408 lines
52 KiB
XML
408 lines
52 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A7D693FDFC92C750D3EE09884B48C852">Species limits within the widespread Amazonian treefrog Dendropsophusparviceps with descriptions of two new species (Anura, Hylidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ABB3C5428268B9C0976986AF3F94F145">Rivadeneira, C. Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="104FC6C3D9110E47018B54CFC550859C">Venegas, Pablo J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0ED960C2CC19D47B851FB7FDFFF79AE4">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6515C69BABB120B2B0ACDD01F788F2B6">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="71B999E138F1D6BAAAAF1712924FBC95">726</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="83A3846C0593899AF09446169EFE7226" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.726.13864</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8EBA0DDB18AA179F0C3CECBC588BE013" ID-GBIF-Taxon="139669251" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8EBA0DDB18AA179F0C3CECBC588BE013" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8EBA0DDB18AA179F0C3CECBC588BE013" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
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<subSubSection id="62D3EA03C709E35165C6654AB9224F64" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1AAF493B7F9A4598242BB1B150D41000" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="F59F06C7B0471AAD5D29F00158473F70" ID-CoL="34S6M" authority="Boulenger, 1882" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1882" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps (Boulenger, 1882)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1, 6, 7A, 8
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35EFF449A54A5DF10CAE2619564B6BCA" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="A119A922264C14A1FDD6F78D7FC0BDB0" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="C3302F239BBFF32492417D5282480172" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Hyla parviceps</taxonomicName>
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Boulenger, 1882: 393. Holotype BMNH 1947.2.13.51, an adult female from Sarayacu, Pastaza Province, Ecuador.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7D2627C4C879B37C4BDA88826055A1C2" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="F2F6259E922F79237AA2C806125F09A2" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Hyla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hyla parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Hyla parviceps</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="92339DCD30067F95F53AB0A992FC4120" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
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: 19;
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<bibRefCitation id="BFFC87E0BC5353BD4BFB611450CC9C0F" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 352" title="The biology of an equatorial herpetofauna in Amazonian Ecuador." volume="65" year="1978">Duellman 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 156.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="827FBB269311E86D46FD23A64EEC3849" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="9A291B2132721FB3B92E27FC475FFE1A" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="BD052AAD90A00A62A6CC5E6937EAB19B" author="Faivovich, J" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" url="https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2005)294[0001:SROTFF]2.0.CO;2" year="2005">Faivovich et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 93.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1041C655317B2FAD919E748AE09F8A2E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="9945A02BF598396E7A58E66432A6F870" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DCFF9FFCDF7BD229FAC36225345B1233" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="8" pageNumber="33">
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Throughout the species account, coloration refers to preserved specimens unless otherwise noted.
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<taxonomicName id="18E13A6541428C8A619396A038BFE4EB" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by: (1) small size, mean SVL 16.4 mm in males (range 14.3 18.7; n = 65), 22.5 mm in females (range 20.3 24.4; n = 30); (2) throat sexually dimorphic, dark flecks posteriorly in males vs. white blotch with two or three longitudinal stripes or without stripes posteriorly in females (Fig. 8); (3) snout truncate in dorsal and lateral views, slightly inclined posteroventrally in lateral view; (4) nostrils slightly prominent; (5) tympanum visible, concealed posterodorsally, tympanic membrane differentiated and annulus evident; (6) conical tubercles on upper eyelid absent; (7) thoracic fold absent; (8) ulnar tubercles and outer tarsal tubercles indistinct; (9) axillary membrane present; (10) skin on dorsal surfaces smooth with scattered small tubercles; skin on chest areolate; skin on belly, posterior surfaces of thighs, and subcloacal area coarsely areolate; skin on throat and other surfaces smooth; (11) dark brown markings on dorsum (Fig. 8); (12) thenar tubercle is distinct; (13) hand webbing formula II11/2 2III2- 2-IV, feet webbing formula I1-?2-II1-?2-III1- 2IV2?1-V; (14) in life, dorsal surfaces brown, tan or grayish tan; (15) orange to amber blotch on the proximal ventral surface of shanks and under arms, from the axillae to near the elbow, in life (white to creamy white in preservative);
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<pageBreakToken id="340BC4AB1119A673DEE15A1378F6017D" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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16) one suborbital white bar present both in life and preservative; (17) thighs are black to dark brown with two or three white spots on the anterodorsal surfaces both in life and preservative; (18) iris in life is creamy white to reddish brown with brow or dark brown reticulations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6682A232C1126E5C14CD2F284413528B" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" type="comparisons">
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<paragraph id="2E1F288DF943E6D16C7544D96D0CF699" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Comparisons with other species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="237C0D9E57F6C97395919EA692D80E82" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="38F7394A92201ECA8BD816B02557D0A9" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
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is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="927DA58286A93EA05A0E635B0428CF73" lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName id="15C1D864B5DBFB337B2EDCD282F5F472" lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. The three species differ from other species of the
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<taxonomicName id="C735F4F740130BB8B2D304D2525D4ED8" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
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group sensu
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<bibRefCitation id="9FD1C15D4D4F23B1A27B6FCBD9C562C7" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 64" title="A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" volume="4052" year="2015">Fouquet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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(characters of other species of the group in parenthesis) by lacking dorsolateral light stripes [present in
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<taxonomicName id="E4DAA2ABF45A4DF8D8808C06980CEC2B" lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
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(from
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<bibRefCitation id="1F7FD535F88FC4DB9533B9BD8C9FAADA" author="Goin, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="721 - 724" title="Description of a new frog of the genus Hyla from northwestern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935908655758" volume="2" year="1960">Goin 1960</bibRefCitation>
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) and in
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<taxonomicName id="E0DA6954D94F51FE7658CCDD51D26D4A" lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="617BB8FF14D33CCD8A06C0770808C0F2" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation id="D55D91BD85019F229F80208DE73B26D7" author="Read, M" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" url="https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb/FichaEspecie/Dendropsophus%20brevifrons" year="2011">Read and Ron 2011</bibRefCitation>
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)] and having, in life, an orange or amber blotch on the proximal ventral surface of shanks and under arms, from the axillae to near the elbow [absent in
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<taxonomicName id="83E3DFE1D1BF8EDAE3E9C80931607D39" lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EA8B1AE6342E1CBEFDC83365D1AB50E0" author="Goin, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="721 - 724" title="Description of a new frog of the genus Hyla from northwestern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935908655758" volume="2" year="1960">Goin 1960</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2555542A5A7181761C2EDCC14C8645E4" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
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), in
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<taxonomicName id="C3D166D01FDF9FE0D641E376726A77B8" lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="A991C132D5B393063E5E4BDB0DB6A821" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
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), in
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<taxonomicName id="13DC1BA0DE83765DD70C68339CAEA4DB" lsidName="D. counani" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="counani">D. counani</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2FD11EC6B60A6DF37F1495C0F975A4F6" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 64" title="A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" volume="4052" year="2015">Fouquet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
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), in
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<taxonomicName id="58E67F969BC9A0E1BDC9E0BF8E0ADD2F" lsidName="D. frosti" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="frosti">D. frosti</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="275CD37767C1CE3C1D9DC8824B317467" author="Motta, AP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" pagination="18 - 30" title="A new species of the Dendropsophusparviceps group from the western Amazon Basin (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)." volume="3249" year="2012">Motta et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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) and in
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<taxonomicName id="E3EDA6F5F93C4FF1DE690EDAEEBAF8D9" lsidName="D. koechlini" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="koechlini">D. koechlini</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="10C877D8E62438B40D426B1FF288E4B4" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 10" title="Two new treefrogs of the Hylaparviceps group from the Amazon Basin in southern Peru." volume="45" year="1989">Duellman and Trueb 1989</bibRefCitation>
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)].
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<taxonomicName id="098D5AD2EEBC5CB72D2239FC7C77700A" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
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is also similar to
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<taxonomicName id="7F3BD9BA90C1F242DE80A8BBD07EF99A" lsidName="D. pauiniensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="pauiniensis">D. pauiniensis</taxonomicName>
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(Heyer, 1977), but it can be distinguished by the presence of an orange or amber blotch on the proximal ventral surfaces of shanks in life (absent in
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<taxonomicName id="BEFEA86999C109B935793D5EACF83D16" lsidName="D. pauiniensis" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="pauiniensis">D. pauiniensis</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0C389168369956158AB389A8C1F662ED" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="1B768D4507B1DCC9BF8D81B4AC223E65" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="01D8F21849D5D02EC64CDED9C7B74173" lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., and
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<taxonomicName id="8B064B4C0604D4D8B90B9C891E227BC7" lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. further differ from species of the
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<taxonomicName id="B9E0DAB5C7EAAA77C1E7F3B766C02C26" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
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group (traits of other species of the
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<taxonomicName id="43BAC826662821F3FF33871F8F8F008D" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
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group in parenthesis) as follows: from
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<taxonomicName id="E332A032A2E04F003D9D4D062BE5A497" lsidName="D. koechlini" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="koechlini">D. koechlini</taxonomicName>
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by having a white chest both in life and preserved [white with black flecks both in life and preserved (see
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<bibRefCitation id="D725AF2B258EA517CCEB27B292FBB5D8" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 10" title="Two new treefrogs of the Hylaparviceps group from the Amazon Basin in southern Peru." volume="45" year="1989">Duellman and Trueb 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B9FC98FAC69A68F7B3936F49D154129" lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6B5A050B2558F82520C5755DD41DEF6" lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C53BDF1E5E5B45C248106459BF028C7" lsidName="D. counani" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="counani">D. counani</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7652DA49C084A4513AB23B789D120A3" lsidName="D. frosti" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="frosti">D. frosti</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a mottled ventral coloration both in life and preserved [plain coloration both in life and preserved in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C43735FB3D954C9B18B21064ECF26A40" lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0D26C7A0DAE129AE4F471204D10A071A" author="Goin, CJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="721 - 724" title="Description of a new frog of the genus Hyla from northwestern Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222935908655758" volume="2" year="1960">Goin 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB77F648F469FCA0389BFF3D12BE05EF" lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA4F132C138C392F9778EFDB3AEA6ADF" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ADB6ED6C3D5867914CFB00868CFC1CB3" lsidName="D. counani" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="counani">D. counani</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="00609E591EEE830EEE9F4371E3BFA427" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 64" title="A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" volume="4052" year="2015">Fouquet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23919922AA32F519B7F8E89EFA688FA0" lsidName="D. frosti" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="frosti">D. frosti</taxonomicName>
|
||
(from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="99EAFAEC34B512BEC81AF1A0E53DCD1E" author="Motta, AP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" pagination="18 - 30" title="A new species of the Dendropsophusparviceps group from the western Amazon Basin (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)." volume="3249" year="2012">Motta et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]; from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E114B04687E92ED75DD5CFF13E083325" lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47DE903CD1A0091A524BDDBD7556E4BC" lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF8351A0CB917B18902E4438F2E41713" lsidName="D. counani" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="counani">D. counani</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having a single suborbital bar [two suborbital bars (data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36B47984F00D2B760594701D69A2820B" lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5C89C0E9D19EB2DBCC25E3D53024069" lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F7A85BFCD1C35D98CB87C3CD65C417C" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AD20DD8A64C4AE6E62D111B23505BC1" lsidName="D. counani" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="counani">D. counani</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="83B6987EE358F90619FA7C8740A51F35" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 64" title="A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" volume="4052" year="2015">Fouquet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)] and two or three white spots on the anterior dorsal surfaces of the black thighs in life [cream or yellow spots in life (data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D304680DDFF0F21062D54392B919F61C" lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C66CDEE9458C5CB8911EE39BE750436" lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F380C9D644B932265B8154B6B041CC04" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DAF9E30D099095A21CCD47BEC55F6C87" lsidName="D. counani" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="counani">D. counani</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA4941797263B7ECE01197F4119269A4" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="39 - 64" title="A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" volume="4052" year="2015">Fouquet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)]. The absence of canthal and rostral stripes also differentiates
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFFA312AB646EA2863C4DCBAC3F4C3BD" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A4EDFA379B139FC4B2B1DA2D590F6CF3" lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CB4664D4DC2CBDEAB55516A17D564B1" lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDA9CB75EBF21F4B12EDEA82BD68AFE8" lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B81D2B95ABC0266FE0D9977BCC43801D" lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="763E6B79E1DF6F932ED2F756897C879B" lsidName="D. frosti" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="frosti">D. frosti</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE0ACC1936F962A779A98DCD3FD3399A" lsidName="D. koechlini" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="koechlini">D. koechlini</taxonomicName>
|
||
[both stripes present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC5C4505436B5984D9A34EC5DF9B654F" lsidName="D. bokermanni" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="bokermanni">D. bokermanni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0069F11084DC79319623C735274DB02" lsidName="D. brevifrons" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="brevifrons">D. brevifrons</taxonomicName>
|
||
(data of both species from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AC066E30FCD77FF2D267173619DC0A09" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Papers of the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 40" title="Speciation in frogs of the Hylaparviceps group in the upper Amazon basin." volume="23" year="1974">Duellman and Crump 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), canthal stripes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE1AD5FA9CFE08E6B34B48E9BF525BAB" lsidName="D. frosti" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="frosti">D. frosti</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD089FA979C7E1568BD5EAB735FDF7D8" author="Motta, AP" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" pagination="18 - 30" title="A new species of the Dendropsophusparviceps group from the western Amazon Basin (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae)." volume="3249" year="2012">Motta et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and rostral stripes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D6191C95B18E7167328900351AC7DBF" lsidName="D. koechlini" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="koechlini">D. koechlini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5FB660DE2BEB03AADF078E8A234F9AFD" author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Herpetologica" pageId="30" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 10" title="Two new treefrogs of the Hylaparviceps group from the Amazon Basin in southern Peru." volume="45" year="1989">Duellman and Trueb 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2EC0CCE9DA8DB350A1D056A90D26A70D" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8FA0C46E358DA5CADDEF4255DFA4368E" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from both new species by the absence of tubercles on the upper of eyelid (present).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FEBC9E96B1A44F675062CF7BB2DFC56D" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EA262A1FAE0812430A6B3DA2EF84663" lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2F9A2AC063B774ACD91176154FE6776" lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. by having translucent gray on the ventral surface of the thighs with dark brown flecks posteriorly in males, in life (black posteriorly in males, in life, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D4657E692F2ACE44C4656309F7B34A5" lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC1DC7C358A2E6FFB5352B579D418286" lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ED609467F5B46A5DF2A8B9378306DDD3" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="34" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="E7E9BE13234BDF6C47F41357549A567B" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1107AFE30268146A0A7820DCB7CC4888" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="9" pageNumber="34">
|
||
Morphometric variation is shown in Table 3. Variation in dorsal and ventral coloration of preserved specimens is depicted on Figure 8. Dorsal coloration
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BA9957479529AA9927E8AEA48AD92EF3" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" start="start">varies</pageBreakToken>
|
||
from brown (e.g., QCAZ 52026, 52816) to dark brown (e.g., QCAZ 52755, CORBIDI 1059), gray (e.g., QCAZ 52017), grayish tan (e.g., QCAZ 44441, 51230), or grayish brown (e.g., QCAZ 44736, 52026) with dark brown markings with varying shapes (Fig. 8). The specimens with gray, grayish tan, and grayish brown coloration have scattered iridophores. The dorsum is smooth (e.g., QCAZ 51108, 52755), but some specimens have scattered small tubercles (e.g., QCAZ 53181, CORBIDI 1046).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="17D330E325C6F414BC958D4A2E215EE6" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">The chest is white to cream (Fig. 8) with throat and belly varying from creamy white (e.g., QCAZ 51230), grayish brown (e.g., QCAZ 48929, 52017) to dark brown (e.g., QCAZ 44440) with dark brown or black flecks. The subcloacal area is areolate, its coloration is white (e.g., QCAZ 44441, 48929), but in some specimens is dark brown (e.g., QCAZ 52755).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AAFE911E739B08408025324065CB334A" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" type="color in life">
|
||
<paragraph id="D66064FB82AF01C307F507B53867806E" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Color in life.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C563284F92A9F311B43CC852EF7B7CC5" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Based on digital photographs (Fig. 6): dorsum varies from brown, tan, grayish tan to reddish brown, some individuals have few scattered dorsolateral dark brown flecks; dorsal markings are dark brown; flanks are white or creamy yellow with black or dark brown diagonal bars; dorsal surfaces of forelimbs and shanks have dark brown transversal bars; anterodorsally, thighs are black or dark brown with two or three white spots. The single suborbital bar is white. The venter is translucent gray mottled with black or dark brown; in some females venter is black; chest is white; in adult males, throat is olive tan mottled with dark brown flecks anteriorly and translucent gray posteriorly; in adult females, throat is grayish tan or olive brown, dark brown, or black anteriorly with a white blotch with stripes posteriorly; the ventral surfaces of the limbs are translucent gray or translucent white, thighs are mottled with dark brown posteriorly; there is one bright orange or amber blotch in ventral surface of shank next to the knee, and in the posterior arm, from the axillae to near the elbow. The iris is creamy white to reddish brown with brown or dark brown reticulations.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="22EA0E48023D5E985CD883CD9F0D8BAF" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="51DA9947240C3F6F12D1294AD918975C" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Figure 6. Dorsolateral and ventral views of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CDA1F0F49F4EFA98B94B49771FCE6C2" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life: A, B Adult male, from type locality Sarayaku, Pastaza, Ecuador (QCAZ 52752) C, D Adult male, from Canelos, Pastaza, Ecuador (QCAZ 52816) E Adult male, from Yasuni, Orellana, Ecuador (QCAZ 51073) F Amplectant pair from Nuevo Rocafuerte, Rio Napo, Orellana, Ecuador (QCAZ 44773 74) G, H Adult female, from Chiroisla, Rio Napo, Orellana, Ecuador (QCAZ 44440). Photographs by S. Ron.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4D5DD283D22C2650CE0A2627110053E7" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="0CA0E97D45DC3CF1EC1C6D15552AE04E" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Figure 7. Dorsal and ventral views of the holotypes of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26C4C22B31CCEEB5DFE0BD7AB594D6F1" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex. A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="29C9DD3E47B006E132E89F48CF5B71BD" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female, SVL = 26.55 mm (BMNH 1947.2.13.51) B
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6333AD5C0C91C4FE8B0F49FC2B4114C8" lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. adult male, SVL = 19.65 mm (CORBIDI 5246) C
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44083FADEA9C34E73112EBCD00E126AE" lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. adult male, SVL = 19.05 mm (CORBIDI 15778). Scale bar 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5E74E4F61686A6D49C9E79A2C2945C28" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF2EE0D770F42985E5381046F2F4884D" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Figure 8. Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A69E4289439866E5BD110428CA7BB29" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
showing variation in dorsal and ventral coloration of preserved specimens. From left to right, first and second rows: QCAZ 52017, 52026, 52755, 51230 (males); third and fourth rows: CORBIDI 1040, 1059, QCAZ 48929, 52816 (males); fifth and sixth rows: QCAZ 44440 41, 27983, 44736 (females). See Appendix 1 for locality data. Scale bar 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9595028A52A30C4EEFDB44F8578E45B7" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" type="calls">
|
||
<paragraph id="0ACA7673CD36023D88533FB3D69AB1D6" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">Calls</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8DEED050A91876DE78B8C4132069B4BE" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">(Fig. 4A?B). Descriptive statistics of acoustic variables are provided in Table 5. Calls from ten individuals were analyzed. Three individuals (two of them unvouchered specimens and QCAZ 52753) were recorded at the type locality, Sarayaku, Pastaza Province, at night, on 6 April 2012 (QCAZ 52753 was recorded at 01:00h, temperature 22.4°C). Three individuals (QCAZ 52820, 52837 and one individual not collected) were recorded at Canelos, Pastaza Province, on 11 April 2012 (QCAZ 52820 recorded at 01:00h, 23.4°C). Two individuals (QCAZ 52017, 52918) were recorded at Rio Verde, Tungurahua Province, on 19 September 2011 (QCAZ 52018, air temperature = 15.6°C). Finally, two individuals, not collected, were recorded at PUCE s Yasuni? Research Station, Orellana Province, on 1 June 2011. We obtained one recording (unvouchered specimen) from the sound archives of Museo de Zoologi?a, Pontificia Universidad Cato?lica del Ecuador, made by Morley Read, at Pompeya-Iro road, km. 38, Yasuni National Park, Orellana Province.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="60822B4FD84A4F52EC782DA06BA36DB2" ID-Table-UUID="60822B4FD84A4F52EC782DA06BA36DB2" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/60822B4FD84A4F52EC782DA06BA36DB2" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<paragraph id="1C4964A7187A5BD2775B12C9DECD1557" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
Table 5. Acoustic parameters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36DE42775BC81318C564831000FC891A" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Northern Clade). Mean
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8FD3C91F3F416A5F5858CFBF7093CD82" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
SD is given with range below. Sample sizes are number of calls. All frequencies are in Hz and durations in s.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4096932EB085AF7D4036C62E1D502BF" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<table id="F11FD82246067D1BD3485A5C58EB80C8" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<tr id="D6BCAB0FF029701B9E124613DBCB911E" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<th id="F04CD4FF69C4053566294D0F9FAE1A5E" colspan="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="308B8B4B7B277C2C1608FD87BA6558EE" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="532CE7364C7367434B020067684C7FF2" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<th id="C0E3A13C737208F4036BFA09837F4967" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Sarayaku (n = 3)</th>
|
||
<th id="E766A2CFB3183CD2A2063732B6A101C0" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Canelos (n = 3)</th>
|
||
<th id="BAC6DEF8E32290C8862CEF93C65859D8" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Rio Verde (n = 2)</th>
|
||
<th id="DA0F8971878A4B4FDFEAADD400ABF4B3" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Yasuni (n = 3)</th>
|
||
<th id="1E683887F09E60455E50CC5D190BA44E" colspan="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="35" rowspan="1">Combined (n = 11)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A79C6DBB462EA9238340B738AEBDAF19" pageId="10" pageNumber="35">The advertisement call is a pulsed note (Fig. 4A?B). The amplitude increases gradually at the beginning and falls sharply towards the end. The advertisement call may be emitted alone or followed by one or more click notes. However, the click notes occasionally are emitted alone. The click notes may be non-pulsed or pulsed.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A3BD4E60064C7807387BB542D50B4D66" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="F5A673536FB3C23BA43322E650405A74" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" start="start">Call</pageBreakToken>
|
||
comparisons between populations. The advertisement calls from Rio Verde separate along PC II from the calls of other populations (Fig. 5; Table 8). Mean dominant frequency is 5364.7 Hz (SD = 167) at Rio Verde and 6498.1 Hz (SD = 239) at the other populations. Mean pulse rate is 86.1 pulses/s (SD = 11.79) at Rio Verde and 127.6 pulses/s (SD = 15.5) at others. Mean rise time is 0.1 (SD = 0.02) and mean advertisement call duration is 0.19 s (SD = 0.04) at Rio Verde, while mean rise time is 0.06 (SD = 0.01) and mean advertisement call duration is 0.12 s (SD = 0.03) at the other populations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3CF2DA9FEBCBD38DFC9A95BF1BC9AEE" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8F3B0EFF59790CF11808B83C7BBB3A24" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="536327AF21F078EEC20822569E26FC4A" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B551896716CE56F311C9B53A1C67C4D2" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from 39 localities in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin (Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Sucumbios, and Tungurahua provinces; Fig. 9), few localities in the Peruvian Amazon basin at northwest Loreto (Andoas and San Jacinto; Fig. 9), the Colombian Amazon (Rio Apaporis, Vaupes Department, and Ceilan, Caqueta Department;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2AF62C0557E9FCD439134EAA8D17C6D2" author="Cochran, DM" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="29" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 655" title="Frogs of Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.6346" volume="288" year="1970">Cochran and Goin 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Fig. 9), and northern Brazil (Taracua [= Taracuaca], Rio Uaupes, Amazonas State;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DE684CB0F442AB678BDC402AE6FD820D" author="Melin, D" journalOrPublisher="Serien B, Matematiskaoch Naturvetenskapliga Skrifter" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 71" title="Contributions to the knowledge of the Amphibia of South America. Goteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps och Vitterhets samhalles. Handlingar." volume="1" year="1941">Melin 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see Remarks section). Elevation range is 151 m (Andoas) to 1600 m above sea level (Rio Verde). Our Colombian records are unverified and are based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="07CEB0E686857078BBD825C825E70A91" author="Cochran, DM" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="29" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 655" title="Frogs of Colombia." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.6346" volume="288" year="1970">Cochran and Goin (1970)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who examined three specimens (MLS 54 and MCZ 28058 59) and explicitly mention the absence of tubercles on the upper eyelids. Moreover, the SVL for a gravid female from Ceilan (MLS 54, 21.8 mm) falls outside the known size range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C7FA046476A55BAE64241A647660E9E" lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CD034237028CEE873C15C50937773E9" lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (Table 3). Ecuadorian localities from Sucumbios province are close to the Colombian border further suggesting the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="353EED77C26EB282065D9C9BAA2759C3" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Colombia. In addition, there is an unconfirmed register of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0E76EEF81497D7A1C77A0BAC50109E7" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Ramal do Purupuru, km 34 on the BR-319 highway (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0947476A3A4F3DEFD4C509AA350FF003" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-3.3535">3.3535°S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B710967E0121459C8E432D449FD5A6C8" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-59.8557">59.8557°W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 35 m, Amazonas State, Brazil; Fig. 9).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="36B215F7526C624FBCF08B022F85DFA7" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<paragraph id="A54CBE25520AF116B25FA20DF205B488" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Figure 9. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4268BD653CC330D45893BAB0386E2C1" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
species complex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE5CD79BA99D7F4AB5BA75702F27ED45" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Northern Clade, blue crosses),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8856176C983C4E31583DDCA539A041F4" lsidName="D. kubricki" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="kubricki">D. kubricki</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (Central Clade, green circles),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D6DB8A54478EA8DF7179F313FA04BB2" lsidName="D. kamagarini" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="kamagarini">D. kamagarini</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (Southern Clade, orange rhombi). Stars = type locality, figures with a small black dot at the center = referred specimens, and hollow figures = unconfirmed records.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="689C1F21D593D212CB09EE5B76CC08D8" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EF90C84118623FAB03ABCCE0A9696D" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits Amazonian lower montane forest, Amazonian foothill forest, and Amazonian evergreen lowland rainforest (habitat types based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4195B52D8E14C92893F0662D3F4BC441" author="Ron, SR" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="32" pageNumber="57" url="https://bioweb.bio/faunaweb/amphibiaweb/" year="2017">Ron et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C67B7645EA62227FC8034C7CCD334E3" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an opportunistic breeder and can be found in primary and secondary forest, temporary ponds, flooded areas, swamps, and artificial open areas. Calling activity starts at dusk (17 18h), but it is mainly nocturnal. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F7BEB434BFA3CBC9BB700FCD3D33A7E" author="Lynch, JD" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" pagination="58 - 588" title="Discovery of the richest frog fauna in the World - an exploration of the forests to the north of Leticia." volume="29" year="2005">Lynch (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14EEAB59223B339300AE1A86A25E8D68" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a canopy species that visits the lower forest strata for breeding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="16C44DF53022C60D7517364D1887CD22" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="E8EAED88EFF438A6D0A6865503B4B88C" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="95F28443CC4332691C12BE0B014E2747" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
Its extent of occurrence is 256,944 km2. There is habitat degradation and fragmentation within its distribution as result of human activities, especially cattle rising, agriculture, and oil exploitation. Its presence in artificial open areas suggests that is tolerant of at least some level of habitat modification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1AEEFE05884C094D2350196FF8B4E96C" author="Azevedo-Ramos, C" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="29" pageNumber="54" url="http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55589A11324458" year="2004">Azevedo-Ramos et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its distribution range is large and includes extensive undisturbed areas (Ministerio de Ambiente Ecuador 2013). Therefore, we propose that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5023F048EC5EF2A097B468FCF5A49D6E" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be assigned to the Least Concern category, following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A00A3E5674525968A5702672A6E0913A" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">IUCN (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
criteria.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B9CB5EF308B22B80B958028004C21B8F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="36" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="32E7BDA3D4D2ADFB039F4561B7CA97A3" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="62BB5E34EEB23D80B741C57A30E44EE4" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="38" pageId="11" pageNumber="36">
|
||
The advertisement call from Rio Verde differs from other population calls (Fig. 5; Table 5). However, low genetic and morphological differences between Rio Verde and the other populations indicate that they are conspecific. The Brazilian record from Tarauaca, Rio Uaupes (Amazonas State) is based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="090BB8AFF365893BFDA02714B294A170" author="Melin, D" journalOrPublisher="Serien B, Matematiskaoch Naturvetenskapliga Skrifter" pageId="31" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 71" title="Contributions to the knowledge of the Amphibia of South America. Goteborgs Kungl. Vetenskaps och Vitterhets samhalles. Handlingar." volume="1" year="1941">Melin (1941)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who reported a juvenile specimen with SVL = 21 mm. This specimen could be an adult
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="18B0D39B6894DC7D6733CE297E17D5E1" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" start="start">male</pageBreakToken>
|
||
because the throat is mottled with brown, characteristic of all adult males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D381B499CE804FED1FE31D05CB78AF2A" class="Amphibia" family="Hylidae" genus="Dendropsophus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendropsophus parviceps" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parviceps">Dendropsophus parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, the SVL of the male from Taracua falls above the range of variation of males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19C3A819102FDB6BDF1E946065B1882B" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="12" pageNumber="37" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
(14.3?18.7 mm) and it has a thoracic
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="40F81A11B1517218850A2B10AFCD1BEC" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" start="start">fold</pageBreakToken>
|
||
(fold absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="833509B729A10F6528D8F5E6F8BB6AE3" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see above in Diagnosis section). Therefore, the record from Tarauaca requires verification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB9A093AF1532F0CEDEA466F1CA87107" pageId="13" pageNumber="38">
|
||
The holotype has SVL = 26.5 mm (adult female; Fig. 7A). This value is above the range of variation of females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A5B7EC6F4A3A580A6F4987175ABBC26B" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported in Table 3 (20.3?24.4 mm). To confirm that the holotype falls within the range of variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="340DC92AF135420EF2A75BF7D83BC2B4" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Ecuador, we measured the SVL of the largest adult females from the QCAZ collection. We found three specimens with size close to the holotype: QCAZ 4340 (SVL = 26.13 mm) from La Selva (Sucumbios Province), QCAZ 27028 (SVL = 26.03 mm) from Ahuano (Napo Province), and QCAZ 59772 (SVL 26.26 mm) from Comunidad Zarentza (Pastaza Province; Appendix 1). Although the holotype is the largest specimen known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BA50532EE363BEF78FAC1B784D50CDE8" lsidName="D. parviceps" pageId="13" pageNumber="38" rank="species" species="parviceps">D. parviceps</taxonomicName>
|
||
, other specimens are smaller by just ~1% of SVL. Other characteristics of the external morphology of the holotype fall within the known variation of the Ecuadorian populations confirming that they are conspecific (Figs 7A, 8).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |