388 lines
44 KiB
XML
388 lines
44 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297096" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316535" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c1387d80-7836-4181-89bf-68078ab4ab54" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905267768" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="0C3F9942F57B5D9831553F506E45FCE6" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Spalacidae.907-926.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Spalax ehrenbergi Nehring 1897" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="A11DBA0A6C0B5DFF91C92FCE8D12B73F" lastPageNumber="918" masterDocId="A11DBA0A6C0B5DFF91C92FCE8D12B73F" masterDocTitle="Order Rodentia - Family Spalacidae" masterLastPageNumber="926" masterPageNumber="907" pageNumber="918" updateTime="1716779754618" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="0C980A47407D90CD192D3413A5EC84F9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="FB0291E13FCEEE2FA152877785AE5365">
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<mods:title id="F742F2654D6059A2D34E3091265C8789">Order Rodentia - Family Spalacidae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="10D5B04F981FB8B92CC53AB11A7A99E7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8E03BC8103439E3B3229095F08588B93">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="A5E36B2599018BF9101BD4F8EC781B3D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="FB1AE476894B454C49DE63B1C113AC27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FAB906CCC37F0113D93D85907F90DC75">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7389763A6857422E633A574EEAA8AB7C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:dateIssued id="6BB257A2ECF77FB1263F60A66429F48B">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:publisher id="68A4CB66FB4962BBB1D60AE5A5311C0D">The Johns Hopkins University Press</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place id="B69A3843B0AAE81D228CDDAF3EC3A987">
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<mods:placeTerm id="BC24AD787DF496896931937B98B67AD3">Baltimore</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo id="75DB9328CD21E01A68F505CB05F25959">
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<mods:title id="F148FDA730A55D1956EEA97F29E97DDB">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 2</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="D5AD8B087EA589BC487E885A0D0F52D3">
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<mods:extent id="3E6D565A3CB8061084CD573C96C7F5A9" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="35EDD62EDE384B85ACFFF6D0D44BEF5C">907</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5325CE4ADC5A07C2F5D8E2AD0D705D6A">926</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="573ED6B09C87D0C77CE4D134295D4C07">book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2BF35C4F6EABB2753A660CA44E985302" type="ISBN">0-8018-8221-4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4E996A0DAA7D2A0A30A5DC32FAF49EDB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.7316535</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="0C3F9942F57B5D9831553F506E45FCE6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231539246" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C3F9942F57B5D9831553F506E45FCE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C3F9942F57B5D9831553F506E45FCE6" lastPageNumber="918" pageNumber="918" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=13000028">
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<subSubSection id="F539A6DA50023ADFB010C21317B311E7" pageNumber="918" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="37800885383FBFF88677D142BADF0F24" pageNumber="918">
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||
<taxonomicName id="AE6FE9EAAA79726ABFFEAE05831AAA32" ID-CoL="4YDYR" authority="Nehring 1897" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="CDF70EB1FF51B8E0854C5BF6B89D553A" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax ehrenbergi</emphasis>
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Nehring 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B1D49E4233D320A27B4971D7CC5DC116" pageNumber="918" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="6148029B3C8EC9DF0917D2D57EABC1E4" pageNumber="918">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="A3664D3B41BAE8DCBBF252443A2453F1" author="Nehring" authority="Nehring 1897" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" journal="Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" page="pl. 2" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi" title="Spalax ehrenbergi" volume="(for December, 1897) 178" year="1897">
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<taxonomicName id="D466246CDE8022941E2F4F3A90CCB427" ID-CoL="4YDYR" authority="Nehring 1897" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="C32BB8F1C8B6A15DE472C9E0ED5628BB" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax ehrenbergi</emphasis>
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Nehring 1897
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="D48B008893FCD6A1E289C3A1431035BF" author="Nehring" journal="Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin" pageNumber="918" pagination="pl. 2" title="Spalax ehrenbergi" volume="(for December, 1897) 178" year="1897">Sitzb. Ges. Naturf. Fr. Berlin, (for December, 1897) 178: pl. 2</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="415594E235ACCFBB0B5EEE0234C59C03" pageNumber="918" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FAF6F08749AB492343B8BAA5340C344A" pageNumber="918">
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<emphasis id="03F74C3E854F4B990080DB88E3370B7C" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="918">Type Locality:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="91430BFCDE6BDAACDF35630B850DE4E7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867323301" country="Israel" pageNumber="918">
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<collectingCountry id="06EE4A2075F2118CB70EB1F1CEBCF943" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
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, Jaffa.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="62B780911050374E4AD76B70CC22DB99" pageNumber="918" type="vernacular_names">
|
||
<paragraph id="7084C14B539C66BB5219D19C0ACF5C92" pageNumber="918">
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<emphasis id="6B3FDBF21806BB27F7AC7E1D230954F9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="918">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="B4A53CCE918390EEB1F94EC67B99F8A7" language="eng" pageNumber="918">Middle East Blind Mole Rat</vernacularName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6773FB9AF466503E839AF261AE7FF6A3" pageNumber="918" type="synonym_list">
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||
<paragraph id="BCDDAD8E4E5D087D125AEF539A704A6D" pageNumber="918">
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<emphasis id="9E6D77F4046DA7DB66A69D27FFCB1A24" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="918">Synonyms:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="1F09E89F6A46E2603C01A6D4BDE4ADBF" authority="Nehring 1898" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegyptiacus">
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<emphasis id="893B4F22C1E77C760C53D6E72037066F" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax aegyptiacus</emphasis>
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Nehring 1898
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="0B6EED1A910A5BA1AC78593D2BFE4604" authority="Miller 1903" authorityName="Miller" authorityYear="1903" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="berytensis">
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<emphasis id="F45F36F2999DD94340C373B664F7CEA0" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax berytensis</emphasis>
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Miller 1903
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="96556B3700D5FF9E1FE52BD7B487D6DE" authority="Nehring 1902" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1902" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fritschi">
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<emphasis id="C71B9B4B68E5A5595BD03B215ABF9987" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax fritschi</emphasis>
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Nehring 1902
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="077452B39E0FB1E6C2358A8BC8099F9C" authority="Nehring 1898" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="intermedius">
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<emphasis id="69774E0BC19A7F65B33534AAF9FB2F13" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax intermedius</emphasis>
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Nehring 1898
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="9BCA58DA8C7963D53C8610DF4668DF98" authority="Nehring 1898" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kirgisorum">
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<emphasis id="02102D5B557036FD1CB15E0494A5E887" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax kirgisorum</emphasis>
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Nehring 1898
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="1861870E7C4EFFCF6657CF24DEEBE57D" authority="Coskun 1996" authorityName="Coskun" authorityYear="1996" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevoi">
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<emphasis id="04AE457929B6707889369FFD2EC56088" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax nevoi</emphasis>
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Coskun 1996
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="6700BFE9B44928700F15CB83DCF96111" authority="Coskun 1996" authorityName="Coskun" authorityYear="1996" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageNumber="918" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tuncelicus">
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<emphasis id="CA9732EC747440670219172232937FFD" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax tuncelicus</emphasis>
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Coskun 1996
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="162111E5D3F77203CE329AB8742F5A39" pageNumber="918" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="2DAACA3C43F3CB9C9142050EB13DC4C5" pageNumber="918">
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<emphasis id="1E79A94EF29A2FB636E7A88F954E93BE" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="918">Distribution:</emphasis>
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Middle East: SE
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<collectingCountry id="5988B2AF3116E35E4FBFD1F3E0D69786" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
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(Kryštufek and Vohralík, 2001), N
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<collectingCountry id="2D08403AE370CD8DE65815006C7E62AF" name="Iraq">Iraq</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="C3F2F296A8C09A88249C80CD884148AF" author="Hatt, R. T." refId="ref142634" refString="Hatt, R. T. 1959. The mammals of Iraq. Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 106: 1 - 113." year="1959">Hatt, 1959</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="89FAF47C27B74865B294EBBF334B40F0" name="Syria">Syria</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E3C6352240028096C8FED42D99B1E7D2" name="Lebanon">Lebanon</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="18AF986F1CD0E0EC9BD0997903FEAAB3" name="Jordan">Jordan</collectingCountry>
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, and Jaffa,
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<collectingCountry id="82E1D6E8535188A203B37CA6AEDA86E9" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
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. North Africa: Mediterranean coastal region from west of Nile Delta in N
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<collectingCountry id="F545B959F70D2CC34657EA09D78C19B0" name="Egypt">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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to N Libyan Cyrenaica (
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<bibRefCitation id="310DB1B9858E61FE3537B7D99B4A1DB7" author="Lay, D. M. & C. F. Nadler" refId="ref207559" refString="Lay, D. M., and C. F. Nadler. 1972. Cytogenetics and origin of North African Spalax (Rodentia: Spalacidae). Cytogenetics, 11: 279 - 285." year="1972">Lay and Nadler, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="ED701437EF2F820A90FDDCC37EC4A5FB" author="Osborn, D. J. & I. Helmy" refId="ref268547" refString="Osborn, D. J., and I. Helmy. 1980. The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai). Fieldiana: Zoology, 5: 1 - 579." year="1980">Osborn and Helmy, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B5DC9658D72EABF58F15577327F04122" author="Ranck, G. L." refId="ref297223" refString="Ranck, G. L. 1968. The rodents of Libya: Taxonomy, ecology, and zoogeographical relationships. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 275: 1 - 264." year="1968">Ranck, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5F3F4A0E51A038C3DD66FF78A152DF3E" pageNumber="918" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="52BF148CD4E8AD5623B0D73302BD4060" pageNumber="918">
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<emphasis id="73C99CC2A1618095834131EACBCD03A5" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="918">Conservation:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="CBE76BCBAA12CAABFC43B000C331F366">IUCN</collectionCode>
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– Lower Risk (lc) as
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<taxonomicName id="C971499BEBBEC64CC9227306F9D9DB01" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="F6A5F06293646F92F10BFE9AC84F732B" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Nannospalax ehrenbergi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="5C3C6E78CE42E99B74DAC73758CA8C42" pageNumber="918" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="EB89771BD8E1F6AE22F11BA673FA8D34" pageNumber="918">
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<emphasis id="46371C9425873C87E7C0CF982CDEC971" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="918">Discussion:</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="5565029DC533180DE1F7188CE1E81B61" pageNumber="918">
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A cluster of allopatric or parapatric species, each primarily diagnosed by unique chromosomal traits but lacking strong attendant morphological or other distinguishing features, expresses the current perception of
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<taxonomicName id="73CB2C612A63A2C5A97A81BA58DB525B" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="9BF7C3AEF12DFE1A9B56388C88091C7C" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the reason it is referred to as the
|
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<taxonomicName id="135C30F59ECD67C6B7FC8D7071C25289" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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<emphasis id="93FD877807AFFBC14CFCA9625A990591" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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superspecies (see reviews by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="2449B2CABCECB6AA895B69ECC674A4E3" author="Nevo, E." refId="ref258171" refString="Nevo, E. 1991. Evolutionary theory and processes of active speciation and adaptive radiation in subterranean mole rats, Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies, in Israel. Evolutionary Biology, 25: 1 - 125." year="1991">Nevo, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AF5F1B86C8A70305C930757DF44FD8C5" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Savič and Nevo, 1990). For more than 30 years, Israeli populations of this "superspecies" have been the subjects of intensive research concerning evolutionary theory and the processes of speciation and adaptive radiation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="165A0CB08D1A20042263F16AC15D1CAE" author="Nevo, E." refId="ref258171" refString="Nevo, E. 1991. Evolutionary theory and processes of active speciation and adaptive radiation in subterranean mole rats, Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies, in Israel. Evolutionary Biology, 25: 1 - 125." year="1991">Nevo, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="95A6B4568141BCEECB8992ACE4386DCA" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These studies have resulted in the exclusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F6ABE5DF053BD2E411CBB99DA9E7B50" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
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||
<emphasis id="1D02F0FD92BF3BAC801DAB5F975EBA40" italics="true" pageNumber="918">ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as historically recognized) from
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||
<collectingCountry id="47409DE9ED52785A9D0816D28E90D536" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
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||
and its replacement by four newly described species (see accounts of
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||
<taxonomicName id="E3E9C13813221F232829833A43D6D931" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmeli">
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||
<emphasis id="29552DEAF2A4EB35C854B1E8D43B0C10" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. carmeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8A8B664C1B52CC5FC49E65942746676" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="galili">
|
||
<emphasis id="C8A4BC2D4F9CB73B0905676DEA3EB2B7" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. galili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="673C8AF4418055EF06E4D6EDEF11086C" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="golani">
|
||
<emphasis id="666C6DD288A75DF0B37BE97E6819D066" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. golani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="75930A9C716B953A373C39B9EBE326F3" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="judaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="93264EB4EF9A8014AFBE6D14FC411A48" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. judaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B8CD5D3A162BFC9BBF96CB7D106876B5" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo et al. (2001:20)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
defined as "genetically cohesive, interbreeding reproductive communities, adapted to four different climatic-ecological regimes." Each have parapatric ranges separated by narrow hybrid zones but without introgression (e.g., impaired gametogenesis;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE8AE60B26FDAA61F88818CEB030B8F9" author="Zuccotti, M. & S. Garagna & C. A. Redi & S. Simson & E. Nevo & E. Capanna" refId="ref408619" refString="Zuccotti, M., S. Garagna, C. A. Redi, S. Simson, E. Nevo, and E. Capanna. 1995. Spermatogenesis of Spalax ehrenbergi natural hybrids (Rodentia, Spalacidae). Mammalia, 59 (1): 119 - 125." year="1995">Zuccotti et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; strong selection against unfit hybrids, restricted dispersal of hybrids into parental territories, and lowered fitness of hybrids; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C0311C36388A6571F728AE0066EA734" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The four are defined primarily by chromosomal traits, although each can be also distinguished by subtle distinctions in anatomy of middle ear ossicles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7C9A6907400D1BF0E244959C0B663894" author="Burda, H. & E. Nevo & V. Bruns" refId="ref46593" refString="Burda, H., E. Nevo, and V. Bruns. 1990. Adaptive differentiation of ear structures in subterranean mole-rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel. Zoologische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, 117: 369 - 382." year="1990">Burda et al., 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), baculum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F3C4B7BCE71EBB1FFC157C5D2D5B3768" author="Simson, S. & B. Lavie & E. Nevo" refId="ref328931" refString="Simson, S., B. Lavie, and E. Nevo. 1993. Penial differentiation in speciation of subterranean mole rats Spalax ehrenbergi in Israel. Journal of Zoology, London, 229: 493 - 503." year="1993">Simson et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), mandible (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36D1AD36A4AF398B20CD9C4D7C552DFE" author="Corti, M. & C. Fadda & S. Simson & E. Nevo" refId="ref68515" refString="Corti, M., C. Fadda, S. Simson, and E. Nevo. 1996 a. Size and shape variation in the mandible of the fossorial rodent Spalax ehrenbergi: A Procrustes Analysis of three dimensions. Pp. 303 - 320, in Advances in Morphometrics (L. F. Marcus, M. Corti, A. Loy, G. J. P. Naylor, D. E. Slice, eds.). Plenum Press, New York, 620 pp." year="1996">
|
||
Corti et al., 1996
|
||
<emphasis id="F7315297C4CDF15F2E47B2564D37E670" italics="true" pageNumber="918">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), incisor enamel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3CB2C8AE43C9D67E69736F91AE835E08" author="Flynn, L. J. & E. Nevo & G. Heth" refId="ref105830" refString="Flynn, L. J., E. Nevo, and G. Heth. 1987. Incisor enamel microstructure in blind mole rats: Adaptive and phylogenetic significance. Journal of Mammalogy, 68 (3): 500 - 507." year="1987">Flynn et al., 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and molars (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="920586E8E2707995928062D1D905A041" author="Butler, P. M. & E. Nevo & A. Beiles & S. Simson" refId="ref48072" refString="Butler, P. M., E. Nevo, A. Beiles, and S. Simson. 1993. Variations of molar morphology in the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies: Adaptive and phylogenetic significance. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 229: 191 - 216." year="1993">Butler et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); morphometrics (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2805B930D1AC496459FF7DE9AF176311" author="Nevo, E. & E. Tchernov & A. Beiles" refId="ref258409" refString="Nevo, E., E. Tchernov, and A. Beiles. 1988. Morphometrics of speciating mole rats: Adaptive differentiation in ecological speciation. Zeitschrift fur Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 26: 286 - 314." year="1988">Nevo et al., 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); genetic patterns (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4529092031D1448D8F546FC897EE4060" author="Ben-Shlomo, R. & E. Nevo" refId="ref27618" refString="Ben-Shlomo, R., and E. Nevo. 1993. Myosin-heavy-chain DNA polymorphisms of subterranean mole rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel. Genetics, Selection, and Evolution, 25: 211 - 227." year="1993">Ben-Shlomo and Nevo, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ben-Shlomo et al., 1993, 1996;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="714AD25A5F4F1247D837EE2B66874C81" author="Nevo, E. & A. Beiles" refId="ref258370" refString="Nevo, E., and A. Beiles. 1992. MtDNA polymorphisms: Evolutionary significance in adaptation and speciation of subterranean mole rats. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 47: 385 - 405." year="1992">Nevo and Beiles, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2BD288ECE328ED8198D1480B4E360CB4" author="Nevo, E. & R. Ben-Shlomo & A. Beiles & C. P. Hart & F. H. Ruddle" refId="ref258565" refString="Nevo, E., R. Ben-Shlomo, A. Beiles, C. P. Hart, and F. H. Ruddle. 1992 a. Homeobox DNA polymorphisms (RFLPs) in subterranean mammals of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Patterns, correlates, and evolutionary significance. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 263: 430 - 441." year="1992">
|
||
Nevo et al., 1992
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="164C50BB48D28DBF4B697BA4B670CEEA" author="Rylands, A. B. & A. F. Coimbra-Filho & R. A. Mittermeier" refId="ref313473" refString="Rylands, A. B., A. F. Coimbra-Filho, and R. A. Mittermeier. 1993. Systematics, geographic distribution, and some notes on the conservation status of the Callitrichidae. Pp. 11 - 77, in Marmosets and tamarins: Systematics, behaviour, and ecology, (A. B. Rylands, ed.). Oxford University Press, 416 pp." year="1993">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ED01D938F10450C75118E6044BF71EF" italics="true" pageNumber="918">a</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="A6CECC0B9EC538C2D6A958D8E909AAD5" italics="true" pageNumber="918">b</emphasis>
|
||
, 1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="02D60C8E46BEEA52DE06715DD074BC5A" author="Nevo, E. & M. G. Filippucci & A. Beiles" refId="ref258766" refString="Nevo, E., M. G. Filippucci, and A. Beiles. 1994 a. Genetic polymorphisms in subterranean mammals (Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies) in the Near East revisited: Patterns and theory. Heredity, 72: 465 - 487." year="1994">
|
||
1994
|
||
<emphasis id="F1A65A8A4543ED57663E3A637D00AB3E" italics="true" pageNumber="918">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1997, 1999); DNA/DNA hybridization (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D7AC2C8D07A8C7AA6D686A63247D5D1" author="Catzeflis, F. M. & E. Nevo & J. E. Ahlquist & C. G. Sibley" refId="ref55177" refString="Catzeflis, F. M., E. Nevo, J. E. Ahlquist, and C. G. Sibley. 1989. Relationships of the chromosomal species in the Eurasian mole rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi group as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization, and an estimate of the Spalacid-Murid divergence time. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 29: 223 - 232." year="1989">Catzeflis et al., 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and patterns associated with physiology, population structures, and behavior (see additional references in the comprehensive review by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CCA37B24496B87E9BB4AE2448F648761" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo et al., 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F52431388BDB9223A7E03032C759DBCF" pageNumber="918">
|
||
Confusingly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="92C8F97965DAE680E18191274B1B8100" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo et al. (2001:23)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not use
|
||
<taxonomicName id="269802D85473875B6726742508AE7A79" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0F461CB803544E3705618470E0C652A" italics="true" pageNumber="918">ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for any of the four Israeli species they recognized, all described as new, because the formal descriptions are based on chromosomal differences and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8C1EB96F1299AEE499DCD1B460088DFF">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E1F2F2BA345EE0835EB1CDC7CE169AE" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="56965A277DD26D60644741288A483144" italics="true" pageNumber="918">ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
comes from Jaffa, a place located in a hybrid zone between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="87E5C4B3FBB9362C2CF883C190174EDE" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carmeli">
|
||
<emphasis id="AB97291036DFC9560AA5C716D7203EB1" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. carmeli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2n = 58) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BE38DC0D2114E2E6F125719C22B73D0" authorityName="Nevo, Ivanitskaya, and Beiles" authorityYear="2001" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="judaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="3719F597A0B7B255328F801023747136" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. judaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(2n = 60). Because the karyotype is unretrievable from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="8DD517A7255C4EEEB953BB3ED2961AC2">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2735644BEB17109BC178CFC8D355F7B" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo et al. (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reserve
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C4FD7E9AB42E4C1A9B8765C837AFF12" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC09F53652C4E4988113572BBDCD5C52" italics="true" pageNumber="918">ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to designate the superspecies but recognize no species per se. No nomenclatural problem exists for those unwilling to accept Nevo’s species definitions (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="65E620D6868C7BE5E4E8ED224F890250" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & A. Beiles" refId="ref259082" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, and A. Beiles. 2001. Adaptive radiation of blind subterranean mole rats: Naming and revisiting the four sibling species of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel: Spalax galili (2 n = 52), S. golani (2 n = 54), S. carmeli (2 n = 58) and S. judaei (2 n = 60). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, 195 pp." year="2001">Nevo et al., 2001:2</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), for then
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E738809ECB1E5D6369ABD682B1BF164" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1980FFB05883330A578FBF05E747BD81" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is simply a species containing great diversity in chromosomal morphology and other traits. On the other hand, if most populations now sequestered in the superspecies are divided into species in a manner apropos those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A2A21A2CFAFCFC5D11BD41439D385B5E" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the status of the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A21F9D00DEDCB391ADF44878C9BF4534" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="4B38DB40F1F121F2E7955264B8B07D5D" italics="true" pageNumber="918">ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will have to be formally clarified, either by resorting to legal petition that renders it unavailable or by identifying the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0B26287A23CF5C40B5C3A28B6B4F6A72">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
through genetic analyses based on dry tissue.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6C137E9D3FAB57023591D14B4B6917FA" pageNumber="918">
|
||
Chromosomal, allozymic, and body size data from Jordanian samples of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="417B7E5D89C0CABB99E613E6AB774D74" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="5D18D1D562612AC3FF99680145D83E11" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex has also revealed the presence of an additional four "putative" species with geographic distributions associated with different habitats and climatic regimes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="93FD8A5440FE83EC076449B4319DA448" author="Ivanitskaya, E. & E. Nevo" refId="ref169570" refString="Ivanitskaya, E., and E. Nevo. 1998. Cytogenetics of mole rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies from Jordan (Spalacidae, Rodentia). Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde, 63: 336 - 346." year="1998">Ivanitskaya and Nevo, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4C1213F7D731F4EDAF6FC7BFBD79EDF5" author="Nevo, E. & E. Ivanitskaya & M. G. Filippucci & A. Beiles" refId="ref259031" refString="Nevo, E., E. Ivanitskaya, M. G. Filippucci, and A. Beiles. 2000. Speciation and adaptive radiation of subterranean mole rats, Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies, in Jordan. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 69: 263 - 281." year="2000">Nevo et al., 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Significant chromosomal, allozymic, ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences, and dental diversity also characterize samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1798D76D23D00F5C0931ABE859905E9C" baseAuthorityName="Nehring" baseAuthorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Nannospalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB67EA2527996C96FA2194EE614F59D4" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from SE
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1F5E534D7F8925A0254C55577D565E17" name="Turkey">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B075E2CE73A68976DFA5CEF2F4A4263" author="Butler, P. M. & E. Nevo & A. Beiles & S. Simson" refId="ref48072" refString="Butler, P. M., E. Nevo, A. Beiles, and S. Simson. 1993. Variations of molar morphology in the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies: Adaptive and phylogenetic significance. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 229: 191 - 216." year="1993">Butler et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5BAE0186B5CF09BC28D09832BF7F779D" author="Ivanitskaya, E. & Y. Coskun & E. Nevo" refId="ref169844" refString="Ivanitskaya, E., Y. Coskun, and E. Nevo. 1997. Banded karyotypes of mole rats (Spalax, Spalacidae, Rodentia) from Turkey: A comparative analysis. Journal of Zoological and Systematic Evolutionary Research, 35: 171 - 177." year="1997">Ivanitskaya et al., 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5D40CDACBC388D2CE73FA424E57405D7" author="Nevo, E. & M. G. Filippucci & C. Redi & A. Korol & A. Beiles" refId="ref258813" refString="Nevo, E., M. G. Filippucci, C. Redi, A. Korol, and A. Beiles. 1994 b. Chromosomal speciation and adaptive radiation of mole rats in Asia Minor correlated with increased ecological stress. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 9: 8160 - 8164." year="1994">
|
||
Nevo et al., 1994
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3A9A65A8669B5E9F3192475106E27968" author="Giagia-Athanasopoulou, E. B. & B. P. Chondropoulos & S. E. Fraguedakis-Tsolis" refId="ref120130" refString="Giagia-Athanasopoulou, E. B., B. P. Chondropoulos, and S. E. Fraguedakis-Tsolis. 1995. Robertsonian chromosomal variation in subalpine voles Microtus (Terricola), (Rodentia, Arvicolidae) from Greece. Acta Theriologica, 40 (2): 139 - 143." year="1995">
|
||
<emphasis id="5001582DF7BD97C6987D11387DCB638F" italics="true" pageNumber="918">b</emphasis>
|
||
, 1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sözen et al., 1999;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="855FF4463911356625905D888E999CD8" author="Suzuki, H. & S. Wakana & H. Yonekawa & K. Moriwaki & S. Sakurai & E. Nevo" refId="ref344694" refString="Suzuki, H., S. Wakana, H. Yonekawa, K. Moriwaki, S. Sakurai, and E. Nevo. 1996 a. Variations in ribosomal DNA and mitochondrial DNA among chromosomal species of subterranean mole rats. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 13 (1): 85 - 92." year="1996">
|
||
Suzuki et al., 1996
|
||
<emphasis id="AC79E3375BFC4D67A368D78C5DF51B5F" italics="true" pageNumber="918">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="77CCF7751C85E3F13403C37C34314EA7" pageNumber="918">
|
||
Chromosomal data from an Egyptian sample were provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="78549E663C1D41E9B679A4DE734861AF" author="Lay, D. M. & C. F. Nadler" refId="ref207559" refString="Lay, D. M., and C. F. Nadler. 1972. Cytogenetics and origin of North African Spalax (Rodentia: Spalacidae). Cytogenetics, 11: 279 - 285." year="1972">Lay and Nadler (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who noted its close similarity to central Israeli specimens based on the shared 2n of 60. However, a multidisciplinary approach reveals that the Egyptian population differs from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58DAE0CD8A977C3C95BD66DA803EC664" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
species by bacular traits (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C7E6C78435F8A192B19C013CD5407D5" author="Simson, S. & B. Lavie & E. Nevo" refId="ref328931" refString="Simson, S., B. Lavie, and E. Nevo. 1993. Penial differentiation in speciation of subterranean mole rats Spalax ehrenbergi in Israel. Journal of Zoology, London, 229: 493 - 503." year="1993">Simson et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), molar variation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ECDB9F7E5BBFD862D109FF7F38FF64A0" author="Butler, P. M. & E. Nevo & A. Beiles & S. Simson" refId="ref48072" refString="Butler, P. M., E. Nevo, A. Beiles, and S. Simson. 1993. Variations of molar morphology in the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies: Adaptive and phylogenetic significance. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 229: 191 - 216." year="1993">Butler et al., 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), allozymic diversity (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8CC3C9437056D5CD082FD8B4686073E4" author="Nevo, E. & M. G. Filippucci & A. Beiles" refId="ref258766" refString="Nevo, E., M. G. Filippucci, and A. Beiles. 1994 a. Genetic polymorphisms in subterranean mammals (Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies) in the Near East revisited: Patterns and theory. Heredity, 72: 465 - 487." year="1994">
|
||
Nevo et al., 1994
|
||
<emphasis id="27112061AA0842E645FD4B58BFBD491C" italics="true" pageNumber="918">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), cranial morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D5518AB6FFC1854B3E02F47476F38EB0" author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), behavioral traits, and a different karyotypic complement even though the 2n is 60 (Nevo et al., 1992
|
||
<emphasis id="7DB623A73FA30DE2F7CE857AD71FF274" italics="true" pageNumber="918">c</emphasis>
|
||
). Nevo et al. (1992
|
||
<emphasis id="D968B446EC9457EABC4A0154E36A6327" italics="true" pageNumber="918">c</emphasis>
|
||
:431) proposed that the Egyptian "isolate is a recently speciating derivative of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="333900A0CDE6CC6356AB8D200B89B847" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="7E0540D47F57B4E234E3FBCDFE0DEBCA" italics="true" pageNumber="918">Spalax ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
superspecies, which possibly evolved, because of the disjunction of the Sinai desert from the Israeli mole rats …
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9832B0C2B81DC3DE0CFA86512E325B16" degrees="10,000" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="10.0">10,000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="639F4B8ACE6655070EED463129E4F02C" degrees="20,000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-20.0">-20,000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
years ago." If the Egyptian population is treated as a separate species (and the same as the Libyan population),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="857813CBB3411EB4E985D68919FC0C93" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1898" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aegyptiacus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5E0B13041E188464286A1DB61947A3EB" italics="true" pageNumber="918">aegyptiacus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(type locality, Ramleh, near Alexandria; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="36488E8B8DCD5B6C2C3A61BC46BDBC78" author="Ellerman, J. R. & T. C. S. Morrison-Scott" refId="ref93180" refString="Ellerman, J. R., and T. C. S. Morrison-Scott. 1951. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian mammals 1758 to 1946. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 810 pp." year="1951">Ellerman and Morrison-Scott, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is the name that should be applied to this North African segment of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3D20B7558FEB3BB79DBBA3B364F035A" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C76D1E7328CBE820E29425CD969967E" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D0B7B88319E6019F192BB8A8B728B37" pageNumber="918">
|
||
Record of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B9B51110648CEBD51A76EDB346D075D" authorityName="Nehring" authorityYear="1897" class="Mammalia" family="Spalacidae" genus="Spalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ehrenbergi">
|
||
<emphasis id="C86915D1B194D1C006F62778F3D23D7B" italics="true" pageNumber="918">S. ehrenbergi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="90EB7175BB23A525C7E3C94EE8972C67" name="Israel">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
goes back at least 1.4 million years years before present, but notable diversification in the superspecies is not evident until the last 120,000 years before present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A76C319457889AF3B2E6CBF46D4694E0" author="Nevo, E. & R. L. Honeycutt & H. Yonekawa & K. Nelson & N. Hanzawa" refId="ref258707" refString="Nevo, E., R. L. Honeycutt, H. Yonekawa, K. Nelson, and N. Hanzawa. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in subterranean mole-rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies in Israel, and its peripheral isolates. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10 (3): 590 - 604." year="1993">Nevo, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see reviews by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF444D73B2257404F2128980FCF61171" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349586" refString="Tchernov, E. 1992. The Afro-Arabian component in the Levantine mammalian fauna-a short biogeographic review. Israel Journal of Zoology, 38: 155 - 192." year="1992">Tchernov, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D4A1C596675CA0E8DB7AF74EC5847FD6" author="Tchernov, E." refId="ref349615" refString="Tchernov, E. 1994. New comments on the biostratigraphy of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene of the Southern Levant. Pp. 333 - 350, in Late Quaternary chronology and paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean (O. Bar-Yosef and R. S. Kra, eds.). Radiocarbon, 1994, 371 pp." year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and references cited therein). A Lebanese sample, available from prehistoric Natufian occupation, dates from
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="65B89BF8BA0AF57FB830A14D8D2FF13C" degrees="10,500" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="10.5">10,500</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FFE1BF5D26A2EDE69A5E753977243192" degrees="8,000" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="-8.0">-8,000</geoCoordinate>
|
||
years before present (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4881C9A85412E09E50EDDD247C8E7E80" author="Churcher, C. S." refId="ref61887" refString="Churcher, C. S. 1994. The vertebrate fauna from the Natufian Level at Jebel Es-Saaide (Saaide II), Lebanon. Paleorient, 20 (2): 35 - 58." year="1994">Churcher, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |