treatments-xml/data/0C/33/38/0C333821FFDBFF9BFF4CFCD4FD39F788.xml
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<mods:title id="7619C064D039871BCB1AB5A27DB5931C">Oligotomidae (Insecta: Embioptera) of Mt. Makiling, Los Baños, Philippines, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="319B6450B3A4C58638B4A6CD257BE657">Lucañas, Cristian C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="600A3A6160F6F82A361507EDB7F3CD15">Lit, Ireneo L.</mods:namePart>
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Species
<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFF22FCD4FD73F30A" ID-CoL="497R5" authority="(Saussure 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Saussure" baseAuthorityYear="1896" box="[249,744,854,880]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humbertiana">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFF22FCD4FD87F30A" bold="true" box="[249,540,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Oligotoma humbertiana</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFDF0FCD4FD7BF30A" box="[555,736,854,880]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5860" refString="Saussure, H. (1896) Note sur la tribu des Embiens. Mitteilungen der Schweizeruschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 9, 339 - 355." type="journal article">Saussure 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
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</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="1CA195B2FFDBFF9BFF4CFCFBFF42F3E8" box="[151,217,889,914]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,211,930]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1413,195,937]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure 1896): habit of (A) male and (B) female; (C) male head with submentum; (D) male hind basitarsus; male terminalia, (E) dorsal and (F)ventral, (G) female abdominal sternites 911." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFF4CFC3EFDB6F3A8" ID-CoL="39FVC" authority="Saussure 1896: 353" authorityName="Saussure" authorityPageNumber="353" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,557,956,978]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Embia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humbertiana">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFF4CFC3EFEFAF3A8" box="[151,353,956,978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Embia humbertiana</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFEBCFC3EFDB6F3A8" author="" box="[359,557,956,978]" page="353" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFEBCFC3EFE65F3A8" box="[359,510,956,978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5860" refString="Saussure, H. (1896) Note sur la tribu des Embiens. Mitteilungen der Schweizeruschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 9, 339 - 355." type="journal article">Saussure 1896</bibRefCitation>
: 353
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(Holotype: Ceylon (now Sri-Lanka), Museum d‟Histoire Naturelle, Geneva).
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<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFF4CFC58FE17F38A" box="[151,396,986,1008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Oligotoma humbertiana</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFE47FC58FDD1F38A" author="" box="[412,586,986,1008]" page="186" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFE47FC58FD8EF38A" box="[412,533,986,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref4444" refString="Davis, C. (1939) Taxonomic notes on the order Embioptera. I. The genotype of Oligotoma Westwood. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 64, 181 - 190." type="journal article">Davis 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 186
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</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFD8DFC59FD61F38A" author="" box="[598,762,986,1008]" page="674" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFD8DFC59FD5EF38A" box="[598,709,986,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5476" refString="Ross, E. S. (1940) A revision of Embioptera of North America. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 33, 629 - 676. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 33.4.629" type="journal article">Ross 1940</bibRefCitation>
: 674
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFCDDFC59FC30F38A" author="" box="[774,939,986,1008]" page="496" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFCDDFC59FCEDF38A" box="[774,886,986,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5560" refString="Ross, E. S. (1944) A revision of the Embioptera of the New World. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 94 (3175), 401 - 504." type="journal article">Ross 1944</bibRefCitation>
: 496
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFC6CFC59FBDAF38A" author="" box="[951,1089,986,1008]" page="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFC6CFC59FBBCF38A" box="[951,1063,986,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5653" refString="Ross, E. S. (1955) Embioptera. Insects of Micronesia, 8 (1), 1 - 8." type="journal article">Ross 1955</bibRefCitation>
: 6
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFB95FC58FA03F38A" author="" box="[1102,1432,986,1008]" page="226" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFB95FC58FAF8F38A" box="[1102,1379,986,1008]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref4157" refString="Ananthasubramanian, K. S. (1956) Biology of Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure) (Oligotomidae, Embioptera). Indian Journal of Entomology, 18, 226 - 232." type="journal article">Ananthasubramanian 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 226
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFF1CFC78FD97F475" author="" box="[199,524,1017,1039]" page="120" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFF1CFC78FE42F475" box="[199,473,1017,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref4773" refString="Kapur, A. &amp; Kripalani, M. B. (1957) Studies in Indian Embioptera. Part I. The Oligotomidae of India. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 190 (3), 111 - 134." type="journal article">Kapur and Kripalani 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 120
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFDC2FC7BFD4DF475" author="" box="[537,726,1017,1039]" page="264" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFDC2FC7BFD3AF475" box="[537,673,1017,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref4260" refString="Bradoo, B. L. (1971) Two new species of Embioptera with records of others from South India. Oriental Insects, 5 (2), 264 - 267. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1971.10434013" type="journal article">Bradoo 1971</bibRefCitation>
: 264
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFD39FC78FCF0F475" author="" box="[738,875,1017,1039]" page="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFD39FC78FCCAF475" box="[738,849,1017,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5677" refString="Ross, E. S. (1978) The Embiidina of China. Memoirs of the Hong Kong Natural History Society, 13, 1 - 8." type="journal article">Ross 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 6
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFCA3FC78FB87F475" author="" box="[888,1052,1017,1039]" page="341" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
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: 341
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFBF3FC7BFA95F475" author="" box="[1064,1294,1017,1039]" page="410" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFBF3FC7BFB41F475" box="[1064,1242,1017,1039]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5283" refString="Poolprasert, P. (2012) The embiopteran genus Oligotoma Westwood, 1837 (Embioptera: Oligotomidae), with three new recorded species from Thailand. Kasetsart Journal of Natural Science, 46, 408 - 417." type="journal article">Poolprasert 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 410
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="053BAF26FFDBFF9BFAC1FC7BFEE6F454" author="" page="1565" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFAC1FC7BFEDBF454" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref4393" refString="Chandra, K. &amp; Dawn, P. (2014) First record of four species of webspinners (Insecta: Embioptera) from Chhattisgarh, India. Check List, 10 (6), 1565 - 1569. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 10.6.1565" type="journal article">Chandra and Dawn 2014</bibRefCitation>
: 1565
</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFF4CFBD7FE1BF414" bold="true" box="[151,384,1109,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<collectorName id="296FECE1FFDBFF9BFF4CFBD7FF64F414" box="[151,255,1109,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Material</collectorName>
examined.
</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="929C42BEFFDBFF9BFE5CFBD4FE7BF414" box="[391,480,1109,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="929C42BEFFDBFF9BFE30FBD4FDC2F414" box="[491,601,1109,1134]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
,
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFDBEFBD7FD73F414" box="[613,744,1109,1134]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Philippines</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="6441134DFFDBFF9BFD2AFBD4FCA6F417" box="[753,829,1110,1133]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Luzon</collectingMunicipality>
:
<location id="8145DFECFFDBFF9BFC9CFBD4FC5AF417" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0C333821FFDBFF9BFF4CFCD4FD39F788:8145DFECFFDBFF9BFC9CFBD4FC5AF417" box="[839,961,1110,1133]" country="Philippines" municipality="Luzon" name="Los Banos" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" stateProvince="Laguna">Los Baños</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="465E47D5FFDBFF9BFC17FBD4FBBFF414" box="[972,1060,1110,1134]" country="Philippines" name="Laguna" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Laguna</collectingRegion>
</materialsCitation>
; on
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFB8AFBD4FB58F417" box="[1105,1219,1110,1133]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Sweetenia</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFB11FBD7FA03F414" authority="King" authorityName="King" box="[1226,1432,1109,1134]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Swietenia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrophylla">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFB11FBD7FACCF417" box="[1226,1367,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">macrophylla</emphasis>
King
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="F024AFF7FFDBFF9BFF4CFBFBFE8FF4EB" box="[151,276,1145,1169]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" value="2014-03-15">15-iii-2014</date>
(C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00006♂);
<collectedFrom id="3786CACAFFDBFF9BFCE0FBF8FA8CF4E8" box="[827,1303,1145,1170]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
on
<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFCB2FBF8FA8CF4E8" authority="(Kunth) O. F. Cook" authorityName="(Kunth) O.F.Cook" box="[873,1303,1145,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Roystonea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFCB2FBF8FBB1F4EB" box="[873,1066,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Roystonea regia</emphasis>
(Kunth) O.F.Cook
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="F024AFF7FFDBFF9BFAF6FBFBFA07F4E8" box="[1325,1436,1145,1170]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" value="2014-01-15">15-i-2014</date>
(C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00009♂);
<collectedFrom id="3786CACAFFDBFF9BFD49FB1CFC30F4CF" box="[658,939,1181,1205]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
on
<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFD62FB1CFC30F4CF" box="[697,939,1181,1205]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Cynometra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramiflora">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFD62FB1CFC30F4CF" box="[697,939,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Cynometra ramiflora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
L.,
<date id="F024AFF7FFDBFF9BFC04FB1FFBC6F4CC" box="[991,1117,1181,1206]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" value="2014-08-09">9-viii-2014</date>
(C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00017♂ - 00018♀); on
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFDD3FB40FD31F4A3" box="[520,682,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Cassia fistula</emphasis>
L.,
<date id="F024AFF7FFDBFF9BFD32FB43FCFEF4A3" box="[745,869,1217,1241]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" value="2014-06-25">25-vi-2014</date>
(C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00019♀);
<collectedFrom id="3786CACAFFDBFF9BFA5BFB40FE53F484" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
on
<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFF4CFB64FE53F484" authority="Willd." authorityName="Willd." box="[151,456,1253,1278]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Pterocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFF4CFB64FEE3F487" box="[151,376,1253,1277]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Pterocarpus indicus</emphasis>
Willd.
</taxonomicName>
</collectedFrom>
,
<date id="F024AFF7FFDBFF9BFE08FB67FDCBF484" box="[467,592,1253,1278]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" value="2014-06-27">27-vi-2014</date>
(C.C.Lucañas, UPLBMNH EMB-00020♀)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC80DABCFFDBFF9BFF1CFA8BFD7FF558" box="[199,740,1289,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="84258937FFDBFF9BFF1CFA8BFD7FF558" blockId="5.[151,1437,1109,2034]" box="[199,740,1289,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFF1CFA8BFEF9F558" bold="true" box="[199,354,1289,1314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Distribution:</emphasis>
Indian in origin, now widespread.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC80DABCFFDBFF9BFF1CFAAFFD36F510" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="84258937FFDBFF9BFF1CFAAFFD36F510" blockId="5.[151,1437,1109,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFF1CFAAFFED8F53C" bold="true" box="[199,323,1325,1350]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFE90FAAFFDC2F53F" authorityName=": Davis" authorityYear="1939" box="[331,601,1325,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humbertiana">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFE90FAAFFDC2F53F" box="[331,601,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Oligotoma humbertiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFC4EFAAFFB96F53F" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1837" box="[917,1037,1325,1349]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFC4EFAAFFB96F53F" box="[917,1037,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Oligotoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species by the small apical process on the narrow, curved 10RP and the bifid 10LP.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC80DABCFFDBFF9BFF1CFAF7FC21F68C" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" type="description">
<paragraph id="84258937FFDBFF9BFF1CFAF7FC39F5CB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1109,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFF1CFAF7FEC0F5F4" bold="true" box="[199,347,1397,1422]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Description:</emphasis>
Size (mm):
<specimenCount id="929C42BEFFDBFF9BFE3CFAF4FE67F5F7" box="[487,508,1398,1421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" type="male"></specimenCount>
BL: 7.9 ± 0.74; HL × HW: 1.2 ± 0.06 x 1.0 ± 0.15; OR: 0.36 ± 0.01 Fw: 4.1 ±0.1; Hw: 4.6 ± 0.36.
<specimenCount id="929C42BEFFDBFF9BFE96FA18FEF9F5CB" box="[333,354,1434,1457]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" type="female"></specimenCount>
BL: 7.9 ± 0.74; HL × HW: 1.2 ± 0.06 x 1.1 ± 0.06.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84258937FFDBFF9BFF1CFA3FFC4EF6F0" blockId="5.[151,1437,1109,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
Alate male (
<figureCitation id="1CA195B2FFDBFF9BFE83FA3FFE2FF5AC" box="[344,436,1469,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,211,930]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1413,195,937]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure 1896): habit of (A) male and (B) female; (C) male head with submentum; (D) male hind basitarsus; male terminalia, (E) dorsal and (F)ventral, (G) female abdominal sternites 911." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
) varying from light to dark brown. Antennae filiform, covered with setae. Mandibles conspicuous. Incisor darkly pigmented, three on left, two on right. Submentum semiquadrate, with anterior side deeply convex (
<figureCitation id="1CA195B2FFDBFF9BFE8AF987FE35F664" box="[337,430,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,211,930]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1413,195,937]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure 1896): habit of (A) male and (B) female; (C) male head with submentum; (D) male hind basitarsus; male terminalia, (E) dorsal and (F)ventral, (G) female abdominal sternites 911." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
). Pronotum concolorous with abdomen. Hind basitarsus with single papilla (
<figureCitation id="1CA195B2FFDBFF9BFAEAF987FA14F664" box="[1329,1423,1541,1566]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,211,930]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1413,195,937]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure 1896): habit of (A) male and (B) female; (C) male head with submentum; (D) male hind basitarsus; male terminalia, (E) dorsal and (F)ventral, (G) female abdominal sternites 911." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Abdomen black-brown. Terminalia (
<figureCitation id="1CA195B2FFDBFF9BFDEBF9ABFD2BF638" box="[560,688,1577,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,211,930]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1413,195,937]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure 1896): habit of (A) male and (B) female; (C) male head with submentum; (D) male hind basitarsus; male terminalia, (E) dorsal and (F)ventral, (G) female abdominal sternites 911." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Figs. 3E, F</figureCitation>
): LCB laterally elongate, encircling inner sides of LC. 10LP broad basally narrowing and curving leftward, with minute bifurcated teeth. 10RP with distinct subapical process. H broad basally. HP narrowing to blunt edge. LPPT narrow horizontal hook.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84258937FFDBFF9BFF1CF917FC21F68C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1109,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
Female (
<figureCitation id="1CA195B2FFDBFF9BFEF2F917FEE4F6D4" box="[297,383,1685,1710]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,211,930]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1413,195,937]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure 1896): habit of (A) male and (B) female; (C) male head with submentum; (D) male hind basitarsus; male terminalia, (E) dorsal and (F)ventral, (G) female abdominal sternites 911." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
) generally dark brown to black. Head sometimes reddish. Hind basitarsus with single papilla. Sternite 8 mostly unpigmented with Ushaped pigment medially and posterolateral markings (
<figureCitation id="1CA195B2FFDBFF9BFB1BF93BFA80F6A8" box="[1216,1307,1721,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,211,930]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1413,195,937]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure 1896): habit of (A) male and (B) female; (C) male head with submentum; (D) male hind basitarsus; male terminalia, (E) dorsal and (F)ventral, (G) female abdominal sternites 911." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
). Sternite 9 unpigmented anteriorly with anteromedial and lateral macula (
<figureCitation id="1CA195B2FFDBFF9BFC89F95FFC36F68C" box="[850,941,1757,1782]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,959,981]" captionTargetBox="[188,1413,211,930]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[173,1413,195,937]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Oligotoma humbertiana (Saussure 1896): habit of (A) male and (B) female; (C) male head with submentum; (D) male hind basitarsus; male terminalia, (E) dorsal and (F)ventral, (G) female abdominal sternites 911." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1241839/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CC80DABCFFDBFF9BFF1CF883FD39F788" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="84258937FFDBFF9BFF1CF883FC33F718" blockId="5.[151,1437,1109,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFF1CF883FEA0F760" bold="true" box="[199,315,1793,1818]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFE99F883FDCAF763" authorityName=": Davis" authorityYear="1939" box="[322,593,1793,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humbertiana">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFE99F883FDCAF763" box="[322,593,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Oligotoma humbertiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered a “weed” species and has been introduced to the
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFAC5F883FA07F760" box="[1310,1436,1793,1818]" name="Philippines" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Philippines</collectingCountry>
and other countries such as
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFE3AF8A7FDACF744" box="[481,567,1829,1854]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
<collectingRegion id="465E47D5FFDBFF9BFE3AF8A7FDACF744" box="[481,567,1829,1854]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Mexico</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
via the
<collectingRegion id="465E47D5FFDBFF9BFD46F8A7FD77F744" box="[669,748,1829,1854]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Manila</collectingRegion>
Galleon trade (
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFC7DF8A4FBBFF744" box="[934,1060,1830,1854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5706" refString="Ross, E. S. (1984) A synopsis of the Embiidina of the United States. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 86 (1), 82 - 93." type="journal article">Ross 1984</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFBE7F8A7FB19F744" box="[1084,1154,1829,1854]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFB4AF8A7FB65F744" box="[1169,1278,1829,1854]" name="Indonesia" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFACAF8A4FA0BF744" box="[1297,1424,1830,1854]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5742" refString="Ross, E. S. (2000) Embia: Contributions to the biosystematics of the insect order Embiidina. Part 1: Origin, relationships and integumental anatomy of the insect order Embiidina. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 149, 1 - 36." type="journal article">Ross 2000</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFF4CF8CBFE8BF718" box="[151,272,1865,1890]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Hongkong</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFEC0F8CBFE4AF718" box="[283,465,1865,1890]" name="Northern Mariana Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Mariana Islands</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFE06F8CBFDB4F718" box="[477,559,1865,1890]" name="Taiwan" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFDBEF8CBFD52F718" box="[613,713,1865,1890]" name="Thailand" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFD0CF8CBFC06F718" box="[727,925,1865,1890]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref5283" refString="Poolprasert, P. (2012) The embiopteran genus Oligotoma Westwood, 1837 (Embioptera: Oligotomidae), with three new recorded species from Thailand. Kasetsart Journal of Natural Science, 46, 408 - 417." type="journal article">Poolprasert 2012</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="84258937FFDBFF9BFF1CF8EFFD39F788" blockId="5.[151,1437,1109,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">
The observed specimens agree with the previous descriptions of the species except for specimens described by
<bibRefCitation id="E00BF4C6FFDBFF9BFF4CF813FE2BF7D0" box="[151,432,1937,1962]" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" refId="ref4393" refString="Chandra, K. &amp; Dawn, P. (2014) First record of four species of webspinners (Insecta: Embioptera) from Chhattisgarh, India. Check List, 10 (6), 1565 - 1569. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 10.6.1565" type="journal article">Chandra &amp; Dawn (2014)</bibRefCitation>
from
<collectingCountry id="FC8DC9A7FFDBFF9BFE2EF813FDAAF7D0" box="[501,561,1937,1962]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">India</collectingCountry>
, which greatly differ in the curvature of 10RP; other than that character other structures are similar. It is possible that the Chandra &amp; Dawn specimens represent a different subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="439AF2B4FFDBFF9BFA5AF834FEBDF78B" authorityName=": Davis" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Oligotomidae" genus="Oligotoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Embioptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="178" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humbertiana">
<emphasis id="B6EE5525FFDBFF9BFA5AF834FEBDF78B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="178">O. humbertiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or a completely different species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>