275 lines
36 KiB
XML
275 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="6CB1E3D4F8DB976EAF0732275DEA08FC" ID-CLB-Dataset="55834" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5128.4.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1cfce8c2-1ab3-443f-ba0d-e2a05603689a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6480094" ID-ZooBank="65CF7D76-B932-4AAF-A93D-E0E2E33AD06D" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1650722992003" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Scheffrahn, Rudolf H." docDate="2022" docId="039E5D69D904FFFEFF1A5127678C1187" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5128.4.7.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5128 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Amitermes californicus Banks 1920" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="585" masterDocId="FFA72511D905FFFAFF8D544A655B100E" masterDocTitle="Amitermes californicus Banks, 1920 (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae) resurrected after ninety years of synonymy and A. floridensis Scheffrahn, 1989 synonymized into A. wheeleri (Desneux, 1906)" masterLastPageNumber="588" masterPageNumber="581" pageNumber="582" updateTime="1699329140401" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="941D3362962DCB798F6E7579C2415AED">Amitermes californicus Banks, 1920 (Isoptera, Termitidae, Termitinae) resurrected after ninety years of synonymy and A. floridensis Scheffrahn, 1989 synonymized into A. wheeleri (Desneux, 1906)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6B27AE7B8CA5CB9549AC74A0B8BA66CB">Scheffrahn, Rudolf H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="63C3AC4A253EA5CAD322012A21868C2D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="72860658F98B98CA81BFAFDB5985EAAF">2022</mods:date>
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<treatment id="039E5D69D904FFFEFF1A5127678C1187" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6501599" ID-GBIF-Taxon="194851651" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6501599" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039E5D69D904FFFEFF1A5127678C1187" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039E5D69D904FFFEFF1A5127678C1187" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<subSubSection id="C32DBFF4D904FFFBFF1A5127664E15C4" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A5127661C1589" blockId="1.[151,839,1389,1416]" box="[151,839,1389,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<heading id="D0C05B13D904FFFBFF1A5127661C1589" bold="true" box="[151,839,1389,1416]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFF1A5127661C1589" bold="true" box="[151,839,1389,1416]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD904FFFBFF1A512767141589" ID-CoL="8Q83Z" authority="Banks, 1920" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,591,1389,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFF1A512764E91586" bold="true" box="[151,434,1389,1416]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">Amitermes californicus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFE34512767141589" author="Banks, N. & Snyder, T. E." box="[441,591,1389,1415]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref3012" refString="Banks, N. & Snyder, T. E. (1920) A revision of the Nearctic termites, with notes on the biology and distribution of termites. United States National Museum Bulletin, 108, 1 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.108. i" type="journal article" year="1920">Banks, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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—revalidated name
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A51F8664E15C4" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,789,1458,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A51F8644815C4" author="Banks, N. & Snyder, T. E." box="[151,275,1458,1482]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref3012" refString="Banks, N. & Snyder, T. E. (1920) A revision of the Nearctic termites, with notes on the biology and distribution of termites. United States National Museum Bulletin, 108, 1 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.108. i" type="journal article" year="1920">Banks 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: soldier described and figured; 61 fig. 2, 62, fig. 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32DBFF4D904FFF8FF1A519A670D116B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A519A67C21609" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A519A644E15E6" author="Light, S. F." box="[151,277,1488,1512]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="173 - 214" refId="ref3412" refString="Light, S. F. (1930 a) The California species of the genus Amitermes Silvestri (Isoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 5, 173 - 214." type="journal article" year="1930">Light 1930a</bibRefCitation>
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: soldier, worker described and figured; 179, 184–187, 185, figs. L–O; pl. 11, fig. 1; pl. 12 figs. 1, 6; pl. 13, figs. 1, 5.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A51A5644C1609" author="Light, S. F." box="[151,279,1519,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="215 - 233" refId="ref3447" refString="Light, S. F. (1930 b) The Mexican species of Amitermes Silvestri (Isoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 5, 215 - 233." type="journal article" year="1930">Light 1930b</bibRefCitation>
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: soldier mandibles figured; 231 fig. 3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A52446732162B" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,617,1550,1574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A524464781628" author="Light, S. F." box="[151,291,1550,1574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="5 - 9" refId="ref3480" refString="Light, S. F. (1931) The termites of Nevada. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 8, 5 - 9." type="journal article" year="1931">Light 1931: 9</bibRefCitation>
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; synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD904FFFBFE62524467391628" baseAuthorityName="Desneux" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[495,610,1550,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFE62524467391628" box="[495,610,1550,1574]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">A. wheeleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A52666678164A" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,803,1580,1604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A52666451164A" author="Light, S. F." box="[151,266,1580,1604]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="355 - 414" refId="ref3503" refString="Light, S. F. (1932) Contribution toward a revision of the American species of Amitermes Silvestri. University of California Publications in Entomology, 5, 355 - 414." type="journal article" year="1932">Light 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: soldier figured, 363; synonymized with
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<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD904FFFBFD2752676646164A" baseAuthorityName="Desneux" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[682,797,1580,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFD2752676646164A" box="[682,797,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">A. wheeleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A52016763166D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,568,1611,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A52016451166D" author="Light, S. F." box="[151,266,1611,1635]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="199 - 205" refId="ref3537" refString="Light, S. F. (1934) The desert termites of the genus Amitermes. In: Kofoid, C. A. (Ed.) Termites and Termite Control. 2 nd Edition. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, pp. 199 - 205." type="book chapter" year="1934">Light 1934</bibRefCitation>
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: soldier figured; 202 fig. d, g.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A52206715168C" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,590,1641,1666]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A52206471168F" author="Weesner, F. M." box="[151,298,1641,1665]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" refId="ref4162" refString="Weesner, F. M. (1965) Termites of the United States: a handbook. National Pest Control Association, Elizabeth, New Jersey, 70 pp." type="book" year="1965">Weesner 1965</bibRefCitation>
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: soldier figured; 61 fig. 19E.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A52C267C716AE" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,668,1672,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A52C2642016AE" author="Scheffrahn, R. H. & Gaston, L. K. & Sims, J. J. & Rust, M. K." box="[151,379,1672,1696]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="1293 - 1305" refId="ref3760" refString="Scheffrahn, R. H., Gaston, L. K., Sims, J. J. & Rust, M. K. (1983) Identification of the defensive secretion from soldiers of the North American termite, Amitermes wheeleri (Desneux) (Isoptera: Termitidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 9, 1293 - 1305. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00994798" type="journal article" year="1983">
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Scheffrahn
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFE8152C3641B16AE" box="[268,320,1672,1696]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
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1983
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</bibRefCitation>
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: soldier figured; 1297 fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A52ED679616B1" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,717,1703,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A52ED64DC16B1" author="Scheffrahn, R. H. & Gaston, L. K. & Nutting, W. L. & Rust, M. K." box="[151,391,1703,1727]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="661 - 664" refId="ref3836" refString="Scheffrahn, R. H., Gaston, L. K., Nutting, W. L. & Rust, M. K. (1986 a) Chemical heterogeneity of soldier defensive secretions in the desert subterranean termite, Amitermes wheeleri. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 14, 661 - 664. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / 0305 - 1978 (86) 90049 - 9" type="journal article" year="1986">
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Scheffrahn
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFE8152E2641B16B1" box="[268,320,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
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1986a
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</bibRefCitation>
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: soldier figured,662 fig. 1 (left).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A528C670716D0" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,604,1734,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A528C64D316D0" author="Scheffrahn, R. H. & Sims, J. J. & Lee, R K & Rust, M. K." box="[151,392,1734,1758]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="699 - 701" refId="ref3911" refString="Scheffrahn, R. H., Sims, J. J., Lee, R K. & Rust, M. K. (1986 b) Helminthogermacrene, a major component in the defensive secretion of the Nearctic termite, Amitermes wheeleri. Journal of Natural Products, 49, 699 - 701. https: // doi. org / 10.1021 / np 50046 a 028" type="journal article" year="1986">
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Scheffrahn
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFE81528C641B16D0" box="[268,320,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
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1986b
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</bibRefCitation>
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: defensive secretion.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A52AE665516F2" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,782,1764,1788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A52AE64DA16F2" author="Nickle, D. A. & Collins, M. S." box="[151,385,1764,1788]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="85 - 122" refId="ref3590" refString="Nickle, D. A. & Collins, M. S. (1988) The termite fauna (Isoptera) in the vicinity of Chamela, State of Jalisco, Mexico. Folia Entomologica Mexicana, 77, 85 - 122." type="journal article" year="1988">Nickle & Collins 1988</bibRefCitation>
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: soldier, worker figured; pl. 7 fig G–H.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A534964FA1715" blockId="1.[151,1436,1458,1819]" box="[151,417,1795,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFF1A534964C61715" author="Krishna, K. & Grimaldi, D. A. & Krishna, V. & Engel, M. S." box="[151,413,1795,1819]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="1988 - 2432" refId="ref3347" refString="Krishna, K., Grimaldi, D. A., Krishna, V. & Engel, M. S. (2013) Treatise on the Isoptera of the world: Vol. 6. Termitidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 377, 1988 - 2432. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 377.6" type="journal article" year="2013">
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Krishna
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFF63534E647A1715" box="[238,289,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">et al.</emphasis>
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2013: 2061
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</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFFBFF1A53036433176D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1865,2036]" box="[151,360,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFF1A530365B1176D" bold="true" box="[151,234,1865,1891]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">Imago.</emphasis>
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Unknown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD904FFF8FF4A5327612A114F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1865,2036]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="583" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">
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<emphasis id="B943306DD904FFFBFF4A5327647A1789" bold="true" box="[199,289,1901,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">Soldier.</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="130CF0FAD904FFFBFEBF532764E31786" box="[306,440,1901,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1993,2017]" captionTargetBox="[186,1389,383,1969]" captionTargetId="figure-113@2.[186,1400,381,1969]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Measurements (Table 1) used to compare soldiers of Amitermes californicus (top) and A. wheeleri (bottom)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480098" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6480098/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">Figs. 2A, B</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="130CF0FAD904FFFBFE4B532764B01789" box="[454,491,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1679,1703]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-15@3.[151,1435,181,1655]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Amitermes soldier head capsules, dorsal view: A, B. A. californicus from Twenty Nine Palms, California; C, D. A. wheeleri from Corpus Christi, Texas; E, F. A. wheeleri from St. Petersburg, Florida." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6480100/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="582">3A</figureCitation>
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). The descriptions by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFD6A532766DB1789" author="Banks, N. & Snyder, T. E." box="[743,896,1901,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref3012" refString="Banks, N. & Snyder, T. E. (1920) A revision of the Nearctic termites, with notes on the biology and distribution of termites. United States National Museum Bulletin, 108, 1 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.108. i" type="journal article" year="1920">Banks (1920)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED904FFFBFC355327610F1789" author="Light, S. F." box="[952,1108,1901,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="582" pagination="173 - 214" refId="ref3412" refString="Light, S. F. (1930 a) The California species of the genus Amitermes Silvestri (Isoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 5, 173 - 214." type="journal article" year="1930">Light (1930a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are complimentary but lacking the following additional characters: In dorsal view, head capsule orange yellow; if full of secretion, cephalic gland light yellow; occupying about half of head capsule area. Fontanelle forms narrow arch in middle of frons, surrounded by dense mat of long setae. Labrum conical, well delineated from postclypeus. Mandibles dark reddish brown from tips of blades to marginal teeth, bases massive with weak lateral humps. Blades broad beyond marginal teeth, then narrowing and curving evenly to tips. Marginal teeth large, subtriangular, and blunt. In lateral view, head capsule ovoid, bulbus; submentum projecting, parallel with ventral margin of head capsule. Dorsal margin with dozens of long setae; denser around fontanelle. Anterior margin of fontanelle forming shallow crease on frons. Anterior lobe of pronotum slightly longer than posterior lobe; pronotum margins with long setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD907FFF8FF4A5501670D116B" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,357]" box="[199,598,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD907FFF8FF4A5501642D116B" bold="true" box="[199,374,331,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CF0FAD907FFF8FE095501649D116B" box="[388,454,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1175,1199]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,523,1149]" captionTargetId="figure-152@1.[151,1436,523,1149]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Distribution of Amitermes californicus and A. wheeleri from the University of Florida Termite Collection and literature records." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480096" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6480096/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B5D9C4D907FFF8FE7155016714116B" box="[508,591,331,357]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of Amitermes soldiers." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF48BCF7D900FFFFFF1A54DD67BE10A1" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" tableUuid="DF48BCF7D900FFFFFF1A54DD67BE10A1">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF48BCF7D907FFF8FF1A5383603A17EF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480098" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6480098" box="[151,1377,1993,2017]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6480098/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" startId="2.[151,250,1993,2017]" targetBox="[186,1389,383,1969]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD907FFF8FF1A5383603A17EF" blockId="2.[151,1377,1993,2017]" box="[151,1377,1993,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD907FFF8FF1A5383645617EF" bold="true" box="[151,269,1993,2017]" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
|
||
. Measurements (Table 1) used to compare soldiers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD907FFF8FCBF5380614517EF" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1920" box="[818,1054,1993,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD907FFF8FCBF5380614517EF" box="[818,1054,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">Amitermes californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(top) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD907FFF8FB0A538061A117EF" baseAuthorityName="Desneux" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1159,1274,1993,2017]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="2" pageNumber="583" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD907FFF8FB0A538061A117EF" box="[1159,1274,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="583">A. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(bottom).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF48BCF7D906FFF9FF1A52C566B016C5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480100" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6480100" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6480100/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" startId="3.[151,250,1679,1703]" targetBox="[151,1435,181,1655]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD906FFF9FF1A52C566B016C5" blockId="3.[151,1437,1679,1739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FF1A52C5645616A9" bold="true" box="[151,269,1679,1703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FE9452C564DE16A8" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[281,389,1679,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FE9452C564DE16A8" box="[281,389,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Amitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
soldier head capsules, dorsal view:
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FD7F52C5667916A9" bold="true" box="[754,802,1679,1703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A, B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FCA352C5669F16A9" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1920" box="[814,964,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FCA352C5669F16A9" box="[814,964,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A. californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Twenty Nine Palms, California;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FAC452C5602116A9" bold="true" box="[1353,1402,1679,1703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">C, D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FA0B52C565B516C5" baseAuthorityName="Desneux" baseAuthorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FA0B52C565B516C5" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Corpus Christi, Texas;
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FD9852F9671916C5" bold="true" box="[533,578,1715,1739]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">E, F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FDC352F9679916C5" baseAuthorityName="Desneux" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[590,706,1715,1739]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FDC352F9679916C5" box="[590,706,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from St. Petersburg, Florida.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DBFF4D906FFFEFF4A52B36427116B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD906FFF9FF4A52B36699178E" blockId="3.[151,1437,1785,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FF4A52B36419171D" bold="true" box="[199,322,1785,1811]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Among Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FD8852B36726171D" authorityName="Silvestri" authorityYear="1901" box="[517,637,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FD8852B36726171D" box="[517,637,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Amitermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the soldier of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FCAC52B3669E171D" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1920" box="[801,965,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FCAC52B3669E171D" box="[801,965,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A. californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
most closely resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FA9352B360C7171D" baseAuthorityName="Desneux" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[1310,1436,1785,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FA9352B360C7171D" box="[1310,1436,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FF3D5357647D1739" authorityName="Scheffrahn, Su, Mangold" authorityYear="1989" box="[176,294,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FF3D5357647D1739" box="[176,294,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">floridensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The mandible bases, blades, and marginal teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FCFC5357614D1739" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1920" box="[881,1046,1821,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FCFC5357614D1739" box="[881,1046,1821,1847]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A. californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are larger and stouter in all respect than those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FEBF530B64E91755" baseAuthorityName="Desneux" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[306,434,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FEBF530B64E91755" box="[306,434,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FE59530B67111755" authorityName="Scheffrahn, Su, Mangold" authorityYear="1989" box="[468,586,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FE59530B67111755" box="[468,586,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">floridensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CF0FAD906FFF9FDEE530B67921752" box="[611,713,1857,1884]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1993,2017]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1679,1703]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,986,1010]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,250,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox-0="[186,1389,383,1969]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,181,1655]" captionTargetBox-2="[177,1410,417,959]" captionTargetBox-3="[181,1406,1070,1952]" captionTargetId-0="figure-113@2.[186,1400,381,1969]" captionTargetId-1="figure-15@3.[151,1435,181,1655]" captionTargetId-2="figure-123@4.[177,1410,417,963]" captionTargetId-3="figure-152@4.[181,1406,1070,1952]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Measurements (Table 1) used to compare soldiers of Amitermes californicus (top) and A. wheeleri (bottom)." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Amitermes soldier head capsules, dorsal view: A, B. A. californicus from Twenty Nine Palms, California; C, D. A. wheeleri from Corpus Christi, Texas; E, F. A. wheeleri from St. Petersburg, Florida." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Dorsal view of Amitermes soldier mandibles: A, A. californicus from Pala, California; B, A. wheeleri from Pedernales Falls, Texas." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Worker enteric valve armature: A,. A. californicus from Madera Canyon, Arizona; B, A. wheeleri from Boerne, Texas." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480098" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480100" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480102" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480104" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/6480098/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/6480100/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/6480102/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/6480104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Figs 2–5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B5D9C4D906FFF9FD5B530B66731755" box="[726,808,1857,1883]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of Amitermes soldiers." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF48BCF7D900FFFFFF1A54DD67BE10A1" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" tableUuid="DF48BCF7D900FFFFFF1A54DD67BE10A1">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The soldier of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FC64530B61D41755" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1920" box="[1001,1167,1857,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FC64530B61D41755" box="[1001,1167,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A. californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is somewhat larger and has a more quadrate head capsule than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FD11532F66401771" baseAuthorityName="Desneux" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[668,795,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FD11532F66401771" box="[668,795,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">A. wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD906FFF9FCB1532F66E91771" authorityName="Scheffrahn, Su, Mangold" authorityYear="1989" box="[828,946,1893,1919]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FCB1532F66E91771" box="[828,946,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">floridensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD906FFFEFF4A53C361471113" blockId="3.[151,1437,1785,2028]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,150,393]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="585" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD906FFF9FF4A53C3647217AD" bold="true" box="[199,297,1929,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Worker.</emphasis>
|
||
The description by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA6918ED906FFF9FD9853C367E817AD" author="Light, S. F." box="[533,691,1929,1955]" pageId="3" pageNumber="584" pagination="173 - 214" refId="ref3412" refString="Light, S. F. (1930 a) The California species of the genus Amitermes Silvestri (Isoptera). University of California Publications in Entomology, 5, 173 - 214." type="journal article" year="1930">Light (1930a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is adequate but lacking the following additional characters: The second proctodeal segment (P2) very narrow and tubular; seating consists of circular flare connecting to the third proctodeal segment. Enteric valve armature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CF0FAD906FFF9FD19539B67B617E2" box="[660,749,2001,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,1070,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-152@4.[181,1406,1070,1952]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Worker enteric valve armature: A,. A. californicus from Madera Canyon, Arizona; B, A. wheeleri from Boerne, Texas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6480104/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="584">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with six cushions extending length of P2; posterior ends of cushion consisting of ovoid patches of pointy scales varying in number from about 25 to about eight. The cushion with the most posterior scales has a string of single scales extending to its anterior where scales divide into two or three strings. Other cushions lack a string, but their anterior terminations have scale strings or scale patches. The cushion with the least number of scales is always opposite that with the greatest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD901FFFEFF4A556C6427116B" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD901FFFEFF4A556C6419114E" bold="true" box="[199,322,294,320]" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD901FFFEFE75556D67C6114F" authorityName="Banks" authorityYear="1920" box="[504,669,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD901FFFEFE75556D67C6114F" box="[504,669,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">A. californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3797FCD901FFFEFD5E556D6611114F" baseAuthorityName="Desneux" baseAuthorityYear="1906" box="[723,842,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Termitidae" genus="Amitermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Blattodea" pageId="4" pageNumber="585" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="wheeleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD901FFFEFD5E556D6611114F" box="[723,842,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">A wheeleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can only be separated by the former’s larger size and longer EVA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130CF0FAD901FFFEFEA455016435116B" box="[297,366,330,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1976,2000]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,1070,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-152@4.[181,1406,1070,1952]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 5. Worker enteric valve armature: A,. A. californicus from Madera Canyon, Arizona; B, A. wheeleri from Boerne, Texas." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6480104" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6480104/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32DBFF4D901FFFEFF4A5524678C1187" box="[199,727,366,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="585" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B88EC7FD901FFFEFF4A5524678C1187" blockId="4.[151,1437,150,393]" box="[199,727,366,393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">
|
||
<emphasis id="B943306DD901FFFEFF4A552464EC1186" bold="true" box="[199,439,366,392]" pageId="4" pageNumber="585">Material Examined.</emphasis>
|
||
Supplementary
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B5D9C4D901FFFEFDE3552567891187" box="[622,722,367,393]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (mm) of Amitermes soldiers." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF48BCF7D900FFFFFF1A54DD67BE10A1" pageId="4" pageNumber="585" tableUuid="DF48BCF7D900FFFFFF1A54DD67BE10A1">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |