160 lines
18 KiB
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160 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="4D257E711214F133447B9C25BA1226AE" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.193273" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e6e98644-c22f-4bd0-a598-8ef16fc4c651" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="193273" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460130108092" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mader, Bryn J." docDate="2010" docId="4F5F7D15FFF5FFEDC1E360B0FBE4FDAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02339p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2339" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Palaeosyopinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="B366056DFFFBFFE2C1746567FFFAFFD9" masterDocTitle="A species-level revision of the North American brontotheres Eotitanops and Palaeosyops (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698235135424" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AD8A9AA8FDBE99617C63FA9B281EB6EA">
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<mods:title id="A81EF99BD1E29AF4D24B3251EB116B84">A species-level revision of the North American brontotheres Eotitanops and Palaeosyops (Mammalia, Perissodactyla)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="40707B75C23A00C4C109674A25B3995D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="06DB6867E5081B10DEF7DAE3B69EFFEC">Mader, Bryn J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="957A8B46AD55D0C411B0B995FD527FF0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FEE06012DB9CB1CAAABC6505E7D5FB5C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9E142DC27F69B10A425D5313CE9AFFCB">
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<mods:date id="E0DD026CCCFC459A68219CD63BF26378">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="76934FBC9C0F781B5A1CC5F201AE0023" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="0631AF49D8814842698A772A3D5626FC">2339</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E196A43C0E834CBDC5BC72BAB651E9A2">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="AB3A7B069216807EFDAA0B93CC072A9A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7F029598E8E137597A72F3BC6DF9DA64" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.193273</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C338F77F433D63D1FA0E7F4907F838EE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6E69411A965A774E90EECA001BDF4AAA" type="Zenodo-Dep">193273</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F5F7D15FFF5FFEDC1E360B0FBE4FDAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6204054" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119383007" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6204054" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F5F7D15FFF5FFEDC1E360B0FBE4FDAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F5F7D15FFF5FFEDC1E360B0FBE4FDAB" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="8FEC9F88FFF5FFECC1E360B0FBEBF9E5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C749CC03FFF5FFECC1E360B0FC4DFA28" blockId="14.[151,951,1495,1521]" box="[151,951,1495,1521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="9C017B6FFFF5FFECC1E360B0FC4DFA28" bold="true" box="[151,951,1495,1521]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC1E360B0FC4DFA28" bold="true" box="[151,951,1495,1521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC06B60B0FDD5FA28" box="[287,559,1495,1521]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Palaeosyopinae">PALAEOSYOPINAE</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="A367B1F2FFF5FFECC34260B0FC4DFA28" author="Steinmann" box="[566,951,1495,1521]" pageId="14" pageNumber="43" refString="Steinmann, G. & Doderlein, L. (1890) Elemente der Palaontologie. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelman, Leipzig, 337 - 848." type="book chapter" year="1890">Steinmann and Döderlein 1890</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C749CC03FFF5FFECC1E36345FBEBF9E5" blockId="14.[151,1437,1570,2007]" box="[151,1041,1570,1596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC1E36345FE91F9E5" bold="true" box="[151,363,1570,1596]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Included genera:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC0076344FDFDF9E5" box="[371,519,1571,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Palaeosyops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC0076344FDFDF9E5" box="[371,519,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Palaeosyops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC35B6344FD4AF9E5" box="[559,688,1571,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Limnohyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC35B6344FD4AF9E5" box="[559,688,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Limnohyus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC3CB6344FBFAF9E5" authority="Eometarhinus" authorityName="Eometarhinus" box="[703,1024,1570,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Limnohyops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC3CB6344FCB4F9E5" box="[703,846,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Limnohyops</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC2286344FBFAF9E5" box="[860,1024,1571,1596]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Eometarhinus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FEC9F88FFF5FFECC1B26320FBA5F95E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C749CC03FFF5FFECC1B26320FBA5F95E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1570,2007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC1B26320FEB2F9B8" bold="true" box="[198,328,1607,1633]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Same as for member genus,
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC3A4632FFC9EF9B8" box="[720,868,1608,1633]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Palaeosyops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC3A4632FFC9EF9B8" box="[720,868,1608,1633]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Palaeosyops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see below). Sister taxon to all brontothere subfamilies except for the
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC0BA630AFD8AF95E" box="[462,624,1645,1671]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eotitanopinae">Eotitanopinae</taxonomicName>
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(see cladogram in
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<bibRefCitation id="A367B1F2FFF5FFECC23B630AFC1AF95E" author="Mader" box="[847,992,1645,1671]" pageId="14" pageNumber="42" refString="Mader, B. J. (1998) Brontotheriidae. In: Janis, C. M., Scott, K. M. & Jacobs, L. L. (Eds), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume I: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp. 525 - 536." type="book chapter" year="1998">Mader 1998</bibRefCitation>
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, Fig. 36.5)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FEC9F88FFF5FFECC1B063F5FDB2F92E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C749CC03FFF5FFECC1B063F5FDB2F92E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1570,2007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC1B063F5FEA2F975" bold="true" box="[196,344,1682,1708]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC01563F4FE07F975" box="[353,509,1683,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Palaeosyops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC01563F4FE07F975" box="[353,509,1683,1708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Palaeosyops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is the sole member of the
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC23D63F5FBF2F975" box="[841,1032,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Palaeosyopinae">Palaeosyopinae</taxonomicName>
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(Steinmann & D derlein 1890). Because the subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC0DC63DFFDA4F90B" box="[424,606,1720,1746]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Palaeosyopinae">Palaeosyopinae</taxonomicName>
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consist of only a single genus, the diagnosis of the subfamily does not differ from that of its member genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FEC9F88FFF5FFEDC1B06265FC6EFE4B" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C749CC03FFF5FFEDC1B06265FC52FF0E" blockId="14.[151,1437,1570,2007]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,152,626]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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Although
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC04F6265FE08F8C5" box="[315,498,1794,1820]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Palaeosyopinae">Palaeosyopinae</taxonomicName>
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is recognized here as the valid name for this subfamily, it should be noted that the invalid name Limnohyinae predates it by fifteen years.
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<bibRefCitation id="A367B1F2FFF5FFECC2F6624FFBD7F89B" author="Marsh" box="[898,1069,1832,1858]" pageId="14" pageNumber="42" refString="Marsh, O. C. 1875) Notice of new Tertiary mammals, IV. American Journal of Science, 3 d series, 9, 239 - 250." type="journal article" year="1875">Marsh (1875)</bibRefCitation>
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compared
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC5CD624FFAB6F898" box="[1209,1356,1832,1857]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Diplacodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC5CD624FFAB6F898" box="[1209,1356,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Diplacodon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to the "Limnohyidae," a previously unpublished family-group name. Marsh did not specify which taxa were to be included under this name, although it is obvious that it must include
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC28A6214FB70F855" box="[1022,1162,1907,1932]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Lymnohyus</emphasis>
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(a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF5FFECC1E362FFFEC8F868" box="[151,306,1944,1969]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Palaeosyops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC1E362FFFEC8F868" box="[151,306,1944,1969]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Palaeosyops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). According to the Principle of Coordination (Article 36, International Code of Zoological Nomenclature,
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<bibRefCitation id="A367B1F2FFF5FFECC03F62DAFDFCF80E" author="Ride" box="[331,518,1981,2007]" pageId="14" pageNumber="42" refString="Ride, W. D. L., Cogger, H. G., Dupuis, C., Kraus, O., Minelli, A., Thompson, F. C. & Tubbs, P. K. (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (4 th edition), International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from http: // www. iczn. org / iczn / (accessed 9 March 2009)." type="journal article" year="1999">
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Ride
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF5FFECC0FD62DAFE40F80F" box="[393,442,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">et al</emphasis>
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. 1999
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</bibRefCitation>
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) this simultaneously established the subfamily name Limnohyinae with
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<bibRefCitation id="A367B1F2FFF5FFEDC42562DAFF1CFF6B" author="Marsh" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="42" refString="Marsh, O. C. 1875) Notice of new Tertiary mammals, IV. American Journal of Science, 3 d series, 9, 239 - 250." type="journal article" year="1875">Marsh (1875)</bibRefCitation>
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as the author. If the names Limnohyidae and Limnohyinae were to be valid, therefore, the subfamily name Limnohyinae would be a senior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF4FFEDC39E65DAFC5EFF0E" box="[746,932,189,215]" class="Mammalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Palaeosyopinae">Palaeosyopinae</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C749CC03FFF4FFEDC1B06585FC6EFE4B" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,626]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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Although Marsh did not explicitly specify a
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<typeStatus id="184D72A1FFF4FFEDC3A66585FCFFFF25" box="[722,773,226,252]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
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genus for the Limnohyinae, the subfamily name cannot be invalidated on this basis since the
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<typeStatus id="184D72A1FFF4FFEDC339646FFD7AFEFB" box="[589,640,264,290]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">type</typeStatus>
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genus (
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF4FFEDC3A9646FFCA4FEF8" box="[733,862,264,289]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Limnohyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF4FFEDC3A9646FFCA4FEF8" box="[733,862,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Limnohyus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) can be clearly inferred from the construction of the name (Article 11.7.1.1 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature). Furthermore, even though the genus
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF4FFEDC1986435FE80FEB2" box="[236,378,338,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Limnohyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF4FFEDC1986435FE80FEB2" box="[236,378,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Limnohyus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is now recognized as a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF4FFEDC2CC6435FBA7FEB2" box="[952,1117,338,363]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Palaeosyops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF4FFEDC2CC6435FBA7FEB2" box="[952,1117,338,363]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Palaeosyops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the family-group name Limnohyinae cannot be invalidated on this ground (Article 40.1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FEC9F88FFF4FFEDC1B064FAFBE4FDAB" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C749CC03FFF4FFEDC1B064FAFBE4FDAB" blockId="15.[151,1437,152,626]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
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However, according to Article 11.7.1.2, in order for a family group name to be valid, it must be clearly used by the original author to "denote a suprageneric taxon and not merely as a plural noun or adjective referring to the members of a genus...". The name Limnohyinae is invalid, therefore, because it is not clear from the context of Marsh's paper whether the term Limnohyidae was intended to apply to
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF4FFEDC591676AFA92FDFF" box="[1253,1384,525,550]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Limnohyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF4FFEDC591676AFA92FDFF" box="[1253,1384,525,550]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Limnohyus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and some of the other brontothere genera then recognized (such as
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF4FFEDC2F46755FBEFFD92" box="[896,1045,562,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Palaeosyops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF4FFEDC2F46755FBEFFD92" box="[896,1045,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Palaeosyops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF4FFEDC53B6755FB0BFD92" box="[1103,1265,562,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Telmatherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF4FFEDC53B6755FB0BFD92" box="[1103,1265,562,587]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Telmatherium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), or merely to the three species of
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<taxonomicName id="00F6B780FFF4FFEDC00B673FFDFAFDA8" box="[383,512,600,625]" class="Mammalia" family="Brontotheriidae" genus="Limnohyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5821011FFF4FFEDC00B673FFDFAFDA8" box="[383,512,600,625]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Limnohyus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
described by Marsh and Cope up to that time.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |