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<mods:title id="6EF1AF5A3A062DA3B5584539F37681BC">A review of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea) from India, with the description of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FD16A113666A8C2FC2E10D124D9EBE2A">Binoy, C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="743D4EE78A41CBAC05AD211A7A263BBB">Insect Ecology and Ethology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, 673635, India. &amp; Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Malabar Christian College, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, 673001, India. sant @ mccclt. ac. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4999 - 1971</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E8DE29C2D23565E8330E27EDF062747C">Santhosh, S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="41C859700326777B6BA81D66D6CF5CA8">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Malabar Christian College, Kozhikode, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, 673001, India. sant @ mccclt. ac. in; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4999 - 1971</mods:affiliation>
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Key to genera of
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occurring in
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(Modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EFD9B99C5A56FFB1FEE4F8E9A44EF8B5" author="van Achterberg, C." box="[333,569,1838,1865]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" pagination="1 - 206" refId="ref27375" refString="van Achterberg, C. (2002) A revision of the Old World species of Megischus Brulle, Stephanus Jurine and Pseudomegischus gen. nov., with a key to the genera of the family Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Stephanoidea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden, 339, 1 - 206." type="journal article" year="2002">van Achterberg 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
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First subdiscal cell of fore wing comparatively wide basally, wider than first discal cell or vein 1-SR of fore wing not differentiated and first discal cell absent because of absence of vein 1-SR+M (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A56FFB1FCD9F856A5CEF85B" box="[880,953,1936,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 512. Foenatopus chareshi Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 5. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 6. Head, lateral view; 7. Head, dorsal view; 8. Head, frontal view; 9. Head, mesosoma and part of first metasomal tergite, lateral view; 10. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 11. Fore wing; 12. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403379/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 11</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A56FFB1FC6AF857A5AAF85B" box="[963,989,1937,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 3340" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[218,1377,193,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[198,1390,181,1875]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 3340.. Foenatopus sureshani Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 33. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 34. Head and part of pronotum, lateral view; 35. Head, dorsal view; 36. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 37. Fore wing; 38. Mesosoma, lateral view; 39. First metasomal tergite; 40. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403416/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">37</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A56FFB1FC4FF856A276F85B" box="[998,1025,1936,1958]" captionStart="FIGURES 4552" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,182,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[196,1391,181,1893]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 4552. Foenatopus weii Chen, van Achterberg &amp; Xu, 2016. ♀ 45. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 46. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 47. Head, dorsal view; 48. Head, frontal view; 49. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 50. Mesosoma, lateral view; 51. Fore wing; 52. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403426/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">51</figureCitation>
); hind tibia usually hardly longer than hind femur (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A56FFB1FE81F868A704F83E" box="[296,371,1966,1988]" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 512. Foenatopus chareshi Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 5. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 6. Head, lateral view; 7. Head, dorsal view; 8. Head, frontal view; 9. Head, mesosoma and part of first metasomal tergite, lateral view; 10. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 11. Fore wing; 12. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403379/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 12</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A56FFB1FED4F868A7E0F83E" box="[381,407,1966,1987]" captionStart="FIGURES 3340" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[218,1377,193,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[198,1390,181,1875]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 3340.. Foenatopus sureshani Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 33. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 34. Head and part of pronotum, lateral view; 35. Head, dorsal view; 36. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 37. Fore wing; 38. Mesosoma, lateral view; 39. First metasomal tergite; 40. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403416/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">40</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A56FFB1FE08F868A7CBF839" box="[417,444,1966,1988]" captionStart="FIGURES 4552" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,182,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[196,1391,181,1893]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 4552. Foenatopus weii Chen, van Achterberg &amp; Xu, 2016. ♀ 45. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 46. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 47. Head, dorsal view; 48. Head, frontal view; 49. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 50. Mesosoma, lateral view; 51. Fore wing; 52. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403426/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">52</figureCitation>
); inner side of hind tibia with a long oblique depression..................................... 2
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- First subdiscal cell of fore wing comparatively narrow basally, about as wide as first discal cell or narrower and vein 1-SR of fore wing differentiated with first discal cell present because of presence of vein 1-SR+M (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FBE0FF51A2F1FF50" box="[1097,1158,151,173]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[247,1372,329,965]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[215,1372,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation in Stephanidae: Fore wing of Megischus ranjithi Binoy, Santhosh and Girish Kumar sp. nov. showing wing venation" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403369/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FB38FF5EA2DCFF50" box="[1169,1195,152,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 7481" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,184,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[189,1398,178,1915]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 7481. Parastephanellus narendrani Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Santhosh sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 74. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 75. Head, lateral view; 76. Head, frontal view; 77. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 78. Mesosoma, lateral view; 79. Hind leg; 80. Fore wing; 81. First metasomal tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403450/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">80</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FB1CFF5EA2B8FF50" box="[1205,1231,152,173]" captionStart="FIGURES 8592" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[186,1397,181,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-17@41.[183,1404,178,1913]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 8592. Parastephanellus reductus Binoy, Girish Kumar &amp; Santhosh sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 85. Habitus, lateral view; 86. Head, lateral view; 87. Head, dorsal view; 88. Head, frontal view; 89. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 90. Mesosoma, lateral view; 91. Fore wing; 92. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403460/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">91</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FB70FF5EA377FF53" box="[1241,1280,152,174]" captionStart="FIGURES 96103" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,181,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@45.[196,1391,181,1889]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 96103. Stephanus bidentatus van Achterberg &amp; Yang, 2004 ♂. 96. Habitus, lateral view (excluding metasoma in part); 97. Head, lateral view; 98. Head, frontal view; 99. Head, dorsal view; 100. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 101. Mesosoma, lateral view; 102. Fore wing; 103. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403468/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">102</figureCitation>
); hind tibia usually distinctly longer than hind femur (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FDFEFF73A4D5FF36" box="[599,674,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURES 6671" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,185,1541]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 6671. Megischus ranjithi Binoy, Santhosh &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 66. Hind femora &amp; tibia; 67. Hind leg; 68. First metasomal tergite; 69. Metasoma (except first tergite), lateral view; 70. Last metasomal tergite showing metasomal protuberances, lateral view; 71. Ovipositor and ovipositor sheath, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 66</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FD04FF73A4B0FF37" box="[685,711,181,202]" captionStart="FIGURES 7481" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,184,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[189,1398,178,1915]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 7481. Parastephanellus narendrani Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Santhosh sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 74. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 75. Head, lateral view; 76. Head, frontal view; 77. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 78. Mesosoma, lateral view; 79. Hind leg; 80. Fore wing; 81. First metasomal tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403450/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">79</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FD78FF73A49CFF37" box="[721,747,181,202]" captionStart="FIGURES 8592" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[186,1397,181,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-17@41.[183,1404,178,1913]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 8592. Parastephanellus reductus Binoy, Girish Kumar &amp; Santhosh sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 85. Habitus, lateral view; 86. Head, lateral view; 87. Head, dorsal view; 88. Head, frontal view; 89. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 90. Mesosoma, lateral view; 91. Fore wing; 92. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403460/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">92</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FD5FFF73A56AFF36" box="[758,797,181,203]" captionStart="FIGURES 96103" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,181,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@45.[196,1391,181,1889]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 96103. Stephanus bidentatus van Achterberg &amp; Yang, 2004 ♂. 96. Habitus, lateral view (excluding metasoma in part); 97. Head, lateral view; 98. Head, frontal view; 99. Head, dorsal view; 100. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 101. Mesosoma, lateral view; 102. Fore wing; 103. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403468/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">103</figureCitation>
); inner side of hind tibia variable, frequently without long oblique depression........................................................................................... 3
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<keyStep id="30BCDCC85A57FFB0FF3EFF29A3EBFD98" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF3EFF29A3EBFE65" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30B967585A57FFB0FF3EFF29A3EBFE65" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF3EFF29A6DEFEF9" bold="true" box="[151,169,239,260]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">2.</emphasis>
Veins 2-SR and 2-SR+M of fore wing absent; vein 1-SR of fore wing not or hardly differentiated because of absence of vein 1-SR+M; sclerite present between hind coxae; neck moderately to very slender and finely striate and no distinct pronotal fold, rarely with weakly developed pronotal fold and specialised (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FC98FEECA50AFEC2" box="[817,893,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 512" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[189,1398,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 512. Foenatopus chareshi Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 5. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 6. Head, lateral view; 7. Head, dorsal view; 8. Head, frontal view; 9. Head, mesosoma and part of first metasomal tergite, lateral view; 10. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 11. Fore wing; 12. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 10</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FC21FEECA5D5FEC2" box="[904,930,298,319]" captionStart="FIGURES 1520" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1571,1595]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,181,1548]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[160,1428,181,1548]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 1520. Foenatopus chareshi Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Paratype ♂. 15. Habitus, lateral view; 16. Head, frontal view; 17. Head, dorsal view; 18. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 19. Fore wing; 20. Hind leg and metasoma, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403385" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403385/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FC07FEECA5BFFEBD" box="[942,968,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 3340" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1900,1924]" captionTargetBox="[218,1377,193,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-17@24.[198,1390,181,1875]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 3340.. Foenatopus sureshani Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 33. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 34. Head and part of pronotum, lateral view; 35. Head, dorsal view; 36. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 37. Fore wing; 38. Mesosoma, lateral view; 39. First metasomal tergite; 40. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403416" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403416/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">36</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FC7AFEECA599FEBD" box="[979,1006,298,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 4552" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1917,1941]" captionTargetBox="[197,1391,182,1893]" captionTargetId="figure-17@27.[196,1391,181,1893]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 4552. Foenatopus weii Chen, van Achterberg &amp; Xu, 2016. ♀ 45. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 46. Head and pronotum, lateral view; 47. Head, dorsal view; 48. Head, frontal view; 49. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 50. Mesosoma, lateral view; 51. Fore wing; 52. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403426/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">49</figureCitation>
); outer side of hind tibia posteriorly usually without fine oblique striae and/or ventrally with fine carina; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing nearly always reduced, but sometimes complete; metapleuron slender; ovipositor sheath with or without a subapical ivory or whitish band (completely black:
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FAF2FEA3A3E0FE87" box="[1371,1431,357,379]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1825,1849]" captionTargetBox="[150,1437,881,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-173@6.[147,1439,876,1804]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Foenatopus anupam (Narendran &amp; Sureshan, 2003)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403375/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FF4BFE44A68BFE6A" box="[226,252,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURE 24" captionStartId="15.[151,250,2009,2033]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,1071,1985]" captionTargetId="figure-234@15.[150,1436,1069,1985]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 24. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Foenatopus jodhpurensis Narendran, 2001." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403393" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403393/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FEAFFE44A757FE6A" box="[262,288,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURE 30" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1386,1410]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,450,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-66@21.[152,1436,448,1362]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 30. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Foenatopus stom (Narendran &amp; Sureshan, 2003)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403408" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403408/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">30</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FE83FE44A732FE6A" box="[298,325,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURES 4143" captionStartId="25.[151,264,657,681]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,183,632]" captionTargetId="figure-17@25.[157,1430,181,633]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 4143. Foenatopus sureshani Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 41. Metasoma (except first tergite), dorsal view; 42. Metasoma (except first tergite), lateral view; 43. Ovipositor and ovipositor sheath." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403420/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">43</figureCitation>
; with subapical ivory band:
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FDFDFE44A4E6FE6A" box="[596,657,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,181,1079]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[154,1434,179,1086]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Foenatopus achterbergi Gupta &amp; Gawas, 2020" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403373/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FD32FE44A4DEFE6A" box="[667,681,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1286,1310]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,345,1263]" captionTargetId="figure-81@8.[150,1437,342,1265]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Foenatopus chareshi Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FD1AFE44A4BAFE6A" box="[691,717,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURES 1314" captionStartId="10.[151,264,656,680]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,181,633]" captionTargetId="figure-17@10.[155,1433,181,633]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 1314. Foenatopus chareshi Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 13. Metasoma, lateral view; 14. Ovipositor and ovipositor sheath." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403383" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403383/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">14</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FD7EFE44A486FE6A" box="[727,753,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURES 2122" captionStartId="13.[151,264,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,185,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-17@13.[157,1429,181,1090]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 2122. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Foenatopus frontilinea (Morley, 1917). 21. Habitus, lateral view; 22. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403387" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403387/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">21</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FD52FE44A562FE6A" box="[763,789,386,407]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1122,1146]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,183,1096]" captionTargetId="figure-17@14.[152,1435,179,1101]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 23. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Foenatopus idukkiensis Sureshan &amp; Narendran, 2013." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403389/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FCB6FE44A54EFE65" box="[799,825,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1890,1914]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,952,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-215@16.[150,1438,948,1868]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 25. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Foenatopus keralensis (Narendran &amp; Sureshan 2003)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403396" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403396/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">25</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FCEAFE44A52BFE65" box="[835,860,386,408]" captionStart="FIGURES 5354" captionStartId="28.[151,264,638,662]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,181,615]" captionTargetId="figure-17@28.[171,1417,181,615]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURES 5354. ♀ Foenatopus weii Chen, van Achterberg &amp; Xu, 2016. 53. First metasomal tergite; 54. Metasoma (except first tergite), ovipositor and ovipositor sheath, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403430" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403430/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">54</figureCitation>
)................................
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FB4DFE44A3EBFE65" authority="Smith" authorityName="Smith" box="[1252,1436,386,408]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Foenatopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB4DFE44A3EBFE65" bold="true" box="[1252,1436,386,408]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB4DFE44A32EFE6A" bold="true" box="[1252,1369,386,407]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Foenatopus</emphasis>
Smith
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF3EFE66A3EBFD98" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30B967585A57FFB0FF3EFE66A3EBFD98" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
- Veins 2-SR and 2-SR+M of fore wing present (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FD03FE59A482FE48" box="[682,757,415,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 72" captionStartId="36.[151,250,1120,1144]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,181,1093]" captionTargetId="figure-17@36.[150,1437,178,1098]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="FIGURE 72. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Parastephanellus mufeedae Narendran &amp; Sureshan, 2001." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403444" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403444/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 72</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FCA9FE59A56EFE48" box="[768,793,415,437]" captionStart="FIGURES 7481" captionStartId="38.[151,264,1936,1960]" captionTargetBox="[196,1395,184,1904]" captionTargetId="figure-17@38.[189,1398,178,1915]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURES 7481. Parastephanellus narendrani Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Santhosh sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 74. Habitus, lateral view (excluding ovipositor); 75. Head, lateral view; 76. Head, frontal view; 77. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 78. Mesosoma, lateral view; 79. Hind leg; 80. Fore wing; 81. First metasomal tergite." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403450/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">80</figureCitation>
)[vein 2-SR+M absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FBA6FE66A20EFE49" authority="Binoy &amp; Achterberg &amp; Kumar &amp; Santhosh &amp; Sheela, 2020" authorityName="Binoy &amp; Achterberg &amp; Kumar &amp; Santhosh &amp; Sheela" authorityYear="2020" box="[1039,1145,415,437]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Parastephanellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reductus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FBA6FE66A20EFE49" box="[1039,1145,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">P. reductus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FBD6FE66A2BBFE48" bold="true" box="[1151,1228,416,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20FA5045A57FFB0FBD6FE66A2BBFE48" box="[1151,1228,416,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FB7DFE59A36BFE4B" box="[1236,1308,415,438]" captionStart="FIGURES 8592" captionStartId="41.[151,264,1935,1959]" captionTargetBox="[186,1397,181,1907]" captionTargetId="figure-17@41.[183,1404,178,1913]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="FIGURES 8592. Parastephanellus reductus Binoy, Girish Kumar &amp; Santhosh sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 85. Habitus, lateral view; 86. Head, lateral view; 87. Head, dorsal view; 88. Head, frontal view; 89. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 90. Mesosoma, lateral view; 91. Fore wing; 92. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403460" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403460/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 91</figureCitation>
)], sometimes only pigmented; vein 1-SR of fore wing distinctly differentiated because of presence of vein 1-SR+M; sclerite absent between hind coxae; neck short and comparatively robust, without pronotal fold or transverse carinae; outer side of hind tibia with distinct oblique striae ventrally (but often fine or only ventrally distinctly developed and frequently with some rugulosity and/or apical half of tibia with ventral carina more or less developed), rarely without striae or ventral carina; vein 2-CU1 of fore wing completely developed; metapleuron robust; ovipositor sheath without ivory or whitish subapical band (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FB17FDF4A37FFDBA" box="[1214,1288,562,584]" captionStart="FIGURES 8283" captionStartId="39.[151,264,662,686]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,182,637]" captionTargetId="figure-17@39.[151,1436,181,638]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURES 8283. Parastephanellus narendrani Binoy, van Achterberg &amp; Santhosh sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 82. Metasoma (except first tergite), lateral view; 83. Ovipositor and ovipositor sheath." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403452" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403452/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 83</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FABBFDF4A35CFDB5" box="[1298,1323,562,584]" captionStart="FIGURES 9394" captionStartId="42.[151,264,660,684]" captionTargetBox="[153,1436,182,637]" captionTargetId="figure-17@42.[151,1436,181,637]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="FIGURES 9394. Parastephanellus reductus Binoy, Girish Kumar &amp; Santhosh sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 93. First metasomal tergite; 71. Metasoma (except first tergite) with ovipositor sheath and ovipositor, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403462" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403462/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">94</figureCitation>
).....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FB2CFD89A3EBFD98" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[1157,1436,591,613]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Parastephanellus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB2CFD89A3EBFD98" bold="true" box="[1157,1436,591,613]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB2CFD89A346FD98" bold="true" box="[1157,1329,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Parastephanellus</emphasis>
Enderlein
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30BCDCC85A57FFB0FF3EFDABA3EBFCB2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF3EFDABA3EAFD40" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30B967585A57FFB0FF3EFDABA3EAFD40" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FF3EFDABA6DEFD7F" bold="true" box="[151,169,621,642]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">3.</emphasis>
Hind tarsus of female with five tarsomeres; hind femur distinctly slender and elongate, coarsely striate, ventrally with 23 large teeth, rarely with 4 teeth (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FE70FD4CA45AFD5D" box="[473,557,650,672]" captionStart="FIGURES 96103" captionStartId="45.[151,264,1913,1937]" captionTargetBox="[197,1387,181,1889]" captionTargetId="figure-17@45.[196,1391,181,1889]" captionTargetPageId="45" captionText="FIGURES 96103. Stephanus bidentatus van Achterberg &amp; Yang, 2004 ♂. 96. Habitus, lateral view (excluding metasoma in part); 97. Head, lateral view; 98. Head, frontal view; 99. Head, dorsal view; 100. Mesosoma, dorsal view; 101. Mesosoma, lateral view; 102. Fore wing; 103. Hind leg." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403468/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 103</figureCitation>
); inner side of hind tibia only with a short narrow oblique groove below a small convexity.....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FB45FD61A3EAFD40" authority="Jurine" authorityName="Jurine" box="[1260,1437,679,701]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Stephanus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB45FD61A3EAFD40" bold="true" box="[1260,1437,679,701]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB45FD61A323FD40" bold="true" box="[1260,1364,679,701]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Stephanus</emphasis>
Jurine
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF7C46D5A57FFB0FF3EFD03A3EBFCB2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<keyLead id="30B967585A57FFB0FF3EFD03A3EBFCB2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
- Hind tarsus of female with three tarsomeres; hind femur comparatively robust and less elongate, largely smooth and with some punctures, ventrally with 2 large teeth; inner side of hind tibia usually with wide submedial ventral carina and or with oblique striae ventro-posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FE72FD39A452FCE8" box="[475,549,767,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 6671" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,185,1541]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 6671. Megischus ranjithi Binoy, Santhosh &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 66. Hind femora &amp; tibia; 67. Hind leg; 68. First metasomal tergite; 69. Metasoma (except first tergite), lateral view; 70. Last metasomal tergite showing metasomal protuberances, lateral view; 71. Ovipositor and ovipositor sheath, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 66</figureCitation>
); [ovipositor sheath with ivory subapical band; pronotum without transverse protuberance (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FF40FCDBA743FCCE" box="[233,308,797,819]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1124,1148]" captionTargetBox="[149,1438,181,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-17@30.[146,1438,181,1100]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 56. Habitus of holotype. ♀ Megischus alveolifer van Achterberg, 2004." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403434" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403434/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 56</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FE96FCDBA72DFCCE" box="[319,346,797,819]" captionStart="FIGURES 6671" captionStartId="33.[151,264,1567,1591]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,185,1541]" captionTargetId="figure-17@33.[151,1436,181,1543]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURES 6671. Megischus ranjithi Binoy, Santhosh &amp; Girish Kumar sp. nov. Holotype ♀. 66. Hind femora &amp; tibia; 67. Hind leg; 68. First metasomal tergite; 69. Metasoma (except first tergite), lateral view; 70. Last metasomal tergite showing metasomal protuberances, lateral view; 71. Ovipositor and ovipositor sheath, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403442" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403442/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">71</figureCitation>
); temple without pale yellowish streak behind eye, at most with a ventral patch; outer side of hind tibia without oblique striae or rugulosity; vein 1-M of fore wing 3.58.0 × as long as vein 1-SR (
<figureCitation id="1373D8E85A57FFB0FBA8FCFCA24EFCAD" box="[1025,1081,825,848]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1022,1046]" captionTargetBox="[247,1372,329,965]" captionTargetId="figure-17@2.[215,1372,181,999]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Wing venation in Stephanidae: Fore wing of Megischus ranjithi Binoy, Santhosh and Girish Kumar sp. nov. showing wing venation" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4403369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4403369/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
)].............
<taxonomicName id="4C48BFEE5A57FFB0FB45FCFCA3EBFCB2" authority="Brulle" authorityName="Brulle" authorityYear="1846" box="[1260,1436,825,848]" class="Insecta" family="Stephanidae" genus="Megischus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB45FCFCA3EBFCB2" bold="true" box="[1260,1436,825,848]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="B93C187F5A57FFB0FB45FCFCA320FCAD" bold="true" box="[1260,1367,826,848]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Megischus</emphasis>
Brullé
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>