290 lines
30 KiB
XML
290 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="1066CB34F89FBA97BDF682C520E6986B" ID-CLB-Dataset="25737" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7755d043-e212-4659-b94e-448863b9ea75" ID-PMC="PMC3088399" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-63-1" ID-PubMed="21594019" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-63-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 63" ModsDocTitle="Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska" checkinTime="1451250932361" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fernandez-Triana, Jose L." docDate="2010" docId="E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 63: 1-53" docOrigin="ZooKeys 63" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565" docTitle="Venanus heberti Fernandez-Triana, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FF900F55FFD3230A115BFFA0FFD2FFAC" masterDocTitle="Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska" masterLastPageNumber="53" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1732750535288" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F0992FA4FF49D2A61B079FEB1E468F6D">
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<mods:title id="FD79758665C6D08AA081C71F03AF624B">Eight new species and an annotated checklist of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) from Canada and Alaska</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="9638BAA37FD3DB5E7A22EC21F34971FA" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="5A863701E56B415A20763E4A0BB53B0E">Fernandez-Triana, Jose L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="B79C63E8F07381EF4C3D73FC8B517EB4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5EBA613336A52C5C82D73470D8F19E18">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="46AED77BF2C3DFDF2B89A7AE0B45D24D">
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<mods:date id="6D44A2B181E37108199AAFD816D719FD">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="6B8693C04B4EE5AFC9FF5D73A99C674C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="47F6CC2F14A75F9FFDF2C267D236616E">63</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="F695F1FABF7DCC3B7CCA44F10683C684">1</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="EE75AB146BE2DE9DEA907EB1FA9625F3">
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<mods:url id="DF211B996E39EBD423CBB49A99791460">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="20332D6D11D6020DE71A26FD070D85E4">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="38C7D85E28701A7C923CB8FED55CE7DC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.63.565</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="2B7831D46D08C60FA3CD75E7F2885EE3" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-63-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360395" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E81DCD0D9A163DF7AF806A6EE01067D6" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" scope_family="Braconidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="9EE07AD199BE8BF8D54BFC7D95CDA94B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="76CD76574103BD1C719D3DF9AEEE1D2D" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="1967068BF00FF31B4AD3FD439A13A4A5" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B1DF493F-7D2D-46C4-B7E2-AC26D8EA06FE" authority="Fernandez-Triana" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="heberti">
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Venanus heberti
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<normalizedToken id="07CF7736CDA6CE34797EB7743042EAB8" originalValue="Fernández-Triana">Fernandez-Triana</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5ACF5387FF8DF7CF87EFCC0E00588686" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 19, 20
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AA2DBC4D16A4B559E0CCE94E38B331EE" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="C328F5F3611D360DAA5EFB0F289A3940" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="3C80B66596A1D7F80BC9C21477FABF49" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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Mason, 1981: 95 (in part). [Examined].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3F783B22A17575A687349B29446FCA28" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="0D304E54E1CF8D46B674BC30779CF70B" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C3EB0F073C6AC830D23502BC9B2FC4B1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Canada, Prince Edward Island, Blooming Point, 46°24.486'N, 62°57.062'W.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="494E696C29449FB1888CE13EFFA0D1CD" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="7E8F6C3237981C36E80937CD4AA4AC31" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="239EE7F7BC05EBC7642E2578C2480DD8" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
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Holotype. Male (CNC), with labels as follows: CANADA: PEI, Blooming Point, 46°24.486'N, 62°57.062'W, 23.vii.2008, fallow field, 6m, Goulet,
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<pageBreakToken id="0E3C05C89DF04CD338681F39E9D6A4BB" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">Boudreault</pageBreakToken>
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& Badiss, sweeping, #16. Second label with Specimen ID: MIC 000476. CNC TYPE 23942.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9A09C1B479108A53AE75D9704556C280" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Paratypes (CNC): 1 ♀ Annapolis Royal, NS, 7.ix.1945, J. McDunnough, ex Microlep. on
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<taxonomicName id="7683767B883E06460D40D0F558D690F9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" genus="Gaylussacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Gaylussacia" order="Ericales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Gaylussacia</taxonomicName>
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; 2 ♂ same data than holotype (Specimen ID: MIC 000474 and MIC 000475); 1 ♂ Bridgetown, NS, 2.ix.12, JES; 1♂ Sable Island, NS, 11-15.ix.1967, W.R.M. Mason; 1 ♂ Halifax, NS, 15.viii.1954, J. McDunnough, ex
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<taxonomicName id="37FFE7480E650F74352E80C83859A87B" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Caloptilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caloptilia asplenifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asplenifoliella">Caloptilia asplenifoliella</taxonomicName>
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; 1 ♂ Knowlton, QC, 19.viii.1929, G. S. Walley, ex larva on
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<taxonomicName id="5091748732B7FF942EE391443D842504" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myricaceae" genus="Myrica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Myrica" order="Fagales" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Myrica</taxonomicName>
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; 1 ♂ Kazabazua, QC, 19.viii.1933, G. S. Walley, ex larva on blueberry.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="55E868C4850D5EB831798DF3B7F7973C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="B91F8AAB9F7E091BE52DEEF2AD5D6E40" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="558761139A2A9435E77B82E8FE35B74F" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<taxonomicName id="7B5AD62246357031D5B4868F84445038" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName id="5B6B267F64FD82A76302F6DCFFC5E9B1" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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Mason, 1981, and will run to that species in the recent key to the New World species (
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<bibRefCitation id="F8CA499F508037BB3EE9EAA8E8497672" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Whitfield et al. in press</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="05554023C9F24684D1310102764BE42B" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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is smaller (females: 1.6-1.9 mm, average=1.7 mm, N=8; males 1.7-2.4 mm, average=2.0 mm, N=5) than
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<taxonomicName id="4E42F546E392A5CA104C31027A783B4E" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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(female: 2.2 mm; males: 2.0-2.4 mm, average=2.2, N=8). The size (width and height) of the second submarginal cell in the fore wing (compared to the length of vein r, the width and the length of stigma) is smaller in
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<taxonomicName id="9DA0A0673AA66E1BF72C8840D7AB82AB" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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-usually the values represent 0.6-0.8 of similar proportions for
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<taxonomicName id="35C5D3A3F6B8A6305F8FA4D2B49F03DF" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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. The males of
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<taxonomicName id="4BB2A47E42F836AB45BEF7E9BA51CD9E" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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have its veins mostly pigmented (as have the females of both species), contrasting with mostly unpigmented veins in males of
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<taxonomicName id="25719BA936E18221BAC21DF9F41A90C6" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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. The two species have different geographical distributions:
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<taxonomicName id="C15E58D9630A5E7F0A07D97B267B354D" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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in west Canada/US (AB, BC, YT and ID) and
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<taxonomicName id="2B6C17AC772B6CC4D77D7D3EB19DC406" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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in Eastern Canada. The known hosts are different: the Gelechids
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<taxonomicName id="E55582A9B6560C073B23D35454848232" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Coleotechnites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coleotechnites milleri" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="milleri">Coleotechnites milleri</taxonomicName>
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(Busck, 1914) and
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<taxonomicName id="06C981542E6864D71F0CCD8765FC5BE8" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Coleotechnites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coleotechnites starki" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="starki">Coleotechnites starki</taxonomicName>
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(Freeman, 1957) for
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<taxonomicName id="FA89EE51E7AC49F164D68C6F582EFA56" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
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; and the Gracillarid
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<taxonomicName id="FD77629F81AEEB4197958A139BF722CC" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Caloptilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caloptilia asplenifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asplenifoliella">Caloptilia asplenifoliella</taxonomicName>
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(Darlington, 1949) for
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<taxonomicName id="C49D82E6F24698442F34F51F38E93BA8" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
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. The two species also differ in 12 base pairs of the barcode region (more details below under the sections Molecular data, Distribution and biology and Comments).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EF277BD85BDB0EB1AA4689B3AF041408" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="294E9AA72FCD127D034E74C3F7224B5B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
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<subSection id="25392E9012244C34467C0F09B718F5C0" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="male">
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<paragraph id="CED820753363AAA34CDA7C8AFE8A5A3C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Male</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5FA5ED97159CC4D4E1EF7DBA2173E7C1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Antenna length 2.4 mm (1.9-2.4 mm), body length 2.4 mm (2.0-2.4 mm), forewing 2.1 mm (2.0-2.2 mm). Head with glossa truncate and short. Face smooth, with shallow punctures (separation between punctures larger than punctures diameter) and sparse, uniformly distributed setae. Face width at antennal base/face width at clypeus edge: 1.1
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<normalizedToken id="45D5A0C6DD92C938D09722A85BAE3D31" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; intertentorial pit distance/face width at clypeus edge: 0.5
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<normalizedToken id="FA046B52680438B54662549DBB6B83DE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; compound eye height/head height: 0.7
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<normalizedToken id="2934AF8522757C7D718CD34AF40ABDFD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; head height/width: 0.7
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<normalizedToken id="A4E53B95C71A642B4562159708E08E5C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; face width at antennal base/head maximum width: 0.6
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<normalizedToken id="F3BCE15FFC9E21F1781BF9E43CB90C33" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; malar space/basal width of mandible 1.0
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<normalizedToken id="00AFEB740C966CF54FDCFD8AA9C0248F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Clypeus transverse, its width/height: 3.6
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<normalizedToken id="27213A44521A3907F7348AEBE421678E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Ocelo-ocular distance/posterior ocelli diameter: 2.0
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<normalizedToken id="C0F13656D5A400A11E042B12BC53DE6D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(2.0
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<normalizedToken id="9B850494CB16DE4AEBDEA7ED761EC771" originalValue="–2.4×">-2.4x</normalizedToken>
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); distance betwen posterior ocelli/ocelli diameter: 2.0
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<normalizedToken id="F8BCA9B1E6FBF23F88D86C1B0955549E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3767F251F1AEF964D8DBFF238560BE0D" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Mesosoma. Pronotum very smooth and polished, laterally with only the ventral groove well defined. Mesoscutum mostly smooth, with shallow but close punctures (distance between punctures 0.5-0.7 its diameter), punctures a sparser centrally along the posterior margin. Mesoscutum 1.2
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<normalizedToken id="CA8EF002B167FB018D452E22CFC39A5B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(1.1
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<normalizedToken id="5D778F02F450909E7545A4E2A92559C3" originalValue="–1.2×">-1.2x</normalizedToken>
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) wider than long. Mesoscutum and scutellum covered by sparse, silvered-coloured pilosity (sparser in the scutellum). Scutellum mostly smooth, with a few, shallow, very sparse punctures. Scutellum length/width at base 1.0
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<normalizedToken id="553E20C7E353CFD32C5213683DA4AC43" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Scutellar suture width 1/7 scutellum length, with 16 costulae not very well defined. Posterior band of scutellum polished. Scutellar lateral face with the polished area semicircular, 0.3
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<normalizedToken id="092D99599F04082ED15B9DE965AE8469" originalValue="–0.4×">-0.4x</normalizedToken>
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the face height. Mesopleuron smooth and glabrous on most of its surface, with sparse setae and punctures (distance between punctures usually twice or more its diameter) only on the anterior, ventral and posterior
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<pageBreakToken id="9EE231FB31C0482BD5DB34B07665675A" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">margins</pageBreakToken>
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. Deep sulcus, with costulae, separating meso and metapleura. Metapleuron setose and punctured along anterior and ventral margins; lower
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<normalizedToken id="5DE5957787530BF4A84AAD3215D1543B" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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of metapleuron rugulose, and with a broad, crenulated sulcus running from lower margin through spiracle. Metapleural carina lamellate and with costulae. Propodeum mostly rugulose, especially on the apical third (which is concave and delimited from the rest of the propodeum
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<pageBreakToken id="D97B08D2B5E42332D14F4D7E58BC9FE2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
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a vague transverse carina); an obscure longitudinal carinae running centrally from base of propodeum until it reaches the transverse carina; transverse carina intersected posteriorly by several longitudinal, arched ridges radiating from nucha.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2AD574FED7FEB40599290D4DCC1F4838" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Metasoma. Mediotergite 1 widened and rounded apically, with its widest part subapically; basal width/apical width 0.9
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<normalizedToken id="A605F3813F3E581A4C0669852F5D0BBA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; length/apical width 1.5; mediotergite 1 rugulose, apical
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<normalizedToken id="36C6C37F2FAD70939EE6DAFF02C00240" originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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with longitudinal striation laterally and two pits at each side of a central, polished area (like a knob) that reaches the posterior margin of tergite. Mediotergite 2 trapezoidal in shape, centrally smooth and polished, laterally rugulose; basal width/apical width 0.6
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<normalizedToken id="95827B30BE832DF2FE973C9B589227A6" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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; length/apical width 0.6
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<normalizedToken id="633B9B3BAEE5F96580794EC416511A49" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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. Mediotergite 3 twice the length of mediotergite 2. Mediotergite 3 and following unsculptured, polished and with few, sparse setae mostly along the posterior margin of tergites.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B558E3A263D05256D5D7D88095D7DF75" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
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Legs. Metatibial inner spur 1.2
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<normalizedToken id="6B0F32665FB633FA3B6CB67ED3DBFEDF" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the length of outer spur, and 0.6
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<normalizedToken id="789EEBEFDD454643E416B624F694371D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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the length of metatarsomere 1. Metafemur 2.7
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<normalizedToken id="DB6D95EBFB2C15444099CCB1273E5436" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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as long as wide.
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="56B9AF0FF84328F4579CFFAC6678223C" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Wings. Forewing vein R1a 0.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BC334CC4EB6AD9C038BE08AC3793E22D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as stigma length; length of R1a 2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A91DB8C507AB96CD87951B9BCC7FE8F5" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as the distance between its end and the end of 3RSb. Vein r 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FE0F0ABDC1C9ACC753877B0E621F406E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
(0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0DC7A4B5F07B459331E01C437E6C1433" originalValue="–0.7×">-0.7x</normalizedToken>
|
||
) the maximum width of stigma. Second submarginal cell height about the same length (or slightly smaller or larger) than vein r length; vein 2M 3.0
|
||
<normalizedToken id="31079BB6ED3E97325AC79756279A3436" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as vein (RS+M)b and 0.25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="20A57FAE386E39B212B0BF0CF32B0F38" originalValue="–0.33×">-0.33x</normalizedToken>
|
||
the stigma length. Edge of vannal lobe of hindwing covex and uniformly setose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E76ABAF786E14612B16157C4D058AB88" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Colour: Mostly black to dark brown; pro- and meso- tibiae and tarsi yellowish brown, as it is apical 0.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3F98165A98940D668E3FFA2B42BC7411" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
of metatibia, metatibial spurs, maxillary and labial palps. Wings hyaline, with most of veins transparent or whitish, except for C+Sc+R, R1, and 2M can be partially or totally pigmented; stigma brwon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
<subSection id="8208DBC7E68293EC65F86BD403B7B45A" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="female">
|
||
<paragraph id="B7B3F60BAE3176B52CD3D550259B4F36" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Female</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D66402E3CD3F0CDF132F87F85661BC70" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Similar to male but with antenna (~1.0 mm) much shorter than body length (2.2 mm) and fore wing (2.0 mm). Antenna with a single row of placodes. Length/width of flagellomeres: 1st (1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B9F0F652E9EA6E7ED59DEB6D837D76CD" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 2nd (1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9DCF2F20130EB2EB6C4435038563169E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 8th (1.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="53476B6DD3F12F9AC24364AB3F0C819E" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 14th (1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="18373A4463F24207B3EA555F9359136A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 15th (1.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="65186C6914311B179CF69392EDB66B8F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
). Length of flagellomere 2/flagellomere 14: 1.2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5FBEB2C06B144859C42B9106CA2138C8" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Fore wing with most veins slightly pigmented (light brown in colour), and with larger and taller second submarginall cell (length of vein 2M half the stigma length, vein 2M almost twice the length of vein r). Metafemur thicker, 2.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C10EEACE6E0538882465B5337DD59616" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide. Hypopygium not folded nor striate, with slightly pointed tip not protruding beyond apical tergites. Ovipositor sheaths barely exerted from hypopygium, 0.1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D2A4C6480E5E3871D8169740D5BD16AA" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as metatibia length; with sparse and minute setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A632669995914EB77EB31E50BCFFB454" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="molecular data">
|
||
<paragraph id="4287463C2D198A52568673AC2BFFC420" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Molecular data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F451C9589B90F8D3D7D318CF352A1ACA" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
Full barcodesof 3 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="322474C1E95569FDDAC57022C0EA62AA" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one specimen of the related species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B4C0B6F048A43238CF97E767E5A84E8" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
were obtained and compared (Fig. 24). The molecular data showed 12 (1.86 %) base pairs of difference between the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="82D9A27261644E61E65DBD65C11473C9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="distribution and biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F9BD4F58AAB17355D8C7C3FA1A958C7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Distribution and biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3613455A1773D162A0949C8F75D3C388" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
The species is widely distributed in Eastern Canada (QC, NS, PE), where it has been realibly reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F15CD868BB02072B573BB733F55AB69D" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Gracillaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gracillaria asplenifoliella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asplenifoliella">Gracillaria asplenifoliella</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In the CNC there is one specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5FFE578B63F18BE433AEF706A0AAAF20" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
from BC with a label stating it was reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89C067299F806FD1D6A936243E22041B" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Caloptilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Caloptilia invariabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invariabilis">Caloptilia invariabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Braun, 1927). This has to be a labelling mistake because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D369FE12B619F2614C152AB783133ACF" class="Insecta" family="Gelechiidae" genus="Coleotechnites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Coleotechnites invariabilis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="invariabilis">Coleotechnites invariabilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known from Eastern Canada (NS, ON, QC) and US, but has never been recorded from western Nearctic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1572CAF4360DAFB62515B0673D742CC5" author="De Prins, J" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Hymenoptera Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" title="Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera)." url="http://gc.bebif.be" year="2010">De Prins and De Prins 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0AB334F7E17F868774887B4D934B1CB7" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="FBFFE45B348AF34C3306C18B2CC9174D" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CDB60036F896DDCFCF43A86B5E193CB1" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
|
||
When
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D4488E3F99E015FCEFF48218A5E8CFED" author="Mason, WRM" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="41" pageNumber="42" pagination="1 - 147" title="The polyphyletic nature of Apanteles Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): A phylogeny and reclassification of Microgastrinae." volume="115" year="1981">Mason (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14AFA1B4343CFD18AC2428E9159A292B" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
he mentioned some variations in the specimens from Eastern Canada compared to the West, but considered
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="D5E0464C8C051840BEF305447837E7BF" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" start="start">that</pageBreakToken>
|
||
as intraspecific variation. The consistent, though subtle, morphological and molecular differences; different geographical distribution and hosts provide sufficient evidence to consider them as distinct species. Because of the similarities between the two species, four former paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A8295442684589427BDC8B0D4D0B0105" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in the CNC) are here transferred as paratypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47849A72030DAAC3885C3BB2EAFC891A" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FDE50B8D85054CC6A01779C361915263" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6A77DB5DC12D4E75E875BB26ECAEC0E9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D2C9B91FA5D5925298A4E6D810056E8E" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
I dedicate this species, recognized after DNA barcoding provided a first clue, to Paul Hebert (University of Guelph), as an appreciation for his support; and also for allowing the gathering of thousand of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62F793F217C889A8FB20EB45AF3B7D0A" lsidName="" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Microgastrinae">Microgastrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
barcodes -which will hopefully contribute in a significant way to the taxonomy of such a difficult and diverse group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="01C396582CA6D4610DA0DA35B7BFB2CB" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="9DA145C9F97AB2264481174B3156BFA0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Figures 21-24. Neighbour-joining trees, K2P distance model. 21 Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="17BAF3646A8141D736A06619CA5D4637" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles fumiferanae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fumiferanae">Apanteles fumiferanae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31DEEAA5D922CC5336AAE4C734BB8775" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles huberi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="huberi">Apanteles huberi</taxonomicName>
|
||
22 Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24720B3B551B979B1EDC4051E88ECC9D" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles masmithi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="masmithi">Apanteles masmithi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and authenticated specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C14ABAEDD5E7FF3FD442AF54217FED4F" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Apanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apanteles cockerelli" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">Apanteles cockerelli</taxonomicName>
|
||
23Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="487A5C95C955CF2D465980742BDD8E55" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles gouleti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gouleti">Pseudapanteles gouleti</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one unauthenticated specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5420B92AB44B1DC3F03449545657F64C" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Pseudapanteles" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudapanteles dignus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dignus">Pseudapanteles dignus</taxonomicName>
|
||
24Type material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="801607E8DACE2245200F031D1D7B951A" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus heberti" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="heberti">Venanus heberti</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one authenticated specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2A5827F242DC49C8A55A1A765E19B3C" genus="Venanus" lsidName="Venanus pinicola" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rank="species" species="pinicola">Venanus pinicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Alphanumeric characters between parentheses refer to the specimens Sample ID (see Methods for more details). The number of specimens per species and its Sample IDs are detailed in the Supplementary Appendix 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |