292 lines
42 KiB
XML
292 lines
42 KiB
XML
<document id="E974B36CBF0B20AEF45271BB5ECA123B" ID-CLB-Dataset="31040" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4370.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c8c77e57-832e-4a4a-8468-375d06593794" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1143883" ID-ZooBank="307E8947-81F4-4271-A02A-1115892BEC9C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1515573518351" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Girgan, Chantelle, Swart, Antoinette, Marais, Mariette & Fourie, Hendrika" docDate="2018" docId="03BCA226FFC875170ADBFB55434F5DA7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4370.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4370 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Aphelenchoides rutgersi Hooper & Myers 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="146" masterDocId="FF85DA5EFFC0751E0A4CFFB6424F5E4B" masterDocTitle="Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) and Panagrolaimus leperisini (Nematoda: Rhabditida) found associated with grass seeds in the Telperion Nature Reserve, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="155" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="145" updateTime="1698513505319" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5DC1AEA2C71A10582EE72314E8F1ACBC">Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) and Panagrolaimus leperisini (Nematoda: Rhabditida) found associated with grass seeds in the Telperion Nature Reserve, South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8CFF8F603743AD485F827B617820060D">Girgan, Chantelle</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3C8ADB209E608803BB73684133DFC18E">Swart, Antoinette</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55FC417902DC9994689AA67D70FA7089">Marais, Mariette</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="636233C93A6D8847E4C729558F33FB88">Fourie, Hendrika</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4948068A0774946E89AB52B3BB68A1A6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="ECE78294F8CA08DF5407EBFCF9A2A4A2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="60874315A89BB5C610F1A979D679AA95">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F37E53E8C366C0C6BBEDAC1E5C0C9ACE">2018-01-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="52CC4CD2D84C4A0B86A6E3747D82B9C4">4370</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BCA226FFC875170ADBFB55434F5DA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970546" ID-GBIF-Taxon="140236740" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5970546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BCA226FFC875170ADBFB55434F5DA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BCA226FFC875170ADBFB55434F5DA7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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<subSubSection id="C30F40BBFFC875160ADBFB5543535B55" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC875160ADBFB5540AC5AB6" blockId="8.[151,739,1251,1310]" box="[151,739,1251,1277]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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<heading id="D0E2A45CFFC875160ADBFB5540AC5AB6" bold="true" box="[151,739,1251,1277]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC875160ADBFB5540AC5AB6" ID-CoL="958096bc-2a24-4c50-a95c-37c3c790ecdd" authority="Hooper & Myers, 1971" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,739,1251,1277]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
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<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160ADBFB5540AC5AB6" bold="true" box="[151,739,1251,1277]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160ADBFB5543F35AB6" bold="true" box="[151,444,1251,1277]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Aphelenchoides rutgersi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC875160B88FB5540AC5AB6" author="Hooper" box="[452,739,1251,1277]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" refString="Hooper, D. J. & Myers, R. F. (1971) Aphelenchoides rutgersi n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoidea), Description and morphometrics, with observations on A. dactylocercus Hooper, 1958 and A. cibolensis Riffle, 1970. Nematologica, 17 (2), 295 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529271 X 00143" type="journal article" year="1971">Hooper & Myers, 1971</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC875160ADBFAB343535B55" blockId="8.[151,739,1251,1310]" box="[151,284,1285,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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(
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160AD3FAB342AD5B55" box="[159,226,1285,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[225,1393,199,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangementof oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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&
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160B49FAB0435B5B55" box="[261,276,1286,1310]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1118,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1096]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1096]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Vulval region showing spermatheca with arrows indicating sperm cells; and post-vulval uterine sac; B: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143891/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F40BBFFC875160ADBFAF841485B98" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC875160ADBFAF841485B98" blockId="8.[151,1437,1357,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC875160ADBFAF843E85B2D" ID-CoL="958096bc-2a24-4c50-a95c-37c3c790ecdd" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,423,1358,1382]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
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<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160ADBFAF843E85B2D" box="[151,423,1358,1382]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Aphelenchoides rutgersi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was originally collected by W. Feder from around citrus roots Orlando,
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<collectingRegion id="49D1DDD2FFC875160E85FAFB47525B2D" box="[1225,1309,1357,1382]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Florida</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F30253A0FFC875160F6BFAF847195B2D" box="[1319,1366,1358,1382]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">U.S.</collectingCountry>
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A and described from specimens cultured on
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<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC87516082FFAC4411D5BC1" box="[611,850,1394,1418]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Setophoma terrestris</emphasis>
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(H.N. Hansen) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley or
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<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC875160ADBFA2140FF5BE5" ID-CoL="MQKP" authority="Pers. (Hooper & Myers 1971)" authorityName="Pers. (Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,688,1430,1455]" class="Leotiomycetes" family="Sclerotiniaceae" genus="Botrytis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Fungi" order="Helotiales" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="cinerea">
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<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160ADBFA2143035BE5" box="[151,332,1431,1454]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Botrytis cinerea</emphasis>
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Pers. (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC875160BD0FA2040E85BE5" author="Hooper" box="[412,679,1430,1455]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" refString="Hooper, D. J. & Myers, R. F. (1971) Aphelenchoides rutgersi n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoidea), Description and morphometrics, with observations on A. dactylocercus Hooper, 1958 and A. cibolensis Riffle, 1970. Nematologica, 17 (2), 295 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529271 X 00143" type="journal article" year="1971">Hooper & Myers 1971</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. This species was then again found in the rhizosphere of tobacco plants in
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<collectingCountry id="F30253A0FFC875160AB1FA0C43125B98" box="[253,349,1466,1491]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC875160B20FA0C40B55B98" author="Katalan-Gateva" box="[364,762,1466,1491]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" refString="Katalan-Gateva, S. & Budurova, L. (1976) A contribution to the nematode fauna of tobacco in Bulgaria. Zoologiya, 69 (1), 103 - 108." type="journal article" year="1976">Katalan-Gateva & Budurova, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30F40BBFFC875160A8BFA6B43C459C8" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC875160A8BFA6B40425BBD" blockId="8.[151,1437,1357,2031]" box="[199,525,1501,1526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160A8BFA6B43325BBD" bold="true" box="[199,381,1501,1526]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Measurements.</emphasis>
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See
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<tableCitation id="C697268BFFC875160BF8FA6B40465BBD" box="[436,521,1501,1526]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,239,260,283]" captionText="TABLE 4. Measurements (in µm) of Aphelenchoides rutgersi Hooper & Myers, 1971, Aphelenchoides lichenicola" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Table 4</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC875160A8BF9B440975915" blockId="8.[151,1437,1357,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
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<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160A8BF9B443165850" bold="true" box="[199,345,1538,1563]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160B13F9B443F35851" box="[351,444,1538,1562]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Female:</emphasis>
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(n = 3) Habitus slightly curved ventrally. Cuticle finely annulated, annule width about 1 µm at mid-body. Lateral field 3–4 µm wide marked with three incisures (
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC87516099AF993467E5875" box="[982,1073,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[225,1393,199,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangementof oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
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). Head slightly offset (
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160F78F99347C05875" box="[1332,1423,1573,1598]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[225,1393,199,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangementof oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). Lip region 2–4 µm high and 3–4 µm wide. Stylet 11–12 µm long with slight basal thickenings. Median bulb spherical with centrally located valve (
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160819F9DB40FD58CD" box="[597,690,1645,1670]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[225,1393,199,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangementof oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). Nerve ring situated 66–68 µm from anterior end, less than one corresponding body width from base of median bulb. Excretory pore 75–76 µm from anterior end, opposite nerve ring (
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160A9FF90343625885" box="[211,301,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[225,1393,199,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangementof oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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). Ovary outstretched with a single row of oocytes (
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160926F903418E5885" box="[874,961,1717,1742]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[225,1393,199,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangementof oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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). Spermatheca elongate, containing sperm cells (
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160A95F96C437B58B9" box="[217,308,1754,1779]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1118,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1096]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1096]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Vulval region showing spermatheca with arrows indicating sperm cells; and post-vulval uterine sac; B: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143891/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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). Vulval lips slightly protruding with the vagina occupying about half the corresponding body width, curving anteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160B38F94B4381595D" box="[372,462,1789,1814]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[225,1393,199,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangementof oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
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). Post-vulval uterine sac 37–43 µm in length, about 2.5 times vulval body width and shorter than half vulva-anus distance (
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160802F89440E75971" box="[590,680,1826,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[225,1393,199,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangementof oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
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). Tail elongate conoid, 33–37 µm long. Terminus bearing a short, slightly ventrally-located mucro (
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<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC875160842F8F340CC5915" box="[526,643,1861,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1938,1960]" captionTargetBox="[225,1393,199,1893]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,193,1917]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Anterior region; B: Anterior end of reproductive system showing arrangementof oocytes C: Vulval region showing post-vulval uterine sac D: Lateral field at mid-body; E–G: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143889/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Fig. 3E–G</figureCitation>
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&
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E0FB5FFC8751608EBF8F040845915" box="[679,715,1862,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1118,1140]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1096]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1096]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aphelenchoides rutgersi, female. A: Vulval region showing spermatheca with arrows indicating sperm cells; and post-vulval uterine sac; B: Tail region." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1143891/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC875160A8BF8DC43C459C8" blockId="8.[151,1437,1357,2031]" box="[199,395,1898,1923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160A8BF8DC434559C9" box="[199,266,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Male:</emphasis>
|
||
Not found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F40BBFFC875170A8BF83B434F5DA7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC875170A8BF83B47D85F56" blockId="8.[151,1437,1357,2031]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,1004]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160A8BF83B430359ED" bold="true" box="[199,332,1933,1958]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
The female specimen of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC8751608FDF838412D59ED" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1894" box="[689,866,1934,1958]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC8751608FDF838412D59ED" box="[689,866,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Aphelenchoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. found associated with the seeds of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC875160F0EF83843465981" authorityName="Henrard" authorityYear="1932" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160F0EF83843465981" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">Aristida canescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected from the Telperion Nature Reserve were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC875160E4CF80446325981" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[1024,1149,1970,1994]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC875160E4CF80446325981" box="[1024,1149,1970,1994]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="145">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on tail shape and morphological characteristics matching those of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC8751608AFF861465D59A5" author="Hooper" box="[739,1042,2006,2031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="145" refString="Hooper, D. J. & Myers, R. F. (1971) Aphelenchoides rutgersi n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoidea), Description and morphometrics, with observations on A. dactylocercus Hooper, 1958 and A. cibolensis Riffle, 1970. Nematologica, 17 (2), 295 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529271 X 00143" type="journal article" year="1971">Hooper & Myers (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. There were only the following differences: Spermatheca and sperm cells observed in South African specimen. In the original description, spermatheca were indistinct and contained no sperm cells. However, males are present in this species and the presence of sperm cells is possible. This species is reported for the first time in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30253A0FFC975170E40FF6946D45EB3" box="[1036,1179,223,248]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
and to our knowledge, it is the second report since its description. Specimens were deposited in the NCN under accession number 50541.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC975170A8BFE91401F5C53" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170A8BFE91433F5F0B" bold="true" box="[199,368,295,320]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Relationships.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170BE6FE9E40145F0B" authorityName="Fischer" authorityYear="1894" box="[426,603,296,320]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170BE6FE9E40145F0B" box="[426,603,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Aphelenchoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170951FE9E41B35F0B" box="[797,1020,296,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cansescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170951FE9E41B35F0B" box="[797,1020,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Aristida cansescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were compared with species that are morphologically similar to the South African specimens in having a tail with one or two terminal mucronate structures and three incisures in the lateral field. Comparing the morphological and morphometric data of our Telperion specimens to those in Shahina’s (1996) compendium, the following species with a relatively long postvulval uterine sac (PUS) can be differentiated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC9751708BCFE0E41255F84" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[752,874,440,463]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC9751708BCFE0E41255F84" box="[752,874,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(PUS less than half the vulva-anus distance):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170FC8FE0E43AF5FBE" authority="Seth & Sharma, 1986" authorityName="Seth & Sharma" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="agarici">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170FC8FE0E42A75FBF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. agarici</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170AA2FE6A43AF5FBE" author="Seth" box="[238,480,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Seth, A. & Sharma, N. K. (1986) Five new species of genus Aphelenchoides (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) infesting mushroom in northern India. Indian Journal Nematology, 16 (2), 205 - 215." type="journal article" year="1986">Seth & Sharma, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170BA0FE6A40B55FBF" authority="Ebsary, 1991" authorityName="Ebsary" authorityYear="1991" box="[492,762,476,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170BA0FE6A40105FBF" box="[492,607,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. minoris</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC97517082AFE6A40B55FBF" author="Ebsary" box="[614,762,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Ebsary, B. A. (1991) Catalog of the order Tylenchida (Nematoda). Research Branch, Agriculture, Canada, Ottawa, 196 pp." type="book" year="1991">Ebsary, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170978FE6A46BE5FBE" authority="Seth & Sharma, 1986" authorityName="Seth & Sharma" authorityYear="1986" box="[820,1265,476,501]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myceliophagus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170978FE6A41B45FBF" box="[820,1019,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. myceliophagus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170E4DFE6A46BE5FBE" author="Seth" box="[1025,1265,476,501]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Seth, A. & Sharma, N. K. (1986) Five new species of genus Aphelenchoides (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) infesting mushroom in northern India. Indian Journal Nematology, 16 (2), 205 - 215." type="journal article" year="1986">Seth & Sharma, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
all have a PUS more than half the vulva-anus distance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC975170A8BFD9240C25D5F" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
Some of the smaller species also differ based on shorter body length (542–582 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170EABFD92472A5C77" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[1255,1381,548,572]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170EABFD92472A5C77" box="[1255,1381,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170FC8FD9243B85C2B" authority="Eroshenko, 1968" authorityName="Eroshenko" authorityYear="1968" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breviuterallis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170FC8FD9243625C2B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. breviuterallis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170B7AFDF143B85C2B" author="Eroshenko" box="[310,503,583,608]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Eroshenko, A. S. (1968) [Five new species of Aphelenchoides Fischer, 1894 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididiae)]. Soobshcheniya Dal'nevostochnogo Filiala VL Komarova, Sibir. Otdel. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 26, 58 - 66. [in Russian]." type="journal article" year="1968">Eroshenko, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L = 410–460 µm) also has a shorter stylet (8 µm compared to 11–12 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170FC8FDFE42BF5CCF" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170FC8FDFE42BF5CCF" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170B46FDDA407F5CCF" authority="Riffle, 1970" authorityName="Riffle" authorityYear="1970" box="[266,560,620,645]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cibolensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170B46FDDA43D35CCF" box="[266,412,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. cibolensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170BEAFDDA407F5CCF" author="Riffle" box="[422,560,620,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Riffle, J. W. (1970) Aphelenchoides cibolensis (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), a new mycophagous nematode species. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 37 (1), 78 - 80." type="journal article" year="1970">Riffle, 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L = 360–460 µm) with a shorter tail (27 µm compared to 33-37 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170FC8FDDA42BF5CEC" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170FC8FDDA42BF5CEC" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170B18FD2640B25CE3" authority="Franklin & Siddiqi, 1963" authorityName="Franklin & Siddiqi" authorityYear="1963" box="[340,765,655,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trivialis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170B18FD2643815CE3" box="[340,462,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. trivialis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170B95FD3940B25CE3" author="Franklin" box="[473,765,655,680]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Franklin, M. T. & Siddiqi, M. R. (1963) Aphelenchoides trivalis n. sp. from South India. Nematologica, 9 (1), 15 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529263 x 00034" type="journal article" year="1963">Franklin & Siddiqi, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L = 360–490 µm) has a reflexed ovary compared to no flexure in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170B46FD0243CD5C87" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[266,386,692,716]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170B46FD0243CD5C87" box="[266,386,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170BC3FD0240F05C87" authority="Gritsenko, 1971" authorityName="Gritsenko" authorityYear="1971" box="[399,703,692,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="curiolis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170BC3FD02404B5C87" box="[399,516,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. curiolis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170847FD0240F05C87" author="Gritsenko" box="[523,703,692,717]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Gritsenko, V. P. (1971) [Ditylenchus tenuidens n. sp. and Aphelenchoides curiolis n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchidae and Aphelenchoididae) from Kirgizia.]. Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 50 (9), 1402 - 1405. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1971">Gritsenko, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a significantly shorter stylet (6 µm compared to 11–12 µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170ADBFD6E435F5CA4" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,272,728,751]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170ADBFD6E435F5CA4" box="[151,272,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170B64FD6E41125CBB" authority="(Steiner, 1926) Filipjev, 1934" authorityName="(Steiner, 1926) Filipjev" authorityYear="1934" baseAuthorityName="Steiner" baseAuthorityYear="1926" box="[296,861,727,752]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chamelocephalus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170B64FD6E40455CBB" box="[296,522,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. chamelocephalus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170855FD6140FE5CBB" author="Steiner" box="[537,689,727,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Steiner, G. (1926) Parasitic nemas on peanuts in South Africa. Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, (II), 67, 351 - 365." type="journal article" year="1926">Steiner, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC97517088DFD6141125CBB" author="Filipjev" box="[705,861,727,752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Filipjev, I. N. (1934) [Harmful and useful nematodes in rural economy]. Leningrad, Moscow, 440 pp. [in Russian]" type="book" year="1934">Filipjev, 1934</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in the more posterior position of the vulva: 75–80% compared to 69–70% in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170842FD4A40C95D5F" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[526,646,764,788]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170842FD4A40C95D5F" box="[526,646,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA1330FFC975170A8BFCA9434F5DA7" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,1004]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">
|
||
The species most morphologically similar is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170883FC9646005D73" authority="Seth & Sharma, 1986" authorityName="Seth & Sharma" authorityYear="1986" box="[719,1103,799,824]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="swarupi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170883FC9641045D7C" box="[719,843,800,823]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. swarupi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170919FCA946005D73" author="Seth" box="[853,1103,799,824]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Seth, A. & Sharma, N. K. (1986) Five new species of genus Aphelenchoides (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) infesting mushroom in northern India. Indian Journal Nematology, 16 (2), 205 - 215." type="journal article" year="1986">Seth & Sharma, 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and differs only in having a higher
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170AA5FCF242B05D10" box="[233,255,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">c’</emphasis>
|
||
value (5 compared to
|
||
<quantity id="4CEDBED5FFC975170842FCF240175D16" box="[526,600,836,861]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.89" metricValueMax="10.16" metricValueMin="7.62" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" unit="in" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC97517082FFCF240915D17" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[611,734,836,860]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC97517082FFCF240915D17" box="[611,734,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Other closely related species based on morphology are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170FC8FCF240495DCB" authority="Zeidan & Geraert, 1991" authorityName="Zeidan & Geraert" authorityYear="1991" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="eltayebi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170FC8FCF242BF5DCB" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. eltayebi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170ABBFCD140495DCB" author="Zeidan" box="[247,518,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Zeidan, A. B. & Geraert, E. (1991) Aphelenchoides, Aphelenchus and Paraphelenchus from Sudan with the description of two new species. Nematologica, 37 (1), 420 - 438." type="journal article" year="1991">Zeidan & Geraert, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170873FCDE412A5DCB" authority="Hooper, 1958" authorityName="Hooper" authorityYear="1958" box="[575,869,871,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sacchari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170873FCDE40F05DCB" box="[575,703,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. sacchari</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF846EC1FFC975170884FCDE412A5DCB" author="Hooper" box="[712,869,871,896]" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" refString="Hooper, D. J. (1958) Aphelenchoides dactylocercus n. sp. and A. sacchari n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoidea). Nematologica, 3 (3), 299 - 235. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187529258 x 00454" type="journal article" year="1958">Hooper, 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC97517093DFCDE46CD5DCB" authorityName="Zeidan & Geraert" authorityYear="1991" box="[881,1154,872,896]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="eltayebi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC97517093DFCDE46CD5DCB" box="[881,1154,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Aphelenchoides eltayebi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having a more offset head and a more anterior excretory pore (44µm from anterior vs. 76µm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170E18FC3A469F5DEF" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" box="[1108,1232,908,932]" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170E18FC3A469F5DEF" box="[1108,1232,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170EA7FC3A42B85D83" authorityName="Hooper" authorityYear="1958" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="sacchari">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170EA7FC3A42B85D83" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">Aphelenchoides sacchari</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs in having oocytes arranged in two rows at the anterior end of the ovary (only one row in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1568B3FFC975170FC8FC0642BF5DA7" authorityName="Hooper & Myers" authorityYear="1971" class="Chromadorea" family="Aphelenchoididae" genus="Aphelenchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="9" pageNumber="146" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rutgersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961CF22FFC975170FC8FC0642BF5DA7" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="146">A. rutgersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |