294 lines
41 KiB
XML
294 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="12744FABAFFEECC96D40DA7320CDB4E3">New carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) collected from manned submersibles in the deep Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="264A1335F78F430154CE10D6C67BB07D">Vacelet, Jean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D421AE07B50FC82EBD952B38D8A5B1B0">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="965D41350656FA9C2892E13B5FD9A395">
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<mods:date id="D15659EF9B7A754A908829B5FD3069D5">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6120BFA772AE6D0397AE630DB06B75D7">2006-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FF7509605CAF1202DA687C0C4703D9D5">148</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="14B776790238316CE75D6AA748EF0C7A" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00234.x</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="191D4B17FFD7FF800583FDBDFE9CA29F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5488241" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5488241" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:191D4B17FFD7FF800583FDBDFE9CA29F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/191D4B17FFD7FF800583FDBDFE9CA29F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="556" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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<subSubSection id="D9AEA98AFFD7FF860583FDBDFB3DA025" box="[973,1255,554,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD7FF860583FDBDFB3DA025" blockId="2.[973,1255,554,578]" box="[973,1255,554,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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<heading id="CA434D6DFFD7FF860583FDBDFB3DA025" box="[973,1255,554,578]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD7FF860583FDBDFB3DA025" ID-CoL="84MDV" authority="SARS, 1872" authorityName="SARS" authorityYear="1872" box="[973,1255,554,578]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">CLADORHIZA SARS, 1872</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D9AEA98AFFD7FF800568FDC4FE9CA29F" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD7FF860568FDC4FC7CA0E0" blockId="2.[806,1422,595,647]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD7FF860568FDC4FC6AA00F" box="[806,944,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">Type species</emphasis>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD7FF860589FDC4FA81A00F" authority="Sars, 1872" authorityName="Sars" authorityYear="1872" box="[967,1371,595,616]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
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<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD7FF860589FDC4FB10A00F" box="[967,1226,595,616]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">Cladorhiza abyssicola</emphasis>
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Sars, 1872
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</taxonomicName>
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(by monotypy).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD7FF860568FD37FAF7A0B3" blockId="2.[806,1422,671,724]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD7FF860568FD37FC4CA0D2" box="[806,918,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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, from
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<bibRefCitation id="F52587F0FFD7FF8605A5FD08FADDA0D2" author="Hajdu E & Vacelet J" box="[1003,1287,671,693]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" pagination="636 - 641" refId="ref18888" refString="Hajdu E, Vacelet J. 2002. Family Cladorhizidae. In: Hooper JNA, van Soest RWM, eds. Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. New York: Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, 636 - 641." type="book chapter" year="2002">Hajdu & Vacelet (2002)</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD7FF860358FD08FC8CA0B3" authorityName="DENDY" authorityYear="1922" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Cladorhizidae</taxonomicName>
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with anchorate/unguiferate anisochelae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD7FF8605DEFC86FAFEA14E" blockId="2.[912,1316,785,841]" box="[912,1316,785,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD7FF8605DEFC86FB6DA140" authority="Vacelet, 2006" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" box="[912,1207,785,809]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="segonzaci" status="sp. nov.">CLADORHIZA SEGONZACI</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD7FF86028EFC83FAFEA14E" bold="true" box="[1216,1316,785,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8F39B68FFD7FF86028EFC83FAFEA14E" box="[1216,1316,785,809]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD7FF860240FCA6FB7CA12E" blockId="2.[912,1316,785,841]" box="[1038,1190,817,841]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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(
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<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD7FF860258FCA6FBB9A12E" box="[1046,1123,817,841]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,1014,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-436@2.[302,1263,1013,1763]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. A, view of the holotype (left), two paratypes and a fragment of a paratype (scale bar: 3 mm). B, style (scale bar: 90 µm). C, developmental stage of anisochela (scale bar: 3.1 µm). D, anisochela (scale bar: 3.7 µm). E, anisochela, back view (scale bar: 3.2 µm). F, sigma (scale bar: 12 µm). G, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm). H, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427461/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">FIGS 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD7FF86023EFCA6FB44A12E" box="[1136,1182,817,841]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="27.[162,240,1608,1627]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-153@27.[322,1282,195,1576]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 17. A, Chondrocladia lampadiglobus sp. nov., holotype, 2714 m (Ifremer/Naudur). Inset: unidentified worm gliding on the lower left sphere of A, changing position during the video sequence. B, C. lampadiglobus, collection of the holotype by the arm of ‘Nautile’ submersible (Ifremer/Naudur). C, presumed C. lampadiglobus, GEOCYARISE 3 (CY 30), 2622 m, 12°54′N, 103°58′W (Ifremer/Geocyarize 3). D, presumed C. lampadiglobus, GEOCYARISE 1 (CY 07), 2623 m (Ifremer/Geocyarize 1). E, collection of Abyssocladia formosa sp. nov. by the arm of ‘Nautile’ submersible, 1997 m (Ifremer/ Starmer 1). F, three presumed Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. on a dead chimney on the tip of which was attached C. segonzaci and Abyssocladia naudur sp. nov. (Ifremer/Naudur)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427491/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">17F</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD7FF860568FCCDFC1BA109" blockId="2.[806,1421,857,971]" box="[806,961,857,879]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD7FF860568FCCDFC1BA109" box="[806,961,857,879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">Type material</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD7FF870568FCEFFD10A371" blockId="2.[806,1421,857,971]" lastBlockId="3.[162,777,195,279]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="556" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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<materialsCitation id="21DCF05CFFD7FF860568FCEFFA90A1AD" collectingDate="1993-12-10" collectionCode="MNHN" elevation="2581" latitude="-17.385166" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-113.19334" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD7FF860568FCEFFC50A1EA" box="[806,906,888,909]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E0F44A3FFD7FF860568FCEFFC50A1EA" box="[806,906,888,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD7FF8605E5FCEFFB85A1EA" authority="ND" authorityName="ND" box="[939,1119,888,909]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="naudur">NAUDUR ND</taxonomicName>
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||
5 (7-1B),
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||
<date id="E50ADCC1FFD7FF860345FCEFFA53A1EA" box="[1291,1417,888,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" value="1993-12-10">
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||
<collectingDate id="F54E2529FFD7FF860345FCEFFA53A1EA" box="[1291,1417,888,909]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" value="1993-12-10">10/12/1993</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="F4809CC6FFD7FF860568FC00FC45A1CB" box="[806,927,917,940]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="23.11" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" precision="9" value="-17.385166">17°23.11′S</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="F4809CC6FFD7FF8605FFFC00FB9BA1CB" box="[945,1089,917,941]" degrees="113" direction="west" minutes="11.60" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" precision="9" value="-113.19334">113°11.60′W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD7FF86021FFC00FB7DA1CB" box="[1105,1191,919,941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.581" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" unit="m" value="2581.0">
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<elevation id="1A991D32FFD7FF86021FFC00FB7DA1CB" box="[1105,1191,919,941]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.581" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" unit="m" value="2581.0">2581 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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||
. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, no.
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||
<collectionCode id="F7A562C4FFD7FF8602C5FC21FB05A1AC" box="[1163,1247,950,971]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">MNHN</collectionCode>
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D JV 79
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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||
<materialsCitation id="21DCF05CFFD6FF8706ECFF53FD1CA371" collectingDate="1993-12-10" collectionCode="MNHN" elevation="2581" latitude="-17.385166" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="-113.19334" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF8706ECFF53FEC8A2BE" box="[162,274,196,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
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<typeStatus id="4E0F44A3FFD6FF8706ECFF53FEC8A2BE" box="[162,274,196,217]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD6FF87077FFF53FE39A2BE" authority="ND" authorityName="ND" box="[305,483,196,217]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="naudur">NAUDUR ND</taxonomicName>
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5 (7-1B),
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||
<date id="E50ADCC1FFD6FF8704C9FF54FCDFA2BF" box="[647,773,195,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" value="1993-12-10">
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||
<collectingDate id="F54E2529FFD6FF8704C9FF54FCDFA2BF" box="[647,773,195,216]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" value="1993-12-10">10/12/1993</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="F4809CC6FFD6FF8706ECFF75FEC1A290" box="[162,283,225,248]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="23.11" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" precision="9" value="-17.385166">17°23.11′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4809CC6FFD6FF870760FF75FE67A290" box="[302,445,225,248]" degrees="113" direction="west" minutes="11.60" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" precision="9" value="-113.19334">113°11.60′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF870783FF75FDF9A290" box="[461,547,226,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.581" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="2581.0">
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<elevation id="1A991D32FFD6FF870783FF75FDF9A290" box="[461,547,226,248]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.581" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="2581.0">2581 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
|
||
. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, no.
|
||
<collectionCode id="F7A562C4FFD6FF870449FE96FD81A371" box="[519,603,257,278]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
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D JV 80
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption id="C5CBAA89FFD7FF8606C0F894FE12A508" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427461" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5427461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427461/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" startId="2.[142,220,1795,1814]" targetBox="[305,1263,1014,1763]" targetPageId="2">
|
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<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD7FF8606C0F894FE12A508" blockId="2.[142,1422,1795,1903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD7FF8606C0F894FD8DA570" bold="true" box="[142,599,1795,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">
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||
Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD7FF86074CF894FE26A571" authority="Vacelet, 2006" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" box="[258,508,1795,1814]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="segonzaci" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD7FF86074CF894FE26A571" bold="true" box="[258,508,1795,1814]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="555">Cladorhiza segonzaci</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8F39B68FFD7FF86044CF893FD8DA570" box="[514,599,1796,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="555" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
A, view of the holotype (left), two paratypes and a fragment of a paratype (scale bar: 3 mm). B, style (scale bar: 90 µm). C, developmental stage of anisochela (scale bar: 3.1 µm). D, anisochela (scale bar: 3.7 µm). E, anisochela, back view (scale bar: 3.2 µm). F, sigma (scale bar: 12 µm). G, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm). H, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF8706ECFEFFFECCA31A" blockId="3.[162,777,360,474]" box="[162,278,360,381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF8706ECFEFFFECCA31A" box="[162,278,360,381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Etymology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF8706ECFE10FE5CA3BD" blockId="3.[162,777,360,474]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Dedicated to Michel Segonzac who organized the sorting and distribution of the biological specimens from the Ifremer cruises.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF8706ECFDBCFE5CA027" blockId="3.[162,779,555,915]" box="[162,390,555,576]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF8706ECFDBCFE5CA027" box="[162,390,555,576]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Locality and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF8706ECFDDDFDAEA1F5" blockId="3.[162,779,555,915]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
East Pacific Rise, north of Easter Island,
|
||
<date id="E50ADCC1FFD6FF8704C9FDDDFCDFA038" box="[647,773,586,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" value="1993-12-10">10/12/1993</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4809CC6FFD6FF8706ECFDFEFEC1A019" box="[162,283,615,638]" degrees="17" direction="south" minutes="23.11" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" precision="9" value="-17.385166">17°23.11′S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F4809CC6FFD6FF870763FDFEFE66A019" box="[301,444,615,639]" degrees="113" direction="west" minutes="11.60" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" precision="9" value="-113.19334">113°11.60′W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF870782FDFEFDFAA019" box="[460,544,617,639]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.581" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="2581.0">2581 m</quantity>
|
||
on a dead smoker. The sample was collected from the top of the highest chimney (up to
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF87072FFD31FE56A0DC" box="[353,396,678,700]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="6.0">6 m</quantity>
|
||
high) of an inactive site, a few metres from some active black smokers with a relatively dense population of the sea anemone
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD6FF87048BFD74FE92A170" class="Anthozoa" family="Hormathiidae" genus="Chondrophellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF87048BFD74FECDA170" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Chondrophellia</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
The sponges were attached to the vertical face of the chimney comprising sulfide deposits. The sample fragment also bore the sponge
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD6FF870485FCA8FE87A114" authority="Vacelet, 2006" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="naudur" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF870485FCA8FE87A114" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Abyssocladia naudur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8F39B68FFD6FF87072BFCC9FE61A114" box="[357,443,862,883]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, some hydroids and about
|
||
<specimenCount id="87B23188FFD6FF8704A0FCC9FECDA1F4" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of small white sea anemones.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF8706ECFC73FEFAA19E" blockId="3.[162,778,996,1601]" box="[162,288,996,1017]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF8706ECFC73FEFAA19E" box="[162,288,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF8706ECFB94FDD3A426" blockId="3.[162,778,996,1601]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
Eleven specimens or fragments of a small erect sponge, attached to the solid substratum by an enlarged base
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF87071EFBD7FE77A632" box="[336,429,1088,1109]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and forming an unbranched slender spicular axis with numerous lateral processes, arranged at right angles around the entire main axis, more rarely arranged irregularly in two lateral rows.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E0F44A3FFD6FF870722FB2CFE08A6B6" box="[364,466,1211,1233]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF8707ACFB2CFDEFA6B6" box="[482,565,1211,1233]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,1014,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-436@2.[302,1263,1013,1763]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. A, view of the holotype (left), two paratypes and a fragment of a paratype (scale bar: 3 mm). B, style (scale bar: 90 µm). C, developmental stage of anisochela (scale bar: 3.1 µm). D, anisochela (scale bar: 3.7 µm). E, anisochela, back view (scale bar: 3.2 µm). F, sigma (scale bar: 12 µm). G, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm). H, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427461/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF87040AFB2CFD49A6B7" box="[580,659,1211,1232]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
high with a 10-mm-long basal part of the axis devoid of lateral processes. Axis
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF870715FB6FFE3BA76A" box="[347,481,1272,1294]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="0.45" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, lateral processes conical, up to
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF8707D2FA80FE28A74B" box="[412,498,1303,1324]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long for
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF87042CFA80FD32A74B" box="[610,744,1303,1324]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter at the base.
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E0F44A3FFD6FF8707D1FAA1FDC8A72C" box="[415,530,1334,1355]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF87046FFAA2FDAEA72C" box="[545,628,1333,1355]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,1014,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-436@2.[302,1263,1013,1763]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. A, view of the holotype (left), two paratypes and a fragment of a paratype (scale bar: 3 mm). B, style (scale bar: 90 µm). C, developmental stage of anisochela (scale bar: 3.1 µm). D, anisochela (scale bar: 3.7 µm). E, anisochela, back view (scale bar: 3.2 µm). F, sigma (scale bar: 12 µm). G, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm). H, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427461/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) smaller, the largest
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF8706B3FAC3FE91A70E" box="[253,331,1364,1385]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="24.0">24 mm</quantity>
|
||
high with the same diameter as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E0F44A3FFD6FF8706ECFAE4FEDFA7EE" box="[162,261,1395,1417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, with similar lateral processes up to
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF8704FAFAE4FCD0A7EF" box="[692,778,1395,1416]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
maximum length. On specimens observed
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF8704CBFA05FD15A7C0" box="[645,719,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
, axis with an abrupt end and long lateral processes more numerous than on preserved samples. No visible aquiferous system. Colour white in life, cream to clear brown in alcohol, most often darker in the basal portion of the stem, base blackish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF8706ECF9F3FBB3A29F" blockId="3.[162,778,1636,1903]" lastBlockId="3.[826,1440,195,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF8706ECF9F3FED8A41E" box="[162,258,1636,1657]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
: Axis of fusiform styles longitudinally arranged, the thinner styles generally at the centre of the axis, from which arises the skeletal axis of the lateral processes. Axis of the processes conical at the base, with the styles anchored by their head reaching the centre of the stem and the point outwardly directed. Living tissue poorly preserved, forming a thin layer around the axis of the lateral processes and at their base, containing a huge number of anisochelae dispersed without order in the present state of preservation of the specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF870574FE88FC7AA352" blockId="3.[826,1442,287,953]" box="[826,928,287,309]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF870574FE88FC43A353" box="[826,921,287,308]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF870574FEA9FAE6A04C" blockId="3.[826,1442,287,953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
1. Styles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF8705FDFEA9FBDFA333" box="[947,1029,318,340]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,1014,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-436@2.[302,1263,1013,1763]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. A, view of the holotype (left), two paratypes and a fragment of a paratype (scale bar: 3 mm). B, style (scale bar: 90 µm). C, developmental stage of anisochela (scale bar: 3.1 µm). D, anisochela (scale bar: 3.7 µm). E, anisochela, back view (scale bar: 3.2 µm). F, sigma (scale bar: 12 µm). G, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm). H, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427461/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) of the axis of the stem and of the lateral processes, straight or rarely feebly curved, slightly fusiform, with a short, acerate tip. Size 380– 990 × 14–23 µm, with a variable length/thickness ratio, some short and thick (for instance 380 × 22 µm) and others long and slender (930 × 15 µm). Some spicules, mostly localized in the centre of the skeletal axis, of same length but only 3–10 µm thick.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF870574FDA4FC43A166" blockId="3.[826,1442,287,953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
2. Anchorate/unguiferate anisochelae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF87035AFDA4FA4FA02E" box="[1300,1429,563,585]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,1014,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-436@2.[302,1263,1013,1763]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. A, view of the holotype (left), two paratypes and a fragment of a paratype (scale bar: 3 mm). B, style (scale bar: 90 µm). C, developmental stage of anisochela (scale bar: 3.1 µm). D, anisochela (scale bar: 3.7 µm). E, anisochela, back view (scale bar: 3.2 µm). F, sigma (scale bar: 12 µm). G, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm). H, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427461/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 2D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), extremely numerous, with a curved shaft, five lanceolate alae and well-developed fimbriae at the large end, three fang-like, sharply curved alae at the small end. Size 15–17.5 µm. Developmental stages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF870306FD39FA40A0A3" box="[1352,1434,686,708]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,1014,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-436@2.[302,1263,1013,1763]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. A, view of the holotype (left), two paratypes and a fragment of a paratype (scale bar: 3 mm). B, style (scale bar: 90 µm). C, developmental stage of anisochela (scale bar: 3.1 µm). D, anisochela (scale bar: 3.7 µm). E, anisochela, back view (scale bar: 3.2 µm). F, sigma (scale bar: 12 µm). G, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm). H, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427461/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two equal ends and alae appearing as small nodules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF870574FC9DFBFDA13A" blockId="3.[826,1442,287,953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
3. Sigmas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF870588FC9DFBC2A147" box="[966,1048,778,800]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,1014,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-436@2.[302,1263,1013,1763]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. A, view of the holotype (left), two paratypes and a fragment of a paratype (scale bar: 3 mm). B, style (scale bar: 90 µm). C, developmental stage of anisochela (scale bar: 3.1 µm). D, anisochela (scale bar: 3.7 µm). E, anisochela, back view (scale bar: 3.2 µm). F, sigma (scale bar: 12 µm). G, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm). H, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427461/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
), moderately abundant, C or S shaped, very thin. Size 50–80 × 1–1.5 µm, the largest rare in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E0F44A3FFD6FF8705F1FCD0FBFEA13A" box="[959,1060,839,861]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF870574FCF1FADAA1DE" blockId="3.[826,1442,287,953]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
4. Sigmancistras (
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF87026AFCF1FB6BA11C" box="[1060,1201,870,892]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[142,220,1795,1814]" captionTargetBox="[305,1263,1014,1763]" captionTargetId="figure-436@2.[302,1263,1013,1763]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. A, view of the holotype (left), two paratypes and a fragment of a paratype (scale bar: 3 mm). B, style (scale bar: 90 µm). C, developmental stage of anisochela (scale bar: 3.1 µm). D, anisochela (scale bar: 3.7 µm). E, anisochela, back view (scale bar: 3.2 µm). F, sigma (scale bar: 12 µm). G, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm). H, sigmancistra (scale bar: 5.3 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427461" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427461/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 2G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), uncommon, not observed in
|
||
<specimenCount id="87B23188FFD6FF87058FFC12FB86A1FC" box="[961,1116,901,923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
, contorted, with acerate tips, without notch. Size 20–25 µm × 2.0 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF870574FC68FC46A673" blockId="3.[826,1442,1023,1904]" box="[826,924,1023,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF870574FC68FC46A673" box="[826,924,1023,1044]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF870574FB89FA57A7E2" blockId="3.[826,1442,1023,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
Underwater pictures taken from the submersible after collection of the tip of the chimney on which sponges were attached (
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF8705A3FBCCFB91A616" box="[1005,1099,1115,1137]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="27.[162,240,1608,1627]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-153@27.[322,1282,195,1576]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 17. A, Chondrocladia lampadiglobus sp. nov., holotype, 2714 m (Ifremer/Naudur). Inset: unidentified worm gliding on the lower left sphere of A, changing position during the video sequence. B, C. lampadiglobus, collection of the holotype by the arm of ‘Nautile’ submersible (Ifremer/Naudur). C, presumed C. lampadiglobus, GEOCYARISE 3 (CY 30), 2622 m, 12°54′N, 103°58′W (Ifremer/Geocyarize 3). D, presumed C. lampadiglobus, GEOCYARISE 1 (CY 07), 2623 m (Ifremer/Geocyarize 1). E, collection of Abyssocladia formosa sp. nov. by the arm of ‘Nautile’ submersible, 1997 m (Ifremer/ Starmer 1). F, three presumed Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. on a dead chimney on the tip of which was attached C. segonzaci and Abyssocladia naudur sp. nov. (Ifremer/Naudur)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427491/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 17F</figureCitation>
|
||
) probably represent this species, although it could be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD6FF870343FBEDFC55A6C9" authority="Vacelet, 2006" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Abyssocladia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="naudur" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF870343FBEDFC55A6C9" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Abyssocladia naudur</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8F39B68FFD6FF8705D7FB0EFC35A6C9" box="[921,1007,1177,1198]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
described below, which was attached to the same rock sample. The two sponges are very similar in gross morphology (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF87028DFB41FAFEA68B" box="[1219,1316,1238,1260]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="25.[162,240,1736,1755]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-110@25.[322,1282,195,1704]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 15. Abyssocladia naudur sp. nov. A, view of the holotype (scale bar: 4.3 mm). B, part of a paratype (scale bar: 3.4 mm). C, paratypes (scale bar: 2 mm). D, isochelae (scale bar: 5.5 µm). E, sigmancistra 1 and 2 (scale bar: 1.4 µm). F, style of the axis (scale bar: 64 µm). G, styles of the lateral processes (scale bar: 40 µm). H, diverse sizes of substrongyles of the base (scale bar: 33.4 µm)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427487/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 15A</figureCitation>
|
||
), and they were confused during the primary sorting operation and in the first spicule preparations. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD6FF870574FAA5FC19A72F" authorityName="Vacelet" authorityYear="2006" box="[826,963,1330,1352]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="segonzaci">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF870574FAA5FC19A72F" box="[826,963,1330,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">C. segonzaci</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more irregular, with shorter and thicker filaments arranged in two opposite series, nonalternating along the axis, and has no lateral buds.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF87051DFA19FBADA467" blockId="3.[826,1442,1023,1904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
The sponge is very fragile, and many lateral filaments were broken upon examination in the laboratory. The filaments were most certainly longer in living specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="098FE684FFD6FF870247FA7DFBB0A467" box="[1033,1130,1514,1536]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="27.[162,240,1608,1627]" captionTargetBox="[322,1282,195,1574]" captionTargetId="figure-153@27.[322,1282,195,1576]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 17. A, Chondrocladia lampadiglobus sp. nov., holotype, 2714 m (Ifremer/Naudur). Inset: unidentified worm gliding on the lower left sphere of A, changing position during the video sequence. B, C. lampadiglobus, collection of the holotype by the arm of ‘Nautile’ submersible (Ifremer/Naudur). C, presumed C. lampadiglobus, GEOCYARISE 3 (CY 30), 2622 m, 12°54′N, 103°58′W (Ifremer/Geocyarize 3). D, presumed C. lampadiglobus, GEOCYARISE 1 (CY 07), 2623 m (Ifremer/Geocyarize 1). E, collection of Abyssocladia formosa sp. nov. by the arm of ‘Nautile’ submersible, 1997 m (Ifremer/ Starmer 1). F, three presumed Cladorhiza segonzaci sp. nov. on a dead chimney on the tip of which was attached C. segonzaci and Abyssocladia naudur sp. nov. (Ifremer/Naudur)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5427491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5427491/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Fig. 17F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910BFA01FFD6FF80051DF99EFE9CA29F" blockId="3.[826,1442,1023,1904]" lastBlockId="4.[142,757,195,248]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">
|
||
The species differs from most other representatives of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD6FF870518F9B0FC0FA45B" authorityName="SARS" authorityYear="1872" box="[854,981,1575,1596]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF870518F9B0FC0FA45B" box="[854,981,1575,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">Cladorhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the small size of the anisochelae. The only other species with anisochelae smaller than 20 µm,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD6FF8705D7F9F2FB12A41C" authority="Levi, 1964" authorityName="Levi" authorityYear="1964" box="[921,1224,1637,1659]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="microchela">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF8705D7F9F2FBE9A41D" box="[921,1075,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">C. microchela</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F52587F0FFD6FF87020BF9F2FB12A41C" author="Levi C" box="[1093,1224,1637,1659]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" pagination="63 - 112" refId="ref19234" refString="Levi C. 1964. Spongiaires des zones bathyale, abyssale et hadale. Galathea Report 7: 63 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1964">Lévi, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, from the South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9A3BA91FFD6FF870574F914FCA5A4FE" box="[826,895,1667,1689]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
Sea (
|
||
<quantity id="564C57E4FFD6FF870584F914FBFBA4FE" box="[970,1057,1667,1689]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.33" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" unit="m" value="4330.0">4330 m</quantity>
|
||
), has anisochelae not exceeding 13 µm and differs from the new species in the larger size of the styles, and the absence of sigmas and sigmancistras. The peculiar shape of the small end of the anisochelae, with three fang-like alae, is rather unusual, although it resembles that of the anisochelae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56B48182FFD6FF87051BF8ABFAF6A536" authority="Dendy, 1887" authorityName="Dendy" authorityYear="1887" box="[853,1324,1851,1873]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pentacrinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3C02613FFD6FF87051BF8ABFC23A536" box="[853,1017,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">C. pentacrinus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F52587F0FFD6FF87024EF8ACFB50A537" author="Dendy A" box="[1024,1162,1851,1873]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" pagination="279 - 282" refId="ref18691" refString="Dendy A. 1887. On a remarkable new species of Cladorhiza obtained by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 20: 279 - 282." type="journal article" year="1887">Dendy, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F52587F0FFD6FF8702D6F8ACFAFEA536" author="Dendy A" box="[1176,1316,1851,1873]" pageId="3" pageNumber="556" pagination="279 - 282" refId="ref18691" refString="Dendy A. 1887. On a remarkable new species of Cladorhiza obtained by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 20: 279 - 282." type="journal article" year="1887">Dendy, 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9A3BA91FFD6FF870320F8ABFC43A517" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="556">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This species, however, differs in external shape, larger size of all spicule categories and absence of sigmancistra.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |