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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.72083" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f8f8cfca-872a-46fe-a328-efdfbbe7c724" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2607-89-183" ID-Pensoft-UUID="1B9150AA3EF9596B9B6550CD8C02D192" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6336391" ID-ZooBank="EBFE14E0B8CF40DBA1439595D77F1D8C" ModsDocID="1314-2607-89-183" checkinTime="1646131410622" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wood, Thomas J., Patiny, Sebastien &amp; Bossert, Silas" docDate="2022" docId="9C3426BC8BA35E50B50ACBE62CA231F5" docLanguage="en" docName="JourHymenoptRes 89: 183-210" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 89" docPubDate="2022-02-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.72083" docTitle="Halopanurgus Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="D0AEA39D-BF99-406A-A439-38721C79E825" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="1B9150AA3EF9596B9B6550CD8C02D192" lastPageNumber="183" masterDocId="1B9150AA3EF9596B9B6550CD8C02D192" masterDocTitle="An unexpected new genus of panurgine bees (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) from Europe discovered after phylogenomic analysis" masterLastPageNumber="210" masterPageNumber="183" pageNumber="183" updateTime="1678757350197" updateUser="pensoft">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>An unexpected new genus of panurgine bees (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae) from Europe discovered after phylogenomic analysis</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wood, Thomas J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5653-224X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">thomasjames.wood@umons.ac.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Patiny, Sebastien</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4583-9902</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratory of Zoology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bossert, Silas</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-5468</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA &amp; Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-02-28</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>89</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>183</mods:start>
<mods:end>210</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.72083</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.89.72083</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2607-89-183</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EBFE14E0B8CF40DBA1439595D77F1D8C</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">1B9150AA3EF9596B9B6550CD8C02D192</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">6336391</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="193849833" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D0AEA39D-BF99-406A-A439-38721C79E825" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C3426BC8BA35E50B50ACBE62CA231F5" lastPageNumber="183" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/D0AEA39D-BF99-406A-A439-38721C79E825" authority="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Halopanurgus Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="183">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood &amp; Cross" authorityYear="2017" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Camptopoeum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptopoeum baldocki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baldocki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Camptopoeum baldocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wood &amp; Cross, 2017
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be recognised as a panurgine because of its black body with yellow maculations on the head, mesosoma, and metasoma, its small size (4-5 mm), its two submarginal cells, apically truncate marginal cell, poorly developed femoral scopa, two subantennal sutures, and weak facial fovea, these shining, hairless. It is best diagnosed with reference to other similar small, yellow-marked genera with two submarginal cells, as broad characters like those used for tribal classification by
<bibRefCitation author="Michener, CD" journalOrPublisher="John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" refId="B30" refString="Michener, CD, 2007. The Bees of the World. 2nd edn. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore" title="The Bees of the World. 2 nd edn." year="2007">Michener (2007)</bibRefCitation>
are not universally applicable and are not supported by the new phylogeny (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12530" author="Bossert, S" journalOrPublisher="Insect Systematics and Diversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" refId="B7" refString="Bossert, S, Wood, TJ, Patiny, S, Michez, D, Almeida, EAB, Minckley, RL, Packer, L, Neff, JL, Copeland, RS, Straka, J, Pauly, A, Griswold, T, Brady, SG, Danforth, BN, Murray, EA, 2022. Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the mining bee family Andrenidae. Systematic Entomology, in press. https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12530" title="Phylogeny, biogeography and diversification of the mining bee family Andrenidae. Systematic Entomology, in press." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12530" year="2022">Bossert et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be confused with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Camptopoeum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptopoeum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Camptopoeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the similar structure of the male S7 and genital capsule.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Camptopoeum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptopoeum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Camptopoeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has S7 as broad as long or slightly longer than broad, almost parallel sided, and with a broad apical notch (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–19" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 12 - 19. Panurgine male sternum seven 12 Halopanurgus baldocki 13 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 14 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 15 Flavipanurgus flavus 16 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 17 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus 18 Panurgus (Panurgus) dentipes 19 Panurgus (Pachycephalopanurgus) farinosus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures12-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650543" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">14</figureCitation>
), and the genital capsule is parallel sided, with simple gonostyli and penis valves (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–11" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 4 - 11. Panurgine male genitalia 4 Halopanurgus baldocki 5 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 6 Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) frontale 7 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 8 Flavipanurgus flavus 9 Flavipanurgus venustus 10 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 11 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures4-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650542" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">6-7</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
S7 is broader, but still apically notched (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–19" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 12 - 19. Panurgine male sternum seven 12 Halopanurgus baldocki 13 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 14 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 15 Flavipanurgus flavus 16 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 17 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus 18 Panurgus (Panurgus) dentipes 19 Panurgus (Pachycephalopanurgus) farinosus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures12-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650543" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">12</figureCitation>
) and the gonocoxae are produced into strong triangular points apically (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genital capsule of Halopanurgus baldocki, with arrow indicating the apical part of the gonocoxa which is produced into a strong triangular point." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650541" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">3</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–11" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 4 - 11. Panurgine male genitalia 4 Halopanurgus baldocki 5 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 6 Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) frontale 7 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 8 Flavipanurgus flavus 9 Flavipanurgus venustus 10 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 11 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures4-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650542" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">4</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Camptopoeum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptopoeum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Camptopoeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
no such points are present; the inner margin of the gonocoxae is clearly smooth and inwardly curved (in both subgenera
<taxonomicName authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Camptopoeum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptopoeum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Camptopoeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s. str. and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Morawitz" authorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Epimethea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epimethea" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Epimethea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–11" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 4 - 11. Panurgine male genitalia 4 Halopanurgus baldocki 5 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 6 Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) frontale 7 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 8 Flavipanurgus flavus 9 Flavipanurgus venustus 10 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 11 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures4-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650542" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">6-7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="6336401" doi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650541" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Male genital capsule of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus baldocki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baldocki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus baldocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with arrow indicating the apical part of the gonocoxa which is produced into a strong triangular point.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
Separation from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is simple in the male sex, as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has S7 clearly broader than long, and deeply excavated apicomedially (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–19" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 12 - 19. Panurgine male sternum seven 12 Halopanurgus baldocki 13 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 14 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 15 Flavipanurgus flavus 16 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 17 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus 18 Panurgus (Panurgus) dentipes 19 Panurgus (Pachycephalopanurgus) farinosus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures12-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650543" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">15-16</figureCitation>
). The genital capsule is also different with the gonocoxae lacking apical points and the gonostyli are flattened, apically widened, and spatulate (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–11" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 4 - 11. Panurgine male genitalia 4 Halopanurgus baldocki 5 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 6 Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) frontale 7 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 8 Flavipanurgus flavus 9 Flavipanurgus venustus 10 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 11 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures4-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650542" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">8-10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31–32" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 31 - 32. Flavipanurgus male genitalia 31 Flavipanurgus granadensis 32 Flavipanurgus merceti." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650546" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">31-32</figureCitation>
). In the female sex, separation is easy for
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. baldocki" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="baldocki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">H. baldocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of its very long glossa (clearly longer than the length of the face, Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–29" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 28 - 29. Halopanurgus baldocki comb. nov. profile 28 female 29 male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures28-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650545" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">29-29</figureCitation>
, the first segment of the labial palpus exceeding the length of segments 2-4 together), but in
<taxonomicName lsidName="H. fuzetus" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="species" species="fuzetus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">H. fuzetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the length of the glossa cannot be used as the glossa is very short (clearly shorter than the length of the face, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 20–27" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 20 - 27. Panurgine faces 20 Halopanurgus baldocki comb. nov. male 21 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus male 22 Halopanurgus fuzetus comb. nov. female 23 Flavipanurgus granadensis female 24 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis male 25 Simpanurgus phyllopodus male, including 26 male antennae and 27 male fore tarsi." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures20-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650544" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">22</figureCitation>
), with the first labial palpus not exceeding the length of segments 2-4 together. Instead, the puncturing of the face must be used, with punctures fine and weak in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, subtle, not strongly contrasting with the underlying integument. In
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the face is strongly and clearly punctate, punctures clearly visible against the integument. This difference is most clearly seen on the frons (compare Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 20–27" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 20 - 27. Panurgine faces 20 Halopanurgus baldocki comb. nov. male 21 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus male 22 Halopanurgus fuzetus comb. nov. female 23 Flavipanurgus granadensis female 24 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis male 25 Simpanurgus phyllopodus male, including 26 male antennae and 27 male fore tarsi." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures20-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650544" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">22-23</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="6336403" doi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures4-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650542" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figures 4–11" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figures 4-11.</emphasis>
Panurgine male genitalia
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">4</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus baldocki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baldocki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus baldocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">5</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Avpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avpanurgus flavofasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Avpanurgus flavofasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">6</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1804" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Camptopoeum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) frontale" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frontale" subGenus="Camptopoeum">Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) frontale</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">7</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Morawitz" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Camptopoeum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatum" subGenus="Epimethea">Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">8</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Friese" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus flavus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus flavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">9</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Erichson" baseAuthorityYear="1835" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus venustus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venustus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus venustus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">10</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus kastiliensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kastiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus kastiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">11</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Panurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcaratus" subGenus="Panurgus">Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be rapidly separated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Simpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simpanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Simpanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because it lacks distinctively flattened fore tarsi and clavate antennae (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 20–27" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 20 - 27. Panurgine faces 20 Halopanurgus baldocki comb. nov. male 21 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus male 22 Halopanurgus fuzetus comb. nov. female 23 Flavipanurgus granadensis female 24 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis male 25 Simpanurgus phyllopodus male, including 26 male antennae and 27 male fore tarsi." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures20-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650544" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">26-27</figureCitation>
), and from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Avpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avpanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Avpanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of its
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Y’">'Y'</normalizedToken>
shaped S7 (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 12–19" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 12 - 19. Panurgine male sternum seven 12 Halopanurgus baldocki 13 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 14 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 15 Flavipanurgus flavus 16 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 17 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus 18 Panurgus (Panurgus) dentipes 19 Panurgus (Pachycephalopanurgus) farinosus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures12-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650543" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">13</figureCitation>
) and the genital capsule is very different, lacking the greatly expanded gonocoxae that cover almost the entire dorsal surface (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–11" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 4 - 11. Panurgine male genitalia 4 Halopanurgus baldocki 5 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 6 Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) frontale 7 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 8 Flavipanurgus flavus 9 Flavipanurgus venustus 10 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 11 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures4-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650542" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">5</figureCitation>
). Note, both
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Simpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simpanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Simpanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Avpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avpanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Avpanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are known only from the male sex, so diagnosis in females is not currently possible. As no genetic sequences are available for
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Simpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simpanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Simpanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Avpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avpanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Avpanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
their broader placement is uncertain. As
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Simpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simpanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Simpanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be more closely related to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, description of the latter at a subgeneric level would necessitate taking a firm position on all these genera. Given this uncertainty,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is described as a genus; future studies may revise the status of these genera when suitable evidence becomes available. Lastly,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Panurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Panurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of yellow markings on the body; these are never present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Panurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Panurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, the scopae of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wood, Patiny &amp; Bossert" authorityYear="2022" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species are composed of simple hairs, lacking the branched hairs which are conspicuously present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Panurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Panurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="6336405" doi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures12-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650543" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figures 12–19" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figures 12-19.</emphasis>
Panurgine male sternum seven
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">12</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus baldocki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baldocki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus baldocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">13</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Avpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avpanurgus flavofasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Avpanurgus flavofasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">14</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Morawitz" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Camptopoeum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatum" subGenus="Epimethea">Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">15</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Friese" baseAuthorityYear="1897" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus flavus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus flavus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">16</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus kastiliensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kastiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus kastiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">17</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Scopoli" baseAuthorityYear="1763" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Panurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="calcaratus" subGenus="Panurgus">Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">18</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1811" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Panurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panurgus (Panurgus) dentipes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentipes" subGenus="Panurgus">Panurgus (Panurgus) dentipes</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">19</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Warncke" authorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Panurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panurgus (Pachycephalopanurgus) farinosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="farinosus" subGenus="Pachycephalopanurgus">Panurgus (Pachycephalopanurgus) farinosus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
Small (4-5 mm) black bees with extensive yellow maculations on head, mesosoma, and metasoma; pronotal lobe, metanotum, and at least some parts of terga always yellow marked, otherwise variable. Male with at least clypeus always yellow, centrally with two small black maculations (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 20–27" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 20 - 27. Panurgine faces 20 Halopanurgus baldocki comb. nov. male 21 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus male 22 Halopanurgus fuzetus comb. nov. female 23 Flavipanurgus granadensis female 24 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis male 25 Simpanurgus phyllopodus male, including 26 male antennae and 27 male fore tarsi." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures20-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650544" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">20</figureCitation>
). Head broader than long, compound eyes with inner margins parallel. Subantennal sutures essentially straight, outer suture only weakly arched outwards. Facial fovea narrow, slightly narrower than width of lateral ocellus, hairless, equalling length of scape. Ocelloccipital distance short, subequal to width of lateral ocellus.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="6336407" doi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures20-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650544" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figures 20–27" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figures 20-27.</emphasis>
Panurgine faces
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">20</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus baldocki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baldocki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus baldocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">21</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Avpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Avpanurgus flavofasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Avpanurgus flavofasciatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">22</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus fuzetus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuzetus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus fuzetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">23</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1987" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus granadensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granadensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus granadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">24</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1985" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Flavipanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Flavipanurgus kastiliensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kastiliensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Flavipanurgus kastiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">25</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Warncke" baseAuthorityYear="1972" class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Simpanurgus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simpanurgus phyllopodus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopodus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Simpanurgus phyllopodus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, including
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">26</emphasis>
male antennae and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">27</emphasis>
male fore tarsi.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
Face with fine and weak punctures, not strongly contrasting underlying integument (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 20–27" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 20 - 27. Panurgine faces 20 Halopanurgus baldocki comb. nov. male 21 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus male 22 Halopanurgus fuzetus comb. nov. female 23 Flavipanurgus granadensis female 24 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis male 25 Simpanurgus phyllopodus male, including 26 male antennae and 27 male fore tarsi." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures20-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650544" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 20–27" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 20 - 27. Panurgine faces 20 Halopanurgus baldocki comb. nov. male 21 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus male 22 Halopanurgus fuzetus comb. nov. female 23 Flavipanurgus granadensis female 24 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis male 25 Simpanurgus phyllopodus male, including 26 male antennae and 27 male fore tarsi." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures20-27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650544" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">22</figureCitation>
). Process of labrum square, as long as wide. Mesoscutum with scattered, fine, and short white hairs; mesepisternum and propodeum with slightly longer white hairs, equally scattered and fine. Forewing with stigma longer than wide, not parallel sided, inner margin weakly curved; two submarginal cells, first submarginal cell longer than second; first recurrent vein entering second submarginal cell; marginal cell apically truncate. Hind tibial spurs unmodified, straight. Basitibial plate present, oval, margins slightly raised; tibial scopa with simple hairs. Tarsal claws with minute inner tooth. Genital capsule simple, gonocoxae apically produced into posteriorly projecting points (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Male genital capsule of Halopanurgus baldocki, with arrow indicating the apical part of the gonocoxa which is produced into a strong triangular point." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650541" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">3</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 4–11" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 4 - 11. Panurgine male genitalia 4 Halopanurgus baldocki 5 Avpanurgus flavofasciatus 6 Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) frontale 7 Camptopoeum (Epimethea) variegatum 8 Flavipanurgus flavus 9 Flavipanurgus venustus 10 Flavipanurgus kastiliensis 11 Panurgus (Panurgus) calcaratus." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures4-11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650542" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">4</figureCitation>
, see also illustrations in
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4254.2.9" author="Wood, TJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="285 - 293" refId="B49" refString="Wood, TJ, Cross, I, 2017. Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) baldocki spec. nov., a new panurgine bee species from Portugal and a description of the male of Flavipanurgus fuzetus Patiny (Andrenidae: Panurginae). Zootaxa 4254: 285 - 293, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4254.2.9" title="Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) baldocki spec. nov., a new panurgine bee species from Portugal and a description of the male of Flavipanurgus fuzetus Patiny (Andrenidae: Panurginae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4254.2.9" volume="4254" year="2017">Wood and Cross 2017</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
The name is a combination of the prefix
<taxonomicName genus="Halo" lsidName="Halo" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
- (Greek for salt) with the genus name
<taxonomicName authorityName="Panzer" authorityYear="1806" class="Insecta" family="Asteraceae" genus="Panurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panurgus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Panurgus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
because of the pronounced affinity for saline soils shown by the two constituent species, both being restricted to saltmarshes, coastal sands, and inland saline lagoons (Wood &amp; Cross 2017; Cross &amp; Wood 2018;
<bibRefCitation author="Fidalgo, PA" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="433 - 434" refId="B20" refString="Fidalgo, PA, 2021. First record of Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) baldocki Wood &amp; Cross, 2017 from Spain (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (S.E.A.) 68: 433 - 434" title="First record of Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) baldocki Wood &amp; Cross, 2017 from Spain (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (S. E. A." volume="68" year="2021">Fidalgo 2021</bibRefCitation>
; TJW unpublished data). The gender is masculine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="183" type="included species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Included species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus baldocki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baldocki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus baldocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Wood and Cross, 2017) comb. nov. (Figs
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 28–29" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figures 28 - 29. Halopanurgus baldocki comb. nov. profile 28 female 29 male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures28-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650545" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">28-29</figureCitation>
, Spain and Portugal, see
<bibRefCitation author="Fidalgo, PA" journalOrPublisher=")" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" pagination="433 - 434" refId="B20" refString="Fidalgo, PA, 2021. First record of Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) baldocki Wood &amp; Cross, 2017 from Spain (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (S.E.A.) 68: 433 - 434" title="First record of Camptopoeum (Camptopoeum) baldocki Wood &amp; Cross, 2017 from Spain (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (S. E. A." volume="68" year="2021">Fidalgo 2021</bibRefCitation>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus fuzetus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuzetus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus fuzetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Patiny, 1999) comb. nov. (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 31–32" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 31 - 32. Flavipanurgus male genitalia 31 Flavipanurgus granadensis 32 Flavipanurgus merceti." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures31-32" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650546" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">30</figureCitation>
, Spain and Portugal).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="6336409" doi="10.3897/jhr.89.72083.figures28-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/650545" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" start="Figures 28–29" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="183">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Figures 28-29.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Andrenidae" genus="Halopanurgus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Halopanurgus baldocki" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="183" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="baldocki">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">Halopanurgus baldocki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. profile
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">28</emphasis>
female
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="183">29</emphasis>
male.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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