346 lines
38 KiB
XML
346 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="FD6BC75A99F7B68FCAAEEF44E31D33FA" ID-CLB-Dataset="46716" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3753.4.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5ce189c6-81bd-4863-b838-cc62034258e7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="230209" ID-ZooBank="D7A900A9-CF7F-4FB8-BE2F-E6A3039BE84A" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460365913424" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Li, Xiangxiang, Xu, Zhihong, Zhu, Chaodong, Zhao, Jinnian & He, Yuyou" docDate="2014" docId="03F6D411FFF9FE4AFF30CCEF7781FF57" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03753p397.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3753 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aprostocetus Westwood 1833" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="393" masterDocId="FFCFAC69FFF8FE48FFA7CC34766AFFAF" masterDocTitle="A new phytophagous eulophid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) that feeds within leaf buds and cones of Pinus massoniana" masterLastPageNumber="397" masterPageNumber="391" pageNumber="392" updateTime="1698295195336" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3C7591F6D78F41C01174081DBF0314DF">A new phytophagous eulophid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) that feeds within leaf buds and cones of Pinus massoniana</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C7CA7F4AC35B073B8A7A24AFE036EDE6">Li, Xiangxiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF00A45C25E9B04693FD75BBBAA69EDF">Xu, Zhihong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="657DAB672B1FA7D21ABB123BED3F6620">Zhu, Chaodong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1F6F05D0E1BB1D98082B03D852924A85">Zhao, Jinnian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DB67DEB3AF7D37F98BAF909A4DA5496D">He, Yuyou</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="80F1BE7C2253DEDF88D8459843B8ADC3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F2C36699243F4C2A0B3162B000D1F64D">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D4315F739E7E9FA1AA9442AEC3100FFC">3753</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF30CCEF7787FF5C" blockId="1.[151,493,218,243]" box="[151,493,218,243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<heading id="D0A8D26BFFF9FE49FF30CCEF7787FF5C" bold="true" box="[151,493,218,243]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF30CCEF7787FF5C" ID-CoL="62CP8" ID-ENA="108626" authority="Westwood 1833" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,493,218,243]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF30CCEF7787FF5C" bold="true" box="[151,493,218,243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF30CCEF7746FF5C" bold="true" box="[151,300,219,243]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Aprostocetus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FE94CCEE7787FF5C" author="Westwood" box="[307,493,218,243]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1833) LXXIII. Descriptions of several new British forms amongst the parasitic hymenopterous insects. Philosophical Magazine Series 3, 2, 443 - 445. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786443308648084" type="journal article" year="1833">Westwood 1833</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="C345368CFFF9FE49FF30CD2A7683FDDC" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF30CD2A7584FE9C" blockId="1.[151,1436,285,522]" box="[151,1006,285,307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F4229FFF9FE49FF30CD2A7584FE9C" box="[151,1006,285,307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF30CD2A746AFE9C" ID-CoL="62CP8" authority="Westwood, 1833: 444" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="444" authorityYear="1833" box="[151,512,285,307]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF30CD2A7771FE9C" box="[151,283,286,307]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Aprostocetus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFE4316FFF9FE49FE87CD29746AFE9C" author="Westwood" box="[288,512,285,307]" page="444" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" year="1833">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FE87CD2977A7FE9C" author="Westwood" box="[288,461,285,307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1833) LXXIII. Descriptions of several new British forms amongst the parasitic hymenopterous insects. Philosophical Magazine Series 3, 2, 443 - 445. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 14786443308648084" type="journal article" year="1833">Westwood, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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: 444
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54E4DBA5FFF9FE49FDADCD2A7456FE9C" box="[522,572,286,307]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FD3ECD2A7584FE9C" ID-CoL="FXHL" authority="Westwood" authorityName="Westwood" box="[665,1006,285,307]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caudatus">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FD3ECD2A7514FE9C" box="[665,894,285,307]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Aprostocetus caudatus</emphasis>
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Westwood
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF30CD087330FEFD" blockId="1.[151,1436,285,522]" box="[151,1370,316,338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F4229FFF9FE49FF30CD087330FEFD" box="[151,1370,316,338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF30CD087462FEFD" authority="Girault, 1913: 71" authorityName="Girault" authorityPageNumber="71" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,520,316,338]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asyntomosphyrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF30CD087738FEFD" box="[151,338,316,338]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Asyntomosphyrum</emphasis>
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Girault, 1913: 71
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54E4DBA5FFF9FE49FDB5CD09742EFEFD" box="[530,580,317,338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FD06CD087207FEFD" authority="Girault. Synonymized" authorityName="Girault. Synonymized" box="[673,1133,316,338]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Asyntomosphyrum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pax">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FD06CD0875EDFEFD" box="[673,903,316,338]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Asyntomosphyrum pax</emphasis>
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Girault. Synonymized
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFE4316FFF9FE49FB34CD08733CFEFD" author="Boucek" box="[1171,1366,316,338]" page="676" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FB34CD087349FEFD" author="Boucek" box="[1171,1315,316,338]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Boucek, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, 832 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bouček, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 676
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF30CD6E733FFEDF" blockId="1.[151,1436,285,522]" box="[151,1365,346,368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F4229FFF9FE49FF30CD6E733FFEDF" box="[151,1365,346,368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF30CD6E7464FEDF" authority="Girault, 1917: 257" authorityName="Girault" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1917" box="[151,526,346,368]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Blattotetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF30CD6E7721FEDF" box="[151,331,346,368]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Blattotetrastichus</emphasis>
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Girault, 1917: 257
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54E4DBA5FFF9FE49FDBFCD6F7420FEDF" box="[536,586,347,368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FD00CD6E721BFEDF" ID-CoL="39XHZ" authority="Ratzeburg. Synonymized" authorityName="Ratzeburg. Synonymized" box="[679,1137,346,368]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Entedon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hagenowii">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FD00CD6E7501FEDF" box="[679,875,346,368]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Entedon hagenowii</emphasis>
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Ratzeburg. Synonymized
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFE4316FFF9FE49FB30CD6E733BFEDF" author="Graham" box="[1175,1361,346,368]" page="36" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" year="1961">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FB30CD6E7341FEDF" author="Graham" box="[1175,1323,346,368]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Graham, M. W. R. d. V. (1961) The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 97, 34 - 64." type="journal article" year="1961">Graham, 1961</bibRefCitation>
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: 36
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF30CD4D733AFE20" blockId="1.[151,1436,285,522]" box="[151,1360,377,399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F4229FFF9FE49FF30CD4D733AFE20" box="[151,1360,377,399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF30CD4D7780FE20" authority="Girault, 1913: 257" authorityName="Girault" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,490,377,399]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Duotrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF30CD4D774CFE20" box="[151,294,377,399]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Duotrastichus</emphasis>
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Girault, 1913: 257
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54E4DBA5FFF9FE49FE54CD4E744FFE20" box="[499,549,378,399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FD24CD4D7209FE20" authority="Girault. Synonymized" authorityName="Girault. Synonymized" box="[643,1123,377,399]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Duotrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="monticola">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FD24CD4D7517FE20" box="[643,893,377,399]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Duotrastichus monticola</emphasis>
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Girault. Synonymized
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFE4316FFF9FE49FB2ECD4D7326FE20" author="Boucek" box="[1161,1356,377,399]" page="677" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FB2ECD4D7373FE20" author="Boucek" box="[1161,1305,377,399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Boucek, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, 832 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bouček, 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: 677
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF30CDAC769EFE63" blockId="1.[151,1436,285,522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F4229FFF9FE49FF30CDAC769EFE63" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF30CDAC7786FE01" authority="Girault, 1913: 205" authorityName="Girault" authorityPageNumber="205" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,492,408,430]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Epentastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF30CDAC774FFE01" box="[151,293,408,430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Epentastichus</emphasis>
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Girault, 1913: 205
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</taxonomicName>
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, 229.
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<typeStatus id="54E4DBA5FFF9FE49FD8BCDAD7434FE01" box="[556,606,409,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FD19CDAC72B4FE01" authority="Girault. Synonymized" authorityName="Girault. Synonymized" box="[702,1246,408,430]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Epitetrastichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="speciosissimus">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FD19CDAC759FFE01" box="[702,1013,408,430]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Epitetrastichus speciosissimus</emphasis>
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Girault. Synonymized
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFE4316FFF9FE49FAA0CDAC769AFE63" author="Boucek" page="676" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" year="1988">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FAA0CDAC73F2FE01" author="Boucek" box="[1287,1432,408,430]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Boucek, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, 832 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bouček, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 676
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF30CDE1736FFE44" blockId="1.[151,1436,285,522]" box="[151,1285,469,491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F4229FFF9FE49FF30CDE1736FFE44" box="[151,1285,469,491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF30CDE177A5FE44" authority="Erdos, 1954: 365" authorityName="Erdos" authorityPageNumber="365" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,463,469,491]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Gyrolachnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF30CDE17773FE44" box="[151,281,469,491]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Gyrolachnus</emphasis>
|
|
Erdös, 1954: 365
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E4DBA5FFF9FE49FE7ECDE27461FE44" box="[473,523,470,491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
|
|
species:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FDCFCDE1724AFE44" authority="Erdos. Synonymized" authorityName="Erdos. Synonymized" box="[616,1056,469,491]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Gyrolachnus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longulus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FDCFCDE1752DFE44" box="[616,839,469,491]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Gyrolachnus longulus</emphasis>
|
|
Erdös. Synonymized
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AFE4316FFF9FE49FBE1CDE1736BFE44" author="Graham" box="[1094,1281,469,491]" page="44" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" year="1961">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FBE1CDE172B1FE44" author="Graham" box="[1094,1243,469,491]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Graham, M. W. R. d. V. (1961) The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 97, 34 - 64." type="journal article" year="1961">Graham, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 44
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF30CDC07353FDA5" blockId="1.[151,1436,285,522]" box="[151,1337,500,522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
|
|
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F4229FFF9FE49FF30CDC07353FDA5" box="[151,1337,500,522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF30CDC0778AFDA5" authority="Cameron, 1913: 175" authorityName="Cameron" authorityPageNumber="175" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,480,500,522]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Hadrothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF30CDC07762FDA5" box="[151,264,500,522]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hadrothrix</emphasis>
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3482597FFF9FE49FEA9CDC07707FDA5" box="[270,365,500,522]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
|
, 1913: 175
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<typeStatus id="54E4DBA5FFF9FE49FE4DCDC17476FDA5" box="[490,540,501,522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Type</typeStatus>
|
|
species:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FDDECDC07222FDA5" authority="Cameron. Synonymized" authorityName="Cameron. Synonymized" box="[633,1096,500,522]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Hadrothrix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="purpurea">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FDDECDC07527FDA5" box="[633,845,500,522]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Hadrothrix purpurea</emphasis>
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3482597FFF9FE49FCF3CDC075DEFDA5" box="[852,948,500,522]" name="Cameroon" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Cameron</collectingCountry>
|
|
. Synonymized
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<treatmentCitation id="0AFE4316FFF9FE49FBC9CDC0735FFDA5" author="Graham" box="[1134,1333,500,522]" page="129" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" year="1987">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FBC9CDC07368FDA5" author="Graham" box="[1134,1282,500,522]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Graham, M. W. R. d. V. (1987) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 55 (1), 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="1987">Graham, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 129
|
|
</treatmentCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF30CE037683FDDC" blockId="1.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
|
|
For more complete lists of synonymies see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FD3ACE02752CFDE0" author="Graham" box="[669,838,566,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Graham, M. W. R. d. V. (1961) The genus Aprostocetus Westwood sensu lato (Hym., Eulophidae) notes on the synonymy of European species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 97, 34 - 64." type="journal article" year="1961">Graham (1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FCF0CE0375F9FDE0" author="Graham" box="[855,915,567,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Graham, M. W. R. d. V. (1987) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 55 (1), 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FC0CCE027233FDE0" author="Boucek" box="[939,1113,566,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Boucek, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International Wallingford, Oxon, 832 pp." type="book" year="1988">Bouček (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, LaSalle (1994) and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FAF2CE03768FFDDC" author="Noyes" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Noyes, J. S. (2012) Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication. Available from: http: // www. nhm. ac. uk / chalcidoids (accessed June 2012)." type="book chapter" year="2012">Noyes (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C345368CFFF9FE49FF60CE4A7579F9B4" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF60CE4A727DFD38" blockId="1.[151,1437,566,2031]" box="[199,1047,638,663]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF60CE4A7733FD38" bold="true" box="[199,345,638,663]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Description.</emphasis>
|
|
Body metallic or non-metallic, with or without pale markings.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF60CE96776DFC3C" blockId="1.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Head with malar sulcus present, usually straight or only slightly curved, occasionally foveate below eye. Eyes and ocelli fully developed. Mandible tridentate with outer tooth acute, middle and inner teeth progressively more obtuse. Female antenna with scape and pedicel having weakly engraved or obsolescent reticulation; anelli discoid to laminar, usually 4, rarely 3 or 2; funicle usually with 3, rarely 4, segments; clava most often with 3 segments but sometimes 2 owing to obsolescence of the second suture, very rarely solid. Male antenna with sculpture of scape and pedicel as in female; funicle with 4 segments, segments often with a whorl of elongate setae, clava with 3 segments.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF60CFAB7467FA24" blockId="1.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Mesosoma with pronotum usually short or very short (rarely moderately long), without a transverse carina. Mid lobe of mesoscutum nearly always with 1 row of adnotaular setae on each side (rarely with 2 or 3 rows), the anterior setae usually shorter than posterior setae. Setae of pronotum and mesoscutum not all equal in length. Scutellum nearly always at least slightly broader than long; normally with 2 pairs of setae which are almost always nearer to submedian than to sublateral lines; submedian lines usually distinct (occasionally weak, rarely absent); sublateral lines neither broad nor deep. Propodeum with reticulation varying from obsolescent to slightly raised, never very strong; median carina present; plicae and paraspiracular carinae absent; spiracles in most species moderate-sized and suboval, very close to metanotum (occasionally very small and subcircular or very rarely large), the outer part of their rim nearly always partly covered by a raised flap of the callus. Legs with hind coxa lacking dorsolateral longitudinal carina; first segment of mid and hind tarsi at least as long as second (sometimes very slightly shorter) in most species. Wings nearly always macropterous (rarely shortened or almost rudimentary); costal cell with a row of setae on lower surface; submarginal vein usually with 2 or more dorsal setae (rarely only 1 seta); parastigma hardly ever marked off from marginal vein by a decolourized area; postmarginal vein absent to at most half as long as stigmal vein.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF60C9A37579F9B4" blockId="1.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Gaster not strongly sclerotized, collapsing to a greater or lesser degree on air-drying; ovipositor sheaths usually projecting at least slightly (in rare cases even longer than the body), but occasionally not projecting; cercus most often with one seta slightly to very distinctly longer than the other and usually more or less sinuate or kinked near middle. Anterior margin of female hypopygium trilobed.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C345368CFFF9FE4AFF60CA1274E8FF7A" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF60CA12770CF8B8" blockId="1.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF60CA127751F990" bold="true" box="[199,315,1574,1599]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
|
Species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FE6FCA137433F991" box="[456,601,1575,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FE6FCA137433F991" box="[456,601,1575,1598]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Aprostocetus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be separated from other genera of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FB89CA1272A1F990" box="[1070,1227,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tetrastichinae">Tetrastichinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
by the characters given in keys by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FEF2CA7E7790F9CC" author="Graham" box="[341,506,1610,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Graham, M. W. R. d. V. (1987) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 55 (1), 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="1987">Graham (1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FDA2CA7F7454F9CC" author="Graham" box="[517,574,1611,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Graham, M. W. R. de V. (1991) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): revision of the remaining genera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 49, 1 - 322." type="journal article" year="1991">1991</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and LaSalle (1994). The description given above illustrates the great deal of morphological variation that is found within
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FD01CA5B755DF929" box="[678,823,1647,1670]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FD01CA5B755DF929" box="[678,823,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Aprostocetus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, but as a general rule species can be recognized by having the following combination of characters: submarginal vein with 3 or more dorsal setae, one of the cercal setae distinctly longer than the remaining setae and sinuate, propodeal spiracle partially covered by a raised lobe or flap on the callus, malar sulcus straight or only slightly curved, and mesosternum usually flat just anterior to trochantinal lobes.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE49FF60CB177449F82D" blockId="1.[151,1437,566,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
|
|
For notes on the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FE2DCB16778EF894" box="[394,484,1826,1851]" family="Nimaviridae" genus="Chinese" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="1" pageNumber="397" rank="genus">Chinese</taxonomicName>
|
|
species see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FDD4CB167549F894" author="Graham" box="[627,803,1826,1851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Graham, M. W. R. d. V. (1987) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 55 (1), 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="1987">Graham (1987)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FC96CB167247F894" author="Sheng" box="[817,1069,1826,1851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Sheng, J. K. & Zhao, F. X. (1995) A new species of Aprostocetus from China (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae: Tetrastichinae). Insect Science, 2, 308 - 310. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7917.1995. tb 00052. x" type="journal article" year="1995">Sheng & Zhao (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FB9CCB1772A0F894" author="Yang" box="[1083,1226,1826,1851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Yang, Z. Q. (1996) Parasitic wasps on bark beetles in China (Hymenoptera). Science Press, Beijing, 351 pp." type="book" year="1996">Yang (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FB7FCB1773FDF894" box="[1240,1431,1826,1851]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Wu, G. Y., Xu, Z. H. & Lang, X. J. (2001) A New Species of the Genus Aprostocetus Westwood (Hymenoptera: Eulophidea) from China. Forest Research, 14, 530 - 532." type="journal article">
|
|
Wu
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FAAFCB107328F894" box="[1288,1346,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2001)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FF30CB727717F8F0" author="Zhu" box="[151,381,1862,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Zhu, C. D. & Huang, D. W. (2001) A Taxonomic Study on Eulophidae from Zhejiang, China (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 26, 533 - 547." type="journal article" year="2001">Zhu & Huang (2001</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FE2FCB7377AEF8F0" author="Huang" box="[392,452,1863,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Zhu, C. D. & Huang, D. W. (2002) A taxonomic study on Eulophidae from Guangxi, China (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 27, 583 - 607." type="journal article" year="2002">2002</bibRefCitation>
|
|
),
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FE70CB7374CEF8F0" box="[471,676,1862,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Yang, Z. Q., Wang, C. Z. & Liu, Y. M. (2003) A new species in the genus Aprostocetus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing pupa of fall webworm from Yantai, Shandong Province, China. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 39, 87 - 90." type="journal article">
|
|
Yang
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FDBFCB73743AF8F0" box="[536,592,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2003)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FD08CB7375FEF8F0" author="Xu" box="[687,916,1863,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Xu, Z. H. & Huang, J. (2004) Chinese fauna of parasitic wasps on scale insects. Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers, Shanghai, 524 pp." type="book" year="2004">Xu & Huang (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FC38CB737219F8F0" box="[927,1139,1862,1887]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Weng, L. Q., He, L. F., Chen, X. F. & Xu, Z. F. (2007) First description of Aprostocetus asthenogmus (Waterston) from China (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Natural Enemies of Insects, 29 (2), 88 - 91." type="journal article">
|
|
Weng
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FC41CB737275F8F0" box="[998,1055,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
(2007)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
. At present there is no key to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF13CB5E7764F82C" box="[180,270,1898,1923]" family="Nimaviridae" genus="Chinese" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Viruses" pageId="1" pageNumber="397" rank="genus">Chinese</taxonomicName>
|
|
species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FE2CCB5F7476F82D" box="[395,540,1899,1922]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FE2CCB5F7476F82D" box="[395,540,1899,1922]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Aprostocetus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFF9FE4AFF60CBBA74E8FF7A" blockId="1.[151,1437,566,2031]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FF60CBBA77E0F808" bold="true" box="[199,394,1934,1959]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
|
With a very wide host range, but most often inhabiting plant galls made by insects, such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FF30CB8677D9F864" box="[151,435,1970,1995]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Diptera (Cecidomyiidae)</taxonomicName>
|
|
or sometimes
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FDC0CB8775CBF864" authority="Cynipoidea" authorityName="Cynipoidea" box="[615,929,1970,1995]" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera (Cynipoidea)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,occasionally Coleoptera or Coccoidea, and rarely gall-inhabiting Acari (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFF9FE49FE7ECBE27412F840" author="Graham" box="[473,632,2006,2031]" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" refString="Graham, M. W. R. d. V. (1987) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with a revision of certain genera. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Entomology), 55 (1), 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="1987">Graham 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Only a single species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFF9FE49FC07CBE3725BF841" box="[928,1073,2007,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="392" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFF9FE49FC07CBE3725BF841" box="[928,1073,2007,2030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="392">Aprostocetus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been definitely shown to be a gall inducer:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFFAFE4AFEE3CCAC7437FF1F" authority="Philippi" authorityName="Philippi" box="[324,605,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colliguayae">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFFAFE4AFEE3CCAC7783FF1F" box="[324,489,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">A. colliguayae</emphasis>
|
|
(Philippi)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which induces galls on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C5F1E84FFFAFE4AFCD1CCA37316FF1F" authority="Molina" authorityName="Molina" box="[886,1404,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Colliguaja" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="odorifera">
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<emphasis id="B92BB915FFFAFE4AFCD1CCA3720BFF1F" box="[886,1121,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Colliguaja odorifera</emphasis>
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|
Molina (Euphorbiaceae)
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F3482597FFFAFE4AFF30CC8876BEFF7A" box="[151,212,188,213]" name="Chile" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFFAFE4AFF45CC8877A1FF7B" author="Martinez" box="[226,459,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="Martinez, E., Montenegro, G. & Elgueta, M. (1992) Distribution and abundance of two gall-makers on the euphorbiaceous shrub Colliguaja odorifera. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 65 (1), 75 - 82." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
|
Martinez
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFFAFE4AFEF7CC8977E2FF7A" box="[336,392,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">et al.</emphasis>
|
|
1992
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE18F6FFFAFE4AFE71CC89741CFF7A" author="La" box="[470,630,188,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" refString="La Salle, J. (2005) Biology of gall inducers and evolution of gall induction in Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Eurytomidae, Pteromalidae, Tanaostigmatidae, Torymidae). In: Raman, A., Schaefer, C. W. & Withers, T. M. (Eds.), Biology, ecology, and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods. Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, New Hampshire, USA, pp. 507 - 537," type="book chapter" year="2005">La Salle 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="C345368CFFFAFE4AFF60CCEB7781FF57" box="[199,491,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="8BE06507FFFAFE4AFF60CCEB7781FF57" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,248]" box="[199,491,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">
|
|
<emphasis id="B92BB915FFFAFE4AFF60CCEB770AFF57" bold="true" box="[199,352,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="393">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
|
Worldwide.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
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|
</document> |