159 lines
22 KiB
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159 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="189636" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70afdf3c-d3d7-46c5-9508-28af73138ff4" ID-PMC="PMC9836709" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1130-103" ID-Pensoft-UUID="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" ID-PubMed="36761018" ID-ZooBank="C8FFC906D96F43ACA5B9FB21B6E27C33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1130-103" checkinTime="1668813907773" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Portman, Zachary M., Arduser, Mike, Lane, Ian G. & Cariveau, Daniel P." docDate="2022" docId="A9FE1A282F2753EFBB6FB41BD5CF0890" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1130: 103-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1130" docPubDate="2022-11-18" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413" docTitle="Augochlorella persimilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" lastPageNumber="103" masterDocId="6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C" masterDocTitle="A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1732929873667" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="B0B77358C80CC34F23DC8103D4C951AF">
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<mods:title id="2E591D91107DAC70B7EF62DB2F7F5F93">A review of the Augochloropsis (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) and keys to the shiny green Halictinae of the midwestern United States</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A9BADDB964519093B486F7F8BA557C47" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EA369C04ACEDCCFFB73ADA08EC42B18F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3D46338A6FDF7A9BA6BB36062B845BB6">Portman, Zachary M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D0DA84CC220647D9E1FB5414946DDC6" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8943-8196</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="5F62F1AD83D071BCC58A950C822A0CB1">Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7EB6DA1ADB4416B1B9A867F100633605" type="email">zportman@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="11AB4B50533904D5EBAA9A2492DCB967">Arduser, Mike</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="299154E6A78C1A58849D4F1C19C59628">Conservation Research Institute, Cedarburg, WI, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E0076EE0CA773F08C271B2F2DF1A1A62">Lane, Ian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="527CE4C139B5B9B6446F4E2B93FE91DA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6645-2136</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="57D35DDD30843B52625EF22222B78B02">Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8A0EA5A9D4C09087274F671FA33AE2C7">Cariveau, Daniel P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D567172CBAAF2A3C6D2DE05BD326363F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-0071</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="9FAC83B3F7D8C8F792B511BEFB89DD4B">Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="538F9AA0EC070B3099BA99D6004E2872">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="57EE8A35DBF3F07753D1295E4CA04832">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C56D98B394A58F35C885725DFA7FED74">
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<mods:date id="D01AD22071154766FBF8064F31F40D01">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="892ED9DFB4077894F6676E97BD52BEFC">2022-11-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B5113949645601AE8F200C31181110B5">1130</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="3CD817EDD1527424FC53FA647608FB5C" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="061D758532143CC56D7BD37278DE8ADE">103</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="F2BDFB55AA9F3B3FAD26DEBCC98AAA48">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="EE4C9A2FDF1A98BE611686B3987C932C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BD86874BD5C0AC7F2269CFDD7F2EF88D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4DC37A0FCB85B81AF7EEEDC0C654560D" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1130-103</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="763AA8BE2CF4E60D8A0B385A94520504" type="ZooBank">C8FFC906D96F43ACA5B9FB21B6E27C33</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="1FF9AE21AAF38436B2B190F596D02452" type="Pensoft-UUID">6007CB98AFAA58A5BD50EA75BBF78B0C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="A9FE1A282F2753EFBB6FB41BD5CF0890" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205098566" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A9FE1A282F2753EFBB6FB41BD5CF0890" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A9FE1A282F2753EFBB6FB41BD5CF0890" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" scope_family="Halictidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Halictinae">
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<subSubSection id="9F2260EB8FA2B46244DFFC0EA661D220" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9CD0A77D9702A501FC175A1FADFA91BC" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="B9430C8B194FBE9D756B2BC7E7087BFC" ID-CoL="JQ69" LSID="A9FE1A28-2F27-53EF-BB6F-B41BD5CF0890" authority="(Viereck)" baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">Augochlorella persimilis (Viereck)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="056B9150F698FC6EAF299504F256FDAE" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="A5EFE4DE3DF17E38E25E2351F6A4A6FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="5DCB7680BACCE6F8A32722075FAFC12D" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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<taxonomicName id="43F2A102CF6F71D44E607E30AE51C887" baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis id="A9F952899F31A3BBED649749E1E9AD6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is very similar to
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<taxonomicName id="3367B19655D0FF0CA67A15DA8A5E48B9" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis id="A27E47D7C42646F905703715AD0B0238" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Females can be distinguished by the lack of rugae at the rear of the propodeal triangle, though this character can often be subtle (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="ADDDB2E4367061FF0E38EE51677488DD" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13F-H</figureCitation>
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). In addition,
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<taxonomicName id="AAE8114AF1679BBA89F87B77A1657F8A" baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis id="A58C52C8FA26055DE27A769FFAC7D756" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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tend to be smaller than
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<taxonomicName id="692CBD87A32B5BA4FD4B6A6EFC30A65F" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis id="5EB81A80E60FC19AA9EBA3106BF201C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and they have a more extensive apical black mark on the clypeus, with the black part taking up approximately one-third of the length of the clypeus (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="793C34F9E6D7BE1010EDB5F51A7CE8EB" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13B</figureCitation>
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), compared to approximately one-fourth the length of the clypeus in
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<taxonomicName id="A2B54DCFAFCCAA45103F5FD93B40F204" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis id="274596FECF6D9069D370763BF09A1A04" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation id="8D2D4282425A25E2E80C182D22D6EB1E" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13A</figureCitation>
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). Note that there are often females of
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<taxonomicName id="17D56D47B28B413EC0B0E1284B9AF758" baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis id="7796E4872E8FE63EEDE3EDDA0700A276" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2E0E2A14FBC1D49A65BE333AD1170BA2" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis id="0DA377E62C65FDB8A1FECB1C3EC2DFB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that cannot be reliably separated.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3EB5033D8D2E86F06DB4A41D03E0FDAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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Male
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<taxonomicName id="43DA1763141258FB1980EBA597D87CBE" baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis id="B6C441F4528352908EAB390CBC6AB736" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from
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<taxonomicName id="46696B58F8CA2F1F2D288016EB16C489" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis id="6C1B770CE438FFB085403EA98A081842" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the length of the hairs on the inner side of the hind basitarsus:
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<taxonomicName id="9B270576701C8959A971149C97960FD2" baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis id="E89FD9BB6640109F575B437979C0E4EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have the hairs very short for the basal third, then the hairs flare out to about twice the width of the basitarsus (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="FA67ED7ED6259EC6F2BA4B3FD88BB934" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13J</figureCitation>
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). In contrast, the hairs on
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<taxonomicName id="46CACA000CF81A9FBAB3C49B96A37BDE" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis id="99E4A5E50A6D5ACD1F9FA8B812500158" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are short for the basal third, and only get slightly longer, about equal in length to the width of the basitarsus (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="9FC2282B039F17ACE1DA1A325540ABD9" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13I</figureCitation>
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). Like females, the males of
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<taxonomicName id="A0FC3AF2B015F56F8E8029C80140EC9B" baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis id="1102C910CE068CB18D8A75206C8FDC4C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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also have a lack of rugae at the rear of the propodeal triangle but it is less distinct (see Fig.
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<figureCitation id="41CB5BB41D6B0F36ED5D1429E59425B1" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Augochlorella characters A Augochlorella aurata female face B Augochlorella persimilis female face C-E Augochlorella aurata female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation C apical margin carinate D apical margin largely lacking a carina E apical margin completely lacking a carina and striae partially removed from margin F-H Augochlorella persimilis female propodeal triangles demonstrating the range of variation F propodeum with narrow smooth margin G propodeum with broad smooth margin H propodeum with narrow and irregular smooth margin I Augochlorella aurata male hind basitarsus J Augochlorella persimilis male hind basitarsus. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B); 500 µm (C-H, I, J)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.86413.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771322" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">13F-H</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3953E0D5528CF9CE2C4CCCE15B7F393" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" type="comments">
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<paragraph id="C050F378ABCFCCCB1787FC8031CE3069" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F58690AAD852C4982C3B44AC87D280A" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">
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This species has a more southern distribution than
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<taxonomicName id="ADA2B1CD58771746686B5081180709D3" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella aurata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurata">
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<emphasis id="F05066B6F449E8B022FF6D9CBA93A997" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella aurata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, though the species commonly overlap and co-occur. The northern extent of the range of
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<taxonomicName id="2462998622D1E00538BA50990AC4C823" baseAuthorityName="Viereck" baseAuthorityYear="1910" class="Insecta" family="Halictidae" genus="Augochlorella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Augochlorella persimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
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<emphasis id="E46E955806D6EDEA690FE1A54DD2BFE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="103">Augochlorella persimilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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reaches the southern part of Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin (
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<bibRefCitation id="995637B580108C252F43873728570236" author="Wolf, AT" journalOrPublisher="Great Lakes Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="129 - 168" refId="B60" refString="Wolf, AT, Ascher, JS, 2008. Bees of Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). Great Lakes Entomologist 41: 129 - 168" title="Bees of Wisconsin (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila)." volume="41" year="2008">Wolf and Ascher 2008</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="B89D49E979829B9EFAE5439B11DC257B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1" author="Gibbs, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 160" refId="B22" refString="Gibbs, J, Ascher, JS, Rightmyer, MG, Isaacs, R, 2017. The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history. Zootaxa 4352 (1): 1 - 160, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1" title="The bees of Michigan (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), with notes on distribution, taxonomy, pollination, and natural history." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4352.1.1" volume="4352" year="2017">Gibbs et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |