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<document id="39DDD3AAF7DB2B27AF966602ED52C394" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3925.1.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="98786b6c-26a1-4204-9967-e2190ecce616" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="243577" ID-ZooBank="52C2B852-7814-4313-B18A-717241C81E4F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461000984459" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Marusik, Yuri M., Esyunin, Sergei L. &amp; Tuneva, Tatyana K." docDate="2015" docId="03F6879CB656FFC0FF01E6CF2F72BAC0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03925p144.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3925 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Brigittea Lehtinen 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="136" masterDocId="FFCFFFE4B650FFC7FF96E2302C07BF25" masterDocTitle="A survey of Palaearctic Dictynidae (Araneae). 1. Taxonomic notes on Dictynomorpha Spassky, 1939, Brigittea Lehtinen, 1967 and Lathys Simon, 1884" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="129" pageNumber="135" updateTime="1698564595630" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3072187AF4DEB6EBC9A658534DA7F088">A survey of Palaearctic Dictynidae (Araneae). 1. Taxonomic notes on Dictynomorpha Spassky, 1939, Brigittea Lehtinen, 1967 and Lathys Simon, 1884</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24BB6B735D8228D94337A53A0BC3B158">Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3BCD570DD2ADF9DB7D801B02926EE568">Esyunin, Sergei L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A45029B9D5EEEF7DF94196F9E7AB9AC5">Tuneva, Tatyana K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="603F69DA50C39295E0836C20E458B797">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="865D091C5584D134C730B11532183174">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F6879CB656FFC0FF01E6CF2F72BAC0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6094416" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119598494" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6094416" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F6879CB656FFC0FF01E6CF2F72BAC0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F6879CB656FFC0FF01E6CF2F72BAC0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<subSubSection id="C3456501B656FFC1FF01E6CF2E4ABA3C" box="[151,589,1279,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB656FFC1FF01E6CF2E4ABA3C" blockId="6.[151,589,1279,1305]" box="[151,589,1279,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<heading id="D0A881E6B656FFC1FF01E6CF2E4ABA3C" bold="true" box="[151,589,1279,1305]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FF01E6CF2E4ABA3C" bold="true" box="[151,589,1279,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FF01E6CF2DC4BA3C" ID-CoL="3D7P" ID-ENA="1872029" authority="Lehtinen, 1967" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,451,1279,1305]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FF01E6CF2D06BA3C" bold="true" box="[151,257,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Brigittea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FE9EE6CF2DC4BA3C" author="Lehtinen" box="[264,451,1279,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, reinstated
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456501B656FFC1FF01E7722DD9BAB1" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB656FFC1FF01E7722DD9BAB1" blockId="6.[151,510,1345,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4F11A4B656FFC1FF01E7722DD9BAB1" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FF01E7722DC7BA72" ID-CoL="3D7P" authority="Lehtinen 1967: 219" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityPageNumber="219" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,448,1345,1367]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FF01E7722CF6BA72" box="[151,241,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Brigittea</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AFE109BB656FFC1FF61E7712DC7BA72" author="Lehtinen" box="[247,448,1345,1367]" page="219" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" year="1967">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FF61E7712D8ABA72" author="Lehtinen" box="[247,397,1345,1367]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen 1967</bibRefCitation>
: 219
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 360.
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FF01E7502DFDBA50" ID-CoL="3D7P" authority="Miller &amp; Svaton 1978: 9" authorityName="Miller &amp; Svaton" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1978" box="[151,506,1375,1397]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FF01E7502CF6BA50" box="[151,241,1376,1397]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Brigittea</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFE109BB656FFC1FF68E76F2DFDBA50" author="Miller" box="[254,506,1375,1397]" page="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FF68E76F2DE6BA50" author="Miller" box="[254,481,1375,1397]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Miller, F. &amp; Svaton, J. (1978) Einige seltene und bisher unbekannte Spinnenarten aus der Slowakei. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 126, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1978">Miller &amp; Svatoň 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 9
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FF01E74F2DDDBAB1" ID-CoL="44XN" authority="Wunderlich 1987: 224" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityPageNumber="224" authorityYear="1987" box="[151,474,1406,1428]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FF01E74F2CE0BAB1" box="[151,231,1407,1428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Dictyna</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0AFE109BB656FFC1FF62E74E2DDDBAB1" author="Wunderlich" box="[244,474,1406,1428]" page="224" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FF62E74E2DAFBAB1" author="Wunderlich" box="[244,424,1406,1428]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1987) Die Spinnen der Kanarischen Inseln und Madeiras: Adaptive Radiation, Biogeographie, Revisionen und Neubeschreibungen. Taxonomy &amp; Ecology, 1, 1 - 435. [Verlag J. Wunderlich, Straubenhardt]" type="journal article" year="1987">Wunderlich 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 224
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456501B656FFC1FF01E7F02F22BAFD" box="[151,805,1472,1497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB656FFC1FF01E7F02F22BAFD" blockId="6.[151,1436,1472,2038]" box="[151,805,1472,1497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FF01E7F02D2CBAFC" bold="true" box="[151,299,1472,1497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<typeStatus id="54E48828B656FFC1FF01E7F02CD5BAFC" box="[151,210,1472,1497]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FEACE7F12E8CBAFC" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[314,651,1472,1497]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FEACE7F12DD1BAFC" box="[314,470,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Aranea latens</emphasis>
Fabricius, 1775
</taxonomicName>
[=
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FD24E7F22F13BAFC" box="[690,788,1472,1497]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FD24E7F22F13BAFC" box="[690,788,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">B. latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456501B656FFC1FF51E7D42D0DB904" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB656FFC1FF51E7D42D0DB904" blockId="6.[151,1436,1472,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FF51E7D42D46BAD8" bold="true" box="[199,321,1508,1533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FEDEE7D62DABBAD8" box="[328,428,1510,1533]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FEDEE7D62DABBAD8" box="[328,428,1510,1533]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only genus among Dictyninae with ctenidia on the male palpal tibia and a bipartite cribellum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3456501B656FFC0FF51E41C2F72BAC0" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB656FFC1FF51E41C2D8AB83B" blockId="6.[151,1436,1472,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FF51E41C2D4FB960" bold="true" box="[199,328,1580,1605]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Comments</emphasis>
. The genus was created for eight species
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FCB9E41E2867B960" authority="Fabricius, 1775" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[815,1120,1580,1605]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FCB9E41E2F94B960" box="[815,915,1580,1605]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">B. latens</emphasis>
(Fabricius, 1775)
</taxonomicName>
(♂♀, West Palaearctic),
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FA12E41E2D82B94C" authority="Lucas, 1850" authorityName="Lucas" authorityYear="1850" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="civica">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FA12E41E2CDDB94C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">B. civica</emphasis>
(Lucas, 1850)
</taxonomicName>
(♂♀, West Palaearctic),
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FD39E4622FC9B94C" authority="Lehtinen, 1967" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityYear="1967" box="[687,974,1616,1641]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denisi">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FD39E4622F12B94C" box="[687,789,1616,1641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">B. denisi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FCB7E4602FC9B94C" author="Lehtinen" box="[801,974,1616,1641]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen, 1967</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(♂♀,
<collectingCountry id="F348761AB656FFC1FB89E4602864B94C" box="[1055,1123,1616,1641]" name="Niger" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Niger</collectingCountry>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FBEDE4622905B94C" box="[1147,1282,1618,1641]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innocens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FBEDE4622905B94C" box="[1147,1282,1618,1641]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">B. innocens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(O. Pickard- Cambridge, 1872) (♂♀, West Palaearctic),
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FD37E4462FD4B9AB" authority="Simon, 1905" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1905" box="[673,979,1653,1678]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbida">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FD37E4462F1CB9AB" box="[673,795,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">B. turbida</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FCA7E4452FCDB9AB" author="Simon" box="[817,970,1653,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Simon, E. (1905) Voyage de M. Maurice Maindron dans l'Inde meridionale. Arachnides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 74, 160 - 180." type="journal article" year="1905">Simon, 1905</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(♀,
<collectingCountry id="F348761AB656FFC1FB83E4452848B9AB" box="[1045,1103,1653,1678]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">India</collectingCountry>
&amp;
<collectingCountry id="F348761AB656FFC1FB14E44528FCB9AB" box="[1154,1275,1653,1678]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FA80E4462D68B994" authority="Caporiacco, 1949" authorityName="Caporiacco" authorityYear="1949" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tullgreni">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FA80E446299CB9AB" box="[1302,1435,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">B. tullgreni</emphasis>
(Caporiacco, 1949)
</taxonomicName>
(♂,
<collectingCountry id="F348761AB656FFC1FE32E4A92DF6B994" box="[420,497,1689,1713]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Kenya</collectingCountry>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FD92E4AA2F15B994" authority="Simon, 1873" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1873" box="[516,786,1688,1713]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FD92E4AA2E6EB994" box="[516,617,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">B. vicina</emphasis>
(Simon, 1873)
</taxonomicName>
(♂♀,West Palaearctic) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FBDBE4AA295DB994" authority="Tikader, 1966" authorityName="Tikader" authorityYear="1966" box="[1101,1370,1688,1713]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umai">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FBDBE4AA28A3B994" box="[1101,1188,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">B. umai</emphasis>
(Tikader, 1966)
</taxonomicName>
(♂♀,
<collectingCountry id="F348761AB656FFC1FF01E48D2CD2B9F3" box="[151,213,1725,1750]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">India</collectingCountry>
).
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FF7EE48D2D9AB9F3" author="Lehtinen" box="[232,413,1725,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen (1967)</bibRefCitation>
created a table with characters for 23
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FCDFE48D2FC3B9F3" box="[841,964,1725,1750]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dictynidae</taxonomicName>
genera. According to this table,
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FAA7E48E299CB9F0" box="[1329,1435,1726,1749]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FAA7E48E2990B9F0" box="[1329,1431,1726,1749]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brigittea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
unlike
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FF71E4D22D40B9DC" box="[231,327,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FF71E4D22D45B9DC" box="[231,322,1762,1785]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dictyna</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
has a bipartite cribellum, ventral boss and anterior teeth on the male chelicerae, and a spiraled structure of the vulva.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB656FFC1FF51E5182DC4B8AC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1472,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FF51E5182DDEB864" author="Miller" box="[199,473,1832,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Miller, F. &amp; Svaton, J. (1978) Einige seltene und bisher unbekannte Spinnenarten aus der Slowakei. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 126, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1978">Miller &amp; Svatoň (1978)</bibRefCitation>
revised European
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FD25E51A2F10B864" box="[691,791,1834,1857]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FD25E51A2F10B864" box="[691,791,1834,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and provided an additional character that separates this genus from
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FEB5E57E2D7BB840" box="[291,380,1870,1893]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FEB5E57E2D7BB840" box="[291,380,1870,1893]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
– widely separated receptacles [contiguous in the
<typeStatus id="54E48828B656FFC1FC5DE57E2FFCB843" box="[971,1019,1870,1894]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">type</typeStatus>
species,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FBF1E57E2CDFB8AC" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FBF1E57E291DB843" box="[1127,1306,1869,1894]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">D. arundinacea</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
</taxonomicName>
and related species].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB656FFC0FF51E5A62EE2BE39" blockId="6.[151,1436,1472,2038]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FF51E5A62DB7B88B" box="[199,432,1941,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Merrett, P., Locket, G. H. &amp; Millidge, A. F. (1985) A check list of British spiders. Bulletin of the British arachnological Society, 6, 381 - 403." type="journal article">
Merrett
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FEB5E5A62D52B88B" box="[291,341,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">et al</emphasis>
. (1985)
</bibRefCitation>
, in a faunistic paper, doubted the validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FC38E5A62815B888" box="[942,1042,1942,1965]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FC38E5A62815B888" box="[942,1042,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
stating that “
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FB3DE5A628C1B888" box="[1195,1222,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">D.</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FB46E5A62913B888" box="[1232,1300,1942,1965]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">ictyna</emphasis>
]
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FAB3E5A5296FB88B" box="[1317,1384,1941,1966]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FAB3E5A5296FB88B" box="[1317,1384,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was included in the new genus
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B656FFC1FE52E58A2E2FB8F4" box="[452,552,1978,2001]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B656FFC1FE52E58A2E2FB8F4" box="[452,552,1978,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="135">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FDC7E5882F00B8F4" author="Lehtinen" box="[593,775,1976,2001]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen (1967)</bibRefCitation>
on account of its bipartite cribellum and palpal characters; this was followed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB656FFC1FE1AE5ED2E39B8D0" author="Brignoli" box="[396,574,2013,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="135" refString="Brignoli, P. M. (1983) A catalogue of the Araneae described between 1940 and 1981. Manchester University Press, Manchester, 755 pp." type="book" year="1983">Brignoli (1983)</bibRefCitation>
, but since there seems to be some doubt about the validity of this genus we have decided to leave
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FE01E2A72DDDBF95" box="[407,474,151,176]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Aranea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FE01E2A72DDDBF95" box="[407,474,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FD97E2A92E5DBF95" box="[513,602,153,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FD97E2A92E5DBF95" box="[513,602,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the present”.
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FCB2E2A72FFDBF95" author="Wunderlich" box="[804,1018,151,176]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1987) Die Spinnen der Kanarischen Inseln und Madeiras: Adaptive Radiation, Biogeographie, Revisionen und Neubeschreibungen. Taxonomy &amp; Ecology, 1, 1 - 435. [Verlag J. Wunderlich, Straubenhardt]" type="journal article" year="1987">Wunderlich (1987)</bibRefCitation>
used these arguments in favour of a formal synonymy of the two genera and suggested that this taxon be regarded as the “
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FBF6E28D2904BFF0" box="[1120,1283,188,213]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FBF6E28D2904BFF0" box="[1120,1283,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-Gruppe”. He extended this group to eight species by adding
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FD22E2D12FF4BFDD" authority="Schmidt, 1968" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1968" box="[692,1011,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guanchae">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FD22E2D12F42BFDD" box="[692,837,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">D. guanchae</emphasis>
Schmidt, 1968
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FBBBE2D1299BBFDD" authority="Wunderlich, 1987" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="1987" box="[1069,1436,223,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agaetensis">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FBBBE2D128CFBFDD" box="[1069,1224,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">D. agaetensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FB47E2EF299BBFDD" author="Wunderlich" box="[1233,1436,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1987) Die Spinnen der Kanarischen Inseln und Madeiras: Adaptive Radiation, Biogeographie, Revisionen und Neubeschreibungen. Taxonomy &amp; Ecology, 1, 1 - 435. [Verlag J. Wunderlich, Straubenhardt]" type="journal article" year="1987">Wunderlich, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(currently these names are considered as synonyms).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB657FFC0FF51E31828FBBEAD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
However, while studying
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FE60E3172E76BE65" box="[502,625,295,320]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dictynidae</taxonomicName>
from
<collectingCountry id="F348761AB657FFC0FD56E3172F41BE65" box="[704,838,295,320]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
, we found additional characters which support the validity of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FEB6E37D2D83BE41" box="[288,388,333,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FEB6E37D2D83BE41" box="[288,388,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male palp in all Dictyninae and partially in Tricholathysinae has a very similar conformation; therefore somatic characters play an important role in the recognition of these genera.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB657FFC0FF51E3A42ECCBD18" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
The bipartite cribellum is known in only five genera of Dictyninae and was not reported in Tricholathysinae.
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FF01E3892CFCBEF5" box="[151,251,441,464]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FF01E3892CFCBEF5" box="[151,251,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only genus among Dictyninae with ctenidia on the male palpal tibia and a bipartite cribellum. The cribellum of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FEB0E3ED2D8DBED1" box="[294,394,477,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FEB0E3ED2D8DBED1" box="[294,394,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only one anterior row of setae (
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FC8EE3EC2F33BED6" box="[792,820,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">As</emphasis>
), whereas the remaining cribellate area is covered only with fine spigots (
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FEFBE0312D8EBD3D" box="[365,393,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Fs</emphasis>
). This contrasts with that in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FD75E0312F3BBD3D" box="[739,828,513,536]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FD75E0312F3BBD3D" box="[739,828,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which the anterior two-thirds of the cribellum is covered with setae and one third with fine spigots.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB657FFC0FF51E07728D3BC31" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
The male chelicerae each have a distinct baso-lateral tooth (
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FC35E0792FBBBD45" box="[931,956,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Bt</emphasis>
) in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FC61E079285CBD45" box="[1015,1115,585,608]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FC61E079285CBD45" box="[1015,1115,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13642A0FB657FFC0FBE6E07728C5BD45" box="[1136,1218,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 36" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1925,1948]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,193,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[248,1339,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 36. Dictyna arundinacea (26 – 30), Brigittea latens (31 – 36). 26, 31 Male palp, ventral. 27, 32 Ctenidia, dorsoretrolateral. 28, 33 Chelicera, mesal. 29, 34 Tip of conductor, retrolateral. 30, 35 Same, ventral. 36 Tip of embolus. Abbreviations: Bt—retrobasal tooth of chelicera; Cr—cheliceral ridge; Ct—cheliceral teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243582/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Fig 33</figureCitation>
) which is weakly developed in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FEA2E05D2D8BBDA1" box="[308,396,621,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FEA2E05D2D8BBDA1" box="[308,396,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Such a tooth is found not only in the
<typeStatus id="54E48828B657FFC0FCC3E05D2F82BDA0" box="[853,901,621,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
species, but well documented for
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FA80E05D299BBDA1" box="[1302,1436,621,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innocens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FA80E05D299BBDA1" box="[1302,1436,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. innocens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FF08E0BF2D60BD8D" author="IJland" box="[158,359,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="IJland, S., van Helsdingen, P. J. &amp; Miller, J. (2012) On some spiders from Gargano, Apulia, Italy. Nieuwsbrief Spinnenwerkgroep Nederland, 32, 2 - 20." type="journal article" year="2012">
IJland
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FF7DE0A12D1CBD8D" box="[235,283,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 4) and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FE7DE0A12E70BD8D" box="[491,631,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guanchae">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FE7DE0A12E70BD8D" box="[491,631,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. guanchae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FD13E0BF2FB7BD8D" author="Wunderlich" box="[645,944,655,680]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1987) Die Spinnen der Kanarischen Inseln und Madeiras: Adaptive Radiation, Biogeographie, Revisionen und Neubeschreibungen. Taxonomy &amp; Ecology, 1, 1 - 435. [Verlag J. Wunderlich, Straubenhardt]" type="journal article" year="1987">Wunderlich 1987: fig. 590</bibRefCitation>
) as well.
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FB8DE0A128CFBD8D" box="[1051,1224,655,680]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FB8DE0A128CFBD8D" box="[1051,1224,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has also cheliceral teeth (
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FF4BE0852CF0BDE9" box="[221,247,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Ct</emphasis>
) lacking in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FEE8E0852E6DBDE8" box="[382,618,692,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FEE8E0852E6DBDE8" box="[382,618,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna arundinacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cf.
<figureCitation id="13642A0FB657FFC0FD08E0842F19BDE9" box="[670,798,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 36" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1925,1948]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,193,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[248,1339,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 36. Dictyna arundinacea (26 – 30), Brigittea latens (31 – 36). 26, 31 Male palp, ventral. 27, 32 Ctenidia, dorsoretrolateral. 28, 33 Chelicera, mesal. 29, 34 Tip of conductor, retrolateral. 30, 35 Same, ventral. 36 Tip of embolus. Abbreviations: Bt—retrobasal tooth of chelicera; Cr—cheliceral ridge; Ct—cheliceral teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243582/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Figs 28, 33</figureCitation>
). The cheliceral ridge (
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FBB4E0852847BDE9" box="[1058,1088,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Cr</emphasis>
) of the
<typeStatus id="54E48828B657FFC0FB00E08528C1BDE8" box="[1174,1222,693,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FAD5E085299BBDE9" box="[1347,1436,693,716]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FAD5E085299BBDE9" box="[1347,1436,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FF5EE0E92D2BBDD5" box="[200,300,729,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FF5EE0E92D2BBDD5" box="[200,300,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also differs in its length. Also, the profile of the chelicera in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FC7AE0E92842BDD5" box="[1004,1093,729,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FC7AE0E92842BDD5" box="[1004,1093,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is strongly concave (
<figureCitation id="13642A0FB657FFC0FAACE0E72988BDD5" box="[1338,1423,727,752]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 36" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1925,1948]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,193,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[248,1339,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 36. Dictyna arundinacea (26 – 30), Brigittea latens (31 – 36). 26, 31 Male palp, ventral. 27, 32 Ctenidia, dorsoretrolateral. 28, 33 Chelicera, mesal. 29, 34 Tip of conductor, retrolateral. 30, 35 Same, ventral. 36 Tip of embolus. Abbreviations: Bt—retrobasal tooth of chelicera; Cr—cheliceral ridge; Ct—cheliceral teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243582/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
), while in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FF6FE0CD2D5ABC31" box="[249,349,765,788]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FF6FE0CD2D5ABC31" box="[249,349,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is almost straight (
<figureCitation id="13642A0FB657FFC0FDDEE0CC2E9DBC31" box="[584,666,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 36" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1925,1948]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,193,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[248,1339,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 36. Dictyna arundinacea (26 – 30), Brigittea latens (31 – 36). 26, 31 Male palp, ventral. 27, 32 Ctenidia, dorsoretrolateral. 28, 33 Chelicera, mesal. 29, 34 Tip of conductor, retrolateral. 30, 35 Same, ventral. 36 Tip of embolus. Abbreviations: Bt—retrobasal tooth of chelicera; Cr—cheliceral ridge; Ct—cheliceral teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243582/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
) or convex (pl. IV, fig.
<quantity id="4CA79B6FB657FFC0FC09E0CC2FC2BC30" box="[927,965,764,789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FC5AE0CC28C0BC31" author="Miller" box="[972,1223,764,789]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="Miller, F. &amp; Svaton, J. (1978) Einige seltene und bisher unbekannte Spinnenarten aus der Slowakei. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 126, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1978">Miller &amp; Svatoň 1978</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB657FFC0FF51E12F2E99BB11" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
The
<typeStatus id="54E48828B657FFC0FF6CE1102D2DBC1D" box="[250,298,800,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">type</typeStatus>
species of both genera differ essentially in their structure of the ctenidia. In
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FB1DE11128EDBC1D" box="[1163,1258,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FB1DE11128E0BC1D" box="[1163,1255,801,824]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dictyna</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
ctenidia are set in separate alveoli, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FE4EE1752E3BBC79" box="[472,572,837,860]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FE4EE1752E3BBC79" box="[472,572,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they are located in the same alveolus. The ctenidia in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FB38E1752958BC78" box="[1198,1375,836,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FB38E1752958BC78" box="[1198,1375,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">D. arundinacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have distinct micro-ridges which are lacking in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FDF9E1592ED7BCA5" box="[623,720,871,896]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FDF9E1592ED7BCA5" box="[623,720,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The tip of the lower arm of the conductor is also different in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FA17E1592D22BC80" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FA17E1592D22BC80" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">D. arundinacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FECBE1BD2DC7BC80" box="[349,448,908,933]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FECBE1BD2DC7BC80" box="[349,448,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but this difference is not important as the shape of this tip in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FB13E1BD28D9BC81" box="[1157,1246,909,932]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FB13E1BD28D9BC81" box="[1157,1246,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very variable. More important differences are found in the shape of embolus. In
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FCEFE1812FDFBCED" box="[889,984,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FCEFE1812FD2BCED" box="[889,981,945,968]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dictyna</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
it is filamentous and the tip is gradually tapering, while in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FEF7E1E52DC5BCC8" box="[353,450,980,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FEF7E1E52DC5BCC8" box="[353,450,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is modified (
<figureCitation id="13642A0FB657FFC0FDFAE1E42EB8BCC8" box="[620,703,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 36" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1925,1948]" captionTargetBox="[259,1327,193,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[248,1339,193,1893]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 36. Dictyna arundinacea (26 – 30), Brigittea latens (31 – 36). 26, 31 Male palp, ventral. 27, 32 Ctenidia, dorsoretrolateral. 28, 33 Chelicera, mesal. 29, 34 Tip of conductor, retrolateral. 30, 35 Same, ventral. 36 Tip of embolus. Abbreviations: Bt—retrobasal tooth of chelicera; Cr—cheliceral ridge; Ct—cheliceral teeth." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243582/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
). This character was overlooked by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FBC6E1E42903BCC8" author="Lehtinen" box="[1104,1284,980,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen (1967)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FAACE1E42D3ABB35" author="Miller" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="Miller, F. &amp; Svaton, J. (1978) Einige seltene und bisher unbekannte Spinnenarten aus der Slowakei. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, 126, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1978">Miller &amp; Svatoň (1978)</bibRefCitation>
. A modified embolus might prove to be the “best” character that separates the two very similar genera
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FF7EE62D2D46BB11" box="[232,321,1053,1076]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FF7EE62D2D46BB11" box="[232,321,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FEE1E62C2E90BB10" authority="Lehtinen 1967" authorityName="Lehtinen" authorityYear="1967" box="[375,663,1052,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Emblyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FEE1E62C2DDCBB10" box="[375,475,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Emblyna</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FE7FE62C2E88BB10" author="Lehtinen" box="[489,655,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen 1967</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB657FFC0FF51E60F28AABBC2" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
Equally, the epigynes of
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FE4AE6712E8BBB7D" box="[476,652,1087,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arundinacea">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FE4AE6712E8BBB7D" box="[476,652,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">D. arundinacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FD55E6712F21BB7D" box="[707,806,1087,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FD55E6712F21BB7D" box="[707,806,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are entirely different in all respects.
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FB54E6712968BB7D" box="[1218,1391,1087,1112]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FB54E6712968BB7D" box="[1218,1391,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has no epigynal sulci, which are present in all
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FDE7E6552F5ABB59" box="[625,861,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FDE7E6552F08BB59" box="[625,783,1125,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sensu">
Dictyna
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857E3B657FFC0FD47E6552F08BB59" box="[721,783,1125,1148]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" sensu="stricto">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
</taxonomicName>
stricto
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FCFAE655281DBB59" box="[876,1050,1125,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="civica">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FCFAE655281DBB59" box="[876,1050,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea civica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FBC6E65528B3BB59" box="[1104,1204,1125,1148]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FBC6E65528B3BB59" box="[1104,1204,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. vicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have sulci, although they are much shorter than in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FE73E6B92E39BB85" box="[485,574,1161,1184]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FE73E6B92E39BB85" box="[485,574,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The most significant differences lie in the shape of “receptacles”, which are contiguous in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FEA8E69D2D90BBE1" box="[318,407,1197,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FEA8E69D2D90BBE1" box="[318,407,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and forming a V-shaped structure together with the ducts; in contrast, in
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FA92E69D2969BBE1" box="[1284,1390,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FA92E69D296DBBE1" box="[1284,1386,1197,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brigittea</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the receptacles do not touch each other and together with ducts form a spiraled (coiled) structure.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB657FFC0FF51E6C4291BBA71" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
Based on the reasons mentioned above, we decided to resurrect
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FC2DE6C52818BA29" box="[955,1055,1269,1292]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FC2DE6C52818BA29" box="[955,1055,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid genus with following species:
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FF61E7292D5DBA15" box="[247,346,1303,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FF61E7292D5DBA15" box="[247,346,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FEFFE7292DCCBA15" box="[361,459,1305,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="civica">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FEFFE7292DCCBA15" box="[361,459,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. civica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FE4CE7292E5ABA15" box="[474,605,1305,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="innocens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FE4CE7292E5ABA15" box="[474,605,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. innocens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FDFAE7292ED6BA15" box="[620,721,1305,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vicina">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FDFAE7292ED6BA15" box="[620,721,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. vicina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FC9EE7292852BA15" authority="Schmidt, 1968" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1968" box="[776,1109,1303,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guanchae" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FC9EE7292F92BA15" box="[776,917,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">B. guanchae</emphasis>
(Schmidt, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21857E3B657FFC0FBF4E72728CEBA15" box="[1122,1225,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FBF4E72728CEBA15" bold="true" box="[1122,1225,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">comb. n.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(ex
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FB6AE7292952BA15" box="[1276,1365,1305,1328]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FB6AE7292952BA15" box="[1276,1365,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) from the Canary Islands. The latter species was attributed to the
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FCBDE70D2FC9BA70" box="[811,974,1340,1365]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latens">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FCBDE70D2FC9BA70" box="[811,974,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna latens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FBD6E70C2910BA71" author="Wunderlich" box="[1088,1303,1340,1365]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="Wunderlich, J. (1987) Die Spinnen der Kanarischen Inseln und Madeiras: Adaptive Radiation, Biogeographie, Revisionen und Neubeschreibungen. Taxonomy &amp; Ecology, 1, 1 - 435. [Verlag J. Wunderlich, Straubenhardt]" type="journal article" year="1987">Wunderlich (1987)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE0368AB657FFC0FF01E7B52F72BAC0" blockId="7.[151,1436,1412,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
Four species from Afrotropical and South Asian regions considered in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FC20E7B5281DBAB9" box="[950,1050,1413,1436]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FC20E7B5281DBAB9" box="[950,1050,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Brigittea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCE4B7BB657FFC0FBD3E7B428FCBAB8" author="Lehtinen" box="[1093,1275,1412,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" refString="Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468." type="journal article" year="1967">Lehtinen (1967)</bibRefCitation>
(
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FA9AE7B52D7CBAE5" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FA9AE7B52972BAB8" box="[1292,1397,1412,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="denisi">D. denisi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FA17E7B52CEBBAE5" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="turbida">D. turbida</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FF6EE7992D7CBAE5" box="[248,379,1447,1472]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tullgreni">D. tullgreni</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FE24E7992E0BBAE5" box="[434,524,1449,1472]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Brigittea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="umai">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FE24E7992E0BBAE5" box="[434,524,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">D. umai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) remain in
<taxonomicName id="4C5F4D09B657FFC0FD06E7992EEEBAE5" box="[656,745,1449,1472]" class="Arachnida" family="Dictynidae" genus="Dictyna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92BEA98B657FFC0FD06E7992EEEBAE5" box="[656,745,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="136">Dictyna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These species are not properly known and their descriptions lack information about a divided cribellum or modified chelicera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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