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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="20216" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.193.72270" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5bbfc64b-e551-4d6e-8894-ad8cad0a8948" ID-PMC="PMC8940830" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-193-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BA616DD0C07553299636F7488EA09C8B" ID-PubMed="35586124" ModsDocID="1314-2003-193-9" checkinTime="1647395847320" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Madika, Lydia K. &amp; Moteetee, Annah Ntsamaeeng" docDate="2022" docId="D0B4ACBEFD3AE850A90B550DDFE776C4" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 193: 9-42" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 193" docPubDate="2022-03-15" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.193.72270" docTitle="Cynoglossum amabile Stapf &amp; J. R. Drumm. in Bull. Misc. Inform., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew 6: 202 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="BA616DD0C07553299636F7488EA09C8B" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="BA616DD0C07553299636F7488EA09C8B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the southern African species of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1732750122168" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="F180596BF3E8E7A61A056CAE6F87716B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8FFEA9AE2B1D8B58A3A44601942E210C">
<mods:title id="7F860051371F42392C40ACD0D56F6B91">Taxonomic revision of the southern African species of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="06A34AC80BD7B4C516C5704389F0A462" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7BC62866703DA4858D57D2520EDA2885">
<mods:roleTerm id="65AE089CEBE7DCCEBC7F37CAC80864B3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9A90DC42C6D676FABD34A8801366AEE7">Madika, Lydia K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="0E2F4B1D53F34D696F0A9BBA2E2BEA61">Department of Botany &amp; Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524 Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:role id="31A957365D697590A03D67F0207754B6">
<mods:roleTerm id="53D45A56D5DCD0787680EC5448A45C18">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="00DFABB6EC7102D87DA898053653C41A">Moteetee, Annah Ntsamaeeng</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="84843B1C56DBE7F17FDD6E317CF07A2F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2669-2506</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6925A4658602CE5C8767AFB8A3B4F8D4">Department of Botany &amp; Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524 Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="690E5839C6E0098CD3D24B46EE5CE11A" type="email">amoteetee@uj.ac.za</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="09375856131719FBD2CA4DD5BDC5736E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4693E866220BDAEA71B07E883BF6A39F">
<mods:title id="A7DA2FF5BCFF10551871D7A5CB465570">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="AC52B2F7771E0E9DB7B2922D166EF2D0">
<mods:date id="DE0716FB6E7ABD85F262D2A1A4BFAD41">2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FC9021D5FD14570156097D8E22DBB737" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="CCE6AC3C1B471C90AF8D91FAA93B5C20">2022-03-15</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="9D4E075766FE5B0987430892D0B15C7D" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C5CF19BEFA8D3D6BE1CEFACD69B93E41">193</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="E421E9B2ED3DFAF61D94D4F383DC8AB2">9</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="664FAD72A1197D3E6A61BFAB790046E0">
<mods:url id="EE41D8770111D6DB744AF2DEC3384E72">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.193.72270</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="A9F4A538B8570D910281FE4FB030D524">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F7346D5711CCDD7814AA79FBC220E500" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.193.72270</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="93EBFD8366EF5966BB0C01E823FE8B68" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-193-9</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="D0B4ACBEFD3AE850A90B550DDFE776C4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194043442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0B4ACBEFD3AE850A90B550DDFE776C4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D0B4ACBEFD3AE850A90B550DDFE776C4" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" scope_family="Boraginaceae">
<subSubSection id="B73E3FD5419B8685C3612F2BF6D0F729" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7F604289928B395E2D4F6522B753BF2B" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
2.
<taxonomicName id="AAAFD68CA8EB8821A80BFE79742DE7B2" ID-CoL="339T5" authority="Stapf &amp; J. R. Drumm. in Bull. Misc. Inform., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew 6: 202 (1906)." authorityName="Stapf &amp; J. R. Drumm. in Bull. Misc. Inform., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew 6: 202" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Cynoglossum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynoglossum amabile" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">Cynoglossum amabile Stapf &amp; J.R.Drumm. in Bull. Misc. Inform., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew 6:202 (1906).</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="50F545EF21E162383DDA325FE94D2DFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="FFF5881A36D5B4CFD482AD38BEECBBCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="890C3F74DF5A77100272B0E3360E2BC6">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A1459111FD67E83F36AF47248A480F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="0E058D4AF3A0AF931953FCDB35B16C8E" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="Mengtsze, W. Hancock" country="China" location="Yunnan" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="Yunnan" typeStatus="lectotype">
<collectingCountry id="77ADF7ED86BD0813CD48AE9F83F9A5D4" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="03A559E229DAEA98A14B320EB0CB9785">♀</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="741D74953F153829CA9D395702F19A64">♂</specimenCount>
<collectingRegion id="DA09846BB8ABE9C5C817EB6FF646172E" country="China" name="Yunnan">Yunnan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectorName id="7233361D2075C8D97B47BFB8A372D138">Mengtsze</collectorName>
, 1894,
<emphasis id="0D60CF2C74F8FDC0DE37505A132BB582" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<collectorName id="7F6C315CCE5967A5219616EB5FA7E288">W. Hancock</collectorName>
133
</emphasis>
(K-image! [3 sheets],
<typeStatus id="FE06567777302E2C3C6373596A83C0EB">lectotype</typeStatus>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="9010EBE018BD8426CF2C3EE94FBC1E91" author="Verdcourt, B" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" refId="B33" refString="Verdcourt, B, 1991. Boraginaceae. In: Polhill RM (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" title="Boraginaceae. In: Polhill RM (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1991">Verdcourt 1991</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4989ADEBE475DA9179B95C2870965759" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Perennial herb,
<quantity id="ED00519C8F5C1D2B49A63A6ED009B889" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="m" value="0.6">0.6 m</quantity>
in height. Basal leaves 50-100
<normalizedToken id="D4C6E44E4ED7CEC47ABCB553950F9967" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="365CBB3625A192F39EA46B77F1162051" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="27.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="20.0">20-35 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate-elliptic shaped, softly hairy, deciduous, margins entire. Stem leaves 40-100
<normalizedToken id="7F08B62699783E9E18579B316225B329" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="DD1C0B3F432EF399C74D80B55DDF9C1A" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.9" unit="mm" value="14.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="9.0">9-20 mm</quantity>
, lanceolate shaped, apex acute, base cuneate, entire margins, densely covered with white brittle hairs. Trichomes soft, upright, bulbous based. Inflorescence clustered at the apex, pedicels
<quantity id="30F21A30CB77D14F6EF8E7FB4E7B9E8E" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="5.0">5-8 mm</quantity>
long, lengthens considerably in fruit. Calyx ca.
<quantity id="D1177019E54BE4EEDD89358217E0FBFB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
long, lobes ovate, grey pubescent, apex subacute. Corolla bluish purple; lobe 7
<normalizedToken id="D2F0F91150950A1694607DA6923D448B" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="C24F611CF3EF61B3DF0C262E8E11787A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
diameter, segments round. Nutlets ovoid, 2-4
<normalizedToken id="8872AE5D2C2C951B19ADE717AF25A5A2" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
<quantity id="B243AA8F7AAB61DC4212C96A2E76DBE0" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3-4 mm</quantity>
, convex shaped; glochidia short, thick, marginal glochidia are more distinct than the central glochidia (Figure
<figureCitation id="A6646E10552E50F182B9887AF2AC390D" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Cynoglossum amabile. SEM micrograph of the adaxial surface of A fruit nutlets B Glochidia. Voucher specimen: J. Stewart 2021 (NU). SEM images scale bar: 2 mm (A); 100 µm (B)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.193.72270.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/658889" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B418E716627B480D6962C8EF3357E122" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.193.72270.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/658889" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="A6FA25D222F74D7863111AEAD85A94F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="89DB1A950F32200C97F3F052FE2B4D6D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B2341DFBABD8F22034EEE88FE6D57CCB" authorityName="Stapf &amp; J. R. Drumm. in Bull. Misc. Inform., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew 6: 202" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Cynoglossum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynoglossum amabile" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">
<emphasis id="74DF1288A2B2A3C2EC231B156FE3F3E9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Cynoglossum amabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. SEM micrograph of the adaxial surface of
<emphasis id="5562A046DC06C7006C2D17A78D262E81" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
fruit nutlets
<emphasis id="0CAB29279A8DD01A38B04DA22FD10F9B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
Glochidia. Voucher specimen:
<emphasis id="03781684753BB7B2F3DF26B1A5397DD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">J. Stewart 2021</emphasis>
(NU). SEM images scale bar:
<quantity id="E559DF5F632AA002AA9D0516F0F9A24A" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
(
<emphasis id="0B06414ACBC5EC08894B660BA487F78F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
); 100
<normalizedToken id="93EAC41A37C9EDE2770939348110E211" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis id="44428A3D7999613B62B6F9BAA097D9DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="33FC6C668D2EA0FE2DE2B532592F8F29" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="phenology">
<paragraph id="C51AE747F14EF2352ECA5FC9C4815F9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4BC33DE8418D45AA2E721AD09C560800" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">October to November.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="48C1DF12296C5E1E468A2E2324855947" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="conservation status">
<paragraph id="A0744A255BFC5B6BC2897D6B1297A7D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="351EEB7467EB696E0F034369D8B9BF06" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Not evaluated (
<bibRefCitation id="586FBA1C6A58D4FA3854340FF86162B0" author="Raimondo, D" journalOrPublisher="South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria," pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="23 - 35" refId="B24" refString="Raimondo, D, von Staden, L, Foden, W, Victor, JE, Helme, NA, Turner, RC, Kamundi, DA, Manyama, PA, 2009. Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, 86: 23 - 35" title="Red List of South African Plants. Strelitzia 25." volume="86" year="2009">Raimondo et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5482D8A4E8D3320AC9F2D12D6B4A2598" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="60C498F4E9628FE4F7F29101A3A1811A" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Diagnostic characters.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B3710B6DB586F103DC9870F81E85A76F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Amongst the southern African species,
<taxonomicName id="C3F4F8972732F2AFB04AC9C4EC2F9560" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. amabile" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">
<emphasis id="049DB02493785DD33C04B25906527F65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C. amabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be confused with
<taxonomicName id="FFCB31DE71C7C4AAD48FC19CA94A4A27" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. lanceolatum" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
<emphasis id="D5AF5CF6814B8C97A8FBEB4723D18315" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C. lanceolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
due to their small-sized nutlets (between 2-4
<normalizedToken id="FEB7AFC22549FCA6AA2C28477C78032C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5-4) and flowers. However, the two species are easily distinguished by their flower colour (
<taxonomicName id="BF6F9F4528661E18E0F37A5F2E68C2A5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. lanceolatum" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolatum">
<emphasis id="7106178495BE2790A8694B648B2AECE3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C. lanceolatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has white corolla with blue throat, whereas
<taxonomicName id="6C6D46FDBB3C5E38376FFFD6A8E691FF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. amabile" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">
<emphasis id="0B37950B5FD2F5480D8B551618EB4814" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C. amabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has bluish purple corolla). This species was also reported by
<bibRefCitation id="58391A56141AD7E1D6F65C898A88630F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4120226" author="Stapf, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora of China" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" refId="B30" refString="Stapf, O, Drummond, JR, 1906. Cynoglossum amabile, Stapf et Drummond. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1906: e202. https://doi.org/10.2307/4120226" title="Cynoglossum amabile, Stapf et Drummond. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1906: e 202." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4120226" year="1906">Stapf and Drummond (1906)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="26EB6B1FF19439FF8B5237109899BBFE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1" author="K ӧnig, J" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="B18" refString="Kӧnig, J, Siwakoti, M, Hilger, HH, Weigend, M, 2015. A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species. Phytotaxa 224 (1): 1 - 28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1" title="A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1" volume="224" year="2015">Kӧnig et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
to be like
<taxonomicName id="5E6D2B954EEACDD47EDBED9B6B813F94" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. furcatum" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="20A1BC91968C40F9740BEDC62642CD69" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wallich (from Nepal, China, Bhutan, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, and India), based on flower and fruit size. The difference can be observed in the inflorescences, whereby
<taxonomicName id="7006C029C49A16A07976A1397CEFA211" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. furcatum" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="furcatum">
<emphasis id="8FA6F7542493B5EF1D3F5282F0E95D16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C. furcatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a much larger plant with inflorescences up to 1 m tall, and
<taxonomicName id="D1CBECF33C2DD6AD3A1A3411A8CC841B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. amabile" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">
<emphasis id="94881985A16BDF1A1379AD4B8B583A96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C. amabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is up to 0.6 m tall.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4E166747B91C02CB17E87805B1530F5A" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4D688ABA87F78863989D30C9CC6FFF37" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E14D0A899A44037F96DAC48D2B7D449D" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="D7C36F00A6E8D5E3876896D63ABB353A" authorityName="Stapf &amp; J. R. Drumm. in Bull. Misc. Inform., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew 6: 202" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Cynoglossum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynoglossum amabile" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">
<emphasis id="DEA215A417073EA28E4B74EE13B3F18C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Cynoglossum amabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed in southern China where it is usually grown for ornamental purposes and naturalised in many parts of the world (
<bibRefCitation id="2ADA24A7DC17FF5191FA3146BCDBEE15" author="Xu, Q-J" journalOrPublisher=", Limited, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" refId="B37" refString="Xu, Q-J, Zhang, D-Z, Dang, L-J, Li, K-P, 2009. Triterpene acids from Cynoglossum amabile. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 25(3): 404-406." title="Triterpene acids from Cynoglossum amabile. Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 25 (3): 404 - 406." year="2009">Xu et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF59821D1F50EAA96954539063B4F8E7" author="Germishuizen, G" journalOrPublisher="Strelitzia" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="133 - 136" refId="B10" refString="Germishuizen, G, Meyer, NL, 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. National Botanical Institute: Pretoria. Strelitzia 14: 133 - 136" title="Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. National Botanical Institute: Pretoria." volume="14" year="2003">Germishuizen and Meyer (2003)</bibRefCitation>
, this species is only found in KwaZulu-Natal Province (Figure
<figureCitation id="C9AF40906E3655FC6B90871EA5CA6628" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Recorded distribution of Cynoglossum amabile in southern Africa based on the specimens examined." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.193.72270.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/658890" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">6</figureCitation>
), where it grows in open, disturbed sites, on gravel slopes and sandy, dry riverbanks.
</paragraph>
<caption id="76E52B5DFE1D39302929E7DF9D57FC40" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.193.72270.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/658890" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="21CECF49A0947DCBCC9913640D2713C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="5BAA5AE1631694A84F58561BCDC3A16E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Recorded distribution of
<taxonomicName id="A5525243294FD2992A0550C7FCB82582" authorityName="Stapf &amp; J. R. Drumm. in Bull. Misc. Inform., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew 6: 202" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Cynoglossum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynoglossum amabile" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">
<emphasis id="0D59B379B7D2379662E043AD63C230A3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Cynoglossum amabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in southern Africa based on the specimens examined.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7BF44275F77B578FEF4045209C2AFF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="46D9D0BA607D532881D464C9B20111B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="47B996DE934D0E5F46C1B4F198EC1E8D" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="69EF605E74BBB058ADB743993CA71184" collectingDate="1977-11-23" collectorName="J. Stewart" country="South Africa" location="Byrne Village" municipality="Richmond District" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">
<collectingCountry id="DFECE8659D5B1F5BF7DE71100B3761E2" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="1A3569A325AE6BAAD767F5CBA8943483" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
: 2930 (Pietermaritzburg):
<collectingMunicipality id="B4EE67F23F8A97CFA2C6203B535B686E">Richmond District</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="EFD5BAF50673580FAA02FE3BFE5ADE55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D0B4ACBEFD3AE850A90B550DDFE776C4:EFD5BAF50673580FAA02FE3BFE5ADE55" country="South Africa" municipality="Richmond District" name="Byrne Village" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">Byrne Village</location>
(-CD),
<collectingDate id="D4A07100A96A9056847EA89D507183F4" value="1977-11-23">23 Nov 1977</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis id="2A1F703F9E0E46E817D86038FBF230C8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<collectorName id="FC55EF279DC4A05FFF7801A89E064203">J. Stewart</collectorName>
2021
</emphasis>
(NU)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B6E159EAC484788FEE421E546202C48F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="taxonomic notes">
<paragraph id="12A586A428B951D309435CAD5202E5C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51FE6F464648C28DBEE0589FFA0A9497" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="6F70457A96889E95176766B0206E5926" authorityName="Stapf &amp; J. R. Drumm. in Bull. Misc. Inform., Roy. Bot. Gard., Kew 6: 202" authorityYear="1906" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Cynoglossum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cynoglossum amabile" order="Boraginales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="amabile">
<emphasis id="71567798BD1825351DA31FC7263C92B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Cynoglossum amabile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been described as a widespread species which grows in disturbed habitat and can be grown as an ornamental (
<bibRefCitation id="EBD260A73C323F88E4C770F76F35419B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1" author="K ӧnig, J" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 28" refId="B18" refString="Kӧnig, J, Siwakoti, M, Hilger, HH, Weigend, M, 2015. A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species. Phytotaxa 224 (1): 1 - 28, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1" title="A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1" volume="224" year="2015">Kӧnig et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
). This species has only been collected once in South Africa by J. Stewart in 1977, since then there have been no later records or observations of this species in this region. Attempts to locate this species in the wild were futile. It is questionable whether this species occurs naturally in the southern African region since its single known locality is within a protected area in KwaZulu-Natal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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