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<mods:title id="F984E155EE566F776BD12C6B575EFCE3">A review of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from India, with the description of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ACDA1CAB9F5647D908E4BB3461E718CF">Binoy, C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C4CD66F950E110FB844BD88697FA738D" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4999-1971</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="E88304602631671FB9077A041EC9BD70">Insect Ecology and Ethology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673635, India. &amp; Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Malabar Christian College, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, 673001, India. sant @ mccclt. ac. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4999 - 1971</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AD85DFBC942B4113744E24DAD8805466">Achterberg, C. Van</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="FA2E6F16ABE5A1D50BA7022684429139">State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture / Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="2ADA8EEBDF701A15B79A7FBB5CAF5EE4">Western Ghat Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Eranhipalam, Kozhikode, Kerala, 673006, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BC0C1D44BB0A9D8ECAC5EFB79713C484">Santhosh, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BD422F8DF996FD5B5A5B298FC85C5FF6">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Malabar Christian College, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, 673001, India. sant @ mccclt. ac. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4999 - 1971</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF3EFC64A46DFC41" blockId="3.[151,538,930,957]" box="[151,538,930,957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF3EFC64A46DFC41" bold="true" box="[151,538,930,957]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FF47FC65A46DFC41" authority="Smith, 1861" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1861" box="[238,538,930,957]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Foenatopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF47FC65A70AFC40" bold="true" box="[238,381,931,957]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Foenatopus</emphasis>
Smith, 1861
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF3EFC2EA22EFC02" blockId="3.[151,1436,999,1115]" box="[151,1113,999,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FF3EFC2EA7C3FC02" authority="Smith 1861: 58" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,436,999,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Foenatopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF3EFC2EA778FC02" box="[151,271,1000,1023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Foenatopus</emphasis>
Smith 1861: 58
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54F37ACF5A57FFB0FE17FC21A787FC02" box="[446,496,999,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species (by monotypy):
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FD43FC21A222FC02" authority="Westwood, 1841" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1841" box="[746,1109,999,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Stephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="indicus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FD43FC21A5D5FC02" box="[746,930,999,1023]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stephanus indicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FC01FC21A222FC02" author="Westwood, J. O." box="[936,1109,999,1023]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="535 - 539" refId="ref27671" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1841) On Evania and some allied genera of Hymenopterous insects. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 7, 535 - 539." type="journal article" year="1841">Westwood, 1841</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF3EFBC0A3FBFBE0" blockId="3.[151,1436,999,1115]" box="[151,1420,1029,1054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB58E3435A57FFB0FF3EFBC0A3FBFBE0" box="[151,1420,1029,1054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<treatmentCitation id="0AE9E27C5A57FFB0FF3EFBC0A78CFBE3" author="Enderlein, G." box="[151,507,1029,1054]" page="473" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1905">
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FF3EFBC0A78CFBE3" authority="Enderlein 1905: 473" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityPageNumber="473" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,507,1029,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Diastephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF3EFBC0A755FBE3" box="[151,290,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diastephanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FE80FBC0A78CFBE3" author="Enderlein, G." box="[297,507,1029,1054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="473 - 477" refId="ref25742" refString="Enderlein, G. (1905) Uber die Klassifikation der Stephaniden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 28 (13), 473 - 477." type="journal article" year="1905">Enderlein 1905: 473</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
<typeStatus id="54F37ACF5A57FFB0FDADFBC0A441FBE3" box="[516,566,1030,1054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FD3AFBC0A23FFBE3" authority="Enderlein, 1901" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1901" box="[659,1096,1030,1054]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Stephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavomaculatus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FD3AFBC0A5EAFBE3" box="[659,925,1030,1054]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stephanus flavomaculatus</emphasis>
Enderlein, 1901
</taxonomicName>
. Synonymized by
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FAABFBC0A3FEFBE0" author="Benoit, P. L. G." box="[1282,1417,1029,1054]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="205 - 212" refId="ref25260" refString="Benoit, P. L. G. (1956) Nouvelles especes africaines du genre Foenatopus Smith (Hym. - Stephanidae). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Royale d'Entomologie de Belgique, 92 (7 - 8), 205 - 212." type="journal article" year="1956">Benoit, 1956</bibRefCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF3EFBE2A71AFBA6" blockId="3.[151,1436,999,1115]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE9E27C5A57FFB0FF3EFBE2A792FBC1" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[151,485,1060,1084]" page="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1904">
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FF3EFBE2A792FBC1" authority="Kieffer 1904: 1 - 4" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="1 - 4" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,485,1060,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Neostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF3EFBE2A752FBC1" box="[151,293,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Neostephanus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FE85FBE2A792FBC1" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[300,485,1060,1084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref26146" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1904) Description de Stephanides et d'Evaniides nouveaux. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz, Serie 11, 2, 23, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1904">Kieffer 1904: 14</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
<typeStatus id="54F37ACF5A57FFB0FE46FBE3A456FBC0" box="[495,545,1061,1085]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
species (by monotypy):
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FCB7FBE2A2EDFBC1" authority="Kieffer, 1904" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1904" box="[798,1178,1060,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Neostephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FCB7FBE2A270FBC1" box="[798,1031,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Neostephanus alluaudi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FBA6FBE2A2EDFBC1" author="Kieffer, J. J." box="[1039,1178,1060,1084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref26146" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1904) Description de Stephanides et d'Evaniides nouveaux. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Metz, Serie 11, 2, 23, 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="1904">Kieffer, 1904</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Synonymized by Narendran
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF52FB82A750FBA6" box="[251,295,1091,1115]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
. 2001.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35297E65A57FFB0FF3EFB4FA799FA5D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF3EFB4FA799FA5D" blockId="3.[151,1437,1161,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF3EFB4FA765FB5E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1161,1187]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Members of the genus are characterized by the presence of pale ivory to yellowish streak along both the inner and outer margins of eye; reduced venation with the absence of veins 2-SR and 2-SR+M of the fore wing and the absence of or hardly seen 1-SR vein; Vein 2 Cu1 of fore wing nearly always reduced, but sometimes complete; 2-SR and 2-SR+M of fore wing absent; anteriorly emarginate neck with fine striae, no distinct pronotal fold basally; the presence of a large sclerite in between the hind coxae; outer side of hind tibia usually without fine oblique striae, with or without ventral fine carinae; three tarsomeres in females, five tarsomeres in males; eighth metasomal tergite without apical protuberance; ovipositor sheath usually with ivory or yellowish subapical band (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FB7AFAA7A3E0FA86" author="Hong C. - D. &amp; Xu, Z. - F." box="[1235,1431,1377,1404]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="71 - 73" refId="ref26098" refString="Hong C. - D., van Achterberg &amp; Xu, Z. - F. (2011) A newly recorded genus and species of Family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea) from China. Entomotaxonomia, 33 (1), 71 - 73." type="journal article" year="2011">
Hong
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FAB2FAA4A339FA86" box="[1307,1358,1377,1403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FF3EFA43A795FA5D" author="Gadallah, N. S. &amp; Edmardash, Y. A." box="[151,482,1413,1440]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="147 - 150" refId="ref25845" refString="Gadallah, N. S. &amp; Edmardash, Y. A. 2015. First record of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera, Stephanoidea) for the fauna of Egypt. Zootaxa, 3980 (1), 147 - 150. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3980.1.10" type="journal article" year="2015">Gadallah &amp; Edmardash 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35297E65A57FFB0FF6EFA6FA786F98A" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF6EFA6FA5D0FA3E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1161,1655]" box="[199,935,1449,1475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF6EFA6FA716FA3E" bold="true" box="[199,353,1449,1475]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</emphasis>
Afrotropical, Neotropical, Palaearctic and
<collectingRegion id="498C0A8F5A57FFB0FCEAFA6FA5D5FA3E" box="[835,930,1449,1475]" country="Morocco" name="Oriental" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Oriental</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF6EFA0BA786F98A" blockId="3.[151,1437,1161,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF6EFA0BA766FA1A" bold="true" box="[199,273,1485,1511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Notes.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FEB1FA08A791FA1A" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[280,486,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Foenatopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FEB1FA08A7EBFA1A" box="[280,412,1486,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Foenatopus</emphasis>
Smith
</taxonomicName>
is represented by 159 species worldwide of which 20 were reported from
<collectingCountry id="F35F84FD5A57FFB0FA89FA0BA32DFA1A" box="[1312,1370,1485,1511]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FAC1FA0BA7DAF9F6" author="Narendran, T. C. &amp; Sureshan, P. M." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="115 - 138" refId="ref26668" refString="Narendran, T. C. &amp; Sureshan, P. M. (2003) Systematic studies on Diastephanus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea: Stephanidae) of Indian subcontinent. Entomon, 28 (2), 115 - 138." type="journal article" year="2003">Narendran &amp; Sureshan 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FE11FA37A4EAF9F6" author="Sureshan, P. M. &amp; Narendran, T. C. &amp; Nikhil, K." box="[440,669,1521,1548]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="4385 - 4391" refId="ref27201" refString="Sureshan, P. M., Narendran, T. C. &amp; Nikhil, K. (2013) Parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of xylophagous beetles (Coleoptera) attacking dead wood in southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 5 (9), 4385 - 4391. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3385.4385 - 91" type="journal article" year="2013">
Sureshan
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FD8CFA34A422F9F6" box="[549,597,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FD0EFA37A5EAF9F6" author="Gupta, A &amp; Gawas, S. M." box="[679,925,1521,1547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="389 - 394" refId="ref25898" refString="Gupta, A &amp; Gawas, S. M. (2020) A new species of the genus Foenatopus Smith (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea: Stephanidae) from India. Zootaxa, 4801 (2), 389 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4801.2.13" type="journal article" year="2020">Gupta &amp; Gawas 2020</bibRefCitation>
). Two new species
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FBD8FA34A2E9F9F6" box="[1137,1182,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">viz.,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FB0DFA34A7A7F9CD" authority="Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar" authorityName="Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Foenatopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chareshi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB0DFA34A369F9F6" box="[1188,1310,1521,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">F. chareshi</emphasis>
Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FE7FF9D3A458F9D2" bold="true" box="[470,559,1557,1583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20FA5045A57FFB0FE7FF9D3A458F9D2" box="[470,559,1557,1583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FDCAF9D0A2D2F9CD" authority="Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar" authorityName="Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar" authorityYear="2020" box="[611,1189,1557,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Foenatopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sureshani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FDCAF9D0A49EF9D2" box="[611,745,1557,1583]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">F. sureshani</emphasis>
Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB03F9D3A374F9D2" bold="true" box="[1194,1283,1557,1583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20FA5045A57FFB0FB03F9D3A374F9D2" box="[1194,1283,1557,1583]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
are described here with illustrations and is incorporated into a key to Indian species modified from Narendran
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB49F9FCA365F9AE" box="[1248,1298,1593,1619]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
. (2001) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A57FFB0FF3EF99BA79AF98A" author="Narendran, T. C. &amp; Sureshan, P. M." box="[151,493,1629,1655]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="115 - 138" refId="ref26668" refString="Narendran, T. C. &amp; Sureshan, P. M. (2003) Systematic studies on Diastephanus Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea: Stephanidae) of Indian subcontinent. Entomon, 28 (2), 115 - 138." type="journal article" year="2003">Narendran &amp; Sureshan (2003)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>