270 lines
39 KiB
XML
270 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="83FDD6F3BC356CAF62AA075A53EB646D" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3947.2.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bf35358c-a673-4542-9dd0-1ea1e70b4fc9" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="232726" ID-ZooBank="36A90396-5654-45AD-90B0-4653BB98851B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461040562057" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Saito-Morooka, Fuki, Nguyen, Lien T. P. & Kojima, Jun-Ichi" docDate="2015" docId="C423CC1F6F78FFD425A2FB43FB85F85E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03947p235.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3947 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parapolybia indica" docType="key" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="232" masterDocId="381AB4676F69FFC52535FF87FE13FFB3" masterDocTitle="Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia" masterLastPageNumber="235" masterPageNumber="215" pageNumber="232" updateTime="1698575513389" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7B696B13316DC4169D241A7576F0D32B">Review of the paper wasps of the Parapolybia indica species-group (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Polistinae) in eastern parts of Asia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F74C7032731A76037321C881C98CD468">Saito-Morooka, Fuki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AF693F73E431B1478CA0CA83A0E70C2">Nguyen, Lien T. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B0953C2B049952B383A8A0C1E8FC82ED">Kojima, Jun-Ichi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="423659590263B0E9CB6651D5E5DF1DF4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="88955FE41DC013DA55237E6D3E34F5C0">
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<mods:date id="7341E773B074B2DB35C39518551D6612">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="2023D21199CB06C0A8A27A8E255A164C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="BD6F322EE333FD91BE14DF9C25A14D8F">3947</mods:number>
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<treatment id="C423CC1F6F78FFD425A2FB43FB85F85E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097432" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119609787" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097432" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C423CC1F6F78FFD425A2FB43FB85F85E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C423CC1F6F78FFD425A2FB43FB85F85E" lastPageNumber="232" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<subSubSection id="04902E826F78FFD425A2FB43FA68FA90" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2FB43FD16FB6D" blockId="17.[151,773,1220,1246]" box="[151,773,1220,1246]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<heading id="177DCA656F78FFD425A2FB43FD16FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,773,1220,1246]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD425A2FB43FD16FB6D" bold="true" box="[151,773,1220,1246]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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Key to species of
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD42458FB43FC41FB6D" ID-CoL="4D9FX" box="[365,594,1220,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD42458FB43FC41FB6D" bold="true" box="[365,594,1220,1246]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Parapolybia indica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species-group
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2FA8DFA68FA90" blockId="17.[151,1147,1290,1315]" box="[151,1147,1290,1315]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Unless the sexes are mentioned, the characters given in the following key are of females.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="04902E826F78FFD425A2FAD5FB85F85E" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" type="key">
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<keyStep id="F77E65AC6F78FFD425A2FAD5FB88FA0C" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2FAD5FB88FA37" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2FAD5FB88FA37" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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1. Body ground color brown to dark brown (
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42749FAD5FCD6FAD4" box="[636,709,1362,1383]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76" captionStartId="16.[151,263,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1327,194,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[259,1328,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76 – 81. ♀, dorsal view. 82 – 84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232734/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 79</figureCitation>
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); mesoscutum more than
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<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F78FFD426F5FAD5FDEBFAD4" box="[960,1016,1362,1383]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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wide; propodeum with strongly striate; T1 strongly swollen in posterior half (
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42719FAE8FC89FA37" box="[556,666,1391,1412]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 40" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31 – 32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33 – 35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T 1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36 – 40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T 1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232730/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Figs 39–40</figureCitation>
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).........................................
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD42193FAE8FB88FA37" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[1190,1435,1391,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Icaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tinctipennis">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD42193FAE8FB3DFA37" box="[1190,1326,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">P. tinctipennis</emphasis>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="349D3D996F78FFD4200FFAE8FB86FA37" box="[1338,1429,1391,1412]" name="Cameroon" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Cameron</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2FA0AFB88FA0C" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2FA0AFB88FA0C" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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- Body ground color, at least of head and mesosoma, much less dark, ivory white, yellow to light brown or orange. Mesoscutum less than
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<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F78FFD4240FFA2DFF90FA0C" box="[314,387,1450,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
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wide; T1 weakly to moderately swollen posteriorly........................................... 2
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="F77E65AC6F78FFD425A2FA40FB88F9A4" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2FA40FB88FA6F" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" box="[151,1435,1479,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2FA40FB88FA6F" box="[151,1435,1479,1500]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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2. Body ground color orange (
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD424DFFA40FC21FA6F" box="[490,562,1479,1500]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76" captionStartId="16.[151,263,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1327,194,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[259,1328,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76 – 81. ♀, dorsal view. 82 – 84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232734/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 77</figureCitation>
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); wings yellow tinged (covered with yellow setae) (
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42117FA40FA7BFA6F" box="[1058,1128,1479,1500]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 40" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31 – 32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33 – 35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T 1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36 – 40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T 1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232730/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
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).....
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD42184FA40FB88FA6F" authority="Cameron" authorityName="Cameron" box="[1201,1435,1479,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Icaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fulvinerva">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD42184FA40FB3EFA6F" box="[1201,1325,1479,1500]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">P. fulvinerva</emphasis>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="349D3D996F78FFD4200FFA40FB86FA6F" box="[1338,1429,1479,1500]" name="Cameroon" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Cameron</collectingCountry>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2FA62FB88F9A4" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2FA62FB88F9A4" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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- Body ground color ivory white or yellow to light brown, with brown to black markings (
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42103FA62FA9FFA49" box="[1078,1164,1509,1530]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,263,1454,1476]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,197,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[176,1410,195,1432]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Parapolybia varia, P. c roc e a sp. nov. and holotype of P. indica (de Saussure, 1854). 1, 2. Head, lateral view, ♀. 1. P. crocea sp. nov. 2. P. v ar i a. 3, 4. Dried specimens of P. crocea sp. nov. from the same colony. 3. Body color in live more or less well preserved. 4. Discolored while drying. 5, 6. Holotype of P. indica. 5. Dorsal view, metasomal segments 2 – 6 glued upside down. 6. Labels of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232727/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Figs 3, 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD421ADFA62FB33FA49" box="[1176,1312,1509,1530]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76" captionStartId="16.[151,263,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1327,194,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[259,1328,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76 – 81. ♀, dorsal view. 82 – 84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232734/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">76, 78, 80–81</figureCitation>
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); wings with black setae (
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD4246DF985FF8EF9A4" box="[344,413,1538,1559]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 40" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31 – 32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33 – 35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T 1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36 – 40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T 1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232730/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
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).................................................................................. 3
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="F77E65AC6F78FFD425A2F998FB88F93F" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F998FB8FF9E1" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F998FB8FF9E1" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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3. Metasomal segments 2 and 3 much darker than mesosoma, nearly black, T2 and T3 respectively with large and paired small yellow spots (
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<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42453F9BAFFBDF9E1" box="[358,430,1597,1618]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76" captionStartId="16.[151,263,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1327,194,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[259,1328,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76 – 81. ♀, dorsal view. 82 – 84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232734/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
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); antenna and legs, especially in male, prominently elongated...........
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<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD421A5F9BAFB11F9E1" box="[1168,1282,1597,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bioculata">
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<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD421A5F9BAFB11F9E1" box="[1168,1282,1597,1618]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">P. bioculata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(van der Vecht)
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F9DDFB88F93F" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F9DDFB88F93F" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">- Metasomal segments 2 and 3 more or less same colored as mesosoma, with or without darker markings; antenna and legs not prominently elongated................................................................................. 4</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="F77E65AC6F78FFD425A2F912FB8FF8B1" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F912FB85F97B" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F912FB85F97B" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
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4. In both sexes, T2 distinctly concave sublaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD4278BF912FD14F919" box="[702,775,1685,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 52" captionStartId="11.[151,263,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,625,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1437,625,1913]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 52. Parapolybia flava sp. nov. 41 – 46. ♀. 47 – 52. ♂. 41 – 42, 47. Head, 41, 47. Frontal view. 42. Lateral view. 43, 48. Ocelli, dorsal view. 44, 45, 49, 50. T 1 (44, 49. Dorsal view, 45, 50. Lateral view). 46. T 2, laterodorsal view. 51. Volsella and digitus. PS, parameral spine. D, Digitus. 52. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232731/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gena developed, visible in frontal view of head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD421D8F912FB27F919" box="[1261,1332,1685,1706]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 52" captionStartId="11.[151,263,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,625,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1437,625,1913]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 52. Parapolybia flava sp. nov. 41 – 46. ♀. 47 – 52. ♂. 41 – 42, 47. Head, 41, 47. Frontal view. 42. Lateral view. 43, 48. Ocelli, dorsal view. 44, 45, 49, 50. T 1 (44, 49. Dorsal view, 45, 50. Lateral view). 46. T 2, laterodorsal view. 51. Volsella and digitus. PS, parameral spine. D, Digitus. 52. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232731/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
|
||
), in lateral view slightly wider than eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD424C8F935FC55F974" box="[509,582,1714,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 41 – 52" captionStartId="11.[151,263,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,625,1909]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[150,1437,625,1913]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 41 – 52. Parapolybia flava sp. nov. 41 – 46. ♀. 47 – 52. ♂. 41 – 42, 47. Head, 41, 47. Frontal view. 42. Lateral view. 43, 48. Ocelli, dorsal view. 44, 45, 49, 50. T 1 (44, 49. Dorsal view, 45, 50. Lateral view). 46. T 2, laterodorsal view. 51. Volsella and digitus. PS, parameral spine. D, Digitus. 52. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232731/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 42</figureCitation>
|
||
).........................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD421C9F935FB50F974" box="[1276,1347,1714,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD421C9F935FB50F974" box="[1276,1347,1714,1735]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">P. flava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65CD1C606F78FFD4207CF935FB85F97B" box="[1353,1430,1714,1736]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD4207CF935FB85F97B" bold="true" box="[1353,1430,1714,1736]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F948FB8FF8B1" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F948FB8FF8B1" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
- In both sexes, T2 barely or only weakly concave sublaterally. Gena not strongly swollen laterally, invisible in frontal view of head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD4242EF96AFF4AF8B1" box="[283,345,1773,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="3.[151,263,1815,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,265,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,265,1793]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Parapolybia indica, holotype ♀. 7, 9. Head. 7. Frontal view. 9. Lateral view. 8. Ocelli, dorsal view. 10. T 1, dorsal view. 11. Metasomal segments 1 – 2, lateral view, segment 2 glued upside down. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232728/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Figs 7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42456F96AFF6EF8B1" box="[355,381,1773,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 64" captionStartId="13.[151,263,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,903,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[164,1427,903,1924]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 64. Parapolybia crocea sp. nov. 53 – 57. ♀. 58 – 64. ♂. 53 – 54, 58. Head. 53, 58. Frontal view. 54. Lateral view. 55, 59. Ocelli, dorsal view. 56, 57, 61, 62. T 1 (56, 61. Dorsal view, 57, 62. Lateral view). 60. F 9 – F 11 63. Volsella and digitus. 64. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232732/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">53</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD424B2F96AFFD6F8B1" box="[391,453,1773,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 75" captionStartId="15.[151,263,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,301,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 75. Parapolybia nana sp. nov. and P. albida sp. nov. 65 – 69. P. nana sp. nov., ♀. 65, 66. Head (65. Frontal view, 66. Lateral view). 67. Ocelli, dorsal view. 68, 69. T 1 (68. Lateral view, 69. Dorsal view). 70 – 75. P. albida sp. nov., ♀. 70, 71, 75. Head (70, 75. Frontal view, 71. Lateral view). 72. Ocelli, dorsal view. 73, 74. T 1 (73. Lateral view, 74. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232733/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">65, 71</figureCitation>
|
||
), in lateral view as wide as or narrower than eye (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42697F96AFDF2F8B1" box="[930,993,1773,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="3.[151,263,1815,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,265,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,265,1793]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Parapolybia indica, holotype ♀. 7, 9. Head. 7. Frontal view. 9. Lateral view. 8. Ocelli, dorsal view. 10. T 1, dorsal view. 11. Metasomal segments 1 – 2, lateral view, segment 2 glued upside down. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232728/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD426DEF96AFA16F8B1" box="[1003,1029,1773,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 40" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31 – 32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33 – 35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T 1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36 – 40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T 1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232730/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">33</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD4213BF96AFA3BF8B1" box="[1038,1064,1773,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 64" captionStartId="13.[151,263,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,903,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[164,1427,903,1924]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 64. Parapolybia crocea sp. nov. 53 – 57. ♀. 58 – 64. ♂. 53 – 54, 58. Head. 53, 58. Frontal view. 54. Lateral view. 55, 59. Ocelli, dorsal view. 56, 57, 61, 62. T 1 (56, 61. Dorsal view, 57, 62. Lateral view). 60. F 9 – F 11 63. Volsella and digitus. 64. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232732/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">54</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42107F96AFA63F8B1" box="[1074,1136,1773,1794]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 75" captionStartId="15.[151,263,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,301,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 75. Parapolybia nana sp. nov. and P. albida sp. nov. 65 – 69. P. nana sp. nov., ♀. 65, 66. Head (65. Frontal view, 66. Lateral view). 67. Ocelli, dorsal view. 68, 69. T 1 (68. Lateral view, 69. Dorsal view). 70 – 75. P. albida sp. nov., ♀. 70, 71, 75. Head (70, 75. Frontal view, 71. Lateral view). 72. Ocelli, dorsal view. 73, 74. T 1 (73. Lateral view, 74. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232733/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">66, 72</figureCitation>
|
||
)....................... 5
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="F77E65AC6F78FFD425A2F88DFB88F88F" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F88DFB86F893" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" box="[151,1429,1802,1824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F88DFB86F893" box="[151,1429,1802,1824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
5. Body ground color ivory white. Clypeus with distinct paired dark brown spots (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD426EEF88DFA32F8AC" box="[987,1057,1802,1823]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 75" captionStartId="15.[151,263,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,301,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 75. Parapolybia nana sp. nov. and P. albida sp. nov. 65 – 69. P. nana sp. nov., ♀. 65, 66. Head (65. Frontal view, 66. Lateral view). 67. Ocelli, dorsal view. 68, 69. T 1 (68. Lateral view, 69. Dorsal view). 70 – 75. P. albida sp. nov., ♀. 70, 71, 75. Head (70, 75. Frontal view, 71. Lateral view). 72. Ocelli, dorsal view. 73, 74. T 1 (73. Lateral view, 74. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232733/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 70</figureCitation>
|
||
)................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD421DBF88DFB51F8AC" box="[1262,1346,1802,1823]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albida" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD421DBF88DFB51F8AC" box="[1262,1346,1802,1823]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">P. albida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65CD1C606F78FFD4207CF88DFB86F893" box="[1353,1429,1802,1824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD4207CF88DFB86F893" bold="true" box="[1353,1429,1802,1824]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F8A0FB88F88F" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" box="[151,1435,1831,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F8A0FB88F88F" box="[151,1435,1831,1852]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">- Body ground color yellow to light brown. Clypeus without dark spots........................................... 6</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="F77E65AC6F78FFD425A2F8C2FB8FF8C4" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F8C2FB8FF8E9" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" box="[151,1436,1861,1882]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F8C2FB8FF8E9" box="[151,1436,1861,1882]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
6. T
|
||
<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F78FFD425C6F8C2FF07F8E9" box="[243,276,1861,1882]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
lateral view nodulated posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD4275FF8C2FCA3F8E9" box="[618,688,1861,1882]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 40" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1587,1609]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1565]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[150,1436,193,1566]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 40. Parapolybia fulvenerva, P. crocea sp. nov., P. takasagona and P. tinctipennis. 31 – 32. Setae of wings. 31. Paraplybia fulvinerva. 32. P. crocea sp. nov. 33 – 35. Parapolybia takasagona, ♀. 33. Head, lateral view. 34, 35. T 1 (34. Lateral view, 35. Dorsal view). 36 – 40. Parapolybia tinctipennis, ♀. 36, 37. Head (36. Frontal view, 37. Lateral view). 38. Ocelli, dorsal view. 39, 40. T 1 (39. Lateral view, 40. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232730/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
|
||
)............................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD421E1F8C2FB8FF8E9" authority="Sonan" authorityName="Sonan" box="[1236,1436,1861,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Paraplybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="takasagona">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD421E1F8C2FB4AF8E9" box="[1236,1369,1861,1882]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">P. takasagona</emphasis>
|
||
Sonan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F8E5FB8FF8C4" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" box="[151,1436,1890,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F8E5FB8FF8C4" box="[151,1436,1890,1911]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
- T
|
||
<quantity id="8B72D0EC6F78FFD425C6F8E5FF07F8C4" box="[243,276,1890,1911]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
lateral view more or less smoothly swollen dorsally toward level of spiracle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD426C8F8E5FA55F8C4" box="[1021,1094,1890,1911]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 11" captionStartId="3.[151,263,1815,1837]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,265,1793]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,265,1793]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 11. Parapolybia indica, holotype ♀. 7, 9. Head. 7. Frontal view. 9. Lateral view. 8. Ocelli, dorsal view. 10. T 1, dorsal view. 11. Metasomal segments 1 – 2, lateral view, segment 2 glued upside down. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232728/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Figs 11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42165F8E5FA79F8C4" box="[1104,1130,1890,1911]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 64" captionStartId="13.[151,263,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,903,1924]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[164,1427,903,1924]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 64. Parapolybia crocea sp. nov. 53 – 57. ♀. 58 – 64. ♂. 53 – 54, 58. Head. 53, 58. Frontal view. 54. Lateral view. 55, 59. Ocelli, dorsal view. 56, 57, 61, 62. T 1 (56, 61. Dorsal view, 57, 62. Lateral view). 60. F 9 – F 11 63. Volsella and digitus. 64. Aedeagus. Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232732/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">57</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42141F8E5FA9EF8C4" box="[1140,1165,1890,1911]" captionStart="FIGURES 65 – 75" captionStartId="15.[151,263,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1693]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[150,1436,301,1693]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 65 – 75. Parapolybia nana sp. nov. and P. albida sp. nov. 65 – 69. P. nana sp. nov., ♀. 65, 66. Head (65. Frontal view, 66. Lateral view). 67. Ocelli, dorsal view. 68, 69. T 1 (68. Lateral view, 69. Dorsal view). 70 – 75. P. albida sp. nov., ♀. 70, 71, 75. Head (70, 75. Frontal view, 71. Lateral view). 72. Ocelli, dorsal view. 73, 74. T 1 (73. Lateral view, 74. Dorsal view). Scale 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232733/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">68</figureCitation>
|
||
).................... 7
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="F77E65AC6F78FFD425A2F8F8FB88F801" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F8F8FB85F826" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" box="[151,1430,1919,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F8F8FB85F826" box="[151,1430,1919,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
7. Flat area of vertex behind posterior ocelli narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD427F1F8F8FD19F827" box="[708,778,1919,1940]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76" captionStartId="16.[151,263,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1327,194,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[259,1328,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76 – 81. ♀, dorsal view. 82 – 84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232734/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 82</figureCitation>
|
||
).......................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD421C9F8F8FB50F827" box="[1276,1347,1919,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nana" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD421C9F8F8FB50F827" box="[1276,1347,1919,1940]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">P. nana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65CD1C606F78FFD4207CF8F8FB85F826" box="[1353,1430,1919,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD4207CF8F8FB85F826" bold="true" box="[1353,1430,1919,1941]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F81AFB88F801" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" box="[151,1435,1949,1970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F81AFB88F801" box="[151,1435,1949,1970]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
- Flat area of vertex behing posterior ocelli wide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD4279BF81AFD0FF801" box="[686,796,1949,1970]" captionStart="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76" captionStartId="16.[151,263,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[262,1327,194,1927]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[259,1328,193,1931]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 76 – 84. 76. Parapolybia bioculata. 77. P. fulvinerva. 78. P. takasagona. 79. P. tinctipennis. 80. P. flava sp. nov. 81. P. nana sp. nov. 82. P. nana sp. nov. 83. P. indica. 84. P. crocea sp. nov. 76 – 81. ♀, dorsal view. 82 – 84. Vertex, ♀, dorsal view. An arrow indicating flat area behind ocelli." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232734/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Figs 83–84</figureCitation>
|
||
).................................................. 8
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="F77E65AC6F78FFD425A2F83DFB85F85E" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F83DFB8FF87C" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" box="[151,1436,1978,1999]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F83DFB8FF87C" box="[151,1436,1978,1999]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
8. Paired yellow longitudinal lines on mesoscutum and spots on T2 absent or obscure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42132F83DFA53F87C" box="[1031,1088,1978,1999]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,263,1454,1476]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,197,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[176,1410,195,1432]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Parapolybia varia, P. c roc e a sp. nov. and holotype of P. indica (de Saussure, 1854). 1, 2. Head, lateral view, ♀. 1. P. crocea sp. nov. 2. P. v ar i a. 3, 4. Dried specimens of P. crocea sp. nov. from the same colony. 3. Body color in live more or less well preserved. 4. Discolored while drying. 5, 6. Holotype of P. indica. 5. Dorsal view, metasomal segments 2 – 6 glued upside down. 6. Labels of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232727/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD421F5F83DFB07F87C" ID-CoL="4D9FX" box="[1216,1300,1978,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD421F5F83DFB07F87C" box="[1216,1300,1978,1999]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">P. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(de Saussure)
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4C357D096F78FFD425A2F850FB85F85E" blockId="17.[151,1436,1362,2029]" box="[151,1430,2007,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
<keyLead id="F77BDE3C6F78FFD425A2F850FB85F85E" box="[151,1430,2007,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">
|
||
- Paired yellow longitudinal lines on mesoscutum and spots on T2 distinct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D4B1618C6F78FFD42693F850FDF3F85F" box="[934,992,2007,2028]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6" captionStartId="2.[151,263,1454,1476]" captionTargetBox="[176,1410,197,1432]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[176,1410,195,1432]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. Parapolybia varia, P. c roc e a sp. nov. and holotype of P. indica (de Saussure, 1854). 1, 2. Head, lateral view, ♀. 1. P. crocea sp. nov. 2. P. v ar i a. 3, 4. Dried specimens of P. crocea sp. nov. from the same colony. 3. Body color in live more or less well preserved. 4. Discolored while drying. 5, 6. Holotype of P. indica. 5. Dorsal view, metasomal segments 2 – 6 glued upside down. 6. Labels of holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/232727/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).....................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8B8A068A6F78FFD421DEF850FB50F85F" box="[1259,1347,2007,2028]" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Parapolybia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crocea" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD421DEF850FB50F85F" box="[1259,1347,2007,2028]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">P. crocea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="65CD1C606F78FFD4207CF850FB85F85E" box="[1353,1430,2007,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EFEA11B6F78FFD4207CF850FB85F85E" bold="true" box="[1353,1430,2007,2029]" pageId="17" pageNumber="232">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |