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<document id="0AC12BB1902109C1D5E881222837F989" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.208567" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9fa5f542-fb75-4aac-a892-df67942ff908" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="208567" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460557319554" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Doan, Tiffany M. &amp; Lamar, William W." docDate="2012" docId="F75087F85504310BFF35EC64CEC004C0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03565p054.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3565" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cercosaura hypnoides Doan &amp; Lamar, 2012, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="0B69FF8055053102FFA2EB72CC400437" masterDocTitle="A new montane species of Cercosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Colombia, with notes on the distribution of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="54" masterPageNumber="44" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698319528798" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="B034ABB65EDACF62286ABC0BDDC1F08B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="86A91583EDAF881492E0E0D593543003">A new montane species of Cercosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Colombia, with notes on the distribution of the genus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:role id="C2C2ABA5FB2141900D20C163EA6FE01D">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D9EDDF284E2FFA84ABD106B0F9E6FF19">Doan, Tiffany M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A6F7CFCD474A695CD951FA4FC35B0B05" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D152C855AC78560294A617C450745B06">Lamar, William W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="595B35EFC19C05EC077C6507A9DDB977">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="1287CF768F2603B8B3072FB7F563AAEE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1402B4A6D9A208AC5D1A7E1090272764">
<mods:date id="87AA54AF76D0E76656971162FDC41E05">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B4520AEAD638679FC4FCAEA34BCE229A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F50BCA74F1F15079F52DEB2A87989817">3565</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7C81DB0C78925660D7E08F2D1E01AFA7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3DCA8254CE0A2D2EE4AF7B4BDF889210" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.208567</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C60FC47D3B89408A9E90957E25729788" type="GBIF-Dataset">9fa5f542-fb75-4aac-a892-df67942ff908</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DB698526A3E5E6525174082E847FF47E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8810741D5EB25F7CF16DD1B00C250D68" type="Zenodo-Dep">208567</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F75087F85504310BFF35EC64CEC004C0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5657707" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119556013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5657707" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0AF96CEF-8879-4BD9-AF02-5E23730048ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F75087F85504310BFF35EC64CEC004C0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="37E3656555043103FF35EC64CD630366" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55043103FF35EC64CE7C0307" blockId="1.[151,572,1814,1873]" box="[151,572,1814,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="240E818255043103FF35EC64CE7C0307" bold="true" box="[151,572,1814,1840]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55043103FF35EC64CE7C0307" bold="true" box="[151,572,1814,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55043103FF35EC64CDE40307" box="[151,420,1814,1840]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55043103FF35EC64CDE40307" bold="true" box="[151,420,1814,1840]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56BE578755043103FE0EEC64CE7C0307" box="[428,572,1814,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55043103FF35EC4BCD630366" blockId="1.[151,572,1814,1873]" box="[151,291,1849,1873]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<figureCitation id="E7C22A6B55043103FF35EC4BCD5F0366" box="[151,287,1849,1873]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,884,907]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1137,1160]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1399,1422]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1360,193,862]" captionTargetBox-1="[234,1360,202,1115]" captionTargetBox-2="[226,1360,625,1378]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[226,1361,193,863]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[226,1361,193,1116]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[226,1361,625,1378]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. — Holotype of Cercosaura hypnoides (UTA R- 60249) in life." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. — Holotype of adult Cercosaura hypnoides (UTA R- 60249). Top left: dorsal head view; top middle: ventral head view; bottom left: lateral head view; right: ventral body view. Scale bars = 5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. — Paratype of juvenile Cercosaura hypnoides (UTA R- 60248) in life." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/208568/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/208569/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/208570/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Figures 1–3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37E3656555043100FF35ECF0CE800001" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55043103FF35ECF0CEFF03D6" blockId="1.[151,1436,1921,2017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55043103FF35ECF0CD4B03AD" bold="true" box="[151,267,1922,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="A042884C55043103FF35ECF0CD4603AD" box="[151,262,1922,1946]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="19E8AE2B55043103FEB6ECF0CD0B03AD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" box="[276,331,1922,1946]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" name="University of Texas at Arlington" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">UTA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="19E8AE2B55043103FEF6ECF3CD2F03AE" box="[340,367,1921,1945]" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">R-</collectionCode>
60249 (
<figureCitation id="E7C22A6B55043103FE65ECF3CE5603AE" box="[455,534,1921,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,884,907]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,862]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[226,1361,193,863]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. — Holotype of Cercosaura hypnoides (UTA R- 60249) in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208568/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E7C22A6B55043103FD84ECF3CE7603AE" box="[550,566,1921,1945]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1137,1160]" captionTargetBox="[234,1360,202,1115]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[226,1361,193,1116]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. — Holotype of adult Cercosaura hypnoides (UTA R- 60249). Top left: dorsal head view; top middle: ventral head view; bottom left: lateral head view; right: ventral body view. Scale bars = 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208569/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">2</figureCitation>
), an adult male, from Vereda de Portachuelo, in the vicinity of Manzanares, Municipality of Acacías, Department of Meta,
<collectingCountry id="07EE767E55043103FD04ECD7CF58038A" box="[678,792,1957,1981]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Colombia</collectingCountry>
;
<geoCoordinate id="1ACD502955043103FC81ECD7CF29038A" box="[803,873,1957,1981]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" precision="5555" value="4.1">4.1°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="1ACD502955043103FCD6ECD7CF8E038A" box="[884,974,1957,1981]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" precision="5555" value="-73.8">73.8°W</geoCoordinate>
;
<quantity id="B8019B0B55043103FC7BECD7C86E038A" box="[985,1070,1957,1981]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="1640.0">1640 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="E7C22A6B55043103FB9FECD7C8C3038A" box="[1085,1155,1957,1981]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1713,1736]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[226,1361,193,1692]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. — Relief map of Colombia with type locality of Cercosaura hypnoides indicated by a red square. (Base map courtesy of mapsof. net)" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208571/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="45">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
); collected on
<date id="0B47102E55043103FA8AECD7CC8F03D6" pageId="1" pageNumber="45" value="1979-08-17">17 August 1979</date>
by William W. Lamar and Eduardo Thierry.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2B86666655073100FF35E806CFC107BD" box="[151,897,884,907]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208568/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[226,1360,193,862]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55073100FF35E806CFC107BD" blockId="2.[151,897,884,907]" box="[151,897,884,907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FF35E806CD5307BD" bold="true" box="[151,275,884,907]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
—Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FE0EE807CECF07BC" box="[428,655,885,907]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FE0EE807CECF07BC" box="[428,655,885,907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UTA R-60249) in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55073100FF65E8C0CE800001" blockId="2.[151,1436,946,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FF65E8C0CD0607FD" bold="true" box="[199,326,946,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<typeStatus id="A042884C55073100FF65E8C0CD0107FD" box="[199,321,946,970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
All
<typeStatus id="A042884C55073100FED8E8C1CDA507FC" box="[378,485,947,971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
from Vereda de Portachuelo,
<quantity id="B8019B0B55073100FC98E8C0CFD207FD" box="[826,914,946,970]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" unit="m" value="1640.0">1640 m</quantity>
, collected by William W. Lamar and Eduardo Thierry.
<collectionCode id="19E8AE2B55073100FF5BE8A4CD7107D9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" box="[249,305,982,1006]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" name="University of Texas at Arlington" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">UTA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="19E8AE2B55073100FE98E8A4CD1607D9" box="[314,342,982,1006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">R-</collectionCode>
60250, was found as an egg that hatched upon touch on 0
<date id="0B47102E55073100FC56E8A4C83F07D9" box="[1012,1151,982,1006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="1980-07-08">8 July 1980</date>
. All five other
<typeStatus id="A042884C55073100FA93E8A5C9DC07D8" box="[1329,1436,983,1007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
were collected as eggs that subsequently hatched in captivity.
<collectionCode id="19E8AE2B55073100FCFEE888CFD40025" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" box="[860,916,1018,1042]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" name="University of Texas at Arlington" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">UTA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="19E8AE2B55073100FC3FE888CFF80025" box="[925,952,1018,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">R-</collectionCode>
60248 (
<figureCitation id="E7C22A6B55073100FBB2E888C8150025" box="[1040,1109,1018,1042]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1399,1422]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,625,1378]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[226,1361,625,1378]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. — Paratype of juvenile Cercosaura hypnoides (UTA R- 60248) in life." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208570/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), collected on 0
<date id="0B47102E55073100FAADE888C9D70025" box="[1295,1431,1018,1042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="1979-07-08">8 July 1979</date>
;
<collectionCode id="19E8AE2B55073100FF35EF6CCC8F0001" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" box="[151,207,1054,1078]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34873" name="University of Texas at Arlington" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">UTA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="19E8AE2B55073100FF77EF6CCCB10001" box="[213,241,1054,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">R-</collectionCode>
60251–60254, collected on 0
<date id="0B47102E55073100FD94EF6CCEFC0001" box="[566,700,1054,1078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="1980-07-09">9 July 1980</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37E3656555073100FF65EF33CDBE0161" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55073100FF65EF33CDBE0161" blockId="2.[151,1436,946,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FF65EF33CD01006D" bold="true" box="[199,321,1089,1114]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
(1) supraoculars three; (2) superciliaries 4–5, first expanded onto dorsal surface of head; (3) palpebral eye-disc made up of a single, undivided scale; (4) supralabials five; (5) infralabials five; (6) dorsal body scales hexagonal, with high rounded keel; (7) dorsal scales in transverse and oblique rows; (8) transverse rows of dorsals 28–31; (9) a continuous series of small lateral scales separating dorsals from ventrals, 4–7 scales wide; (10) transverse ventral rows 16–20; (11) longitudinal ventral rows six; (12) femoral pores per hind limb 8–12; (13) preanal pores absent; (14) subdigital lamellae on Toe
<date id="0B47102E55073100FCA0EF85CF320139" box="[770,882,1270,1294]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" value="1918-04-22">IV 18–22</date>
; (15) limbs overlapping when adpressed against body; (16) dorsolateral stripe passing through dorsal surface of the eye and lateral stripe beginning on the supralabials, no vertebral stripe.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37E3656555073100FF65EE11CEC403E9" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55073100FF65EE11C94F02AD" blockId="2.[151,1436,946,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FF65EE11CD87014D" box="[199,455,1378,1402]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FF65EE11CD87014D" box="[199,455,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is most similar to the species that were formerly considered to belong to the genus
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FF35EEF4CDA601A9" authority="Ruibal, 1952" authorityName="Ruibal" authorityYear="1952" box="[151,486,1414,1438]" class="Squamata" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Pantodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FF35EEF4CD7701A9" box="[151,311,1414,1438]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Pantodactylus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1B684B1F55073100FEE5EEF4CD9E01A9" author="Ruibal" box="[327,478,1414,1438]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" refString="Ruibal, R. (1952) Revisionary studies of some South American Teiidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 106, 477 - 529." type="journal article" year="1952">Ruibal, 1952</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but may be distinguished from each of them by having lateral scales that are much smaller than the dorsal scales (versus dorsals and laterals approximately equal in size in
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FB37EED9C93201F5" authority="Ruibal" authorityName="Ruibal" box="[1173,1394,1450,1474]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FB37EED9C94C01F5" box="[1173,1292,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. parkeri</emphasis>
(Ruibal)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FA20EED9CDE001D0" authority="Boettger" authorityName="Boettger" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrilineata">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FA20EED9CD7001D1" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. quadrilineata</emphasis>
Boettger
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FE1BEEBDCEB401D1" authority="Wiegmann" authorityName="Wiegmann" box="[441,756,1486,1510]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersii">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FE1BEEBDCE2801D1" box="[441,616,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. schreibersii</emphasis>
Wiegmann
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FCE8EEBDCF8101D1" box="[842,961,1487,1510]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steyeri">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FCE8EEBDCF8101D1" box="[842,961,1487,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. steyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FC46EEBDC8AC01D1" box="[996,1260,1486,1510]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FC46EEBDC8AC01D1" box="[996,1260,1486,1510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may also be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FED8EE81CE78023D" box="[378,568,1522,1546]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrilineata">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FED8EE81CE78023D" box="[378,568,1522,1546]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. quadrilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having six longitudinal rows of ventral scales (versus 4).
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FABBEE81CD490219" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FABBEE81CD490219" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be further distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FD3AED65CF340219" authority="Ruibal" authorityName="Ruibal" box="[664,884,1558,1582]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FD3AED65CF4D0219" box="[664,781,1558,1582]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. parkeri</emphasis>
(Ruibal)
</taxonomicName>
by the high femoral pore count of 8–12 (versus 2–6 for
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FF59ED49CD340265" box="[251,372,1594,1618]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parkeri">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FF59ED49CD340265" box="[251,372,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. parkeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). The new species can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FC06ED49C8930265" authority="Wiegmann" authorityName="Wiegmann" box="[932,1235,1594,1618]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schreibersii">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FC06ED49C80E0265" box="[932,1102,1594,1618]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. schreibersii</emphasis>
Wiegmann
</taxonomicName>
by having three postocular scales (versus two) and by having 8–12 femoral pores versus 3–5.
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FBE2ED2DC9020241" box="[1088,1346,1630,1654]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FBE2ED2DC9020241" box="[1088,1346,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FED3EDF1CD9C02AD" box="[369,476,1667,1690]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steyeri">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FED3EDF1CD9C02AD" box="[369,476,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. steyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having six longitudinal rows of ventral scales (versus
<quantity id="B8019B0B55073100FBC3EDF0C8CC02AD" box="[1121,1164,1666,1690]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" unit="in" value="4.0">4 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FB31EDF1C8BE02AD" box="[1171,1278,1667,1690]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="steyeri">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FB31EDF1C8BE02AD" box="[1171,1278,1667,1690]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. steyeri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55073100FF65EDD4CEC403E9" blockId="2.[151,1436,946,2014]" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
The new species can be distinguished from additional species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FBCAEDD5C8AB0289" box="[1128,1259,1703,1726]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FBCAEDD5C8AB0289" box="[1128,1259,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Cercosaura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by possessing hexagonal dorsal scales arranged in transverse and oblique series (versus quadrangular dorsals in transverse and longitudinal series for
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FE03ED9DCE3B0331" authority="Wagler" authorityName="Wagler" box="[417,635,1774,1798]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FE03ED9DCE600331" box="[417,544,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. ocellata</emphasis>
Wagler
</taxonomicName>
and by having only transverse series in
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FBC2ED9DC9690331" authority="Peters" authorityName="Peters" box="[1120,1321,1774,1798]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argulus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FBC2ED9DC8990331" box="[1120,1241,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. argulus</emphasis>
Peters
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FA9EED9DCCB3031D" authority="Uzzell" authorityName="Uzzell" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicra">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FA9EED9DC9DC0331" box="[1340,1436,1774,1798]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. dicra</emphasis>
(Uzzell)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FEABEC61CE65031D" authority="Griffin" authorityName="Griffin" box="[265,549,1810,1834]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eigenmanni">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FEABEC61CDF6031D" box="[265,438,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. eigenmanni</emphasis>
(Griffin)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FD9EEC61CFCC031D" authority="O'Shaughnessy" authorityName="O'Shaughnessy" box="[572,908,1810,1834]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manicata">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FD9EEC61CE8E031D" box="[572,718,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. manicata</emphasis>
O’Shaughnessy
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FC01EC61C92C031D" authority="Gorzula and Senaris" authorityName="Gorzula and Senaris" box="[931,1388,1810,1834]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigroventris">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FC01EC61C814031D" box="[931,1108,1811,1834]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. nigroventris</emphasis>
(Gorzula and Señaris)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FA20EC61CDCB0379" authority="Lancini" authorityName="Lancini" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phelpsorum">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FA20EC61CD5B0379" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. phelpsorum</emphasis>
(Lancini)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FE65EC45CF5E0379" authority="O'Shaughnessy" authorityName="O'Shaughnessy" box="[455,798,1846,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FE65EC45CE210379" box="[455,609,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. vertebralis</emphasis>
O’Shaughnessy
</taxonomicName>
). The new species can be further separated from
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FAE2EC45C9DC0379" box="[1344,1436,1846,1870]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicra">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FAE2EC45C9DC0379" box="[1344,1436,1846,1870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. dicra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FF6BEC29CD250345" box="[201,357,1882,1906]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FF6BEC29CD250345" box="[201,357,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. vertebralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having three supraocular scales (versus four).
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FC0BEC29C8E80345" box="[937,1192,1882,1906]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FC0BEC29C8E80345" box="[937,1192,1882,1906]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FF77EC0DCD7203A1" box="[213,306,1918,1942]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicra">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FF77EC0DCD7203A1" box="[213,306,1918,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. dicra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FEC9EC0DCDB503A1" box="[363,501,1919,1942]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manicata">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FEC9EC0DCDB503A1" box="[363,501,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. manicata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8), and
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FDFCEC0DCF4803A1" box="[606,776,1919,1942]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigroventris">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FDFCEC0DCF4803A1" box="[606,776,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. nigroventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(8) by having six longitudinal rows of ventral scales. The new species additionally differs from
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FDE1ECD1C8EB038D" box="[579,1195,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FDE1ECD1CEFB038D" box="[579,699,1954,1978]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argulus">C. argulus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FD6AECD1CF2F038D" box="[712,879,1955,1978]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eigenmanni">C. eigenmanni</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FCD8ECD1CFB9038D" box="[890,1017,1954,1978]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellata">C. ocellata</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FBA7ECD1C8EB038D" box="[1029,1195,1954,1978]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phelpsorum">C. phelpsorum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55073100FB41ECD1C93E038D" box="[1251,1406,1954,1978]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vertebralis">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55073100FB41ECD1C93E038D" box="[1251,1406,1954,1978]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="46">C. vertebralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its pattern of dorsolateral and lateral stripes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2B86666655063101FF35EF03CF900091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208569/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" targetBox="[234,1360,202,1115]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55063101FF35EF03CF900091" blockId="3.[151,1436,1137,1190]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55063101FF35EF03CD5300B0" bold="true" box="[151,275,1137,1160]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
—Holotype of adult
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55063101FE4BEF00CE8E00B0" box="[489,718,1137,1159]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55063101FE4BEF00CE8E00B0" box="[489,718,1137,1159]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UTA R-60249). Top left: dorsal head view; top middle: ventral head view; bottom left: lateral head view; right: ventral body view. Scale bars = 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="37E365655506310AFF65EFA0CDBC06B3" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55063106FF65EFA0C85F04C0" blockId="3.[151,1436,1234,2015]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,572]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55063101FF65EFA0CDB300DC" bold="true" box="[199,499,1234,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47">
Description of
<typeStatus id="A042884C55063101FE21EFA1CDAE00DC" box="[387,494,1235,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
Adult male, with hemipenes everted, snout-vent length (SVL)
<quantity id="B8019B0B55063101FB4EEFA0C92600DD" box="[1260,1382,1234,1258]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.86" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="38.6">38.60 mm</quantity>
, tail
<quantity id="B8019B0B55063101FF35EF85CD500138" box="[151,272,1271,1295]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.811999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="48.12">48.12 mm</quantity>
, partially regenerated, length of regenerated portion
<quantity id="B8019B0B55063101FCDCEF85CFAA0138" box="[894,1002,1271,1295]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.03" pageId="3" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="8.03">8.03 mm</quantity>
; head scales smooth, glossy, without striations or rugosities; rostral scale wider than tall, meeting supralabials on either side at above the height of supralabials, in contact with frontonasal, nasals, and first supralabials; frontonasal wider than long, pentagonal with all corners rounded, in contact with nasals, prefrontals, and in point contact with loreal, shorter than frontal; prefrontals paired, pentagonal, in contact with frontal, anteriormost supraoculars, loreals, and anteriormost superciliaries; frontal longer than wide, hexagonal, in contact with first two pairs of supraoculars and frontoparietals; frontoparietals hexagonal, in contact with second and third pairs of supraoculars, parietals and interparietal; supraoculars three, first supraocular in contact with first three superciliaries, second supraocular in contact with supraciliaries 3 and 4, third supraocular in contact with fourth supraciliary, one postocular, and parietal; interparietal longer than wide, heptagonal, in contact with parietals and occipitals; parietals hexagonal, in contact with one postocular, a subequally large supratemporal, and one occipital; occipitals three, smaller than parietals, median smallest, extending further posteriorly than two lateral occipitals. Nasal longer than high, nostril situated in anterior third of scale, in contact with first and second supralabials, loreal, and frenocular; loreal quadrangular, not in contact with supralabials, contacting frenocular and first superciliary; frenocular quadrangular, dorsalmost corner in contact with first superciliary, in contact with second and third supralabials, preocular, and first subocular; four superciliaries, first expanded onto dorsal surface of head; one preocular, in contact with first superciliary and first subocular; palpebral eye-disc made up of a single transparent scale; suboculars five; postoculars three; temporals smooth, glossy, polygonal; supratemporals two, first largest; ear opening oblong, tympanum recessed; supralabials five, first four supralabials to angle of jaw; infralabials five. Mental wider than long, in contact with first infralabial and postmental posteriorly; postmental single, pentagonal, posterior suture angular with point directed posteriorly, in contact with first and second infralabials and first pair of genials; two pairs of genials, anterior pair in contact with second and third infralabials, second genials in contact with third and fourth infralabials; two pairs of chin shields, separated by irregular pregulars; gular scale rows eight; collar fold indistinct; lateral neck scales round, smooth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55013106FF65EA76CD08060B" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Dorsals hexagonal, longer than wide, with posterior margins slightly curved, imbricate, with single high rounded keel, in 30 transverse rows, oblique rows also present; some paravertebral scales irregularly arranged; longitudinal dorsal scale rows 10 at fifth transverse ventral scale row, 11 at tenth transverse ventral scale row, 10 at fifteenth transverse ventral scale row; wide continuous lateral scale series, five to six scales wide, approximately half the size of dorsals, rounded squarish, smaller and more numerous lateral scales at limb insertion regions; no lateral fold. Ventral scales smooth, squarish with rounded posterior margins, imbricate, in 18 transverse rows; longitudinal ventral scale rows at midbody 6; anterior and posterior preanal plate scales paired. Scales on tail like those on body; dorsal and dorsolateral caudal scales hexagonal with keel, ventral and ventrolateral caudal scales square, smooth.</paragraph>
<caption id="2B86666655013106FF35EE05CF9301B9" box="[151,979,1399,1422]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208570/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" targetBox="[226,1360,625,1378]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55013106FF35EE05CF9301B9" blockId="4.[151,979,1399,1422]" box="[151,979,1399,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55013106FF35EE05CD5201BA" bold="true" box="[151,274,1399,1422]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
—Paratype of juvenile
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55013106FE5CEE0BCEA101B9" box="[510,737,1400,1422]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55013106FE5CEE0BCEA101B9" box="[510,737,1400,1422]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UTA R-60248) in life.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55013106FF65EEC7CF2E03DE" blockId="4.[151,1436,1461,2025]" pageId="4" pageNumber="48">Limbs pentadactyl; digits clawed; dorsal brachial scales polygonal, subequal in size, subimbricate, smooth; ventral brachial scales much smaller than dorsal scales, round, juxtaposed, smooth; dorsal and ventral antebrachial scales polygonal, subequal in size, smooth. Scales on dorsal surface of manus polygonal, smooth, subimbricate; scales on palmar surface of manus small, rounded, subimbricate, domelike; thenar scales two, smooth laterally, raised into domes medially; finger length formula IV&gt; III&gt; II&gt; V&gt; I; scales on dorsal surfaces of fingers smooth, quadrangular, covering dorsal half of digit, overhanging supradigital lamellae 3/4 on I, 6 on II, 8 on III, 10 on IV, 5 on V; subdigital lamellae 6 on I, 9/10 on II, 13/14 on III, 14/15 on IV, 8/9 on V. Scales on anterodorsal surface of thigh large, polygonal, smooth, subimbricate; scales on posterior surface of thigh small, rounded, subimbricate; scales on ventral surface of thigh large, rounded, flat, smooth; femoral pores 9/11; preanal pores absent; scales on anterior surface of crus polygonal, smooth, imbricate, decreasing in size distally; scales on anterodorsal surface of crus polygonal, subimbricate, some scales with a slight keel; scales on ventral surface of crus large, polygonal, smooth, flat, imbricate. Scales on dorsal surface of pes polygonal, smooth, subimbricate; scales on palmar surface of pes small, rounded, subimbricate, domelike; toe length formula IV&gt; III&gt; V&gt; II&gt; I; scales on dorsal surface of digits single, quadrangular, smooth, of varying sizes, overhanging supradigital lamellae 3 on I, 5 on II, 8/9 on III, 10 on IV, 8 on V; subdigital lamellae single distally, double proximally, 5/6 on I, 10/11 on II, 15/16 on III, 18/20 on IV, 14 on V; limbs overlapping when adpressed against the body.</paragraph>
<caption id="2B86666655003107FF35EDC3CDC702D1" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208571/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" targetBox="[226,1360,193,1690]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55003107FF35EDC3CDC702D1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1713,1766]" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55003107FF35EDC3CD7002F0" bold="true" box="[151,304,1713,1736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 4.—</emphasis>
Relief map of Colombia with type locality of
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D55003107FCBFEDC0C84402F0" box="[797,1028,1713,1735]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55003107FCBFEDC0C84402F0" box="[797,1028,1713,1735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
indicated by a red square. (Base map courtesy of mapsof.net)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55003104FF65EC60CD1104C0" blockId="5.[151,1436,1810,2015]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55003107FF65EC60CE49031C" bold="true" box="[199,521,1810,1835]" pageId="5" pageNumber="49">Coloration in preservative.</emphasis>
Dorsal surface of head dark brown. Lateral surface of head like dorsal surface, a distinct cream stripe initiates on the ventralmost portion of the first supralabial scale and continues through all supralabials onto body, after the first supralabial the stripe bends dorsally to the tops of supralabials 3 and 4, covering approximately half of the final subocular, then the stripe bends ventrally through the middle of the final supraocular in a straight line to the bottom of the auricular opening, onto the body; a second, fainter cream stripe originates at loreal and continues posteriorly through superciliaries, dorsalmost postocular, and supratemporals, continuing onto body. Ventral surface of head yellowish cream with small brown stippling on the chin shields and lateralmost pregulars. Gular region like head but posteriormost gular scales with denser brown stippling per scale, forming clumps.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55033104FF65EA76CF660620" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Dorsal surface of body same color as head, keels tipped in light cream; the faint dorsolateral cream stripes continue longitudinally onto tail, the narrowest distance between the stripes is six dorsal scales wide near the forelimb insertions, the widest distance between the stripes is seven scales wide, approximately two-thirds of SVL. Lateral surface of body same coloration as dorsum, lateral stripe from head continues over the forelimb insertion, briefly stopping at the hindlimb insertion and continuing at the same height posterior to the hindlimb insertion onto the tail, the stripe becomes less distinct after the forelimb insertion. Ventral surface of body slightly paler brown than the dorsal and lateral surfaces, with cream coloring on the posteriormost surface of each scale, medialmost ventrals are slightly paler in color than more lateral scales.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55033104FF65E956C8BE06FB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Dorsal surface of forelimbs with mottling the same brown color of the dorsal body, ground color orangish cream, cream large irregular blotches; dorsal surfaces of manus yellowish cream with small brown stippling; ventral surfaces of forelimbs cream with dense brown mottling on lateral surfaces of antebrachial and diffuse brown mottling on manus. Dorsal surfaces of hindlimbs orangish cream with diffuse brown mottling; dorsal surfaces of pes similar but with less mottling; ventral surfaces hindlimbs similar to that of forelimbs.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55033104FF65E9A5CD1907F0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Dorsal tail coloration made of three distinct stripes, dorsolateral stripes orangish-cream, much more distinct and wider than on body, dorsolateral stripes begin to converge and dark brown coloration fades to stippling, which disappears altogether at approximately one-third of the tail length, rendering the entire dorsal surface of the tail orangish-cream. Lateral surfaces of tail defined by three stripes, the top and bottom stripes dark brown and the middle stripe yellowish-cream; at approximately one-third of the tail length the bottom stripe disappears. Ventral surface of tail yellowish cream. All surfaces of the regenerated portion of the tail a slightly darker brownish-cream.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55033104FF65E8A1C81D01D3" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55033104FF65E8A1CDDB07DB" bold="true" box="[199,411,979,1004]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
Dorsally a bronzy tan with sooty highlights on head, becoming paler on body at middorsal region; an intense creamy white stripe begins on eyelid and passes posteriorly to approximately midbody where it fades to nearly the ground color, this stripe is bordered dorsally by a narrow black stripe which begins just distal to eye and becomes faded and broken at midbody, the white stripe is bordered ventrally by a wide, shiny black stripe which begins at snout and extends posteriorly, passing just above extremities and narrowing at tail but continuing to tail tip, this wide stripe is, in turn, bordered ventrally by another intense pearly white stripe which begins just distal to rostral and passes through upper labials, just superior to insertion of forelimb, and gradually fading until its termination at insertion of hindlimb. This is bordered ventrally by another black stripe which begins at the first infralabial and passes squarely through the rictus, extending posteriorly through the forelimb and fading at the insertion of the hindlimb. Ventrally a greenish pearly white beneath the head and neck, black edging on the infralabials; ventral ground color gradually changes to a soft peach orange beneath the abdomen and it intensifies to a pinkish orange on hindlimbs, vent, and tail. Forelimb dark with pale spot on upper arm, elbow, and wrist; soft orange ventrally. Hindlimb brindled orange. Tail intense pinkish orange with black lateral stripe and another poorly defined broken black stripe from just distal to hindlimb, fading at mid-tail; a faint black dorsal line is evident in the sacral region. Iris deep brown, pupil ringed in gold. Tongue pink with dark gray forks.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55033104FF65EE9DCD840243" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55033104FF65EE9DCD0E023F" bold="true" box="[199,334,1519,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Hemipenis.</emphasis>
The organ was almost completely everted during preservation. It is broad and weakly symmetrically bilobed. The sulcus spermaticus runs a medial course until it bifurcates and runs onto the apical surfaces of the lobes. The organ has 14 oblique plicae (flounces), 12 of which occur on the lobes. The plicae bear comblike rows of spicules.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55033104FF65ED0DCDDC03EB" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55033104FF65ED0DCD7B02AF" bold="true" box="[199,315,1663,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50">Variation.</emphasis>
All
<typeStatus id="A042884C55033104FED3EDF2CD9C02AF" box="[369,476,1664,1688]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are juveniles SVL
<quantity id="B8019B0B55033104FD17ED0DCF3702A0" box="[693,887,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3095" metricValueMax="2.3649999999999998" metricValueMin="2.254" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="23.095" valueMax="23.65" valueMin="22.54">22.54–23.65 mm</quantity>
; complete original tails of juveniles
<quantity id="B8019B0B55033104FAB2ED0DCC86028B" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8689999999999998" metricValueMax="4.15" metricValueMin="3.588" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="38.69" valueMax="41.5" valueMin="35.88">35.88–41.50 mm</quantity>
. The
<typeStatus id="A042884C55033104FEA4EDD7CD31028A" box="[262,369,1701,1725]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are very similar to the
<typeStatus id="A042884C55033104FD22EDD6CEA2028B" box="[640,738,1700,1724]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
with the following minor exceptions. In some specimens the frontal only makes contact with the first supraocular (versus the first two supraoculars in the
<typeStatus id="A042884C55033104FB6FEDB5C97402E8" box="[1229,1332,1735,1759]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
); in such cases the frontoparietal makes contact with all three supraoculars; in one specimen the frontal is irregularly octagonal. In UTA R-60252 the frenocular does not make contact with the first superciliary. In UTA R-60251 on the right side the loreal is much larger, making contact with the supralabial and preocular, separating the frenocular from the nasal and first superciliary; there are five superciliaries on the right side. The left side of this specimen resembles the
<typeStatus id="A042884C55033104FE99EC0ECDDD03A3" box="[315,413,1916,1940]" pageId="6" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except the loreal makes contact with the preocular. In UTA R-60250 there is one pair of genials in contact with the first three infralabials. In UTA R-60250 and UTA R-60251 the posterior cloacal plate is made up of four scales.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2B86666655023105FF35ED82C8500312" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208572/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" targetBox="[226,1360,193,1755]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55023105FF35ED82C8500312" blockId="7.[151,1437,1776,1829]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC55023105FF35ED82CD540331" bold="true" box="[151,276,1776,1799]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
—(A) Vereda de Portachuelo, Meta, Colombia, the type locality; (B) view across the gorge taken from the type locality itself, where the vegetation borders the clearing. Epiphytic growth can be seen.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE55023105FF65EC20C97303EE" blockId="7.[151,1436,1874,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51">
Meristic variation in the
<typeStatus id="A042884C55023105FE42EC21CE0C035C" box="[480,588,1875,1899]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
includes: gular scale rows 5–7; transverse dorsal rows 28–31; longitudinal dorsal rows at 5th ventral row 8–11, at 10th ventral row 11–14, at 15th ventral row 10–14; lateral scale row 4–7 scales wide; transverse ventral rows 16–20; supradigital lamellae on Finger
<date id="0B47102E55023105FC14ECECC8580382" box="[950,1048,1949,1973]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" value="2011-04-09">IV 9–11</date>
; subdigital lamellae on Finger
<date id="0B47102E55023105FADCECECCCA003EE" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" value="1914-04-17">IV 14–17</date>
; femoral pores 8–12; supradigital lamellae on Toe
<date id="0B47102E55023105FCBBECB0CFC603EE" box="[793,902,1985,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" value="2010-04-12">IV 10–12</date>
; subdigital lamellae on Toe
<date id="0B47102E55023105FB63ECB0C97303EE" box="[1217,1331,1985,2009]" pageId="7" pageNumber="51" value="1918-04-22">IV 18–22.</date>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE550D310AFF65EBE5CF5905B0" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">
Coloration in the juveniles in preservative is quite similar to the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFBA2EBE5C8260498" box="[1024,1126,151,175]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Overall they have paler pigmentation. The dorsal surface is orangish-brown instead of dark brown. The lateralmost stripe is much wider and covers almost the entire surface of all supraoculars, the stripe is thickest beneath the eye; the second stripe is more distinct than in the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFE09EA76CE50052B" box="[427,528,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, especially posterior to the eye. Ventral surface of the head is like that of
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFA98EA76C9DC052B" box="[1338,1436,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but with no stippling; stippling is present in the gular region in some specimens and on the ventral body in all specimens, but not as dense as in the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFD94EA3ECEDC0553" box="[566,668,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. The dorsal body stripes are much more distinct throughout length of body and tail; there are four to six scales between stripes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE550D310AFF65EAE6CDBC06B3" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">
There is color information for two of the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFD34EAE7CF41059A" box="[662,769,405,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
in life (UTA R-60248 and 60250). In general the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFA93EAE7C9DC059A" box="[1329,1436,405,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
are more brightly colored than the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFD8AEAC5CECE05F8" box="[552,654,439,463]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. However, in UTA R-60250 the dorsal ground color is dark gray on head and back, with black on sides. In both
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFD26EAAFCEAF05C2" box="[644,751,477,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
the dorsolateral stripe is pale yellow, becoming more orange distally. The lateral stripe is pale yellow. In UTA R-60248 the stripes are bordered in black and ventral and limb surfaces are similar to the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFE60E956CE67060B" box="[450,551,548,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. In UTA R- 60250 the tongue is dark gray with white tips whereas in UTA R- 60248 the tongue is pink with yellow tips and a blue patch at the union of the two forks. In UTA R-60248 the umbilical scar is plainly visible.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37E36565550D310AFF65E9FDCE5303EB" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE550D310AFF65E9FDC8820003" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFF65E9FDCE10069F" bold="true" box="[199,592,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFDFAE9E2CF15069F" box="[600,853,656,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Cercosaura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hypnoides">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFDFAE9E2CF15069F" box="[600,853,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Cercosaura hypnoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFBCEE9E2C8DC069F" box="[1132,1180,656,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality on the Vereda Portachuelo (
<figureCitation id="E7C22A6B550D310AFE89E9C6CD2F06FB" box="[299,367,692,716]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1776,1799]" captionTargetBox="[226,1360,193,1755]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. — (A) Vereda de Portachuelo, Meta, Colombia, the type locality; (B) view across the gorge taken from the type locality itself, where the vegetation borders the clearing. Epiphytic growth can be seen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/208572/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Vereda Portachuelo is a ridge of the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes Mountains at
<quantity id="B8019B0B550D310AFABCE9C6CCED06D8" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.68" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.56" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1680.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="1560.0">1560–1800 m</quantity>
elevation, at Kms 13–15 along the road between Guayabetal and Manzanares, Municipality of Acacías, Department of Meta,
<collectingCountry id="07EE767E550D310AFE25E98ECDB90723" box="[391,505,764,788]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFDA8E98FCE020722" box="[522,578,765,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
locality is
<quantity id="B8019B0B550D310AFD1EE98ECF540723" box="[700,788,764,788]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="1640.0">1640 m</quantity>
. The habitat is premontane pluvial forest (
<bibRefCitation id="1B684B1F550D310AFB52E98EC9D00723" author="Espinal" box="[1264,1424,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Espinal T., S. (1977) Zonas de Vida o Formaciones Vegetales de Colombia: Memoria Explicativa Sobre el Mapa Ecologico. Instituto Geografico &quot; Augustin Codazzi &quot;, Bogota, 238 pp." type="book" year="1977">Espinal, 1977</bibRefCitation>
), receiving over
<quantity id="B8019B0B550D310AFEE0E86DCDEF0700" box="[322,431,799,823]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4000.0">4000 mm</quantity>
annual rainfall. The annual temperature range of the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFBB6E852C804070F" box="[1044,1092,800,824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality is 18–24 ˚C. There is steep, rugged terrain with numerous rocky streams, and relatively tall undisturbed forest that has an abundance of mosses, lichens, aroids, orchids, bromeliads, and vines, creating dense vegetation. Plant associations include trees and shrubs of the genera
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFE7AE8FFCE620793" box="[472,546,909,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hypericaceae" genus="Vismia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFE7AE8FFCE620793" box="[472,546,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Vismia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lanzo, carate),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFD53E8FECF000793" box="[753,832,908,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Albizia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFD53E8FECF000793" box="[753,832,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Albizia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(pisquín),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFC69E8FFC8720793" box="[971,1074,909,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFC69E8FFC8720793" box="[971,1074,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Cecropia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(yarumo),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFB62E8FFC9470793" box="[1216,1287,909,932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cannabaceae" genus="Trema" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFB62E8FFC9470793" box="[1216,1287,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Trema</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(zurrumbo),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFF35E8C2CD6207FF" box="[151,290,944,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Heliocarpus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFF35E8C2CD6207FF" box="[151,290,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Heliocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(balso blanco),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFE4DE8C2CE1107FF" box="[495,593,944,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFE4DE8C2CE1107FF" box="[495,593,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Solanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(lulo),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFD14E8C2CF5707FF" box="[694,791,944,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Cedrella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFD14E8C2CF5707FF" box="[694,791,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Cedrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cedro),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFC2CE8C2CFB707FF" box="[910,1015,944,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ochroma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFC2CE8C2CFB707FF" box="[910,1015,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Ochroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(balso),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFBC9E8C3C88807FF" box="[1131,1224,945,968]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFBC9E8C3C88807FF" box="[1131,1224,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Miconia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(tunos),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFA97E8C2C9DC07F0" box="[1333,1436,944,967]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Actinidiaceae" genus="Saurauia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFA97E8C2C9DC07F0" box="[1333,1436,944,967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Saurauia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(dulumoco),
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFE8CE8A7CDC507DB" box="[302,389,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Insertia</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFE3BE8A7CD8C07DB" box="[409,460,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Inga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFE3BE8A7CD8C07DB" box="[409,460,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Inga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(guano), and
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFDD9E8A6CEAD07DB" box="[635,749,980,1004]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Pollalesta" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFDD9E8A6CEAD07DB" box="[635,749,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Pollalesta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The area contains many man-made clearings and small pastures. Owing to the high precipitation, runoff is fairly constant and soils are washed regularly. Nighttime temperatures drop rather sharply, causing fog; high humidity produces a significant chill factor.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE550D310AFF65EF4DCD950140" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">
Syntopic amphibians included
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFD95EF32CEE1006F" box="[567,673,1088,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFD95EF32CEE1006F" box="[567,673,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Allobates</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFD47EF32CD7F004B" authority="Ruiz-Carranza, Hernandez-Camacho &amp; Ardila-Robayo" authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza, Hernandez-Camacho &amp; Ardila-Robayo" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutulus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFD47EF32CF85006F" box="[741,965,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Atelopus minutulus</emphasis>
Ruiz-Carranza, Hernández-Camacho &amp; Ardila-Robayo
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFEFAEF16CD93004B" box="[344,467,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Centrolene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFEFAEF16CD93004B" box="[344,467,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Centrolene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(undescribed),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFD3AEF16C81B004B" authority="Rivero" authorityName="Rivero" box="[664,1115,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Centrolenidae" genus="Hyalinobatrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientale">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFD3AEF16CFAA004B" box="[664,1002,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Hyalinobatrachium orientale</emphasis>
(Rivero)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFBD6EF16CD5800A8" authority="Duellman" authorityName="Duellman" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyloscirtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="denticulentus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFBD6EF16C9DC004B" box="[1140,1436,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Hyloscirtus denticulentus</emphasis>
(Duellman)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFE8AEFFACE1C00A8" authority="Gaige" authorityName="Gaige" box="[296,604,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicefori">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFE8AEFFACE520097" box="[296,530,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Gastrotheca nicefori</emphasis>
Gaige
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFDCEEFFACF8B00A8" authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[620,971,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glaberrimus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFDCEEFFACF130097" box="[620,851,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Rhaebo glaberrimus</emphasis>
(Günther)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFC79EFFAC96C00A8" authority="Werner" authorityName="Werner" box="[987,1324,1159,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Rheobates" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palmatus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFC79EFFAC8FF0097" box="[987,1215,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Rheobates palmatus</emphasis>
(Werner)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFA9FEFFAC9DC0097" box="[1341,1436,1160,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFA9FEFFAC9DC0097" box="[1341,1436,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Rhinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., and various
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFEFFEFDFCDA600F3" box="[349,486,1197,1220]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFEFFEFDFCDA600F3" box="[349,486,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Pristimantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Reptiles included
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFC89EFDEC87A00F3" authority="Williams" authorityName="Williams" box="[811,1082,1196,1220]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamari">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFC89EFDECF8900F3" box="[811,969,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Anolis lamari</emphasis>
Williams
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFBECEFDECD0400D0" authority="Huey &amp; Dixon" authorityName="Huey &amp; Dixon" class="Reptilia" family="Sphaerodactylidae" genus="Pseudogonatodes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="peruvianus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFBECEFDEC9DC00F3" box="[1102,1436,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Pseudogonatodes peruvianus</emphasis>
Huey &amp; Dixon
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFEF7EFA2CEFF00D0" authority="Werner" authorityName="Werner" box="[341,703,1231,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Gymnophthalmidae" genus="Ptychoglossus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFEF7EFA2CE1100DF" box="[341,593,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Ptychoglossus bicolor</emphasis>
(Werner)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFD73EFA2CFBE00D0" authority="Linneaus" authorityName="Linneaus" box="[721,1022,1231,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Viperidae" genus="Bothrops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atrox">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFD73EFA2CF3B00DF" box="[721,891,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Bothrops atrox</emphasis>
(Linneaus)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFBADEFA2C97D00D0" authority="Roze" authorityName="Roze" box="[1039,1341,1232,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Chironius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monticola">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFBADEFA2C8B900DF" box="[1039,1273,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Chironius monticola</emphasis>
Roze
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFAECEFA3C9DC00DF" box="[1358,1436,1233,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFAECEFA3C9DC00DF" box="[1358,1436,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Dipsas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(undescribed),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFEE6EF86CEC4013B" authority="Tschudi" authorityName="Tschudi" box="[324,644,1268,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Liophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniurus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFEE6EF86CE4D013B" box="[324,525,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Liophis taeniurus</emphasis>
(Tschudi)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFD35EF86C86A013B" authority="Sentzen" authorityName="Sentzen" box="[663,1066,1268,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Mastigodryas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boddaertii">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFD35EF86CFF2013B" box="[663,946,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Mastigodryas boddaertii</emphasis>
(Sentzen)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFB9EEF87C8E4013B" box="[1084,1188,1269,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Micrurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFB9EEF87C8E4013B" box="[1084,1188,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Micrurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(undescribed),
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFAFFEF87CD240118" authority="Hallowell" authorityName="Hallowell" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Ninia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atrata">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFAFFEF87CC9C0107" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Ninia atrata</emphasis>
(Hallowell)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFED0EE6ACE9C0118" authority="Werner" authorityName="Werner" box="[370,732,1303,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Oxyrhopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFED0EE6ACE310107" box="[370,625,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Oxyrhopus leucomelas</emphasis>
(Werner)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFCB9EE6AC87A0118" authority="Maria" authorityName="Maria" box="[795,1082,1303,1328]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Synophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lasallei">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFCB9EE6ACF9A0107" box="[795,986,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Synophis lasallei</emphasis>
(Maria)
</taxonomicName>
. The
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFBDAEE6AC8E80107" box="[1144,1192,1304,1328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality, Portachuelo, is the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFF7DEE4FCD4F0162" box="[223,271,1341,1365]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFE35EE4ECE320163" box="[407,626,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minutulus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFE35EE4ECE320163" box="[407,626,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Atelopus minutulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFD0FEE4ECF090163" box="[685,841,1340,1364]" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamari">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFD0FEE4ECF090163" box="[685,841,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Anolis lamari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which demonstrates the importance of this site for novel herpetofaunal species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE550D310AFF65EEF6CE2B0188" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">
The
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFF5BEEF6CD1B01AB" box="[249,347,1412,1436]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
was collected by day beneath a rotting log on a steep treeless slope with a southeastern exposure. There was heavy moss growth all around.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F4636EE550D310AFF65EEBECE5303EB" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2012]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">
All the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFEBEEEBFCDC701D2" box="[284,391,1485,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
were collected as eggs. A total of
<specimenCount id="69FFFD67550D310AFCB2EEBECF2701D2" box="[784,871,1484,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="egg">30 eggs</specimenCount>
were found during a two day period (
<date id="0B47102E550D310AFAB7EEBEC9D401D3" box="[1301,1428,1484,1508]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" value="2008-07-09">08–09 July</date>
) along an open slope with western exposure at Vereda de Portachuelo. On 0
<date id="0B47102E550D310AFC7CEE9DC8610230" box="[990,1057,1519,1543]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">8 July</date>
a total of
<specimenCount id="69FFFD67550D310AFB31EE9DC8AA023F" box="[1171,1258,1519,1544]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="egg">14 eggs</specimenCount>
(3 empty) were located in heavy moss usually at the edge of rotted logs and frequently in nests of stinging ants (genus
<taxonomicName id="B8F94D6D550D310AFF35ED4ACD010267" box="[151,321,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Odontomachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550D310AFF35ED4ACD010267" box="[151,321,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">Odontomachus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). On two occasions the eggs were plainly visible on logs or exposed moss. All were in distinct stages of development, some recently deposited and others ready to hatch. On 0
<date id="0B47102E550D310AFBE7ED2EC8CC0243" box="[1093,1164,1628,1652]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52">9 July</date>
in 5 sites on the same western exposed slope a total of
<specimenCount id="69FFFD67550D310AFDA6ED0DCE1A02AE" box="[516,602,1663,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="egg">16 eggs</specimenCount>
were found. These were either single, double (in one case two freshly laid small eggs), or in one case a total of
<specimenCount id="69FFFD67550D310AFD8FEDD6CEC2028A" box="[557,642,1700,1725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="egg">11 eggs</specimenCount>
were found in a communal nest in a pocket of earth beneath a log. Two of the latter had hatched and the remaining nine were of various sizes. All unhatched eggs were maintained in a plastic bag filled with moss from the collection site. Two of the
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFCC2ED9FCF8B0332" box="[864,971,1773,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
emerged the same day that the eggs were collected. The other four
<typeStatus id="A042884C550D310AFE17EC63CE60031E" box="[437,544,1809,1833]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
(UTA R-60251–60254) hatched 10–18 days after collection. Dates of hatching ranged from
<date id="0B47102E550D310AFE85EC46CDD6037B" box="[295,406,1844,1868]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" value="1927-07-08">8–27 July</date>
. The egg sizes that hatched measured from 13.0 x 8.0 mm to 15.0 x 10.0 mm and were dirty tan in color. Dimensions of the others that had not hatched (taken
<date id="0B47102E550D310AFCDDEC2AC8510347" box="[895,1041,1880,1904]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" value="1980-07-27">27 July 1980</date>
) as follows: 11.0 x 14.0 mm; 9.5 x 14.0 mm; 11.0 x 9.0 mm; 12.0 x 9.0 mm; 11.0 x
<quantity id="B8019B0B550D310AFD15EC0ECF4F03A3" box="[695,783,1916,1940]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
; 11.0 x 8.0 mm; 11.0 x 8.0 mm; 9.0 x 12.0 mm; 9.0 x
<quantity id="B8019B0B550D310AFACEEC0ECC86038F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
. In addition, one egg, which measured 11.0 x 15.0 mm, was opened on
<date id="0B47102E550D310AFC48ECD2C83B038F" box="[1002,1147,1952,1976]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" value="1980-07-27">27 July 1980</date>
and was found to contain a fully developed, motile embryo.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="37E36565550C310BFF65EBEACEC004C0" pageId="9" pageNumber="53" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F4636EE550C310BFF65EBEACEC004C0" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550C310BFF65EBEACD0E0487" bold="true" box="[199,334,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53">Etymology.</emphasis>
The specific epithet is taken from the New Latin adjective
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550C310BFC5FEBEAC8160487" box="[1021,1110,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="53">hypnum</emphasis>
, in turn derived from Greek
<emphasis id="4D8DEAFC550C310BFF35EBCECCAB04E3" box="[151,235,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="53">hupnon</emphasis>
(a
<typeStatus id="A042884C550C310BFEACEBCFCD7E04E2" box="[270,318,189,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="53">type</typeStatus>
of lichen, + -oid) meaning “of the moss in reference to the luxuriant moss growth that characterized the lizard’s habitat and egg deposition sites.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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