242 lines
22 KiB
XML
242 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="297102" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.7316519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="38aee501-3c26-4686-9c32-a0991b651db7" ID-ISBN="0-8018-8221-4" checkinTime="1670905099958" checkinUser="guido" docAuthor="Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn" docDate="2005" docId="2B1C85FA9DBA3BB0C8A99E501E3EC69A" docLanguage="en" docName="MammalSpeciesofTheWorld.2005.Artiodactyla.637-722.xml" docOrigin="Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press" docTitle="Bos grunniens Linnaeus 1766" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" lastPageNumber="691" masterDocId="AB6A4FBA464988A6B3A53F4B8CD52B4B" masterDocTitle="Order Artiodactyla" masterLastPageNumber="722" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="691" updateTime="1716783024384" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="855BD874B795D252AA93745B27BFD0B7">Order Artiodactyla</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="19E0798E3CE14C83F26F49CD124402A7">Wilson, Don E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="20E1F17F5A8559C792996E4DE2DD8B01">Reeder, DeeAnn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="7A42172ABA79C6CC0E08AFACCEE3F151">2005</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4BE8AE423ED60E38910144C817CCCF1D">
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<mods:title id="6766C65261945F58FBB49AC7EF809C6B">Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FADA664EAFAA61B3744849824B0394FC">
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<treatment id="2B1C85FA9DBA3BB0C8A99E501E3EC69A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11336727" ID-GBIF-Taxon="231541290" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11336727" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B1C85FA9DBA3BB0C8A99E501E3EC69A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B1C85FA9DBA3BB0C8A99E501E3EC69A" lastPageNumber="691" pageNumber="691" sourceUrl="http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200680">
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<subSubSection id="BAE9E1272FB82566C88017D63AE6E65D" pageNumber="691" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D79614EC7464544C41C8FF435392E5F6" pageNumber="691">
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||
<taxonomicName id="EA3926834F46CB76A0FACCCF49AB607F" ID-CoL="MLPW" authority="Linnaeus 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="691" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grunniens">
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<emphasis id="0C8D8957301CF1DD03DEDC25332A6123" italics="true" pageNumber="691">Bos grunniens</emphasis>
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Linnaeus 1766
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="2825CB4EBDF18A225EB505B9BD07DB9D" pageNumber="691" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="129DD7DCED08465CF978C4B0EDE7EF0E" pageNumber="691">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="5BC8B46EE1380FCE9427D2562B06C8CE" author="Linnaeus" authority="Linnaeus 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" page="99" pageNumber="691" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grunniens" title="Bos grunniens" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1" year="1766">
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<taxonomicName id="EE65872B15C728CCA2918FFCD04F0540" ID-CoL="MLPW" authority="Linnaeus 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="691" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grunniens">
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<emphasis id="C7568D384AEB5AAAF6573EFB78A39A33" italics="true" pageNumber="691">Bos grunniens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="70C6EA9663089E9B10C4759C565717F3" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213994" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1766 - 1768. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. pt. 1, pp. 1 - 532 [1766]; vol. 3, Appendix pp. 223 - 235 [1768]. 12 th ed. [Vol. 3, Regnum Lapideum, pp. 1 - 222, rejected for nomenclatural purposes, ICZN, opinion 296]. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 3 vols." year="1766">Linnaeus 1766</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibCitation id="1C217233ADF96F51A2A9507E072A95F9" author="Linnaeus" pageNumber="691" pagination="99" title="Bos grunniens" volumeTitle="Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1" year="1766">Syst. Nat., 12th ed., Vol. 1: 99</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4B2C6C8EDFD77364AF3831138CAF113F" pageNumber="691" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="172F33354E914C3C3AFE915A8AC9CD14" pageNumber="691">
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<emphasis id="ED582158087242F131804DEB6AC83FA8" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="691">Type Locality:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="C6F755E9AD888EA50A6E4F0E41C37FA7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4867329516" country="China" pageNumber="691">
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"Habitat in Asia boreali"; "in regno Tibetano" according to Gmelin, in
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<bibRefCitation id="56F54BDCD5ED2DAA5164D40F93D08207" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref214097" refString="Linnaeus, C. (revised by J. F. Gmelin). 1788. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis synonymis, locis. Vol. I. Regum Animale. Class 1, Mammalia. Thirteenth ed. (revised by J. F. Gmelin). G. E. Beir, Lipsiae, 232 pp." year="1788">Linnaeus, 1788</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<collectingCountry id="3E940BE4E7C7C0285B522B2B3731549A" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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, Tibetan Plateau); based on domesticated stock.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="E77635F1E91A5456FF9E43C850DD4BDA" pageNumber="691" type="vernacular_names">
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||
<paragraph id="A9BF3C81194EFFFFCB87E37AAC5C5465" pageNumber="691">
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<emphasis id="204BEE0C75C1D80156B1C0AF82557C3F" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="691">Vernacular Names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="A381D872B7D610FF56D2BED30FD342C2" language="eng" pageNumber="691">Yak</vernacularName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8A2BC40A01FA75BEC681EBE271E3E65F" pageNumber="691" type="child_taxa">
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||
<paragraph id="30129D69852AEBB148B5D65F25E51AE0" pageNumber="691">
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<emphasis id="1F202AC62E67BA35FF8377103AF65ECC" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="691">Subspecies:</emphasis>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A786532B77F67FAD19D06D5CEC7114C2" pageNumber="691">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="D609BF82849A79CF36F14F83A8418EA9" authority="Linnaeus 1766" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="691" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="grunniens" subSpecies="grunniens">
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<emphasis id="ADDF6B730CED355252E42D1DE640E3E1" italics="true" pageNumber="691">Bos grunniens</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="1A312236D2255C74085C9D48E12B1590" italics="true" pageNumber="691">grunniens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="6B9C12EDFA0BCBD43189EC4CD8888DC1" author="Linnaeus, C." refId="ref213994" refString="Linnaeus, C. 1766 - 1768. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. pt. 1, pp. 1 - 532 [1766]; vol. 3, Appendix pp. 223 - 235 [1768]. 12 th ed. [Vol. 3, Regnum Lapideum, pp. 1 - 222, rejected for nomenclatural purposes, ICZN, opinion 296]. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 3 vols." year="1766">Linnaeus 1766</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="26FEC0BFBA113521C53FC1625DF00C0C" pageNumber="691">
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Subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="3627A060311269C087D9DA6875A3E9AA" authority="Przewalski 1883" authorityName="Przewalski" authorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" pageNumber="691" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="grunniens" subSpecies="mutus">
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<emphasis id="47D5E30D0AE77022F0A76DD67C05749D" italics="true" pageNumber="691">Bos grunniens</emphasis>
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="9CD2D17485D3F06B411CD3C4FF492412" italics="true" pageNumber="691">mutus</emphasis>
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Przewalski 1883
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9DE457966686D667FFCB51D0411F7709" pageNumber="691" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="98598817BC572DC68213ACC74ED5459C" pageNumber="691">
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<emphasis id="25F27072C08F6899043B4F3FB54DE5B9" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="691">Distribution:</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F2A174CAB6D67662FA47D0CFBFB389D2" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="169F9190DC40900B5A5A2C81D86ADD5C" country="China" name="Gansu">Gansu</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="B5C8933D3D4355CC14E2A7CF08353629" country="China" name="Sichuan">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="F7B0FA11A09A9CF9B3A18C4D9DED2E4B" country="China" name="Xinjiang Uygur">Sinkiang</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="6AE53A3B91DE2C09C179702E1051F1E9" country="China" name="Xizang">Tibet</collectingRegion>
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including
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<collectingRegion id="554208538AF6F45990E1F1EBD2AA2B5A" country="China" name="Qinghai">Qinghai</collectingRegion>
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), N
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<collectingCountry id="A33475FF4342926F14C079A8B4CC09CB" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
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(Ladak), and
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<collectingCountry id="012F639D851C967C267D7E2D05B9EB8A" name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
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; apparently in
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<collectingCountry id="9B8A832A46D906636FA99413D1F3413C" name="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="E94F5EFD23DF57CB24CC235C83B7B53A" name="Mongolia">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
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, and S
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<collectingCountry id="058F648770AAA97F2FF15B08EFDB8B24" name="Russia">Russia</collectingCountry>
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(Siberia) until 13th to 18th centuries; domesticated in C Asia; feral in
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<collectingCountry id="EEBD34ADB56136389B9875168FD5C30D" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="2942A5A6D8B131EDC7BAB9FEAAD8EA3E" country="China" name="Nei Mongol">Inner Mongolia</collectingRegion>
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, Helan Mtns (
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<bibRefCitation id="B51F4B6592B083E03258E21AE21990C0" author="Wiener, G. & H. Jianlin & L. Ruijun" refId="ref388670" refString="Wiener, G., H. Jianlin, and L. Ruijun (eds.). 2003. The yak. Second ed. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Bangkok, 460 pp." year="2003">Wiener et al, 2003</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A7DD642B8D42F7C55ED303F6737B8DFC" pageNumber="691" type="conservation">
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<paragraph id="CB0FA13BB60B11A15AE1C9CCDD8EC841" pageNumber="691">
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<emphasis id="95DB662E63DCCE230FC0B650C210D905" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="691">Conservation:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="A20A562A4B7D9FCAC9C8D1F75587B6F5">CITES</collectionCode>
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– Appendix I as
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<taxonomicName id="54CF2A8B89D26924AD67E77F19202A18" baseAuthorityName="Przewalski" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutus">
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<emphasis id="E6D67598D726756261FBB331486FC9E6" italics="true" pageNumber="691">B. mutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(excluding domesticated form);
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<collectingCountry id="DDEEB0D9C5AE48EE5B4B62B29C94CA7A" name="United States of America">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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<collectionCode id="3B8913240DA0F3EDF702FD3FF6FE8330" country="Brazil" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14319" name="Universidade de São Paulo" type="Herbarium">ESA</collectionCode>
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– Endangered as
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<taxonomicName id="8B7271F306FDCBDB556A019AC382DBE5" baseAuthorityName="Przewalski" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutus">
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<emphasis id="7D4D0DC27E1BFA67AE736219AEC476EF" italics="true" pageNumber="691">B. mutus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(=
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<emphasis id="9BFA8EC81ED42182E9A399C342CD9776" italics="true" pageNumber="691">
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<taxonomicName id="1452B36A27822CF575F2FE70F644DDF7" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grunniens">grunniens</taxonomicName>
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m
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</emphasis>
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.);
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<collectionCode id="EA074FA109EE3155ECB1D70D62D91D3C">IUCN</collectionCode>
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– Vulnerable.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="16AD648AEF90BE9FFEE0BE52B05B3CB9" pageNumber="691" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="240F4D18D958CD5407CEAE3005C2A97C" pageNumber="691">
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||
<emphasis id="9CC8BF858BC5E1A9087E1BFE9D02B763" inLineHeading="true" pageNumber="691">Discussion:</emphasis>
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Includes
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<taxonomicName id="C6D5B1D3B2331D12ED30F68C042B08A3" baseAuthorityName="Przewalski" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutus">
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||
<emphasis id="699D0A517AAF95C638DBF5716EAD37BE" italics="true" pageNumber="691">mutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
; but see
|
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<bibRefCitation id="CC130897C9E00A368AA4B78EC7713787" author="Corbet, G. B." refId="ref67548" refString="Corbet, G. B. 1978 c. The mammals of the Palaearctic region: A taxonomic review. British Museum (Natural History), London, 314 pp." year="1978">
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||
Corbet (1978
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<emphasis id="C253BBCB58FB26138871E60531D1DEFB" italics="true" pageNumber="691">c</emphasis>
|
||
:206)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Formerly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5B9E6E7502A7F71A2C98B19572BA536" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Poephagus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87730A1A25DF626FF59D1BF212645314" italics="true" pageNumber="691">Poephagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Reviewed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5292ABDEF3E5BC774B9AF91552DD4061" author="Olsen, S. J." refId="ref266656" refString="Olsen, S. J. 1990. Fossil ancestry of the yak, its cultural significance and domestication in Tibet. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 142: 73 - 100." year="1990">Olsen (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1D88DCEE4B2062BFBE47AF3E708A98F2" author="Gentry, A. & J. Clutton-Brock & C. P. Groves" refId="ref117778" refString="Gentry, A., J. Clutton-Brock, and C. P. Groves. 1996. Case 3010. Proposed conservation of usage of 15 mammal specific names based on wild species which are antedated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 53: 28 - 37." year="1996">Gentry et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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||
proposed that majority usage be confirmed by adoption of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A76514A5C3A863AFA7D6094B72B463D5" baseAuthorityName="Przewalski" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="71383BD26C46789085BC34D8B5EEE67F" italics="true" pageNumber="691">Bos mutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
as the name for the wild taxon of yak, though it has not been demonstrated that most authors have termed the wild yak
|
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<taxonomicName id="76665BEFDF5754A0E40B40D0BCA0F03A" baseAuthorityName="Przewalski" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutus">
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||
<emphasis id="063E854CE62AE0AC27EE9EECBC866298" italics="true" pageNumber="691">B. mutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1FA711AAF0BD9095431D5E0B57499D5" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grunniens">
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||
<emphasis id="4CBD6A165016E3009072CAC5EA4D058C" italics="true" pageNumber="691">B. grunniens</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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(or
|
||
<emphasis id="F16B753CDB24C1D226C340F1ABF7811F" italics="true" pageNumber="691">
|
||
B. g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05162DF0A3B2A942E544F0A80380E78F" baseAuthorityName="Przewalski" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutus">mutus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0AD5AB80B83BD0EC8FF3DA57A5DB2A88" author="Gentry, A. & J. Clutton-Brock & C. P. Groves" refId="ref117778" refString="Gentry, A., J. Clutton-Brock, and C. P. Groves. 1996. Case 3010. Proposed conservation of usage of 15 mammal specific names based on wild species which are antedated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 53: 28 - 37." year="1996">Gentry et al. (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
asked the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to use its plenary powers to rule that the name for this wild species is not invalid by virtue of being antedated by the name based on the domestic form. A ruling has now been made in their favour (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="474F15115D181BB26F8673280BFF4A8D" author="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" refId="ref168639" refString="International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003 a. Opinion 2027. Usage of 17 specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): Conserved. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 60: 81 - 84." year="2003">
|
||
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 2003
|
||
<emphasis id="2F5706415620910974ED0DFFB72158F0" italics="true" pageNumber="691">a</emphasis>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It may still be valid for those who consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="44DC4646ABBEDBD5CDDFA4F6781B5E40" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grunniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="1C4203FAD8B2297322C9FEAF1D77780E" italics="true" pageNumber="691">B. grunniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A34DCF926E23B92F96135A40F22E14A3" baseAuthorityName="Przewalski" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="1D5681BE75AA734C6C0FD55C47E636FF" italics="true" pageNumber="691">B. mutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be conspecific to employ the senior name for the name of the species (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5116AC1A731E2642FF11D63E2823FC5B" author="Bock, W. J." refId="ref34305" refString="Bock, W. J. 1997. Comments on the proposed conservation of usage of 15 mammal specific names based on wild species which are antedated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 54: 124 - 125." year="1997">Bock, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); here
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E31EEC084F4B34F6080C35C7FA4B3B6F" baseAuthorityName="Przewalski" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mutus">
|
||
<emphasis id="304BC6803BE278B82C7EF8EBF5665483" italics="true" pageNumber="691">mutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is provisionally treated as a subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E88212864933BF6C9CC9A876BCB3537" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grunniens">
|
||
<emphasis id="6544B0CC973C4E2311791CC3871494C8" italics="true" pageNumber="691">grunniens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Domestic and wild yaks have identical mitochondrial haplotypes in the gene fragments tested (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FDF1DB911EEA09232EB22AE3D3D0C167" author="Schaller, G. B." refId="ref318775" refString="Schaller, G. B. 1998. Wildlife of the Tibetan Steppe. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 373 pp." year="1998">Schaller, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DB2B9F77AAF819B215A3190F1DC2848" authority="Frick, 1937" authorityName="Frick" authorityYear="1937" class="Mammalia" family="Bovidae" genus="Bos" kingdom="Animalia" order="Artiodactyla" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bunelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="5DFC25D6F5B8E3CF3CD808A299A6D3CB" italics="true" pageNumber="691">Bos bunelli</emphasis>
|
||
Frick, 1937
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not a Pleistocene Alaskan yak but a domestic cow (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="09BF4549EFD5444C47B65EFBBEF0910E" author="Guthrie, R. D." refId="ref135811" refString="Guthrie, R. D. 1990. Frozen fauna of the Mammoth Steppe. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 323 pp." year="1990">Guthrie, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF30D73056953C9DBBBEA8FB4B80E492" author="Olsen, S. J." refId="ref266694" refString="Olsen, S. J. 1991. Confused yak taxonomy and evidence of domestication. Pp. 387 - 393, in Beamers, bobwhites and blue-points. Tributes to the career of Paul W. Parmalee (J. R. Purdue, W. E. Klippel, and B. W. Styles, eds.). Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers, vol. 23, and University of Tennessee, Department of Anthropology Report of Investigations, no. 52. Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois, 436 pp." year="1991">Olsen, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |