTON ZURICH, Greifensee,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8AC39436788280E16662C2287CC9CAA2" originalValue="Böschen">Boeschen</normalizedToken>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="75AA12D7EEB0ECBEC7ECEE1B81C43B02" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.372627">47°22'21.46"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EF7C12337D1B93700916EA41C8500E94" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.667605">08°40'03.38"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., MZL coll.; 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (RN0147, RN0150):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="545E23D28D1B1EE826C5FDD0900F0C96" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.372627">47°22'21.46"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BF6395A18F02E2F3B40CACD4581D559A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.667605">08°40'03.38"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., AMNH coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0146):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AF4092E9FFB1287BDDA7F8137643133E" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.372322">47°22'20.36"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B9306F19C373EDC8D71F4D9A55AD30D5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.667358">08°40'02.49"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., CM coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0142):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FD8B6B6129C87AD60C1BFAA0090BD6A9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.372383">47°22'20.59"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3311541BBF27F6BF8AE31BBCF53374CF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.6674">08°40'02.64"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., MH coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0137) + 1 ♂ (RN0151):
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C014E0B37A11B15B5DBDB307E054F3F4" originalValue="Mönchaltorf">Moenchaltorf</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Seewisen,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="5DF0930B51B36B365D1F4875992C6A8B" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.32141">47°19'17.08"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="87709379CDE3E31DC3C27718B8B49752" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.698903">08°41'56.05"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., NMBE coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0140):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0B629515D826912A8B2CD5F26E356254" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.32161">47°19'17.80"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="503B4AB548692B9DEC8596D4E93105A2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.698603">08°41'54.97"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., CSE coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0001):
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E7206CE73B52B4B9DC5415152015F232" originalValue="Pfäffikon">Pfaeffikon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Auslikon,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FEE1E1E8ECA7EA13B141E9EFDE2429E8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.346596">47°20'47.75"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0F325057375BD2648DE3A501ECD21FB6" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.797267">08°47'50.16"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 539 m, 10 May 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0022):
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E76236DE05E4DA20505F842BBC8813A1" originalValue="Pfäffikon">Pfaeffikon</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Birchen,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3E3F0401BEF3419BE8EC53D78214435F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.350883">47°21'03.19"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C3315348B32CDE008306AF2BFA0F5871" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.792148">08°47'31.73"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 538 m, 10 Aug 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0169): Regensdorf, Altburg, 24 Jul 1997, hill near fen, Bernhard Merz leg., MHNG coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0145): Schwerzenbach,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3A8E1AA5C51C02B3D85017D68DBB548D" originalValue="Böschen">Boeschen</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="57F049CEAD6B5F32B557B6C307E5E9B8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.37263">47°22'21.48"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EA75AF2E8105D95F3B18EBFBA7D9FADF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.666998">08°40'01.19"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., NML coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0149):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8BD16484F07C7884BB4F699120E69899" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.372597">47°22'21.35"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="71EC75C56CB1D8CA87CBD5CEDAC7146C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.6669035">08°40'00.85"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., NHMB coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0143):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="20F37BF9430A68F3464D6C020D7DF904" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.37261">47°22'21.39"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="117D2D37DF8883DE78E59A4F8F3C0421" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.666875">08°40'00.75"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., ETHZ coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0144):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6863378307D82E181A85F0D145D7B315" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.37261">47°22'21.39"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="954EC3793454A489C4C85F1000962EDA" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.666917">08°40'00.90"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 436 m, 11 Aug 2010, fen rotation fallow, Rainer Neumeyer leg., MCSNL coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0076): Wetzikon, Himmerich:
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="ECF63BCC6BF6293213ECFCCFBF8BA4B9" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.335514">47°20'07.85"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="941636A14843BAFE3DFEDB27AD535884" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.791959">08°47'31.05"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 540 m, 02 Sep 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0105): Wetzikon, Robenhuserriet,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="50139DB00628A5A912419AFB504AFD6A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.336475">47°20'11.31"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="125E7246C8CB16B8D5C1C5C3B83D2256" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.787456">08°47'14.84"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 538 m, 17 Aug 2012, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., BNM coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0075): Wetzikon, Seeriet,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="537DCA1473512486B21C259FAD84BEEA" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.341732">47°20'30.24"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="92D3E1D5BE95F46AAB8599CC26972E09" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.786359">08°47'10.89"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 538 m, 02 Sep 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 2 ♂ (RN0082, RN0083):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="901A62C36FDBECE952F32465891522F8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.341732">47°20'30.24"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="138B37EBD5692101A9872E797B416612" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.786359">08°47'10.89"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 538 m, 09 Sep 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♀ (RN0077):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="59C29047EE246186EA273F774AEE6610" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.341537">47°20'29.54"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7850EAB4E115A1982E4DA4EC2EE6EAE1" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.789926">08°47'23.73"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 537 m, 02 Sep 2011, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0328):
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F2EB094973D5D98BFA738F217BF2CEA9" originalValue="Zürich">Zuerich</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Katzensee Allmend,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="500548C0A9E79B22230BC795E7BF7721" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.431404">47°25'53.05"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="E1EBE53F1F5AE079433C2AC885272514" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.507264">08°30'26.15"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 438 m, 16 Aug 2013, fen,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="516538A7E1323DC2AEB13BB3F9CB090D" originalValue="André">Andre</normalizedToken>
|
||
Rey leg., AR coll.; 4 ♀ (RN0329, RN0330, RN0331, RN0332) + 3 ♂ (RN0333, RN0335, RN0336): 19 Aug 2013, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 1 ♂ (RN0334): 19 Aug 2013, Rainer Neumeyer leg., NHM coll.; 2 ♀ (RN0337, RN0338) + 2 ♂ (RN0339, RN0340):
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1BF80BC3B8A6C8074BF3532E54A30C48" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="47.43243">47°25'56.74"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="726EEDDCB6D5DF0EE01711D23EC27CB7" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.506225">08°30'22.41"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 438 m, 19 Aug 2013, fen, Rainer Neumeyer leg., RN coll.; 3 ♀ (RN0363, RN0364, RN0365): Turkey,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="40502911715B8B9AAF94293484D075BD" originalValue="Hekarî">Hekari</normalizedToken>
|
||
, road from
|
||
<normalizedToken id="47E19DC9BF2BB1AF47743E1AB17EA9CD" originalValue="Yüksekova">Yueksekova</normalizedToken>
|
||
to
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D15CE54843CD3F430EE252BA87C11D0F" originalValue="Şemdinli">Semdinli</normalizedToken>
|
||
[
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CDF10E656954D89A513F7BB534E27E61" originalValue="“Sendili”">"Sendili"</normalizedToken>
|
||
], 1450-1950 m, marshy meadow [Sumpfwiese], 05 Jun 1971, Michael Madl leg., NHMW coll.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |