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1141 lines
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<mods:title id="D0B33FDE093D7AE52245091DDEDE9BF3">Rediscovery and systematics of Rhinophis fergusonianus Boulenger, 1896 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) from India’s Western Ghats</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="1B700174D43DA766C90D290415E97141">Gower, David J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AAAC084372FC466C38D8F9958F8760AE">Natural History Museum, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. & Department of Zoology, Central University of Kerala, Kerala, 671320, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BF2261CC86AE96F9513ED40AA5DF78C7">Narayanan, Surya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5C1C28082990244CDA28106C43D1EF5F">SM Sehgal Foundation Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Bangalore, Karnataka - 560064, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="572944A1519DDE1BC02546DEBE762EDE">Deepak, V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="920FFD9E9619B1228717BB093898D85C">Natural History Museum, London SW 7 5 BD, UK. & Senckenberg Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany. & University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna St, Wolverhampton WV 1 1 LY, UK.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="B30CBF6E2FD5CC3EF330B4ADF06FE63D">State Forest Training Institute, Kerala Forest Department, Arippa, Kollam, Kerala - 691310, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E65DBF8878A9E209AB00F0614D7063C1">Das, Sandeep</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="89C8771DF4A02B47865C30A3B5B50194">Centre for Research in Emerging Tropical Diseases, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Thenhipalam, Kerala, 673635, India Aranyakam Nature Foundation, Kochi, Kerala, 682037, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="B6EE01D5DD98D8F6B7CC711496B295AF">2023</mods:date>
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<treatment id="1C6687CCBF3D4D07FF24D74FFEF6852B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10249099" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217968446" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10249099" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C6687CCBF3D4D07FF24D74FFEF6852B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C6687CCBF3D4D07FF24D74FFEF6852B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" scope_family="Uropeltidae">
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<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FF24D74FF8A684B3" ID-CoL="4S9KH" authority="Boulenger, 1896" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,666,871,898]" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
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<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FF24D74FFBF684B3" bold="true" box="[151,458,871,898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF3D4D09FE61D74FF8A684B3" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[466,666,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="236" refId="ref8906" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Description of a new earth-snake from Travancore (Rhinophis fergusonianus). The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 10, 236." type="journal article" year="1896">Boulenger, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="947036DABF3D4D09FF24D7A3F82A8497" blockId="2.[151,666,871,933]" box="[151,534,907,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
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<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF3D4D09FF24D7A3FB3E8497" box="[151,258,907,933]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1251,1275]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1065,1089]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,930,954]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionStartId-6="10.[151,250,1624,1648]" captionStartId-7="11.[151,250,1464,1488]" captionStartId-8="13.[151,250,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox-0="[155,1433,474,1369]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,620,1215]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1435,181,1041]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,181,906]" captionTargetBox-4="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,885,1784]" captionTargetBox-6="[178,1402,181,1586]" captionTargetBox-7="[151,1436,1029,1440]" captionTargetBox-8="[155,1431,349,1437]" captionTargetId-0="figure-420@4.[151,1436,470,1376]" captionTargetId-1="figure-197@5.[151,1436,620,1215]" captionTargetId-2="figure-18@6.[151,1435,181,1041]" captionTargetId-3="figure-24@7.[151,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId-4="figure-18@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-5="figure-158@9.[151,1436,885,1784]" captionTargetId-6="figure-18@10.[177,1410,181,1601]" captionTargetId-7="figure-462@11.[151,1436,1029,1440]" captionTargetId-8="figure-110@13.[151,1435,345,1441]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionTargetPageId-7="11" captionTargetPageId-8="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Map showing localities for Indian species of the uropeltid snake genus Rhinophis in southwestern peninsular India. Smaller-scale map shows type localities for the six currently recognised Indian species; though note that the type locality for R. fergusonianus is the vague “Cardamom Hills”, delineated by the red frame based on Meyer et al. (1908–1931). The larger-scale, inset map shows verified localities for the four species occurring in the Nilgiri-Wayanad and Anamalai regions of the Western Ghats (see also Sampaio et al. 2020)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Holotype (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, formerly 95.7.29.1) and previously only known specimen of Rhinophis fergusonianus. Scale bar increments 1 mm. Photographs by H. Taylor." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Illustration of Rhinophis fergusonianus reproduced from Boulenger’s (1896) original description of the species." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. BNHS 3687, one of the newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus from the northern edge of the Palghat Gap. Scale bar increments 1 mm. Photographs by H. Taylor." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Three of the newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus from localities on the northern edge of the Palghat Gap in approximately dorsal (left column) and ventral (right) views: A & B, BNHS 3689; C & D, BNHS 3690; E &F, BNHS 3755. Scale bars 10 mm. Photographs by S. Narayanan." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Three of the newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus from localities on the northern edge of the Palghat Gap: A, BNHS 3690; B, BNHS 3689; C, BNHS 3755. From left to right, heads in dorsal, ventral, right lateral and left lateral views; tails in dorsal, ventral, left lateral and right lateral views. Scale bars 5 mm. Photographs by S. Narayanan." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. BNHS 3691, a newly referred specimen of Rhinophis fergusonianus from South of the Palghat Gap, in dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) views. Total length of specimen is ca.440 mm. Photographs by S. Das." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Rhinophis fergusonianus in life. Left, BNHS 3689 (ca. 420 mm total length); right, BNHS 3691 (ca. 440 mm). Photographs by S. Das." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogeny for Rhinophis. Numbers on internal branches are Bayesian posterior probability/ML bootstrap support values. See Appendix 1 for data sources. Based on analysis of data available at https://data. nhm.ac.uk/dataset/gower_fergusonianus (https://doi.org/10.5519/95s2p6kx)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144989" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144991" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144993" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144995" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144997" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144999" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10145001" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10145003" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10145005" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10144989/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10144991/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10144993/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10144995/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10144997/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/10144999/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/10145001/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/10145003/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/10145005/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Figs. 1–9</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="D94D0361BF3D4D09FEBED7A3FBB58497" box="[269,393,907,933]" captionStart-0="TABLE 1" captionStart-1="TABLE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,239,151,175]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,239,1137,1161]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="TABLE 1. Meristic and metric data for holotype (*) and only other known, six newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus. Measures given in mm. SL4 = fourth supralabial; DSR1 = first dorsal scale row; hyphen (-) indicates shortest distance between two points. Data for holotype from Cyriac et al. (2020), except for number of small scales overlapped by anal shields. Paired scale counts given in left, right order. Data recorded by DJG (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, BNHS 3687 and BNHS 3688) and SN (other four specimens)." captionText-1="TABLE 2. Uncorrected p-distances (%) for intra- and interspecific comparisons for Indian Rhinophis with 15 dorsal scale rows at or slightly behind midbody, for one nuclear (prlr) and three mitochondrial genes (12s, 16s, nd4). Values are means, with ranges in parentheses, and number of pairwise comparisons in square brackets. Distances are based on the alignment available at https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/gower_fergusonianus (https://doi.org/10.5519/95s2p6kx)." httpUri-0="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" httpUri-1="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" tableUuid-0="C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" tableUuid-1="C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7">Tables 1–2</tableCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF3D4D09FE20D7A3F82A8497" box="[403,534,907,933]" captionStart="APPENDIX 1" captionStartId="16.[151,303,489,517]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="APPENDIX 1. GenBank accession codes for samples included in DNA-sequence analyses. See Sampaio et al. (2023) for additional details." pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Appendix 1</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="947036DABF3D4D09FF24D7ECF8B984EE" blockId="2.[151,645,964,988]" box="[151,645,964,988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
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<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FF24D7ECFB1E84E9" box="[151,290,964,988]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FF24D7ECFAC284EE" box="[151,254,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Rhinophis</emphasis>
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sp.
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(Attappadi):
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<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF3D4D09FE19D7ECF8B984EE" author="Sampaio, F. L. & Day, J. J. & Wickramasinghe, L. J. M. & Cyriac, V. P. & Papadopoulou, A. & Brace, S. & Rajendran, A. & Simon-Nutbrown, C. & Flouris, T. & Kapli, P. & Vidanapathirana, D. R. & Kotharambath, R. & Kodandaramaiah, U. & Gower, D. J." box="[426,645,964,988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="107651" refId="ref10098" refString="Sampaio, F. L., Day, J. J., Wickramasinghe, L. J. M., Cyriac, V. P., Papadopoulou, A., Brace, S., Rajendran, A., Simon-Nutbrown, C., Flouris, T., Kapli, P., Vidanapathirana, D. R., Kotharambath, R., Kodandaramaiah, U. & Gower, D. J. (2023) A nearcomplete species-level phylogeny of uropeltid snakes harnessing historical museum collections as a DNA source. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution, 178, 107651. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2022.107651" type="journal article" year="2023">
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Sampaio
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<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FDBAD7ECF80984EE" box="[521,565,964,988]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">et al</emphasis>
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. (2023)
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</bibRefCitation>
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<typeStatus id="4B748878BF3D4D09FF24D029FB388329" box="[151,260,1025,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF3D4D09FEA2D028FB628329" box="[273,350,1024,1051]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1251,1275]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,620,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-197@5.[151,1436,620,1215]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, formerly 95.7.29.1) and previously only known specimen of Rhinophis fergusonianus. Scale bar increments 1 mm. Photographs by H. Taylor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF3D4D09FED4D029FB4B8329" box="[359,375,1025,1051]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1065,1089]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1041]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1435,181,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Illustration of Rhinophis fergusonianus reproduced from Boulenger’s (1896) original description of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144993/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">3</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="D94D0361BF3D4D09FE32D028FBED8329" box="[385,465,1024,1051]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Meristic and metric data for holotype (*) and only other known, six newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus. Measures given in mm. SL4 = fourth supralabial; DSR1 = first dorsal scale row; hyphen (-) indicates shortest distance between two points. Data for holotype from Cyriac et al. (2020), except for number of small scales overlapped by anal shields. Paired scale counts given in left, right order. Data recorded by DJG (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, BNHS 3687 and BNHS 3688) and SN (other four specimens)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" tableUuid="C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2DEAE1FBF3D4D09FE54D029F8078329" box="[487,571,1025,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
1946.1.16.77 (formerly
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2DEAE1FBF3D4D09FCF4D029F9A78329" box="[839,923,1025,1051]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
95.7.29.1), female. Collected from Cardamom Hills by J.S. Sealy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF3D4D09FEC7D00CF811830C" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[372,557,1060,1086]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="236" refId="ref8906" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Description of a new earth-snake from Travancore (Rhinophis fergusonianus). The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 10, 236." type="journal article" year="1896">Boulenger 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), sometime between 1888 and
|
||
<date id="E071101ABF3D4D09FC34D00DFE24830D" box="[903,1048,1060,1087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" value="1895-07-18">18 July 1895</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF3D4D09FB95D00DFEEF830D" author="Ferguson, H. S." box="[1062,1235,1060,1087]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="68 - 77" refId="ref9054" refString="Ferguson, H. S. (1895) List of snakes taken in Travancore from 1888 to 1895. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 10, 68 - 77." type="journal article" year="1895">Ferguson 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3D4D09FF74D060FBE082F9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1024,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FF74D060F83E8350" bold="true" box="[199,514,1096,1123]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Referred specimens (n = 6)</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24A73C87BF3D4D09FDB4D061FBF48399" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4442262303" collectionCode="BNHS, MW" collectorName="Oommen" country="India" elevation="130" latitude="11.03" location="Annamooli" longLatPrecision="558" longitude="76.513" municipality="Palakkad district" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="BNHS 3687, MW1609" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCode id="C4699EA1BF3D4D09FDB4D061F8B38350" box="[519,655,1096,1123]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">BNHS 3687</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tag:
|
||
<specimenCode id="C4699EA1BF3D4D09FCB5D060F9498350" box="[774,885,1096,1122]" collectionCode="MW" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">MW1609</specimenCode>
|
||
), female. Collected from
|
||
<locationDeviation id="85C22FF8BF3D4D09FB3FD060FB3483B4" firstLocation="Mannarkad" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" secondLocation="Attapaddi">between Mannarkad and Attapaddi</locationDeviation>
|
||
, west of the
|
||
<location id="91106001BF3D4D09FE2AD044F82B83B4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C6687CCBF3D4D07FF24D74FFEF6852B:91106001BF3D4D09FE2AD044F82B83B4" box="[409,535,1132,1158]" country="India" latitude="11.03" longLatPrecision="558" longitude="76.513" municipality="Palakkad district" name="Annamooli" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Kerala">Annamooli</location>
|
||
check post,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7414ACA0BF3D4D09FD15D044F95A83B4" box="[678,870,1132,1158]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Palakkad district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="560BF838BF3D4D09FCC1D044F98383B4" box="[882,959,1132,1158]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECD8764ABF3D4D09FC7FD044FE3A83B4" box="[972,1030,1132,1158]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1FB501DBF3D4D09FBA5D045FEBC83B5" box="[1046,1152,1133,1159]" degrees="11.03" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" precision="555" value="11.03">11.03° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1FB501DBF3D4D09FB3FD044FF3C83B5" box="[1164,1280,1132,1159]" degrees="76.513" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" precision="55" value="76.513">76.513° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; elevation ca.
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3D4D09FF24D0B9FADE8399" box="[151,226,1169,1195]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="130.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1FE2D1E9BF3D4D09FF24D0B9FADE8399" box="[151,226,1169,1195]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="130.0">130 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF3D4D09FF5FD0B8FB128399" box="[236,302,1168,1195]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1251,1275]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,620,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-197@5.[151,1436,620,1215]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, formerly 95.7.29.1) and previously only known specimen of Rhinophis fergusonianus. Scale bar increments 1 mm. Photographs by H. Taylor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) by
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FED3D0B9FBF48399" box="[352,456,1169,1195]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Oommen</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24A73C87BF3D4D09FE7DD0B9FE2F8399" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4442262306" box="[462,1043,1168,1195]" collectionCode="V" collectorName="August" country="India" location="Oommen" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<collectionCode id="F2DEAE1FBF3D4D09FE7DD0B9FBDE8399" box="[462,482,1169,1195]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<location id="91106001BF3D4D09FE5FD0B9F8688399" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C6687CCBF3D4D07FF24D74FFEF6852B:91106001BF3D4D09FE5FD0B9F8688399" box="[492,596,1169,1195]" country="India" name="Oommen" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Kerala">Oommen</location>
|
||
and field assistants on 22
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FCCBD0B9F9F08399" box="[888,972,1169,1195]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">August</collectorName>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24A73C87BF3D4D09FBAED0B9FB2A8224" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4442262305" collectionCode="BNHS, MW" collectorName="August" country="India" location="Attapaddi" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="BNHS 3688, MW1476, MW1477" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCode id="C4699EA1BF3D4D09FBAED0B9FE9A8398" box="[1053,1190,1168,1195]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">BNHS 3688</specimenCode>
|
||
(field tag:
|
||
<specimenCode id="C4699EA1BF3D4D09FA92D0B8FFAD8398" box="[1313,1425,1168,1194]" collectionCode="MW" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">MW1476</specimenCode>
|
||
), female, same collection data as holotype; specimen lacks head and anteriormost end of body; DNA-sequence data for this specimen were reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF3D4D09FD83D0F0F91F83C1" author="Sampaio, F. L. & Day, J. J. & Wickramasinghe, L. J. M. & Cyriac, V. P. & Papadopoulou, A. & Brace, S. & Rajendran, A. & Simon-Nutbrown, C. & Flouris, T. & Kapli, P. & Vidanapathirana, D. R. & Kotharambath, R. & Kodandaramaiah, U. & Gower, D. J." box="[560,803,1240,1267]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" pagination="107651" refId="ref10098" refString="Sampaio, F. L., Day, J. J., Wickramasinghe, L. J. M., Cyriac, V. P., Papadopoulou, A., Brace, S., Rajendran, A., Simon-Nutbrown, C., Flouris, T., Kapli, P., Vidanapathirana, D. R., Kotharambath, R., Kodandaramaiah, U. & Gower, D. J. (2023) A nearcomplete species-level phylogeny of uropeltid snakes harnessing historical museum collections as a DNA source. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution, 178, 107651. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2022.107651" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
Sampaio
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FD28D0F1F8F283C0" box="[667,718,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: reported as tissue sample
|
||
<specimenCode id="C4699EA1BF3D4D09FBE4D0F1FEF883C1" box="[1111,1220,1241,1267]" collectionCode="MW" country="Netherlands" name="Museum Wasmann" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">MW1477</specimenCode>
|
||
) as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FAB1D0F0FFA083C1" box="[1282,1436,1240,1267]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FAB1D0F0FF4883C0" box="[1282,1396,1240,1266]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Rhinophis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<location id="91106001BF3D4D09FF24D0D4FB308224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C6687CCBF3D4D07FF24D74FFEF6852B:91106001BF3D4D09FF24D0D4FB308224" box="[151,268,1276,1302]" name="Attapaddi" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Attapaddi</location>
|
||
”
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24A73C87BF3D4D09FE92D0D5FBE18224" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4442262301" box="[289,477,1276,1303]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="BNHS 3689" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCode id="C4699EA1BF3D4D09FE92D0D5FB918224" box="[289,429,1276,1303]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">BNHS 3689</specimenCode>
|
||
and
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24A73C87BF3D4D09FE55D0D5FF748209" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4442262302" collectionCode="BNHS" collectorName="Sandeep Das & Muhammed Anvar" country="India" elevation="62" latitude="11.235" location="Chathalloor village" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="76.12" municipality="Mallapuram district" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="BNHS 3690" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCode id="C4699EA1BF3D4D09FE55D0D5F8488224" box="[486,628,1276,1303]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">BNHS 3690</specimenCode>
|
||
, (both female) collected from
|
||
<location id="91106001BF3D4D09FC7DD0D4FE968224" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C6687CCBF3D4D07FF24D74FFEF6852B:91106001BF3D4D09FC7DD0D4FE968224" box="[974,1194,1276,1302]" country="India" latitude="11.235" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="76.12" municipality="Mallapuram district" name="Chathalloor village" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Kerala">Chathalloor village</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7414ACA0BF3D4D09FB05D0D4FFA48224" box="[1206,1432,1276,1302]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Mallapuram district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="560BF838BF3D4D09FF24D108FAD88208" box="[151,228,1312,1338]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECD8764ABF3D4D09FF43D108FB168208" box="[240,298,1312,1338]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1FB501DBF3D4D09FE8BD108FB928209" box="[312,430,1312,1339]" degrees="11.235" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" precision="55" value="11.235">11.235° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1FB501DBF3D4D09FE0AD108F8108209" box="[441,556,1312,1339]" degrees="76.120" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" precision="55" value="76.12">76.120° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<elevation id="1FE2D1E9BF3D4D09FD8BD108F8AB8208" box="[568,663,1312,1339]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="62.0">
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3D4D09FD8BD108F84C8209" box="[568,624,1312,1339]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="62.0">62 m</quantity>
|
||
asl
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
) by
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FD7AD108F9668209" box="[713,858,1312,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Sandeep Das</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FC23D108FE5E8209" box="[912,1122,1312,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Muhammed Anvar</collectorName>
|
||
on 28
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FB1ED109FF3D8209" box="[1197,1281,1313,1339]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">August</collectorName>
|
||
, 2022
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24A73C87BF3D4D09FAE2D109FE9482B1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4442262307" collectingDate="2022-10-06" collectionCode="BNHS" collectorName="Siddharth Sasidharan & Muhammed Anvar" country="India" elevation="140" latitude="11.032" location="Aanamooli" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="76.522" municipality="Mannarkad district" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="BNHS 3755" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCode id="C4699EA1BF3D4D09FAE2D109FAEE826D" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">BNHS 3755</specimenCode>
|
||
, a fresh roadkill male collected near the
|
||
<location id="91106001BF3D4D09FD29D16CF92A826C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C6687CCBF3D4D07FF24D74FFEF6852B:91106001BF3D4D09FD29D16CF92A826C" box="[666,790,1348,1374]" country="India" latitude="11.032" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="76.522" municipality="Mannarkad district" name="Aanamooli" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Kerala">Aanamooli</location>
|
||
checkpost,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7414ACA0BF3D4D09FC2FD16CFE48826C" box="[924,1140,1348,1374]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Mannarkad district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="560BF838BF3D4D09FBCCD16CFEF0826C" box="[1151,1228,1348,1374]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ECD8764ABF3D4D09FB6BD16CFF2E826C" box="[1240,1298,1348,1374]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1FB501DBF3D4D09FA92D16DFFA4826D" box="[1313,1432,1349,1375]" degrees="11.032" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" precision="55" value="11.032">11.032° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1FB501DBF3D4D09FF24D140FB3082B1" box="[151,268,1384,1411]" degrees="76.522" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" precision="55" value="76.522">76.522° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
; ca.
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3D4D09FEF0D141FBB182B1" box="[323,397,1385,1411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="140.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1FE2D1E9BF3D4D09FEF0D141FBB182B1" box="[323,397,1385,1411]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) by
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FE77D140F88982B0" box="[452,693,1384,1410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Siddharth Sasidharan</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FD5CD140F9F882B1" box="[751,964,1384,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Muhammed Anvar</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="E071101ABF3D4D09FC41D140FE9482B1" box="[1010,1192,1384,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" value="2022-10-06">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F035E9F2BF3D4D09FC41D140FE9482B1" box="[1010,1192,1384,1411]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" value="2022-10-06">6 October 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="24A73C87BF3D4D09FB07D141FBE482F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4442262304" collectionCode="BNHS" collectorName="Sandeep Das & Muhammed Anvar" country="India" elevation="66" latitude="10.129" location="Thattekad" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="76.687" municipality="Ernakulam district" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" specimenCode="BNHS 3691" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<specimenCode id="C4699EA1BF3D4D09FB07D141FF7F82B0" box="[1204,1347,1384,1411]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">BNHS 3691</specimenCode>
|
||
, female collected from
|
||
<location id="91106001BF3D4D09FE8DD1A4FB8D8294" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1C6687CCBF3D4D07FF24D74FFEF6852B:91106001BF3D4D09FE8DD1A4FB8D8294" box="[318,433,1420,1446]" country="India" latitude="10.129" longLatPrecision="77" longitude="76.687" municipality="Ernakulam district" name="Thattekad" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" stateProvince="Kerala">Thattekad</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="7414ACA0BF3D4D09FE08D1A4F8B18294" box="[443,653,1420,1446]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Ernakulam district</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="560BF838BF3D4D09FD24D1A4F8DE8294" box="[663,738,1420,1446]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1FB501DBF3D4D09FD5CD1A5F95C8295" box="[751,864,1421,1447]" degrees="10.129" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" precision="55" value="10.129">10.129°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1FB501DBF3D4D09FCD9D1A4F9EF8294" box="[874,979,1420,1446]" degrees="76.687" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" precision="55" value="76.687">76.687°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3D4D09FC54D1A4FE1C8295" box="[999,1056,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="66.0">
|
||
<elevation id="1FE2D1E9BF3D4D09FC54D1A4FE1C8295" box="[999,1056,1420,1447]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="66.0">66 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
) by
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FBE3D1A4FEDD8295" box="[1104,1249,1420,1447]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Sandeep Das</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FAA6D1A4FAE182F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Muhammed Anvar</collectorName>
|
||
on 4
|
||
<collectorName id="393A530CBF3D4D09FEAFD198FBAD82F8" box="[284,401,1456,1482]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">December</collectorName>
|
||
, 2022
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3D4D09FF74D1FCFF178001" blockId="2.[151,1437,1024,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FF74D1FCFBA382DC" bold="true" box="[199,415,1492,1518]" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Revised diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FE17D1FCF88482DD" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[420,696,1492,1519]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FE17D1FCF88482DD" box="[420,696,1492,1519]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FBA5D1FCFEB482DC" authorityName="Hemprich" authorityYear="1920" box="[1046,1160,1492,1518]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FBA5D1FCFEB482DC" box="[1046,1160,1492,1518]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Rhinophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FB69D1FDFB6E8120" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FB69D1FDFFA582DC" authorityName="Sampaio, Narayanan, Cyriac, Venu & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[1242,1433,1492,1518]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karinthandani">R. karinthandani</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FF24D1D1FB6E8120" authorityName="Cyriac, Narayanan, Sampaio, Umesh & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,338,1528,1554]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">R. melanoleucus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FE27D1D1F8978120" authority="Beddome" authorityName="Beddome" box="[404,683,1528,1554]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FE27D1D1F80F8120" box="[404,563,1529,1554]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
|
||
Beddome
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 186
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3D4D09FD51D1D1F9338120" box="[738,783,1528,1555]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="in" value="3.0">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FD51D1D1F8CC8121" box="[738,752,1529,1555]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">3</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
having 15 dorsal scale rows at (or just behind) midbody (versus 17 or
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3D4D09FE81D235FB578104" box="[306,363,1564,1591]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.826" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="in" value="19.0">19 in</quantity>
|
||
other congeners). Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FD62D235F9B68104" authorityName="Cyriac, Narayanan, Sampaio, Umesh & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[721,906,1564,1590]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FD62D235F9B68104" box="[721,906,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">R. melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having fewer ventrals (<198 versus> 217). Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FE9FD269FBF58168" box="[300,457,1601,1626]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FE9FD269FBF58168" box="[300,457,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in lacking a vivid red venter in life, and in having more and larger dark patches on the venter. Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FE31D24DF87E814C" authorityName="Sampaio, Narayanan, Cyriac, Venu & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[386,578,1636,1662]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karinthandani">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FE31D24DF87E814C" box="[386,578,1636,1662]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">R. karinthandani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in tending to have fewer ventrals (183–197 versus 189–205), in tending to have more subcaudals in females (5, 6 or 7 versus 5) and perhaps also in males (8 or
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3D4D09FB8FD2A1FE5A8190" box="[1084,1126,1672,1699]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="in" value="9.0">9 in</quantity>
|
||
only known male specimen versus 6–8), and also in tending to have larger dark blotches on the venter in irregular, staggered, transverse half-bands (forming an irregular zigzag) versus smaller dark spots. Some specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FC5ED2F9FE9581D8" authorityName="Sampaio, Narayanan, Cyriac, Venu & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[1005,1193,1744,1770]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karinthandani">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FC5ED2F9FE9581D8" box="[1005,1193,1744,1770]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">R. karinthandani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3D4D09FB52D2F9FFA081D9" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[1249,1436,1745,1771]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3D4D09FB52D2F9FFA081D9" box="[1249,1436,1745,1771]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">R. fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are superficially similar, though the former is known only from higher elevation localities (ca.
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3D4D09FB76D2DDFF7A803D" box="[1221,1350,1781,1807]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="850.0" valueMax="900.0" valueMin="800.0">800–900 m</quantity>
|
||
) on the Wayanad Plateau, and the latter from lower elevations (<
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3D4D09FCA7D330F9608001" box="[788,860,1816,1843]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
) on the edges of the Palghat Gap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF3D4D09FB6AD330FF268001" box="[1241,1306,1816,1843]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,474,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-420@4.[151,1436,470,1376]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing localities for Indian species of the uropeltid snake genus Rhinophis in southwestern peninsular India. Smaller-scale map shows type localities for the six currently recognised Indian species; though note that the type locality for R. fergusonianus is the vague “Cardamom Hills”, delineated by the red frame based on Meyer et al. (1908–1931). The larger-scale, inset map shows verified localities for the four species occurring in the Nilgiri-Wayanad and Anamalai regions of the Western Ghats (see also Sampaio et al. 2020)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144989/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="76">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" ID-Table-UUID="C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" startId="3.[151,239,151,175]" targetBox="[163,1417,336,1384]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="3" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FF24D4BFFB37879D" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Meristic and metric data for holotype (*) and only other known, six newly referred specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3C4D08FA83D4BFFB1187E6" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FA83D4BFFB1187E6" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Measures given in mm. SL4 = fourth supralabial; DSR1 = first dorsal scale row; hyphen (-) indicates shortest distance between two points. Data for holotype from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF3C4D08FCF3D4F7FE2787CA" author="Cyriac, V. P. & Narayanan, S. & Sampaio, F. L. & Umesh, P. & Gower, D. J." box="[832,1051,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="329 - 342" refId="ref8940" refString="Cyriac, V. P., Narayanan, S., Sampaio, F. L., Umesh, P. & Gower, D. J. (2020) A new species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae) from the Wayanad region of peninsular India. Zootaxa, 4778 (2), 329 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4778.2.5" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Cyriac
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FC23D4C8F9F587C5" box="[912,969,223,247]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, except for number of small scales overlapped by anal shields. Paired scale counts given in left, right order. Data recorded by DJG (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, BNHS 3687 and BNHS 3688) and SN (other four specimens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3C4D08FDCBD578FF4F825A" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<table id="E6CFC47ABF3CB2F4FF10D578FFB5825A" box="[163,1417,336,1384]" gridcols="8" gridrows="25" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D578FFB58690" box="[163,1417,336,418]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD578F8ED8690" box="[632,721,336,418]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">*BMNH 1946.1. 16.77</th>
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D578F9038690" box="[763,831,336,418]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">BNHS 3687</th>
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D578F98A8690" box="[882,950,336,418]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">BNHS 3688</th>
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD578FE118690" box="[1001,1069,336,418]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">BNHS 3689</th>
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED578FE9D8690" box="[1117,1185,336,418]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">BNHS 3690</th>
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D578FF298690" box="[1233,1301,336,418]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">BNHS 3755</th>
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D578FFB58690" box="[1349,1417,336,418]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">BNHS 3691</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D59BFFB586F9" box="[163,1417,435,459]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D59BF86986F9" box="[163,597,435,459]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Sex</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD59BF8ED86F9" box="[632,721,435,459]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">F</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D59BF90386F9" box="[763,831,435,459]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">F</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D59BF98A86F9" box="[882,950,435,459]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">F</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD59BFE1186F9" box="[1001,1069,435,459]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">F</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED59BFE9D86F9" box="[1117,1185,435,459]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">F</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D59BFF2986F9" box="[1233,1301,435,459]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">M</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D59BFFB586F9" box="[1349,1417,435,459]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">F</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D5F3FFB586C1" box="[163,1417,475,499]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D5F3F86986C1" box="[163,597,475,499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Total length</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD5F3F8ED86C1" box="[632,721,475,499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">323</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D5F3F90386C1" box="[763,831,475,499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">236</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D5F3F98A86C1" box="[882,950,475,499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">>160</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD5F3FE1186C1" box="[1001,1069,475,499]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">422</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED5F3FE9D86C1" box="[1117,1185,475,499]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">472</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D5F3FF2986C1" box="[1233,1301,475,499]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">276</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D5F3FFB586C1" box="[1349,1417,475,499]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">436</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D62BFFB58529" box="[163,1417,515,539]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D62BF8698529" box="[163,597,515,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Tail length</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD62BF8ED8529" box="[632,721,515,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">9.8</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D62BF9038529" box="[763,831,515,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">7.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D62BF98A8529" box="[882,950,515,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.6</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD62BFE118529" box="[1001,1069,515,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">14.6</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED62BFE9D8529" box="[1117,1185,515,539]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">14.3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D62BFF298529" box="[1233,1301,515,539]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">14.0</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D62BFFB58529" box="[1349,1417,515,539]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">12.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D603FFB58576" box="[163,1417,555,580]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D603F8698576" box="[163,597,555,580]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Midbody width</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD603F8ED8576" box="[632,721,555,580]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">7.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D603F9038576" box="[763,831,555,580]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D603F98A8576" box="[882,950,555,580]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD603FE118576" box="[1001,1069,555,580]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">11.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED603FE9D8576" box="[1117,1185,555,580]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">13</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D603FF298576" box="[1233,1301,555,580]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.6</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D603FFB58576" box="[1349,1417,555,580]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">8.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D67CFFB5855E" box="[163,1417,596,620]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D67CF869855E" box="[163,597,596,620]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Midbody circumference</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD67CF8ED855E" box="[632,721,596,620]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">23</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D67CF903855E" box="[763,831,596,620]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">23</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D67CF98A855E" box="[882,950,596,620]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">ca. 17</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD67CFE11855E" box="[1001,1069,596,620]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">37</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED67CFE9D855E" box="[1117,1185,596,620]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">39</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D67CFF29855E" box="[1233,1301,596,620]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">26</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D67CFFB5855E" box="[1349,1417,596,620]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">36</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D654FFB585A6" box="[163,1417,636,660]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D654F86985A6" box="[163,597,636,660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Snout tip-posterior edge SL4 (head length)</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD654F8ED85A6" box="[632,721,636,660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">7.8</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D654F90385A6" box="[763,831,636,660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D654F98A85A6" box="[882,950,636,660]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD654FE1185A6" box="[1001,1069,636,660]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">11.6</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED654FE9D85A6" box="[1117,1185,636,660]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">11.3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D654FF2985A6" box="[1233,1301,636,660]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D654FFB585A6" box="[1349,1417,636,660]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">8.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D68CFFB5858E" box="[163,1417,676,700]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D68CF869858E" box="[163,597,676,700]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Head width at posterior edge SL4</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD68CF8ED858E" box="[632,721,676,700]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D68CF903858E" box="[763,831,676,700]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D68CF98A858E" box="[882,950,676,700]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD68CFE11858E" box="[1001,1069,676,700]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">7.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED68CFE9D858E" box="[1117,1185,676,700]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">8.9</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D68CFF29858E" box="[1233,1301,676,700]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D68CFFB5858E" box="[1349,1417,676,700]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">5.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D6E4FFB585D6" box="[163,1417,716,740]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D6E4F86985D6" box="[163,597,716,740]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Maximum rostral length</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD6E4F8ED85D6" box="[632,721,716,740]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D6E4F90385D6" box="[763,831,716,740]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">1.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D6E4F98A85D6" box="[882,950,716,740]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD6E4FE1185D6" box="[1001,1069,716,740]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED6E4FE9D85D6" box="[1117,1185,716,740]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D6E4FF2985D6" box="[1233,1301,716,740]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D6E4FFB585D6" box="[1349,1417,716,740]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D6DDFFB5843F" box="[163,1417,757,781]" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D6DDF869843F" box="[163,597,757,781]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Rostral-frontal</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD6DDF8ED843F" box="[632,721,757,781]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D6DDF903843F" box="[763,831,757,781]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D6DDF98A843F" box="[882,950,757,781]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD6DDFE11843F" box="[1001,1069,757,781]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED6DDFE9D843F" box="[1117,1185,757,781]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">0.8</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D6DDFF29843F" box="[1233,1301,757,781]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D6DDFFB5843F" box="[1349,1417,757,781]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">0.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D735FFB58407" box="[163,1417,797,821]" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D735F8698407" box="[163,597,797,821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Frontal length</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD735F8ED8407" box="[632,721,797,821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D735F9038407" box="[763,831,797,821]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D735F98A8407" box="[882,950,797,821]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD735FE118407" box="[1001,1069,797,821]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED735FE9D8407" box="[1117,1185,797,821]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.0</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D735FF298407" box="[1233,1301,797,821]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D735FFB58407" box="[1349,1417,797,821]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D76DFFB5846F" box="[163,1417,837,861]" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D76DF869846F" box="[163,597,837,861]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Frontal width</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD76DF8ED846F" box="[632,721,837,861]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D76DF903846F" box="[763,831,837,861]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">1.9</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D76DF98A846F" box="[882,950,837,861]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD76DFE11846F" box="[1001,1069,837,861]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.6</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED76DFE9D846F" box="[1117,1185,837,861]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D76DFF29846F" box="[1233,1301,837,861]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D76DFFB5846F" box="[1349,1417,837,861]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D745FFB584B7" box="[163,1417,877,901]" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D745F86984B7" box="[163,597,877,901]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Snout tip-eye</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD745F8ED84B7" box="[632,721,877,901]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D745F90384B7" box="[763,831,877,901]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.9</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D745F98A84B7" box="[882,950,877,901]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD745FE1184B7" box="[1001,1069,877,901]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">5.9</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED745FE9D84B7" box="[1117,1185,877,901]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D745FF2984B7" box="[1233,1301,877,901]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.5</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D745FFB584B7" box="[1349,1417,877,901]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D7BDFFB5849C" box="[163,1417,917,942]" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D7BDF869849C" box="[163,597,917,942]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Ventral scale width at midbody</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD7BDF8ED849C" box="[632,721,917,942]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D7BDF903849C" box="[763,831,917,942]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D7BDF98A849C" box="[882,950,917,942]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD7BDFE11849C" box="[1001,1069,917,942]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED7BDFE9D849C" box="[1117,1185,917,942]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D7BDFF29849C" box="[1233,1301,917,942]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D7BDFFB5849C" box="[1349,1417,917,942]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D796FFB584E4" box="[163,1417,958,982]" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D796F86984E4" box="[163,597,958,982]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">DSR1 scale width at midbody</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD796F8ED84E4" box="[632,721,958,982]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D796F90384E4" box="[763,831,958,982]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D796F98A84E4" box="[882,950,958,982]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">1.5</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD796FE1184E4" box="[1001,1069,958,982]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED796FE9D84E4" box="[1117,1185,958,982]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D796FF2984E4" box="[1233,1301,958,982]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D796FFB584E4" box="[1349,1417,958,982]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D7CEFFB584CC" box="[163,1417,998,1022]" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D7CEF86984CC" box="[163,597,998,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Tail shield width at base</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD7CEF8ED84CC" box="[632,721,998,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D7CEF90384CC" box="[763,831,998,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D7CEF98A84CC" box="[882,950,998,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD7CEFE1184CC" box="[1001,1069,998,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.8</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED7CEFE9D84CC" box="[1117,1185,998,1022]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D7CEFF2984CC" box="[1233,1301,998,1022]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D7CEFFB584CC" box="[1349,1417,998,1022]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D026FFB58314" box="[163,1417,1038,1062]" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D026F8698314" box="[163,597,1038,1062]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Tail shield height at base</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD026F8ED8314" box="[632,721,1038,1062]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">8.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D026F9038314" box="[763,831,1038,1062]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D026F98A8314" box="[882,950,1038,1062]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD026FE118314" box="[1001,1069,1038,1062]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED026FE9D8314" box="[1117,1185,1038,1062]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D026FF298314" box="[1233,1301,1038,1062]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D026FFB58314" box="[1349,1417,1038,1062]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D01EFFB5837D" box="[163,1417,1078,1103]" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D01EF869837D" box="[163,597,1078,1103]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Tail shield middorsal length</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD01EF8ED837D" box="[632,721,1078,1103]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">8.5</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D01EF903837D" box="[763,831,1078,1103]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D01EF98A837D" box="[882,950,1078,1103]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD01EFE11837D" box="[1001,1069,1078,1103]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">12.3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED01EFE9D837D" box="[1117,1185,1078,1103]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">12.4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D01EFF29837D" box="[1233,1301,1078,1103]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">7.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D01EFFB5837D" box="[1349,1417,1078,1103]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">11.2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D077FFB58345" box="[163,1417,1119,1143]" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D077F8698345" box="[163,597,1119,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Tail shield midventral length</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD077F8ED8345" box="[632,721,1119,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D077F9038345" box="[763,831,1119,1143]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">1.3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D077F98A8345" box="[882,950,1119,1143]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD077FE118345" box="[1001,1069,1119,1143]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.9</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED077FE9D8345" box="[1117,1185,1119,1143]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3.2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D077FF298345" box="[1233,1301,1119,1143]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D077FFB58345" box="[1349,1417,1119,1143]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D0AFFFB583AD" box="[163,1417,1159,1183]" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D0AFF86983AD" box="[163,597,1159,1183]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Ventral scales</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD0AFF8ED83AD" box="[632,721,1159,1183]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">195</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D0AFF90383AD" box="[763,831,1159,1183]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">186</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D0AFF98A83AD" box="[882,950,1159,1183]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">>156</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD0AFFE1183AD" box="[1001,1069,1159,1183]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">194</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED0AFFE9D83AD" box="[1117,1185,1159,1183]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">192</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D0AFFF2983AD" box="[1233,1301,1159,1183]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">183</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D0AFFFB583AD" box="[1349,1417,1159,1183]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">197</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D087FFB583F5" box="[163,1417,1199,1223]" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D087F86983F5" box="[163,597,1199,1223]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Subcaudal scales (number unpaired)</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD087F8ED83F5" box="[632,721,1199,1223]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">5,5 (1)</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D087F90383F5" box="[763,831,1199,1223]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">7,6 (1)</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D087F98A83F5" box="[882,950,1199,1223]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6,6 (0)</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD087FE1183F5" box="[1001,1069,1199,1223]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6,7 (0)</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED087FE9D83F5" box="[1117,1185,1199,1223]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">6,7 (0)</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D087FF2983F5" box="[1233,1301,1199,1223]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">8,9 (4)</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D087FFB583F5" box="[1349,1417,1199,1223]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">5,5 (1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D0FFFFB583C2" box="[163,1417,1239,1264]" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D0FFF86983C2" box="[163,597,1239,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Small scales overlapped by anal shields</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD0FFF8ED83C2" box="[632,721,1239,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D0FFF90383C2" box="[763,831,1239,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D0FFF98A83C2" box="[882,950,1239,1264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD0FFFE1183C2" box="[1001,1069,1239,1264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2,3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED0FFFE9D83C2" box="[1117,1185,1239,1264]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D0FFFF2983C2" box="[1233,1301,1239,1264]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2,2</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D0FFFFB583C2" box="[1349,1417,1239,1264]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">2,2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D128FFB5822A" box="[163,1417,1280,1304]" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D128F869822A" box="[163,597,1280,1304]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Supralabial scales</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD128F8ED822A" box="[632,721,1280,1304]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4,4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D128F903822A" box="[763,831,1280,1304]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4,4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D128F98A822A" box="[882,950,1280,1304]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD128FE11822A" box="[1001,1069,1280,1304]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4,4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED128FE9D822A" box="[1117,1185,1280,1304]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4,4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D128FF29822A" box="[1233,1301,1280,1304]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4,4</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D128FFB5822A" box="[1349,1417,1280,1304]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">4,4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D100FFB58272" box="[163,1417,1320,1344]" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D100F8698272" box="[163,597,1320,1344]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Infralabial scales</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD100F8ED8272" box="[632,721,1320,1344]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D100F9038272" box="[763,831,1320,1344]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D100F98A8272" box="[882,950,1320,1344]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">-</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD100FE118272" box="[1001,1069,1320,1344]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED100FE9D8272" box="[1117,1185,1320,1344]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D100FF298272" box="[1233,1301,1320,1344]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3,3</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D100FFB58272" box="[1349,1417,1320,1344]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">3,3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF3CB2F4FF10D178FFB5825A" box="[163,1417,1360,1384]" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FF10D178F869825A" box="[163,597,1360,1384]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Scales surrounding terminal scute</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FDCBD178F8ED825A" box="[632,721,1360,1384]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">10</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FD48D178F903825A" box="[763,831,1360,1384]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">12</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FCC1D178F98A825A" box="[882,950,1360,1384]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">12</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FC5AD178FE11825A" box="[1001,1069,1360,1384]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">14</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FBEED178FE9D825A" box="[1117,1185,1360,1384]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">13</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FB62D178FF29825A" box="[1233,1301,1360,1384]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">12</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF3CB2F4FAF6D178FFB5825A" box="[1349,1417,1360,1384]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">12</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3C4D08FF74D1B0FBD5812C" blockId="3.[151,1437,1432,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3C4D08FF74D1B0FBF28280" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[199,462,1432,1458]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FF74D1B0FBF28280" box="[199,462,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs substantially from congeners in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. For example,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3C4D08FEB3D195FB8882E4" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[256,436,1468,1494]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FEB3D195FB8882E4" box="[256,436,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">R. fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from its closest known relatives (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF3C4D08FCDFD194FE7A82E4" author="Sampaio, F. L. & Day, J. J. & Wickramasinghe, L. J. M. & Cyriac, V. P. & Papadopoulou, A. & Brace, S. & Rajendran, A. & Simon-Nutbrown, C. & Flouris, T. & Kapli, P. & Vidanapathirana, D. R. & Kotharambath, R. & Kodandaramaiah, U. & Gower, D. J." box="[876,1094,1468,1494]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" pagination="107651" refId="ref10098" refString="Sampaio, F. L., Day, J. J., Wickramasinghe, L. J. M., Cyriac, V. P., Papadopoulou, A., Brace, S., Rajendran, A., Simon-Nutbrown, C., Flouris, T., Kapli, P., Vidanapathirana, D. R., Kotharambath, R., Kodandaramaiah, U. & Gower, D. J. (2023) A nearcomplete species-level phylogeny of uropeltid snakes harnessing historical museum collections as a DNA source. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution, 178, 107651. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2022.107651" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
Sampaio
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FC60D195FE3E82E4" box="[979,1026,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—those Indian species with 15 dorsal scale rows at midbody—by uncorrected p-distances of> 4% (
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FCC1D1C8F9AA82C8" box="[882,918,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">12s</emphasis>
|
||
),> 2% (
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FC45D1C8FE2782C8" box="[1014,1051,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">16s</emphasis>
|
||
),> 10 % (
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FB3CD1C8FE8B82C8" box="[1167,1207,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">nd4</emphasis>
|
||
) and> 1 % (
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FAF6D1C8FF5282C8" box="[1349,1390,1504,1530]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">prlr</emphasis>
|
||
) for the aligned sequences (
|
||
<tableCitation id="D94D0361BF3C4D08FE39D22CFBE0812C" box="[394,476,1540,1566]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1137,1161]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Uncorrected p-distances (%) for intra- and interspecific comparisons for Indian Rhinophis with 15 dorsal scale rows at or slightly behind midbody, for one nuclear (prlr) and three mitochondrial genes (12s, 16s, nd4). Values are means, with ranges in parentheses, and number of pairwise comparisons in square brackets. Distances are based on the alignment available at https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/gower_fergusonianus (https://doi.org/10.5519/95s2p6kx)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" tableUuid="C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DCD56551BF3C4D00FF74D200FBE984DF" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3C4D08FF74D200F86981C4" blockId="3.[151,1437,1432,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3C4D08FF74D200FBD38170" bold="true" box="[199,495,1576,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">
|
||
Redescription of
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B748878BF3C4D08FE3ED200FBD38170" box="[397,495,1576,1602]" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF3C4D08FDB3D200F87D8170" box="[512,577,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1251,1275]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,620,1215]" captionTargetId="figure-197@5.[151,1436,620,1215]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, formerly 95.7.29.1) and previously only known specimen of Rhinophis fergusonianus. Scale bar increments 1 mm. Photographs by H. Taylor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144991/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). See
|
||
<tableCitation id="D94D0361BF3C4D08FD3BD200F8E58170" box="[648,729,1576,1602]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Meristic and metric data for holotype (*) and only other known, six newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus. Measures given in mm. SL4 = fourth supralabial; DSR1 = first dorsal scale row; hyphen (-) indicates shortest distance between two points. Data for holotype from Cyriac et al. (2020), except for number of small scales overlapped by anal shields. Paired scale counts given in left, right order. Data recorded by DJG (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, BNHS 3687 and BNHS 3688) and SN (other four specimens)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" tableUuid="C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
for morphometric and meristic data. Specimen condition varied; anterior
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3C4D08FF5DD264FB798154" box="[238,325,1612,1638]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
||
reasonable, then increasingly soft with flaccid, somewhat macerated body anterior to firmer posteriormost ca.
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3C4D08FF0DD258FB3081B8" box="[190,268,1648,1674]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
|
||
of body and tail. Posteriormost left infralabial shield damaged. Outermost layer of scales missing for most of posterior half of specimen except for small, isolated patches and on tail. Two longitudinal incisions, at midbody and posteriorly; former
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3C4D08FED7D290FBFF81E0" box="[356,451,1720,1746]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.22" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="12.2">12.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
on right ventrolateral surface; latter
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3C4D08FCF2D290F99E81E0" box="[833,930,1720,1746]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.29" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="12.9">12.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, slightly right of midventer, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3C4D08FB43D290FF0681E0" box="[1264,1338,1720,1747]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="77" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
|
||
from tail tip, through which empty oviducts visible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3C4D0FFF74D328FEF386E3" blockId="3.[151,1437,1432,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="3" pageNumber="77">Head small, snout pointed. Rostral pointed, longer than wide, without dorsal crest; in lateral view with slightly convex ventral and dorsal margins; widest at level of anterior upper corner of first supralabials. Rostral many (>5) times longer (in dorsal view) than rostral-frontal gap. Frontal irregularly hexagonal, longer than wide, lateral (ocular) margins slightly converging posteriorly; lateral (ocular) margin shortest, posterolateral edges longest. Frontal shorter, wider than rostral. Nasals separated from each other by intervening rostral. External naris small, subcircular, slightly countersunk within small depression, located at anteroventral corner of nasal. Nasal contacts supralabials 1 and 2. Prefrontals in contact with each other along midline (left overlapping right) for longer distance than portion of rostral posterior to nasals. Prefrontals wider than long, shorter than frontal. Supralabials four; first smallest, making the least contribution to margin of mouth; fourth largest. Ocular contacts supralabials 3 and 4. Eye small but visible, diameter slightly less than 0.25 times length of ocular, located near anteroventral corner of ocular (close to lower edge, closer to this edge than to anterior of ocular), bulging slightly from ocular surface. Paired parietals longer than wide, posteriorly broadly rounded, angle between posteromedial and posterolateral edges approximately 100–110°. Parietals in longer midline contact than between opposite prefrontals, left overlapping right. Each parietal contacts four scales other than head shields. No mental groove; mental wider than long, smaller than infralabials, contacting first infralabials but not first ventral; three pairs of infralabials, second infralabial slightly the largest, first and third subequal. First and second ventrals longer than wide, third approximately as long as wide, fourth and subsequent ventrals wider than long. Five maxillary and five mandibular teeth on each side.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF3B4D0FFF24D148F82D813B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10144989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144989/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" startId="4.[151,250,1376,1400]" targetBox="[155,1433,474,1369]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3B4D0FFF24D148F82D813B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1376,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3B4D0FFF24D148FB2E824A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1376,1400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing localities for Indian species of the uropeltid snake genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3B4D0FFC51D148FE75824A" authorityName="Hemprich" authorityYear="1920" box="[994,1097,1376,1400]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3B4D0FFC51D148FE75824A" box="[994,1097,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">Rhinophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in southwestern peninsular India. Smaller-scale map shows type localities for the six currently recognised Indian species; though note that the type locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3B4D0FFA35D1ADFB1A82F3" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3B4D0FFA35D1ADFB1A82F3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">R. fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the vague “Cardamom Hills”, delineated by the red frame based on Meyer
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3B4D0FFB9DD181FE6682F2" box="[1070,1114,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1908–1931). The larger-scale, inset map shows verified localities for the four species occurring in the Nilgiri-Wayanad and Anamalai regions of the Western Ghats (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF3B4D0FFE84D1D8F83A813B" author="Sampaio, F. L. & Narayanan, S. & Cyriac, V. P. & Venu, G. & Gower, D. J." box="[311,518,1520,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref10019" refString="Sampaio, F. L., Narayanan, S., Cyriac, V. P., Venu, G. & Gower, D. J. (2020) A new Indian species of Rhinophis Hemprich, 1820 closely related to R. sanguineus Beddome, 1863 (Serpentes: Uropeltidae). Zootaxa 4881 (1), 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4881.1.1" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Sampaio
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3B4D0FFE25D1D9FBFE813A" box="[406,450,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3B4D0FFF74D273F9C4807F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1627,1869]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">
|
||
Body subcylindrical. Body scales generally evenly sized on dorsum and along body except for those involved in dorsal scale-row reductions or level with the approximately 55
|
||
<superScript id="63BA9B92BF3B4D0FFD66D256F8DD81BE" attach="left" box="[725,737,1662,1676]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">th</superScript>
|
||
ventral (see formula below).Midline ventral scales between mental and anal of even size though anteriormost ones gradually narrow. At midbody, exposed part of ventrals approximately 1.3 times wider than scales in first dorsal row. Ventrals 195. Dorsal scale rows 19 anteriorly, reducing to 17 by level with 36th ventral, then to 15 by the 103rd ventral and maintained thereafter until the vent. At level of 55th (left) and 57th (right) ventral the third dorsal-row scale is noticeably enlarged (“b” in square brackets in formula below) and the fourth-row scale notably small (“s”), without there being a change in numbers of dorsal scale rows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3B4D0FFD9AD353FE1E80EF" blockId="4.[496,1098,1914,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="78">4 + 5 (36) [b3, s4 (57)] - 4 (103) 19 --------------- 17 ------------------ 17 --------------- 15 4 + 5 (36) [b3, s4 (55)] 4 + 5 (93)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3A4D0EFF74D4BFF809850F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Dorsal scale rows (i.e., excluding subcaudals) 13 at level of first subcaudals. Head and body scales macroscopically smooth. Paired anal scales (right overlying left) considerably larger than posteriormost ventrals, subequal to largest subcaudals. Distal margin of each anal overlaps two small scales in addition to anteriormost subcaudals. Five subcaudals on each side, the last of which is undivided (unpaired). Low, short parallel ridges, towards posterior edges of some scales on tail, more so posteriorly, dorsally and laterally. Tail 'shield' large, forming tip of tail, visible from below and especially clearly from above, convex, approximately as long as wide in dorsal view, approximately as wide as depth of tail (at base of shield), approximately same length (in strict dorsal view) as distance between snout tip and back of parietals, base surrounded by 10 scales (including last subcaudal). Shield surface roughened, bearing narrow, discontinuous ridges (longer, more continuous stretches located anteriorly and laterally towards shield base), receding and somewhat converging towards tip. ‘Shield’ ridges evenly spaced, subparallel, approximately straight; shield apex without projections or ridges.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF3A4D0EFF24D0CBF962822D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144991" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10144991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144991/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" startId="5.[151,250,1251,1275]" targetBox="[151,1436,620,1215]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3A4D0EFF24D0CBF962822D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1251,1311]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3A4D0EFF24D0CBFB2683C9" bold="true" box="[151,282,1251,1275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, formerly 95.7.29.1) and previously only known specimen of
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF3A4D0EFA86D0CBFB11822D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF3A4D0EFA86D0CBFB15822D" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">Rhinophis fergusonianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Scale bar increments 1 mm. Photographs by H. Taylor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3A4D0EFF74D160FE4A82C0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1352,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Plate in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF3A4D0EFE9AD160FBCA8250" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[297,502,1352,1378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" pagination="236" refId="ref8906" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Description of a new earth-snake from Travancore (Rhinophis fergusonianus). The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 10, 236." type="journal article" year="1896">Boulenger (1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: reproduced here in
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF3A4D0EFD5BD160F9128250" box="[744,814,1352,1378]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1065,1089]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1041]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1435,181,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Illustration of Rhinophis fergusonianus reproduced from Boulenger’s (1896) original description of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144993/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) presents a good, reasonably accurate impression of the colour pattern. Upper surface of head same brown colour as anterior of body, except for slightly orange tip of rostral and off-white (slightly yellow-orange tinted pale beige) patches on parts of supralabials; almost all of last supralabial pale, first supralabial pale only along lip edge. Underside of head mostly pale brown, except most notably for off-white parts of infralabials (increasingly so posteriorly).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF3A4D0EFF74D1D4FBD08004" blockId="5.[151,1437,1352,1846]" pageId="5" pageNumber="79">
|
||
Dorsal surface (7–9 dorsalmost scale rows) of body brown with isolated small pale flecks, slightly paler and greyer brown towards anterior end of body; scales darker brown at bases. Ventral surface of body pale, off-white. Laterally and ventrolaterally with largely punctate darker (brownish) smaller and larger spots (generally smaller than a single scale in size), more regular and posteriorly. Midventrally with more or less complete brownish markings, paler and slightly greyer anteriorly, without any entirely immaculately pale ventral shields. Midventral darker markings more irregular on ca.
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3A4D0EFC2FD298F9D081F9" box="[924,1004,1712,1739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="55.0">55 mm</quantity>
|
||
anteriomost part of specimen, where restricted largely to ventrals and first dorsal scale row; on subsequent ca.
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF3A4D0EFBAFD2FCFE4C81DD" box="[1052,1136,1748,1775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
|
||
darker markings present as acutely angled zigzag extending to second dorsal scale row; on posterior half of body zigzag wider, less complete, with small breaks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D001FFB98373" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10144993" box="[151,1413,1065,1089]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144993/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" startId="6.[151,250,1065,1089]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1041]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF394D0DFF24D001FFB98373" blockId="6.[151,1413,1065,1089]" box="[151,1413,1065,1089]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF24D001FB2F8373" bold="true" box="[151,275,1065,1089]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFE19D001F89A8373" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[426,678,1065,1089]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFE19D001F89A8373" box="[426,678,1065,1089]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reproduced from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF394D0DFCEFD001FE1D8373" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[860,1057,1065,1089]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" pagination="236" refId="ref8906" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Description of a new earth-snake from Travancore (Rhinophis fergusonianus). The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 10, 236." type="journal article" year="1896">Boulenger’s (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
original description of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7" ID-Table-UUID="C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" startId="6.[151,239,1137,1161]" targetBox="[163,1404,1285,1944]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6" targetType="table">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7" blockId="6.[151,1437,1137,1269]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF24D059FB3A83BB" bold="true" box="[151,262,1137,1161]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">TABLE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Uncorrected p-distances (%) for intra- and interspecific comparisons for Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFB3BD059FEC883BB" authorityName="Hemprich" authorityYear="1920" box="[1160,1268,1137,1161]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFB3BD059FEC883BB" box="[1160,1268,1137,1161]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">Rhinophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with 15 dorsal scale rows at or slightly behind midbody, for one nuclear (
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFCB7D0BDF911839F" box="[772,813,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">prlr</emphasis>
|
||
) and three mitochondrial genes (
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFB3FD0BDFF25839F" box="[1164,1305,1173,1197]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">12s, 16s, nd4</emphasis>
|
||
). Values are means, with ranges in parentheses, and number of pairwise comparisons in square brackets. Distances are based on the alignment available at https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/gower
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFCBFD0F5F98F83C7" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[780,947,1245,1269]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">_fergusonianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(https://doi.org/10.5519/95s2p6kx).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF394D0DFD3BD12DFF4E80AA" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<table id="E6CFC47ABF39B2F4FF10D12DFF4080AA" box="[163,1404,1285,1944]" gridcols="5" gridrows="15" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D12DFF40822F" box="[163,1404,1285,1309]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D12DF93E822F" box="[565,770,1285,1309]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFD3BD12DF892822F" box="[648,686,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">nd4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D12DF9FD822F" box="[795,961,1285,1309]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFCEFD12DF9BC822F" box="[860,896,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">12s</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D12DFE9B822F" box="[986,1191,1285,1309]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFB9CD12DFE6E822F" box="[1071,1106,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">16s</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D12DFF40822F" box="[1237,1404,1285,1309]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFAA7D12DFF07822F" box="[1300,1339,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">prlr</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D11AFF408279" box="[163,1404,1330,1355]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D11AF82C8279" box="[163,528,1330,1355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF5DD11BFBA58279" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[238,409,1331,1355]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF5DD11BFBA58279" box="[238,409,1331,1355]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">R. fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D11AF93E8279" box="[565,770,1330,1355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.4 [1]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D11AF9FD8279" box="[795,961,1330,1355]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0.6 [1]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D11AFE9B8279" box="[986,1191,1330,1355]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0.9 (0.4–1.2) [2]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D11AFF408279" box="[1237,1404,1330,1355]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0.2 [1]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D148FF40824A" box="[163,1404,1376,1400]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D148F82C824A" box="[163,528,1376,1400]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF5DD149FBA9824A" authorityName="Cyriac, Narayanan, Sampaio, Umesh & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[238,405,1376,1400]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF5DD149FBA9824A" box="[238,405,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">R. melanoleucus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D148F93E824A" box="[565,770,1376,1400]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0 [1]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D148F9FD824A" box="[795,961,1376,1400]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0 [1]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D148FE9B824A" box="[986,1191,1376,1400]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0.2 [1]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D148FF40824A" box="[1237,1404,1376,1400]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0 [1]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D1A5FF408297" box="[163,1404,1421,1445]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D1A5F82C8297" box="[163,528,1421,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF5DD1A6FB408297" box="[238,380,1422,1445]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguineus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF5DD1A6FB408297" box="[238,380,1422,1445]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">R. sanguineus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D1A5F93E8297" box="[565,770,1421,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">2.0 (0–2.9) [6]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D1A5F9FD8297" box="[795,961,1421,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0.5 (0–0.8) [6]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D1A5FE9B8297" box="[986,1191,1421,1445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0.3 (0–0.6) [6]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D1A5FF408297" box="[1237,1404,1421,1445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0 (0) [6]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D192FF4082E1" box="[163,1404,1466,1491]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D192F82C82E1" box="[163,528,1466,1491]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF5DD193FBA682E0" authorityName="Sampaio, Narayanan, Cyriac, Venu & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[238,410,1466,1490]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karinthandani">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF5DD193FBA682E0" box="[238,410,1466,1490]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">R. karinthandani</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D192F93E82E1" box="[565,770,1466,1491]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">2.4 (0–3.7) [3]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D192F9FD82E1" box="[795,961,1466,1491]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.3 (0–1.9) [3]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D192FE9B82E1" box="[986,1191,1466,1491]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0.7 (0–1.0) [3]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D192FF4082E1" box="[1237,1404,1466,1491]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0 (0) [3]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D1C0FF408132" box="[163,1404,1512,1536]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D1C0F82C8132" box="[163,528,1512,1536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D1C1FBD38132" box="[163,495,1512,1536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D1C1FB758132" authorityName="Cyriac, Narayanan, Sampaio, Umesh & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[163,329,1512,1536]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">R. melanoleucus</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFED0D1C0FBD38132" box="[355,495,1512,1536]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguineus">R. sanguineus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D1C0F93E8132" box="[565,770,1512,1536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">11.8 (11.5–12.1) [8]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D1C0F9FD8132" box="[795,961,1512,1536]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">5.4 (5.3–5.6) [8]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D1C0FE9B8132" box="[986,1191,1512,1536]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">2.5 (2.2–2.8) [8]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D1C0FF408132" box="[1237,1404,1512,1536]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.3 (1.3) [8]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D23DFF40811F" box="[163,1404,1557,1581]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D23DF82C811F" box="[163,528,1557,1581]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D23EF831811F" box="[163,525,1557,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D23EFB75811F" authorityName="Cyriac, Narayanan, Sampaio, Umesh & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[163,329,1557,1581]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">R. melanoleucus</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFED0D23DF831811F" authorityName="Sampaio, Narayanan, Cyriac, Venu & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[355,525,1557,1581]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karinthandani">R. karinthandani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D23DF93E811F" box="[565,770,1557,1581]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">12.6 (12.5–12.8) [6]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D23DF9FD811F" box="[795,961,1557,1581]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">5.2 (5.1–5.3) [6]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D23DFE9B811F" box="[986,1191,1557,1581]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">2.4 (2.2–2.6) [6]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D23DFF40811F" box="[1237,1404,1557,1581]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.1 (1.1) [6]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D26AFF408169" box="[163,1404,1602,1627]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D26AF82C8169" box="[163,528,1602,1627]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D26BFB4B8169" box="[163,375,1603,1627]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D26BFB758169" authorityName="Cyriac, Narayanan, Sampaio, Umesh & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[163,329,1603,1627]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">R. melanoleucus</taxonomicName>
|
||
—R.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFECED26BFBA78169" bold="true" box="[381,411,1603,1627]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D26AF93E8169" box="[565,770,1602,1627]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">11.6 (11.6) [2]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D26AF9FD8169" box="[795,961,1602,1627]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">4.8 (4.8) [2]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D26AFE9B8169" box="[986,1191,1602,1627]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">2.3 (2.2–2.4) [2]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D26AFF408169" box="[1237,1404,1602,1627]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.1 (1.1) [2]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D258FF4081BA" box="[163,1404,1648,1672]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D258F82C81BA" box="[163,528,1648,1672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D259FB6281BA" box="[163,350,1649,1672]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D259FB0C81BA" box="[163,304,1649,1672]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguineus">R. sanguineus</taxonomicName>
|
||
—R.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFED0D258FBBE81BA" bold="true" box="[355,386,1648,1672]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D258F93E81BA" box="[565,770,1648,1672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">2.8 (2.8) [4]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D258F9FD81BA" box="[795,961,1648,1672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.1 (1.1–1.3) [4]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D258FE9B81BA" box="[986,1191,1648,1672]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0.2 (0–0.2) [4]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D258FF4081BA" box="[1237,1404,1648,1672]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">0.2 (0.2) [4]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D2B5FF408187" box="[163,1404,1693,1717]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D2B5F82C8187" box="[163,528,1693,1717]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D2B6FBCF8187" box="[163,499,1693,1717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D2B6FB0C8187" box="[163,304,1694,1717]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguineus">R. sanguineus</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFEF9D2B6FBCF8187" authorityName="Sampaio, Narayanan, Cyriac, Venu & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[330,499,1693,1717]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karinthandani">R. karinthandani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D2B5F93E8187" box="[565,770,1693,1717]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">8.8 (8.2–9.6) [12]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D2B5F9FD8187" box="[795,961,1693,1717]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">4.2 (3.5–4.5) [12]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D2B5FE9B8187" box="[986,1191,1693,1717]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.9 (1.8–2.2) [12]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D2B5FF408187" box="[1237,1404,1693,1717]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.4 (1.4) [12]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D2E2FF4081D1" box="[163,1404,1738,1763]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D2E2F82C81D1" box="[163,528,1738,1763]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D2E3FB4081D1" box="[163,380,1739,1763]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D2E3FB7281D1" authorityName="Sampaio, Narayanan, Cyriac, Venu & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[163,334,1739,1763]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karinthandani">R. karinthandani</taxonomicName>
|
||
—R.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFE32D2E3FBA381D1" bold="true" box="[385,415,1739,1763]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D2E2F93E81D1" box="[565,770,1738,1763]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">8.3 (7.7–8.6) [3]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D2E2F9FD81D1" box="[795,961,1738,1763]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">4.0 (3.5–4.3) [3]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D2E2FE9B81D1" box="[986,1191,1738,1763]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.7 (1.5–1.8) [3]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D2E2FF4081D1" box="[1237,1404,1738,1763]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.3 (1.3) [3]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D2D0FF408022" box="[163,1404,1784,1808]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D2D0F82C8022" box="[163,528,1784,1808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D2D1F8378022" box="[163,523,1784,1808]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D2D1FB728022" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[163,334,1784,1808]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">R. fergusonianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFED4D2D0F8378022" authorityName="Cyriac, Narayanan, Sampaio, Umesh & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[359,523,1784,1808]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoleucus">R. melanoleucus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D2D0F93E8022" box="[565,770,1784,1808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">13.2 (13.1–13.4) [4]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D2D0F9FD8022" box="[795,961,1784,1808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">4.5 (4.3–4.8) [4]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D2D0FE9B8022" box="[986,1191,1784,1808]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">13.2 (13.1–13.4) [6]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D2D0FF408022" box="[1237,1404,1784,1808]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.4 (1.3–1.6) [4]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D30DFF40800F" box="[163,1404,1829,1853]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D30DF82C800F" box="[163,528,1829,1853]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D30EF82C800F" box="[163,528,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D30EFB72800F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[163,334,1829,1853]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">R. fergusonianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFED4D30DF82C800F" authorityName="Sampaio, Narayanan, Cyriac, Venu & Gower" authorityYear="2020" box="[359,528,1829,1853]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karinthandani">R. karinthandani</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D30DF93E800F" box="[565,770,1829,1853]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">10.2 (10.6–11.3) [6]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D30DF9FD800F" box="[795,961,1829,1853]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">5.3 (4.8–5.9) [6]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D30DFE9B800F" box="[986,1191,1829,1853]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">10.2 (10.6–11.3) [9]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D30DFF40800F" box="[1237,1404,1829,1853]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.6 (1.5–1.8) [6]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D37BFF408059" box="[163,1404,1875,1899]" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D37BF82C8059" box="[163,528,1875,1899]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D37BFBCE8058" box="[163,498,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D37BFB728059" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[163,334,1875,1899]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">R. fergusonianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFED4D37BFBCE8058" box="[359,498,1875,1899]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sanguineus">R. sanguineus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D37BF93E8059" box="[565,770,1875,1899]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">12.2 (11.9–12.5) [8]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D37BF9FD8059" box="[795,961,1875,1899]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">5.6 (5.1–6.1) [8]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D37BFE9B8059" box="[986,1191,1875,1899]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">12.2 (11.9–12.5) [12]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D37BFF408059" box="[1237,1404,1875,1899]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.2 (1.1–1.4) [8]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2AFF3498BF39B2F4FF10D3A8FF4080AA" box="[163,1404,1920,1944]" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<th id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FF10D3A8F82C80AA" box="[163,528,1920,1944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFF10D3A9FB4780AA" box="[163,379,1920,1944]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF394D0DFF10D3A9FB7280AA" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[163,334,1920,1944]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="80" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">R. fergusonianus</taxonomicName>
|
||
—R.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF394D0DFE33D3A8FBA280AA" bold="true" box="[384,414,1920,1944]" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">sp.</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FD86D3A8F93E80AA" box="[565,770,1920,1944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">10.9 (10.7–11.1) [2]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FCA8D3A8F9FD80AA" box="[795,961,1920,1944]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">5.5 (5.1–5.9) [2]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FC69D3A8FE9B80AA" box="[986,1191,1920,1944]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">10.9 (10.7–11.1) [3]</td>
|
||
<td id="692E5DE4BF39B2F4FB66D3A8FF4080AA" box="[1237,1404,1920,1944]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="6" pageNumber="80">1.1 (1–1.3) [2]</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF384D0CFF24D78AF8C584EC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144995" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10144995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144995/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" startId="7.[151,250,930,954]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,906]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFF24D78AF8C584EC" blockId="7.[151,1436,930,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF384D0CFF24D78AFB2E8488" bold="true" box="[151,274,930,954]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
BNHS 3687, one of the newly referred specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF384D0CFC9BD78AFE1E8488" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[808,1058,930,954]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF384D0CFC9BD78AFE1E8488" box="[808,1058,930,954]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northern edge of the Palghat Gap. Scale bar increments 1 mm. Photographs by H. Taylor.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFF74D024F8A483A1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1036,1495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">Anal shields pale with brown speckles and blotches, more so on left. Subcaudals brown except for pale yellow-orange half of last subcaudal. Lateral surface of tail off-white, dorsal surface of tail dark brown, with irregular boundary between these two regions. Tail shield mostly dark brown; faded yellow(-orange) at base; irregular, inconspicuous, narrow pale markings at apex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFF74D0B4F97382BD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1036,1495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF384D0CFF74D0B4F88F8384" bold="true" box="[199,691,1180,1206]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">Variation among newly referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
Variation in some meristic and morphometric characters is reported in
|
||
<tableCitation id="D94D0361BF384D0CFF00D0E8FB3B83E8" box="[179,263,1216,1242]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Meristic and metric data for holotype (*) and only other known, six newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus. Measures given in mm. SL4 = fourth supralabial; DSR1 = first dorsal scale row; hyphen (-) indicates shortest distance between two points. Data for holotype from Cyriac et al. (2020), except for number of small scales overlapped by anal shields. Paired scale counts given in left, right order. Data recorded by DJG (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, BNHS 3687 and BNHS 3688) and SN (other four specimens)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Specimens are illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF384D0CFDE2D0E8F88183E8" box="[593,701,1216,1242]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStart-3="FIGURE 7" captionStart-4="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,930,954]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1807,1831]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,250,1624,1648]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,181,906]" captionTargetBox-1="[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,885,1784]" captionTargetBox-3="[178,1402,181,1586]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1436,1029,1440]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@7.[151,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@8.[178,1409,181,1919]" captionTargetId-2="figure-158@9.[151,1436,885,1784]" captionTargetId-3="figure-18@10.[177,1410,181,1601]" captionTargetId-4="figure-462@11.[151,1436,1029,1440]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. BNHS 3687, one of the newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus from the northern edge of the Palghat Gap. Scale bar increments 1 mm. Photographs by H. Taylor." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Three of the newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus from localities on the northern edge of the Palghat Gap in approximately dorsal (left column) and ventral (right) views: A & B, BNHS 3689; C & D, BNHS 3690; E &F, BNHS 3755. Scale bars 10 mm. Photographs by S. Narayanan." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Three of the newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus from localities on the northern edge of the Palghat Gap: A, BNHS 3690; B, BNHS 3689; C, BNHS 3755. From left to right, heads in dorsal, ventral, right lateral and left lateral views; tails in dorsal, ventral, left lateral and right lateral views. Scale bars 5 mm. Photographs by S. Narayanan." captionText-3="FIGURE 7. BNHS 3691, a newly referred specimen of Rhinophis fergusonianus from South of the Palghat Gap, in dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) views. Total length of specimen is ca.440 mm. Photographs by S. Das." captionText-4="FIGURE 8. Rhinophis fergusonianus in life. Left, BNHS 3689 (ca. 420 mm total length); right, BNHS 3691 (ca. 440 mm). Photographs by S. Das." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144995" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144997" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144999" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10145001" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10145003" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/10144995/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/10144997/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/10144999/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/10145001/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/10145003/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">Figs. 4–8</figureCitation>
|
||
. BNHS 3687 and 3688 are notably smaller than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B748878BF384D0CFAB7D0E8FF5583E8" box="[1284,1385,1216,1242]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and BNHS 3689, 3690 and 3755 substantially larger in both girth and length. BNHS 3688 is incomplete, and BNHS 3755 is a damaged roadkill specimen. Among the new material, teeth were counted only in BNHS 3687, and counts for this specimen were the same as in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B748878BF384D0CFDDAD104F8F78274" box="[617,715,1324,1350]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF384D0CFD43D105F9918274" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[752,941,1324,1350]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF384D0CFD43D105F9918274" box="[752,941,1324,1350]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">R. fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Beyond quantitative differences in external morphology reported in
|
||
<tableCitation id="D94D0361BF384D0CFE1CD178F8388258" box="[431,516,1360,1386]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 1. Meristic and metric data for holotype (*) and only other known, six newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus. Measures given in mm. SL4 = fourth supralabial; DSR1 = first dorsal scale row; hyphen (-) indicates shortest distance between two points. Data for holotype from Cyriac et al. (2020), except for number of small scales overlapped by anal shields. Paired scale counts given in left, right order. Data recorded by DJG (BMNH 1946.1.16.77, BNHS 3687 and BNHS 3688) and SN (other four specimens)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" tableUuid="C0B06652BF3C4D08FF24D4BFF90C860D">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
, the new specimens differ slightly from each other and from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B748878BF384D0CFB4BD178FF668258" box="[1272,1370,1360,1386]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF384D0CFA37D179FB0982BC" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF384D0CFA37D179FB0982BC" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">R. fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in some aspects of scalation and colour pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFF74D1B0F94282E4" blockId="7.[151,1437,1036,1495]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The third ventral is much wider than long in BNHS 3690. As in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B748878BF384D0CFC00D1B0FE248280" box="[947,1048,1432,1458]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, the reduction from 17 to 15 dorsal scale rows occurs close to midbody in BNHS 3691 (197 ventrals):
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFEECD22CFEE7812C" blockId="7.[285,1302,1540,1639]" box="[351,1243,1540,1567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">4+5 (37), +5 (38), 3+4 (42), +4 (56), 3+4 (59) 3+4 (88), +3 (93), 3+4 (97)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFEAED200FF2A8171" blockId="7.[285,1302,1540,1639]" box="[285,1302,1576,1603]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">19------------------------------------------------------------17----------------------------------------15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFE59D264FE6D8155" blockId="7.[285,1302,1540,1639]" box="[490,1105,1612,1639]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">4+5 (34), [b3, s4 (56)] 3+4 (85)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFF74D2BDFE1C81E0" blockId="7.[151,1437,1684,1747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">
|
||
In contrast, the reduction from 17 to 15 dorsal scale rows occurs anterior to the 75
|
||
<superScript id="63BA9B92BF384D0CFBD1D2BCFE538190" attach="left" box="[1122,1135,1684,1698]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">th</superScript>
|
||
ventral in
|
||
<specimenCount id="82C9FD53BF384D0CFB5BD2BCFFA1819C" box="[1256,1437,1684,1710]" count="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="81" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from localities on the northern edge of the Palghat (= Palakkad) Gap, as follows:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFF24D328FBF98028" blockId="7.[151,453,1792,1818]" box="[151,453,1792,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">BNHS 3687 (186 ventrals)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFE04D360FE6E8050" blockId="7.[394,1201,1864,1963]" box="[439,1106,1864,1891]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">4 + 5 (29) [b4, s5 (51)] 4 + 5 (69)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFE39D344FE8D80B5" blockId="7.[394,1201,1864,1963]" box="[394,1201,1900,1927]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">19 --------------- 17 ---------------------------- 17 --------------------------- 15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF384D0CFE04D3B8FEBD8098" blockId="7.[394,1201,1864,1963]" box="[439,1153,1936,1963]" pageId="7" pageNumber="81">4 + 5 (30) 3 + 4 (50), +4 (51) - 4 or 5 or 6 (66–71)</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF374D03FF24D3BFF92A80CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144997" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10144997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144997/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="82" startId="8.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[178,1409,181,1919]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF374D03FF24D3BFF92A80CA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1943,2040]" pageId="8" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF374D03FF24D3BFFB29809D" bold="true" box="[151,277,1943,1967]" pageId="8" pageNumber="82">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Three of the newly referred specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF374D03FD6BD3BFF9EB809D" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[728,983,1943,1967]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="82" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF374D03FD6BD3BFF9EB809D" box="[728,983,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="82">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from localities on the northern edge of the Palghat Gap in approximately dorsal (left column) and ventral (right) views: A & B, BNHS 3689; C & D, BNHS 3690; E &F, BNHS 3755. Scale bars 10 mm. Photographs by S. Narayanan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FF24D4BFFBF98783" blockId="9.[151,1008,151,285]" box="[151,453,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">BNHS 3689 (194 ventrals)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FD34D493F99087E7" blockId="9.[151,1008,151,285]" box="[647,940,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">3+4 (31) 3+4 (73)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FDF0D4F6F9CC87CB" blockId="9.[151,1008,151,285]" box="[579,1008,222,249]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">19------------------17-------------------15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FD34D52AF991862F" blockId="9.[151,1008,151,285]" box="[647,941,258,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">4+5 (34) 4+5 (71)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FF24D547FBF986BB" blockId="9.[151,1088,367,501]" box="[151,453,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">BNHS 3690 (192 ventrals)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FD91D5BBFE2D869F" blockId="9.[151,1088,367,501]" box="[546,1041,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">3+4 (36) 3+4 (67), +4 (68), 3+4 (69)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FE47D59EFE7C86E3" blockId="9.[151,1088,367,501]" box="[500,1088,438,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">19----------------17--------------------------------------15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FD91D5F2F99386C7" blockId="9.[151,1088,367,501]" box="[546,943,474,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">4+5 (35) 3+4 (68)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FF74D60BF873859B" blockId="9.[151,1437,546,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">BNHS 3688 lacks its head and anterior end of the body. The preserved portion bears 156 ventrals so the missing portion likely was the length of approximately 30 or so ventrals. This specimen has 15 dorsal scale rows from midbody up to the vent, and a slightly different scale reduction anterior of midbody (where X = the anteriormost ventral on preserved part of specimen):</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FEBFD6FFF8C485C3" blockId="9.[176,1411,726,825]" box="[268,760,726,753]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">4 + 5 (X+16), +4 (X+17) 3 + 4 (X+40)</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FF03D6D3FFBF8427" blockId="9.[176,1411,726,825]" box="[176,1411,762,789]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">17 (X) -------------------------------- 17 ------------------ 15 ------------------------------------------------------------- 15</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D00FEBFD737F9F487E7" blockId="9.[176,1411,726,825]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,150,1005]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">
|
||
4 + 5 (X+12), +4 (X+13) 4 + 5 (X+33) +4 (X+36), 4 + 5 (X+38), +4 (X+41), 3 + 4 (X+42) The damaged roadkill BNHS 3755 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF354D01FDDFD2EBF88081EF" box="[620,700,1731,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1065,1089]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1041]" captionTargetId="figure-18@6.[151,1435,181,1041]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Illustration of Rhinophis fergusonianus reproduced from Boulenger’s (1896) original description of the species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144993" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144993/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
&
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF354D01FD55D2EBF8C981EF" box="[742,757,1731,1757]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,930,954]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,906]" captionTargetId="figure-24@7.[151,1436,181,906]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. BNHS 3687, one of the newly referred specimens of Rhinophis fergusonianus from the northern edge of the Palghat Gap. Scale bar increments 1 mm. Photographs by H. Taylor." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144995/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) is the only known male specimen. Scalation data for this specimen indicates some degree of sexual dimorphism given that it has the fewest number of ventrals and highest number of subcaudals among the seven known specimens. This specimen also differs from the females in having more prominent (but still low), short parallel ridges on the subcaudals and nearby scales. BNHS 3755 is distinct in also having a darker venter than in the other known specimens. The sample size is very small, but there are hints of sexual dimorphism in numbers of ventrals (
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF354D01FD6FD35FF96180A3" box="[732,861,1911,1937]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8641" metricValueMax="5.0038" metricValueMin="4.7244" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" unit="in" value="191.5" valueMax="197.0" valueMin="186.0">186–197 in</quantity>
|
||
the
|
||
<specimenCount id="82C9FD53BF354D01FC3ED35FFE2680A3" box="[909,1050,1911,1937]" count="5" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" type="female">five females</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF354D01FB95D35FFE5180A3" box="[1062,1133,1911,1937]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6482" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" unit="in" value="183.0">183 in</quantity>
|
||
the single male) as well as subcaudals (5–7 per side in females,
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF354D01FD89D3B3F8BD8087" box="[570,641,1947,1973]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.159" metricValueMax="2.286" metricValueMin="2.032" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" unit="in" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 in</quantity>
|
||
the male). There is also perhaps a hint of geographic variation among the females (in addition to the scale-reduction character reported above), with the
|
||
<specimenCount id="82C9FD53BF354D01FB99D397FEEC80EB" box="[1066,1232,1983,2009]" count="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from South of the Palghat Gap having more ventrals (195, 197 versus 186–194) and fewer subcaudals (5 versus 6 or 7 per side) than the four and a half specimens from the northern edge of the Palghat Gap.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF364D02FF24D327FF6F8042" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144999" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10144999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144999/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" startId="9.[151,250,1807,1831]" targetBox="[151,1436,885,1784]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF364D02FF24D327FF6F8042" blockId="9.[151,1436,1807,1904]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF364D02FF24D327FB298015" bold="true" box="[151,277,1807,1831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Three of the newly referred specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF364D02FD6BD338F9EB801A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[728,983,1808,1832]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="83" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF364D02FD6BD338F9EB801A" box="[728,983,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="83">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from localities on the northern edge of the Palghat Gap: A, BNHS 3690; B, BNHS 3689; C, BNHS 3755. From left to right, heads in dorsal, ventral, right lateral and left lateral views; tails in dorsal, ventral, left lateral and right lateral views. Scale bars 5 mm. Photographs by S. Narayanan.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF354D01FF24D270FE4781A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10145001" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10145001" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10145001/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" startId="10.[151,250,1624,1648]" targetBox="[178,1402,181,1586]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF354D01FF24D270FE4781A6" blockId="10.[151,1436,1624,1685]" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF354D01FF24D270FB2A8143" bold="true" box="[151,278,1624,1649]" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
BNHS 3691, a newly referred specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF354D01FD5BD270F9DB8143" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[744,999,1624,1649]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="10" pageNumber="84" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF354D01FD5BD270F9DB8143" box="[744,999,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="84">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from South of the Palghat Gap, in dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) views. Total length of specimen is ca.440 mm. Photographs by S. Das.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF344D00FF74D4F7FEA9869F" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">In colouration, the ventral surface of the body of BNHS 3687 has a more extensive anterior whitish region and is more spotted than blotched behind this. BNHS 3689 also has a somewhat more spotted than blotched venter. Dark spots on the venter are much denser in BNHS 3690, with much darker blotches towards the posterior end of the body. In both BNHS 3689 and 3690 the underside of the tail is more whitish with a slightly thicker dark line medially, extending from the vent to the base of the shield which is interrupted by a white patch just above the base. The amount and distribution of orange on the tail shield varies somewhat among the series.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF344D00FF74D59FFF1685B7" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">
|
||
A summary of DNA-sequence differences is presented in
|
||
<tableCitation id="D94D0361BF344D00FCE7D59FF99586E3" box="[852,937,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,1137,1161]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Uncorrected p-distances (%) for intra- and interspecific comparisons for Indian Rhinophis with 15 dorsal scale rows at or slightly behind midbody, for one nuclear (prlr) and three mitochondrial genes (12s, 16s, nd4). Values are means, with ranges in parentheses, and number of pairwise comparisons in square brackets. Distances are based on the alignment available at https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/gower_fergusonianus (https://doi.org/10.5519/95s2p6kx)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" tableUuid="C0B06652BF394D0DFF24D059FF0A83C7">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
, and a phylogenetic tree is presented in
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF344D00FAC3D59FFA9486C7" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1464,1488]" captionTargetBox="[155,1431,349,1437]" captionTargetId="figure-110@13.[151,1435,345,1441]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogeny for Rhinophis. Numbers on internal branches are Bayesian posterior probability/ML bootstrap support values. See Appendix 1 for data sources. Based on analysis of data available at https://data. nhm.ac.uk/dataset/gower_fergusonianus (https://doi.org/10.5519/95s2p6kx)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10145005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10145005/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
. The newly generated
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FE16D5F3FBF086C7" box="[421,460,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">12s</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FDB0D5F2F81586C6" box="[515,553,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">16s</emphasis>
|
||
sequences for BNHS 3689 are similar to those previously published (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF344D00FA8BD5F3FB28852B" author="Sampaio, F. L. & Day, J. J. & Wickramasinghe, L. J. M. & Cyriac, V. P. & Papadopoulou, A. & Brace, S. & Rajendran, A. & Simon-Nutbrown, C. & Flouris, T. & Kapli, P. & Vidanapathirana, D. R. & Kotharambath, R. & Kodandaramaiah, U. & Gower, D. J." pageId="11" pageNumber="85" pagination="107651" refId="ref10098" refString="Sampaio, F. L., Day, J. J., Wickramasinghe, L. J. M., Cyriac, V. P., Papadopoulou, A., Brace, S., Rajendran, A., Simon-Nutbrown, C., Flouris, T., Kapli, P., Vidanapathirana, D. R., Kotharambath, R., Kodandaramaiah, U. & Gower, D. J. (2023) A nearcomplete species-level phylogeny of uropeltid snakes harnessing historical museum collections as a DNA source. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution, 178, 107651. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2022.107651" type="journal article" year="2023">
|
||
Sampaio
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FF24D5D7FAF6852B" box="[151,202,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) for BNHS 3688 (as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF344D00FDABD5D7F88E852B" box="[536,690,511,537]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FDABD5D7F8B6852B" box="[536,650,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">Rhinophis</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Attappadi”). The specimen from Thattekad, South of the Palghat Gap (BNHS 3691) is slightly more distinct, but differs from BNHS 3688 only in six, nine and one sites for the aligned sequences of
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FE36D66EFBDF8553" box="[389,483,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">16s, nd4</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FDABD66FF8788553" box="[536,580,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">prlr</emphasis>
|
||
, respectively. Thus, the available DNA-sequence data are consistent with the hypothesis that these specimens from three localities from both sides of the Palghat Gap are conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF344D00FF74D6A6FBE984DF" blockId="11.[151,1437,150,1005]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FF74D6A6FB51859A" bold="true" box="[199,365,654,680]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">Colour in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Most detailed observations were made for BNHS 3689. Rostrum paler and more orange-brown towards the tip. Infralabials and chin shields mostly pale orange. Dorsal surface of body brown with very few small, isolated, pale flecks mostly on the anterior half of the body; scales darker brown at bases. Ventral surface of body pale off-white anteriorly to the level of approximately the 60th ventral and posterior to the 170th ventral, between which the ventrals bear small, irregular dark spots mostly present towards the anterior edge of the scales. Irregular dark spots largely present only on the scales adjacent to the ventrals making a longitudinal line. Anal shields off-white with irregular dark spots. Underside of tail orange with a longitudinal dark line in the middle, extending from the base of the anal shield to the base of the tail where it is broader. Tail shield mostly dark, with a wide orange stripe on the edge of the base of the upper surface and larger, semicircular orange patches anterolaterally towards the shield base on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="C0B06652BF344D00FF24D190FBB982C1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10145003" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10145003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10145003/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" startId="11.[151,250,1464,1488]" targetBox="[151,1436,1029,1440]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF344D00FF24D190FBB982C1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1464,1524]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FF24D190FB2982E2" bold="true" box="[151,277,1464,1488]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF344D00FEAED190F82782E2" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[285,539,1464,1488]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FEAED190F82782E2" box="[285,539,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in life. Left, BNHS 3689 (ca. 420 mm total length); right, BNHS 3691 (ca. 440 mm). Photographs by S. Das.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="DCD56551BF344D07FF74D20AFEF6852B" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF344D00FF74D20AF9C1806E" blockId="11.[151,1437,1570,2029]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FF74D20AF8CD810E" bold="true" box="[199,753,1570,1596]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">Distribution, habitat, and conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
The newly documented specimens are from three localities. All lie below an elevation of
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF344D00FE56D26EF80C8153" box="[485,560,1606,1633]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
|
||
, and are from both sides of the Palghat Gap (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0CF42A5FBF344D00FB84D26EFE458152" box="[1079,1145,1606,1632]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1376,1400]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,474,1369]" captionTargetId="figure-420@4.[151,1436,470,1376]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map showing localities for Indian species of the uropeltid snake genus Rhinophis in southwestern peninsular India. Smaller-scale map shows type localities for the six currently recognised Indian species; though note that the type locality for R. fergusonianus is the vague “Cardamom Hills”, delineated by the red frame based on Meyer et al. (1908–1931). The larger-scale, inset map shows verified localities for the four species occurring in the Nilgiri-Wayanad and Anamalai regions of the Western Ghats (see also Sampaio et al. 2020)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10144989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10144989/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), a known biogeographic barrier, especially for moist-habitat and higher-elevation animals (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF344D00FC6BD242FE8881B6" author="Gower, D. J. & Dharne, M. & Bhatta, G. & Giri, V. B. & Vyas, R. & Venu, G. & Oommen, O. V. & George, J. & Schouche, Y. & Wilkinson, M." box="[984,1204,1642,1669]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" pagination="266 - 275" refId="ref9181" refString="Gower, D. J., Dharne, M., Bhatta, G., Giri, V. B., Vyas, R., Venu, G., Oommen, O. V., George, J., Schouche, Y. & Wilkinson, M. (2007) Remarkable genetic homogeneity in unstriped, long-tailed Ichthyophis along 1500 km of the Western Ghats, India. Journal of Zoology, 272, 266 - 275. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.2006.00266. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Gower
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FB83D243FE5A81B6" box="[1072,1126,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF344D00FB70D242FAE8819A" author="Vijayakumar, S. P. & Menezes, R. C. & Jayarajan, A. & Kartik, S." pageId="11" pageNumber="85" pagination="20161011" refId="ref10398" refString="Vijayakumar, S. P., Menezes, R. C., Jayarajan, A. & Kartik, S. (2016) Glaciations, gradients, and geography: Multiple drivers of diversification of bush frogs in the Western Ghats escarpment. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 283, 20161011. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2016.1011" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Vijayakumar
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FAD3D243FFA981B6" box="[1376,1429,1642,1668]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Perhaps
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF344D00FEFED2A6F85A819A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[333,614,1678,1704]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FEFED2A6F85A819A" box="[333,614,1678,1704]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has greater tolerance and/or preference for drier environments than its closest known relatives from the Wayanad Plateau and Nilgiri Hills, making the Palghat Gap a relatively ineffective barrier to this species. The upper elevational limit of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF344D00FD42D2FFF99381C2" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[753,943,1750,1776]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FD42D2FFF99381C2" box="[753,943,1750,1776]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">R. fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unclear but is
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF344D00FBC1D2FEFE8681C3" box="[1138,1210,1750,1777]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</quantity>
|
||
based on the recent observations reported here. The imprecise
|
||
<typeStatus id="4B748878BF344D00FD37D2D3F8888027" box="[644,692,1787,1813]" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the Cardamon Hills was seemingly considered to lie above
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF344D00FF50D336FB17800B" box="[227,299,1822,1849]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
|
||
(Meyer
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FE3CD337FBFE800A" box="[399,450,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1908–1931), but the veracity of that locality for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF344D00FC48D337FE86800A" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[1019,1210,1822,1848]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="11" pageNumber="85" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF344D00FC48D337FE86800A" box="[1019,1210,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">R. fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should probably be considered doubtful unless extant, higher-elevation populations can be found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF344D07FF74D34EF85687CB" blockId="11.[151,1437,1570,2029]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,537]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="86" pageId="11" pageNumber="85">BNHS 3687 and BNHS 3688 were found during a very short period (<30 minutes) of digging in marshy soil below herbaceous ground cover on a steeply sloping roadside verge, in an area of low-intensity agriculture with sparse cashew trees. BNHS 3755 was found dead on the road. BNHS 3687 and 3688 were dug from marshy soil below herbaceous ground cover on a steeply sloping roadside verge, in an area of low-intensity agriculture with sparse cashew trees. BNHS 3689 and 3690 were found moving on the surface at 09:00 and 13:00 hrs in a mixed agricultural plot of coconut, arecanut and plantain. BNHS 3691 was found close to a teak plantation at 08:35, moving in leaf litter following light rains.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="947036DABF334D07FF74D52BFEF6852B" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="12" pageNumber="86">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF334D07FF74D52BFBE0862F" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[199,476,259,285]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF334D07FF74D52BFBE0862F" box="[199,476,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="86">Rhinophis fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clearly tolerates at least low-intensity agriculture and human disturbance, and is known from multiple locations up to approximately
|
||
<quantity id="53379B3FBF334D07FD36D50FF8E48673" box="[645,728,295,321]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="86" unit="km" value="140.0">140 km</quantity>
|
||
apart. However, road traffic is clearly a threat at some locations, only three or four extant populations are known with certainty, and population sizes and trends are unknown. It seems unlikely that the species is particularly widespread and/or abundant at mid-elevations in the southern Western Ghats, areas that are generally better sampled for uropeltid snakes. Given the small amount of information currently available, we believe that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="53CF4D59BF334D07FE79D59FF8B786E3" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[458,651,439,465]" class="Squamata" family="Uropeltidae" genus="Rhinophis" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="86" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fergusonianus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6BBEAC8BF334D07FE79D59FF8B786E3" box="[458,651,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="86">R. fergusonianus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently qualifies as Data Deficient under IUCN Red List criteria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F05E4B2BBF334D07FF2CD5F3F84086C7" author="IUCN Species Survival Commission & SC" box="[159,636,475,501]" pageId="12" pageNumber="86" refId="ref9283" refString="IUCN Species Survival Commission (SC) (2012) IUCN Red List categories and criteria, Version 3.1. 2 nd Edition. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge, 32 pp." type="book" year="2012">IUCN Species Survival Commission 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), though expect that a more informative assessment could soon be made now that the species is better characterised and its geographical distribution somewhat clarified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |